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2019届河南省开封市高三上学期第一次模拟考试英语试题（解析版）
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河南省开封市2019届高三上学期第一次模拟考试
英语试卷
一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共30.0分）
A
China's health and education authorities on Monday required the country's schools to establish systems to report HIV/AIDS infection cases in students．
The National Health and Family Planning Commission and the Ministry of Education said in a joint circular that infections of the virus among young students saw a marked rise in recent years， a sign of problems in education and students' awareness about HIV/AIDS prevention．
The two authorities required local health and education agencies to improve awareness at schools and called for establishment of an infection reporting system and regular consultation mechanism to analyze the cause of infections and formulate countermeasures．
The circular also urged proper protection of infected students' privacy．
Students in secondary schools and older should attend special classes on HIV/AIDS prevention focused on prevention of unsafe behavior as well as sexual responsibility and morality， the circular said．
It also pledged financial support for volunteer services．
The circular said HIV/AIDS voluntary counselling and testing services should be improved and schools should encourage students with risky behaviors to use the services．
1. what does the underlined word "circular" in the second paragraph mean？ ______
A. round． B. notice
C. advertisements D. news
2. From the passage， we can infer that ______ ．
A. Students have fully realized the meaning of HIV/AIDS．
B. China's health and education authorities pay little attention to HIV/AIDS issues in Chinese students．
C. students' awareness about HIV/AIDS should be greatly improved．
D. HIV/AIDS infection cases in students have drawn no concern among students．
3. What can be the best title for the text？ ______
A. call for reports on students with HIV．
B. public concerns about HIV/AIDS infection．
C. volunteer services for HIV/AIDS infection cases．
D. to ignore HIV/AIDS infection cases is wrong．
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. C
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了中国卫生和教育部门要求各地学校加强学生艾滋病预防宣传教育，建立完善的防控体系，提高预防艾滋病防范的服务。
【1题详解】
词义猜测题。根据上文The National Health and Family Planning Commission and the Ministry of Education said in a joint与下文infections of the virus among young students saw a marked rise in recent years， a sign of problems in education and students' awareness about HIV/AIDS prevention．可知下文的内容：近年来，青年学生中的病毒感染明显增加，这是教育和学生对艾滋病毒/艾滋病预防意识存在问题的迹象是对circular的具体阐述，其内容是一份公告和通知，由此可见，circular意思为“通知；公告”，故选B。
【2题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段Students in secondary schools and older should attend special classes on HIV/AIDS prevention focused on prevention of unsafe behavior as well as sexual responsibility and morality， the circular said．可知，该通知称，中学及以上年级学生应参加以预防不安全行为以及性责任和道德为重点的艾滋病毒/艾滋病预防特别班。由此可见，应加大提高学生对艾滋病毒/艾滋病的认识，故选C。
【3题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章大意可知，本文主要讲述了中国卫生和教育部门要求各地学校加强学生艾滋病预防宣传教育，建立完善的防控体系，提高预防艾滋病防范的服务。由此可见，题目应为艾滋病毒/艾滋病感染病例提供志愿服务，故选C。
B
Visiting the tiny tropical island of Boao in south China's Hainan Province， it would be hard to imagine a more picturesque or conducive venue for large-scale gatherings． The island boasts an abundance of coconut trees and sunny beaches cooled by the area's customary gentle ocean breeze． The overall atmosphere is one of tranquility．
Against this enviable backdrop， an array of elites drawn from a wide spectrum of society both in China and abroad gathered from March 26 to 29 to pool their wisdom and share their insights on a broad range of topics during the annual Boao Forum for Asia （BFA）． Numbered among them were over 2，000 political leaders， business tycoons and globally renowned academics．
Held under the theme of Asia's New Future： Towards a Community of Common Destiny， this year's forum distinguished itself from previous gatherings through the broader participation of political heavyweights from almost every continent， as represented by the presence of Chinese President Xi Jinping and state leaders from Malaysia， Armenia， Australia， Indonesia， Nepal， Russia， the Netherlands， Thailand， Kazakhstan， Austria and Sweden， among other nations， at the opening ceremony on March 28．
"The original goal of the Boao Forum when it was founded was to build a community of common destiny． I'm glad that we are coming to discussions surrounding this topic，" said Yasuo Fukuda， Chairman of the Board of Directors of the BFA and former Prime Minister of Japan， during the opening ceremony．
"Our friends in Southeast Asia say that the lotus flowers grow taller as the water rises． Our friends in Africa say that if you want to go fast， walk alone； and if you want to go far， walk together． Our friends in Europe say that a single tree cannot block the chilly wind． And Chinese people say that when big rivers have water， the small ones are filled； and when small rivers have water， the big ones are filled，" said Chinese President Xi in the opening speech addressing the importance of international cooperation in boosting common development and illustrating the idea of "a community of common destiny．"
The more specific framework for building such a community in Asia， which was underscored by Xi， included the China-ASEAN community of common destiny and an East Asia economic community for ASEAN， China， Japan and the Republic of Korea （ROK）． The East Asia economic community is scheduled for completion by 2020．
4. The underlined phrase "a single tree cannot block the chilly wind " in Paragraph 5 probably means " ______ "．
A. A friend in need is a friend indeed．
B. The early bird gets the worm．
C. More haste， less speed．
D. One tree can't make a forest．
5. If you are a reporter to interview some leaders attending the Boao Forum this year，you probably will seize the chance on the following day except ______ ．
A. March 26 B. march 28
C. March 29 D. march 21
6. According to the passage， the elites' attitude could be described as ______ ．
A. Doubtful B. Disappointed
C. supportive D. negative
7. What can we infer from the passage？ ______
A. The original goal of the Boao Forum is to build a community of common destiny．
B. The overall atmosphere of the island of Boao is tranquility．
C. The connection among Asian countries are becoming increasingly strong．
D. The Boao Forum is one branch of the United Nations．
【答案】4. D 5. D 6. C 7. C
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了来自中国和海外社会的一群精英聚集在3月26日至29日，并在年度博鳌亚洲论坛期间，凝聚他们的智慧，分享他们对广大领域的见解。
【4题详解】
句意理解题。根据上下文内容可知，Our friends in Europe say that a single tree cannot block the chilly wind．句意为我们在欧洲的朋友说，一棵树不能阻挡寒风。即一棵树不能成为森林。故选D。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段Against this enviable backdrop， an array of elites drawn from a wide spectrum of society both in China and abroad gathered from March 26 to 29 to pool their wisdom and share their insights on a broad range of topics during the annual Boao Forum for Asia （BFA）．可知，如果你是采访今年参加博鳌论坛的一些领导的记者，你可能会在第二天抓住机会，除了3月21日，故选D。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段I'm glad that we are coming to discussions surrounding this topic，" said Yasuo Fukuda， Chairman of the Board of Directors of the BFA and former Prime Minister of Japan， during the opening ceremony．可知，博鳌亚洲论坛董事会主席、前日本首相Yasuo Fukuda表示很高兴参与这次话题讨论，故可推测精英的态度可以说是支持性的。故选C。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段the China-ASEAN community of common destiny and an East Asia economic community for ASEAN， China， Japan and the Republic of Korea （ROK）． The East Asia economic community is scheduled for completion by 2020．习近平强调，亚洲需要建立中国-东盟命运共同体这样一个社区的具体框架。且东亚经济社区计划于2020年完工。可知，亚洲国家之间的联系越来越紧密。故选C。
C
Australia is divided into three separate time zones： Australian Eastern Standard Time （AEST）， Australian Central Standard Time （ACST）， and Australian Western Standard Time （AWST）．
AEST is equal to Coordinated Universal Time plus 10 hours （UTC +10）． ACST is equal to Coordinated Universal Time plus 9½ hours （UTC +9½）． AWST is equal to Coordinated Universal Time plus 8 hours （UTC +8）．
Australian Eastern Standard Time （AEST） covers the eastern states of Queensland， New South Wales， Victoria， Tasmania and the Australian Capital Territory （ACT）． AEST is equal to Coordinated Universal Time plus 10 hours （UTC +10）
Australian Central Standard Time （ACST） covers the state of South Australia， the town of Broken Hill in western New South Wales and the Northern Territory． ACST is equal to Coordinated Universal Time plus 9½ hours （UTC +9½）．
Australian Western Standard Time （AWST） covers the state of Western Australia． AWST is equal to Coordinated Universal Time plus 8 hours （UTC +8）．
Does Australia observe daylight saving time？
In the Australian summer， New South Wales， Victoria， South Australia， Tasmania and the ACT turn their clocks forward one hour to Daylight Saving Time （DST）． Daylight Saving Time begins at 2am （AEST） on the first Sunday in October and ends at 3am （Australian Eastern Daylight Time） on the first Sunday in April．
NSW， ACT， Victoria and Tasmania move from AEST to Australian Eastern Daylight Time （AEDT）， UTC +11． South Australia and the NSW town of Broken Hill move from ACST to Australian Central Daylight Time （ACDT）， UTC +10½．
Daylight saving is not observed in Queensland， the Northern Territory or Western Australia．
How many hours will I gain/lose traveling to Australia？ The International Date Line crossing the Pacific Ocean changes the date by one day． If you cross the date line moving east， you subtract a day； if travelling west you add on a day （with local variations）． Travelling direct from Los Angeles or London to Australia you arrive two days later； travelling back， you arrive the same day you departed．
8. How many time zones are there in Australia？ ______
A. one B. two
C. three D. four
9. Daylight saving could be observed in ______ ．
A. Queensland B. the Northern Territory
C. Western Australia D. Victoria
10. Does Australia observe daylight saving time？ ______
A. yes B. no
C. uncertain D. the author doesn't mention it．
11. suppose that you go to Australia directly from Buckingham Palace on March 8， then you probably arrive at Australia on ______ ．
A. March 7 B. March 10
C. March 9 D. March 6
【答案】8. C 9. D 10. A 11. B
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了澳大利亚分为三个独立的时区：澳大利亚东部标准时间（AEST），澳大利亚中部标准时间（ACST）和澳大利亚西部标准时间（AWST）。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段Australia is divided into three separate time zones： Australian Eastern Standard Time （AEST）， Australian Central Standard Time （ACST）， and Australian Western Standard Time （AWST）．澳大利亚分为三个独立的时区：澳大利亚东部标准时间（AEST），澳大利亚中部标准时间（ACST）和澳大利亚西部标准时间（AWST）。可知，澳大利亚有三个时区。故选C。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第七段 In the Australian summer， New South Wales， Victoria， South Australia， Tasmania and the ACT turn their clocks forward one hour to Daylight Saving Time （DST）．可知，在维多利亚州可以观察到夏令时。故选D。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据第七段 In the Australian summer， New South Wales， Victoria， South Australia， Tasmania and the ACT turn their clocks forward one hour to Daylight Saving Time （DST）．可知，澳大利亚遵守夏令时。故选A。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段 If you cross the date line moving east， you subtract a day； if travelling west you add on a day （with local variations）．（如果你穿越日界线东移动,时间需要减去一天；如果向西去，时间需要增加一天。）可知，假设您于3月8日直接从白金汉宫前往澳大利亚，那么您可能会在3月10日抵达澳大利亚。故选B。
D
A year ago， Jiao Wenchao， 31 and a college teacher， suddenly realized that he was having hearing problems． The problem grew to such a degree that he decided to seek professional help at a local hospital in Beijing． An examination suggested that both his ears were losing the ability to hear high frequency sounds．
The doctor told him that the problem was caused by over exposure to high frequency and loud noise， including from his earphones．
Neurological hearing loss， as in Jiao's case， is usually caused by exposure to unsafe noise levels， says Pan Tao， an otologist from the Peking University Third Hospital in Beijing． His department receives around 10 patients who have neurological hearing impairment like Jiao every day．
"Such patients are increasing in recent years． Even some teenagers are among them，" says Pan． "And during our investigations， we find that many of them follow bad habits such as making phone calls or listening to music for too long and at high volume．"
A recent report by the World Health Organization has warned that some 1.1 billion teenagers and young adults are at risk of hearing loss due to the unsafe use of personal audio devices， including smart phones． Data from studies in middle-and high-income countries analyzed by WHO indicate that among teenagers and young adults aged between 12 and 35， nearly 50 percent were exposed to unsafe levels of sound from personal audio devices and around 40 percent were exposed to potentially damaging levels of sound at entertainment venues．
According to the study， safe listening depends on the intensity or loudness of sound， as well as the duration and frequency of listening． When the exposure is particularly loud， regular or prolonged， it could lead to permanent damage of the ear's sensory cells， it says．
The study results have grabbed wide attention on the internet in China． Many internet users admit that compared with more noticeable health problems like eyesight loss， hearing loss has been largely neglected． Pan says such impairment is usually neglected even by patients themselves as it is usually in the high frequency section， which means that those who suffer it can still carry out daily communication unaffected．
"Often the problem is only found out when they visit our hospital to seek help for more noticeable symptoms like tinnitus，" says Pan． He also says that timely treatment is critical． "This is because sometimes the hearing loss is temporary and can be cured with therapy， including medicine． However， it can become irreversible if the problem is not properly treated within the first two or three months．
"But many people miss the best time to get treated because they do not even realize the existence of the problem．"
After Jiao's first check a year ago， the doctor prescribed Jiao medicine to tackle the problem． However， Jiao returned to the hospital recently， and found that the situation had not improved much． "I understand now that the impairment may be irreversible，" says Jiao． "So， I must pay attention to my habit of using earphones， and avoid harmful environmental noises， too．"
To mark International Ear Care Day， celebrated each year on March 3， WHO has launched the "Make Listening Safe" initiative to draw attention to the dangers of unsafe listening and promote safer practices．
The WHO study has suggested that unsafe levels of sounds could be exposure to in excess of 85 decibels for eight hours or 100 dB for 15 minutes， such as noise at nightclubs， bars， sporting events and other entertainment venues．
The study also warns that hearing loss has potentially devastating consequences for physical and mental health， education and employment． It says teenagers and young people can better protect their hearing by keeping the volume down on personal audio devices， wearing earplugs when visiting noisy venues， and using carefully fitted， and， if possible， noise-canceling earphones or headphones．
12. According to the study， safe listening depends on ______ ．
A. The intensity of sound．
B. The loudness of sound．
C. The duration and frequency of listening．
D. All of the above．
13. Jiao Wenchao's problem， according to the doctor， was caused by a series of reasons except ______ ．
A. Congenital diseases．
B. Overuse of earphones．
C. Over exposure to loud noise．
D. Over exposure to high frequency noise．
14. which of the following is wrong？ ______
A. Patients， like Jiao Wenchao， are merely limited to adults．
B. Sometimes the hearing loss is temporary and can be cured with therapy．
C. In Jiao Wenchao's case， timely treatment is critical．
D. WHO has launched some initiatives to draw attention to the dangers of unsafe listening．
15. what can we infer from the text？ ______
A. It is harmful to stay in bars for hearing for a while．
B. Environmental noises have no effects on people．
C. People working at nightclubs are apt to lose hearing ability．
D. Patients suffering from listening loss would immediately realize the importance of treatment．
【答案】12. D 13. A 14. A 15. C
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了听力安全问题。根据一项研究发现，安全的听力取决于声音的强度或响度，以及听力的持续时间和频率。报告说，当暴露的声音特别大、规律或持续时间过长时，可能会导致人类耳朵听力受损。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第六段According to the study， safe listening depends on the intensity or loudness of sound， as well as the duration and frequency of listening．可知安全的听力取决于声音的强度或响度，以及听力的持续时间和频率。报告说，当暴露的声音特别大、规律或持续时间过长时，可能会导致耳朵感觉细胞的永久性损伤。根据分析得知，故选D。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段 The doctor told him that the problem was caused by over exposure to high frequency and loud noise， including from his earphones．可知医生告诉他，这个问题是由于过度暴露在高频和大噪音下造成的，包括他的耳机。Congenital diseases先天性疾病，没有提及，选A。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第五段内容可知，世界卫生组织分析的中高收入国家的研究数据表明，在12岁的青少年和35岁中年人之间，近50%的人暴露在来自个人音频设备的不安全音量下，约40%的人暴露在娱乐场所潜在的有害音量下。由此可见，A选项：像Jiao Wenchao的病人仅限于成年人。是错误的，故选A。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段The WHO study has suggested that unsafe levels of sounds could be exposure to in excess of 85 decibels for eight hours or 100 dB for 15 minutes， such as noise at nightclubs， bars， sporting events and other entertainment venues．可知世卫组织的研究表明，不安全的声音水平可能会在超过85分贝的环境中持续8小时，或在超过100分贝的环境中持续15分钟，如夜总会、酒吧、体育赛事和其他娱乐场所的噪音。由此可见，在夜总会工作的人容易丧失听力。故选C。
二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共10.0分）
According to a sales report from askci．com on 2018's Double Eleven， the national shopping day， women's down garments were among the top 10 hit products．
Statistics show that down garments have been popular for many years in both northern and southern China．___16___．Especially during a fiercely cold winter，___17___， cares about being stylish？
All you need is warmth -- the very light from heaven， which down garments can provide you with． However， as living standards rise， more expensive garments filled with goose down， instead of duck down， have appeared in the market．
___18___．what's the difference between the down from these two creatures？ First， the down from mature geese is larger and thicker， which makes garments filled with goose down much warmer． Second， goose down is more flexible and fluffier than that of ducks．___19___， goose down has no strange odor． Geese are often "vegetarians" and eat clean， while ducks are omnivorous， which could give their feathers and down a strong scent．___20___．
However， duck down is still a good choice if you live in place where winter is windy， yet not that cold．
If you still want be stylish…
Although most down garments can make people look big and sloppy， you could choose longer ones for a slimming look． For colors， metallic hues are more fashionable and pair more easily with other street-style outfits in your wardrobe．
A．Goose or duck？
B．It seems the strong warmth provided by down garments has been nationally approved．
C．These are the advantages that account for the higher prices of garments made with goose down．
D．when you shudder in the wind．
E．How to choose your down garment．
F．The last difference is key for people sensitive to smells．
G．You may like goose garment better．
【答案】16. B 17. E
18. A 19. C
20. F
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了女式羽绒服在中国已经流行多年，羽绒服的保暖性能似乎已经得到了全国的认可。
【16题详解】
根据后文They have been popular for many years in China．（它们在中国已经流行多年了。）可知羽绒服所提供的强烈的温暖似乎已经得到了全国的认可。故选B。
【17题详解】
根据下文cares about being stylish？关心是否时尚？可知本句应为提出“如何选择羽绒服”，符合文意，故选E。
【18题详解】
根据后文First，the down from mature geese is larger and thicker，which makes garments filled with goose down much warmer．Second，goose down is more flexible than that of ducks．The last difference is key for people sensitive to smells：Compared to duck down，goose down has no strange smell．可知首先，成熟鹅的绒毛更大更厚，这使得鹅绒的衣服更暖和；其次，鹅绒比鸭子的柔软．最后一个区别是人们对气味敏感的关键：鹅绒比鸭绒异味少。可知A项：Goose or duck？选鹅绒还是鸭绒？符合文意，故选A。
【19题详解】
根据前文goose down is more flexible and fluffier than that of ducks，鹅绒比鸭绒更柔软、更蓬松。可知这些都是鹅绒服装价格更高的原因。符合语境，故选C。
【20题详解】
根据前文Ducks do not eat clean diet， which could give their feathers a strong scent．（鸭子不吃干净的食物，这会给它们的羽毛一种强烈的气味。）smell可对应到 F项中的smells，指出：最后一个区别是对气味敏感的人的关键，符合文意，故选F。
三、完形填空（本大题共20小题，共30.0分）
Earlier this week Sir Elton John expressed ___21___about how his young son， Zachary， might be___22___when he goes to school．
He fears he might face bullying because his parents are gay and Britain can still be homophobic． He may be right， though in all the schools I know， children come now___23___every type of family circumstance， and don't think___24___about it．
Nevertheless， the playground can be cruel and adults need to be vigilant．
But Elton John's anxiety made me think more generally about ___25___our children experience childhood and what we want___26___them from it． Of course， childhood is not a stage in life ___27___by our biology but a human convention． This is why we can sometimes get in a muddle about it， especially about the point of transition to adulthood． We send mixed messages when we tell our children different stories about their level of maturity in relation___28___getting married， casting a vote， taking out a loan， ___29___for their country， and so on．
I once had___30___argument with someone___31___passionately believed that the age of criminal responsibility should be raised from ten to 16， even 18． We have to remember，" she said， "that these young people are children．" I was not___32___， but all the time I kept hearing some words of my own teenage son， words ___33___parents hear at some time， "Dad， stop treating me like a child．
"At one time getting a job was the rite of passage out of childhood． But now unemployment suspends many young people___34___childhood and the adult world with___35___helpful precedents as to how to live well in this in-between existence． In the gospels， there's just one reference to the childhood of Jesus， though a significant one． It's the story of a 12-year-old who gets taken by his parents to Jerusalem and inadvertently left behind when they and their extended family returned home． Mary and Joseph go looking for Jesus and find him in the temple， listening to the teachers and asking them questions．
I find it striking that in an age___36___children would be valued not so much for their own sakes． as for___37___they would become， productive workers and reproductive mothers， that these busy and learned men take childhood ___38___， make time for a young boy and pay him attention．
And the child， we are told， grew in wisdom． The story takes us to the heart of what___39___a good childhood． The challenge is about how far we can offer our children this kind of interaction． For parents it's not easy．
If both have to work and work means long journeys， it's not surprising that in our exhaustion we___40___on the television and computer． But keeping children occupied is not the same as giving them our attention．"
21. A. Sadness B. pleasure C. anxieties D. hatred
22. A. Scolded B. beat C. praised D. treated
23. A. From B. away C. in D. off
24. A. Once B. twice C. / D. nothing
25. A. what B. why C. how D. when
26. A. for B. with C. about D. of
27. A. determine B. to determine C. determining D. determined
28. A. by B. with C. to D. of
29. A. fighting B. arguing C. voting D. leaving
30. A. the B. a C. an D. /
31. A. when B. where C. who D. whom
32. A. sympathetic B. sympathy C. sympathize D. unsympathetic
33. A. many B. much C. no D. most
34. A. both B. between C. among D. about
35. A. a few B. few C. a little D. more
36. A. why B. when C. where D. whenever
37. A. what B. whom C. which D. whether
38. A. normally B. seriously C. freely D. carelessly
39. A. makes up B. makes of C. makes for D. makes sense
40. A. fall down B. fall back C. fall behind D. fall off
【答案】21. C 22. D 23. A 24. B 25. C 26. A 27. D 28. C 29. A 30. C 31. C 32. D 33. D 34. B 35. B 36. B 37. A 38. B 39. C 40. D
【解析】
这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲了孩子的童年是非常关键的一段时期，作为父母应该如何帮助孩子更好地过渡到大人世界。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。A. sadness难过，B. pleasure乐趣，C. anxieties焦虑，D. hatred仇恨。根据下文的He fears he might face bullying可知，Elton John表达了他的焦虑，故答案为C。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。A. scolded训斥，B. beat打，C. praised表扬，D. treated对待。此处指他表达了儿子Zachary去上学可能被怎样对待，故答案为D。
【23题详解】
考查介词的辨析。A. from来自；B. away离去；C. in在……里面；D. off脱离；切断。此处指学生来自不同的家庭背景，使用come from“来自”，故答案为A。
【24题详解】
考查固定搭配。4. A. once一次；曾经；B. twice两次；C. /不填；D. nothing没有。句意：学生来自各种类型的家庭背景，没有对此进行三思。短语think twice about，“仔细考虑；三思而行”故答案为B。
【25题详解】
考查引导词的辨析。句意：但是Elton John的焦虑让我更多地想到我们的孩子是如何经历童年的，使用how引导宾语从句，故答案为C。
【26题详解】
考查介词的辨析。A. for对于；B. with和；C. about关于；D. of关于；属于。句意：我们想要孩子从中学得什么，使用for，表示"对于孩子而言"，故答案为A。
【27题详解】
考查非谓语动词辨析。A. determine决定；B. to determine确定；C. determining决定；D. determined决定了的。此处指童年不是由生理上决定的一个人生阶段，而是由人类习俗决定的，stage与determine构成被动的关系，故答案为D。
【28题详解】
考查介词的辨析。8. A. by借助；B. with和；C. to到；向；D. of属于。此处考查"与…相关"使用短语in relation to，故答案为C。
【29题详解】
考查动词的辨析。A. fighting斗争，B. arguing争辩，C. voting选举，D. leaving离开，此处指为国家而斗争，故答案为A。
【30题详解】
考查冠词的辨析。句意：我曾经和某人有过争辩。短语have an argument with sb．“和某人争辩”，故答案为C。
【31题详解】
考查引导词的辨析。句子先行词是someone，指人，在从句中做主语，使用who引导定语从句，故答案为C。
【32题详解】
考查形容词辨析。A. sympathetic同情心的，B. sympathy名词：同情，C. sympathize动词：同情，D. unsympathetic没有同情心的，我并不是没有同情心的，故答案为D。
【33题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。A. many许多；B. much许多；C. no没有；D. most大多数。句意：我经常听到我的青少年儿子说的话，这话也是大多数父母有时候会听到的，使用most，故答案为D。
【34题详解】
考查介词辨析。A. both都，B. between之间，C. among（三者及以上）之间，D. about关于，但是现在失业暂缓了很多孩子从童年跨越到成人世界，故答案为B。
【35题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。A. a few一些；B. few很少；C. a little一点儿；D. more更多。句意：关于如何才能在这样的过渡期很好的生存，只有很少的几个有帮助的先例。因此使用否定意义的few"很少的"，故答案为B。
【36题详解】
考查连词辨析。句子先行词age，在定语从句中充当时间状语，因此使用when引导，故答案为B。
【37题详解】
考查连词辨析。for后面的宾语从句，从句缺少become的宾语，因此使用表示"什么"的what引导，故答案为A。
【38题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。A. normally正常地，B. seriously严肃地，C. freely自由地，D. carelessly粗心地。这些繁忙以及学识渊博的人很认真地对待童年，使用短语take sth. seriously“认真对待”，故答案为B。
【39题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。A. makes up组成，B. makes of理解，C. makes for有利于，D. makes sense有意义。这个故事告诉我们什么对于孩子的童年是有利的，故答案为C。
【40题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。A. fall down摔倒; B. fall back后退;C. fall behind落后;D. fall off跌落;变坏。如果两个人都要忙于工作，那我们最终会疲惫到倒在电视或电脑前，故答案为D。
四
语法填空
Non-Hermitian wave engineering is ___41___recent and fast-moving field that examines both fundamental and application-oriented phenomena． One such phenomenon is coherent perfect absorption-an effect commonly ___42___（refer） to as ‘anti-lasing' because it corresponds to the time-reversed process of coherent emission of radiation at the lasing threshold （where all radiation losses are exactly balanced by the optical gain）．
Coherent perfect absorbers have been ___43___（experimental）realized in several setups． with the notable exception of a CPA ___44___a disordered medium． Such a ‘random CPA' would be the time-reverse of a ‘random laser， in___45___light is resonantly enhanced by multiple scattering inside a disorder． Because of the___46___（complex） of this scattering process， the light field emitted by a random laser is also spatially complex and not focused like a regular laser beam． Realizing a random CPA （or ‘random anti-laser'） is therefore___47___（challenge） because it requires the equivalent of time-reversing such a light field in all___48___degrees of freedom to create coherent radiation that is perfectly absorbed when ___49___（impinge） on a disordered medium． Here we use microwave technology___50___（build） a random anti-laser and demonstrate its ability to absorb suitably engineered incoming radiation fields with near-perfect efficiency．
【答案】41. a 42. referred
43. experimentally
44. in 45. which
46. complexity
47. challenging
48. its 49. impinging
50. to build
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了一种抗激光效应以及其实验应用。
【41题详解】
考查冠词。句意：是一个快速发展的领域，表示泛指“一个领域”，故填a。
【42题详解】
考查非谓语。refer to与effect是动宾关系，故填过去分词做后置定语，故填referred。
【43题详解】
考查副词。修饰动词realize需要副词形式，故填experimentally。
【44题详解】
考查介词。短语in a disordered medium表示“在无序介质中”，故填介词in。
【45题详解】
考查定语从句连接词。本句为定语从句修饰先行词random laser，先行词在定语从句中做宾语，指物，故填关系代词which
【46题详解】
考查名词。because of后面接名词或名词短语，故填complexity。
【47题详解】
考查形容词。is是系动词，故填形容词作表语，故填challenging。
【48题详解】
考查代词。degrees为名词，需要形容词修饰，本句中表示“在它的自由程度上”，故填its。
【49题详解】
考查省略以及非谓语动词。when引导的时间状语从句省略了it is，故填impinging。
【50题详解】
考查非谓语动词。use sth. to do sth.“用某物做某事”后跟不定式做目的状语，故填to build。
五
51.短文改错
No one lives without a dream． If the path is smooth or tough， we are on the way to achieve it． As a senior 3 student， I have the same dream as my classmates that I can be admitted with an ideal university． In the past three years， I had done everything I can to equip myself with that I have learned from my teachers． Not only have I enjoyed the pleasure of study but also I have got closer in my dream． anxiety and pressure discourage me now and then． However， with the discouragement of my teachers and classmates， I think I will make out it．
I'm sure that there is still a long way to go to achieve my dream． No matter how challenged it is， I will make it come true． as the proverb said． "where there is a will， there is a way．''
【答案】1． If→Whether
2． achieve→achieving
3． with→to/into
4． had→have
5． that→what
6． in→to
7． discouragement →encouragement
8．去掉 out
9． challenged→challenging
10． said→says
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。作者在本文告诉我们与其他的同学一样，作者自己也有梦想，希望能进入一所理想的大学，并将在老师和同学们的鼓励下，克服困难，不断努力，争取实现自己的梦想。
【详解】1.考查连接词。句型whether…or表示“无论是否”，故If改为Whether。
2.考查非谓语动词。短语on the way to doing表示“即将做”后跟-ing形式，故achieve改为achieving。
3.考查介词。短语be admitted to/into表示“被…录取”，故with改为to或into。
4.考查时态。短语in the past+时间段，应与现在完成时态连用，故had改为have。
5.考查名词性从句连接词。句意：我向老师学习来武装我自己。what引导宾语从句并充当从句的宾语，指事，that只起连接作用。故that改为what。
6.考查介词。短语get close to表示“靠近”后跟介词to。故in改为to。
7.考查名词。句意：在老师和同学的鼓励下。表示“鼓励；激励”应用名词encouragement，故discouragement改为encouragement。
8.考查介词。句意：是在老师和同学们的鼓励下，我相信我能成功。短语make it意为"成功；做到"，故删去out。
9.考查形容词。句意：是无论多么困难，我都将实现我的梦想。主语是it，指物，故用-ing结尾形容词修饰，故challenged改为challenging。
10.考查时态。描述现在的事情用一般现在时，主语为单数名词，所以用第三人称单数谓语。故said改为says。
六、书面表达（本大题共1小题，共25.0分）
52.假如你是李华，是一名高中生。近几年来，随着环保意识的增强，各地相继颁布禁止在春节期间燃放鞭炮的决定。请你进一步解释说明禁放鞭炮对的益处，号召人们不断提高自我意识，贡献自己的一份力量。
注意：1．字数100左右；
2．可适当增加细节，使行文连贯
3．参考词汇；鞭炮 firecrackers
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 Many cities ban the firecrackers during the Spring Festival and I completely approve it because it is beneficial to us.
First, banning firecrackers will protect the environment for they create trash and pollute the air. And for many of us, the noise made by firecrackers disrupts the sleep and causes stress. So we can have a more comfortable and quieter life if firecrackers are forbidden during the Spring Festival. What’s more, there have been incidents every year of firecracker users being blinded, losing body parts or suffering other injuries so there will be less injures if we refuse firecrackers.
Now it’s time for us to say no to the firecrackers and contribute more to the environment, to the life of ourselves!
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇应用文写作。
【详解】第1步：根据提示可知，本篇为一篇议论文；假如你是李华，是一名高中生。近几年来，随着环保意识的增强，各地相继颁布禁止在春节期间燃放鞭炮的决定。请你进一步解释说明禁放鞭炮对的益处，号召人们不断提高自我意识，贡献自己的一份力量。
第2步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组），如：firecrackers（鞭炮），the Spring Festival（春节），be beneficial to（有益于），disrupt（破坏）；contribute more to（贡献更多）等。
第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。
本文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。另外全文中没有中国式英语句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。
【点睛】范文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式，如First, banning firecrackers will protect the environment for they create trash and pollute the air. 运用了动名词短语做主语；What’s more, there have been incidents every year of firecracker users being blinded, losing body parts or suffering other injuries so there will be less injures if we refuse firecrackers. there be句型的运用。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。
英语试卷
一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共30.0分）
A
China's health and education authorities on Monday required the country's schools to establish systems to report HIV/AIDS infection cases in students．
The National Health and Family Planning Commission and the Ministry of Education said in a joint circular that infections of the virus among young students saw a marked rise in recent years， a sign of problems in education and students' awareness about HIV/AIDS prevention．
The two authorities required local health and education agencies to improve awareness at schools and called for establishment of an infection reporting system and regular consultation mechanism to analyze the cause of infections and formulate countermeasures．
The circular also urged proper protection of infected students' privacy．
Students in secondary schools and older should attend special classes on HIV/AIDS prevention focused on prevention of unsafe behavior as well as sexual responsibility and morality， the circular said．
It also pledged financial support for volunteer services．
The circular said HIV/AIDS voluntary counselling and testing services should be improved and schools should encourage students with risky behaviors to use the services．
1. what does the underlined word "circular" in the second paragraph mean？ ______
A. round． B. notice
C. advertisements D. news
2. From the passage， we can infer that ______ ．
A. Students have fully realized the meaning of HIV/AIDS．
B. China's health and education authorities pay little attention to HIV/AIDS issues in Chinese students．
C. students' awareness about HIV/AIDS should be greatly improved．
D. HIV/AIDS infection cases in students have drawn no concern among students．
3. What can be the best title for the text？ ______
A. call for reports on students with HIV．
B. public concerns about HIV/AIDS infection．
C. volunteer services for HIV/AIDS infection cases．
D. to ignore HIV/AIDS infection cases is wrong．
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. C
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了中国卫生和教育部门要求各地学校加强学生艾滋病预防宣传教育，建立完善的防控体系，提高预防艾滋病防范的服务。
【1题详解】
词义猜测题。根据上文The National Health and Family Planning Commission and the Ministry of Education said in a joint与下文infections of the virus among young students saw a marked rise in recent years， a sign of problems in education and students' awareness about HIV/AIDS prevention．可知下文的内容：近年来，青年学生中的病毒感染明显增加，这是教育和学生对艾滋病毒/艾滋病预防意识存在问题的迹象是对circular的具体阐述，其内容是一份公告和通知，由此可见，circular意思为“通知；公告”，故选B。
【2题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段Students in secondary schools and older should attend special classes on HIV/AIDS prevention focused on prevention of unsafe behavior as well as sexual responsibility and morality， the circular said．可知，该通知称，中学及以上年级学生应参加以预防不安全行为以及性责任和道德为重点的艾滋病毒/艾滋病预防特别班。由此可见，应加大提高学生对艾滋病毒/艾滋病的认识，故选C。
【3题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章大意可知，本文主要讲述了中国卫生和教育部门要求各地学校加强学生艾滋病预防宣传教育，建立完善的防控体系，提高预防艾滋病防范的服务。由此可见，题目应为艾滋病毒/艾滋病感染病例提供志愿服务，故选C。
B
Visiting the tiny tropical island of Boao in south China's Hainan Province， it would be hard to imagine a more picturesque or conducive venue for large-scale gatherings． The island boasts an abundance of coconut trees and sunny beaches cooled by the area's customary gentle ocean breeze． The overall atmosphere is one of tranquility．
Against this enviable backdrop， an array of elites drawn from a wide spectrum of society both in China and abroad gathered from March 26 to 29 to pool their wisdom and share their insights on a broad range of topics during the annual Boao Forum for Asia （BFA）． Numbered among them were over 2，000 political leaders， business tycoons and globally renowned academics．
Held under the theme of Asia's New Future： Towards a Community of Common Destiny， this year's forum distinguished itself from previous gatherings through the broader participation of political heavyweights from almost every continent， as represented by the presence of Chinese President Xi Jinping and state leaders from Malaysia， Armenia， Australia， Indonesia， Nepal， Russia， the Netherlands， Thailand， Kazakhstan， Austria and Sweden， among other nations， at the opening ceremony on March 28．
"The original goal of the Boao Forum when it was founded was to build a community of common destiny． I'm glad that we are coming to discussions surrounding this topic，" said Yasuo Fukuda， Chairman of the Board of Directors of the BFA and former Prime Minister of Japan， during the opening ceremony．
"Our friends in Southeast Asia say that the lotus flowers grow taller as the water rises． Our friends in Africa say that if you want to go fast， walk alone； and if you want to go far， walk together． Our friends in Europe say that a single tree cannot block the chilly wind． And Chinese people say that when big rivers have water， the small ones are filled； and when small rivers have water， the big ones are filled，" said Chinese President Xi in the opening speech addressing the importance of international cooperation in boosting common development and illustrating the idea of "a community of common destiny．"
The more specific framework for building such a community in Asia， which was underscored by Xi， included the China-ASEAN community of common destiny and an East Asia economic community for ASEAN， China， Japan and the Republic of Korea （ROK）． The East Asia economic community is scheduled for completion by 2020．
4. The underlined phrase "a single tree cannot block the chilly wind " in Paragraph 5 probably means " ______ "．
A. A friend in need is a friend indeed．
B. The early bird gets the worm．
C. More haste， less speed．
D. One tree can't make a forest．
5. If you are a reporter to interview some leaders attending the Boao Forum this year，you probably will seize the chance on the following day except ______ ．
A. March 26 B. march 28
C. March 29 D. march 21
6. According to the passage， the elites' attitude could be described as ______ ．
A. Doubtful B. Disappointed
C. supportive D. negative
7. What can we infer from the passage？ ______
A. The original goal of the Boao Forum is to build a community of common destiny．
B. The overall atmosphere of the island of Boao is tranquility．
C. The connection among Asian countries are becoming increasingly strong．
D. The Boao Forum is one branch of the United Nations．
【答案】4. D 5. D 6. C 7. C
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了来自中国和海外社会的一群精英聚集在3月26日至29日，并在年度博鳌亚洲论坛期间，凝聚他们的智慧，分享他们对广大领域的见解。
【4题详解】
句意理解题。根据上下文内容可知，Our friends in Europe say that a single tree cannot block the chilly wind．句意为我们在欧洲的朋友说，一棵树不能阻挡寒风。即一棵树不能成为森林。故选D。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段Against this enviable backdrop， an array of elites drawn from a wide spectrum of society both in China and abroad gathered from March 26 to 29 to pool their wisdom and share their insights on a broad range of topics during the annual Boao Forum for Asia （BFA）．可知，如果你是采访今年参加博鳌论坛的一些领导的记者，你可能会在第二天抓住机会，除了3月21日，故选D。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段I'm glad that we are coming to discussions surrounding this topic，" said Yasuo Fukuda， Chairman of the Board of Directors of the BFA and former Prime Minister of Japan， during the opening ceremony．可知，博鳌亚洲论坛董事会主席、前日本首相Yasuo Fukuda表示很高兴参与这次话题讨论，故可推测精英的态度可以说是支持性的。故选C。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段the China-ASEAN community of common destiny and an East Asia economic community for ASEAN， China， Japan and the Republic of Korea （ROK）． The East Asia economic community is scheduled for completion by 2020．习近平强调，亚洲需要建立中国-东盟命运共同体这样一个社区的具体框架。且东亚经济社区计划于2020年完工。可知，亚洲国家之间的联系越来越紧密。故选C。
C
Australia is divided into three separate time zones： Australian Eastern Standard Time （AEST）， Australian Central Standard Time （ACST）， and Australian Western Standard Time （AWST）．
AEST is equal to Coordinated Universal Time plus 10 hours （UTC +10）． ACST is equal to Coordinated Universal Time plus 9½ hours （UTC +9½）． AWST is equal to Coordinated Universal Time plus 8 hours （UTC +8）．
Australian Eastern Standard Time （AEST） covers the eastern states of Queensland， New South Wales， Victoria， Tasmania and the Australian Capital Territory （ACT）． AEST is equal to Coordinated Universal Time plus 10 hours （UTC +10）
Australian Central Standard Time （ACST） covers the state of South Australia， the town of Broken Hill in western New South Wales and the Northern Territory． ACST is equal to Coordinated Universal Time plus 9½ hours （UTC +9½）．
Australian Western Standard Time （AWST） covers the state of Western Australia． AWST is equal to Coordinated Universal Time plus 8 hours （UTC +8）．
Does Australia observe daylight saving time？
In the Australian summer， New South Wales， Victoria， South Australia， Tasmania and the ACT turn their clocks forward one hour to Daylight Saving Time （DST）． Daylight Saving Time begins at 2am （AEST） on the first Sunday in October and ends at 3am （Australian Eastern Daylight Time） on the first Sunday in April．
NSW， ACT， Victoria and Tasmania move from AEST to Australian Eastern Daylight Time （AEDT）， UTC +11． South Australia and the NSW town of Broken Hill move from ACST to Australian Central Daylight Time （ACDT）， UTC +10½．
Daylight saving is not observed in Queensland， the Northern Territory or Western Australia．
How many hours will I gain/lose traveling to Australia？ The International Date Line crossing the Pacific Ocean changes the date by one day． If you cross the date line moving east， you subtract a day； if travelling west you add on a day （with local variations）． Travelling direct from Los Angeles or London to Australia you arrive two days later； travelling back， you arrive the same day you departed．
8. How many time zones are there in Australia？ ______
A. one B. two
C. three D. four
9. Daylight saving could be observed in ______ ．
A. Queensland B. the Northern Territory
C. Western Australia D. Victoria
10. Does Australia observe daylight saving time？ ______
A. yes B. no
C. uncertain D. the author doesn't mention it．
11. suppose that you go to Australia directly from Buckingham Palace on March 8， then you probably arrive at Australia on ______ ．
A. March 7 B. March 10
C. March 9 D. March 6
【答案】8. C 9. D 10. A 11. B
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了澳大利亚分为三个独立的时区：澳大利亚东部标准时间（AEST），澳大利亚中部标准时间（ACST）和澳大利亚西部标准时间（AWST）。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段Australia is divided into three separate time zones： Australian Eastern Standard Time （AEST）， Australian Central Standard Time （ACST）， and Australian Western Standard Time （AWST）．澳大利亚分为三个独立的时区：澳大利亚东部标准时间（AEST），澳大利亚中部标准时间（ACST）和澳大利亚西部标准时间（AWST）。可知，澳大利亚有三个时区。故选C。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第七段 In the Australian summer， New South Wales， Victoria， South Australia， Tasmania and the ACT turn their clocks forward one hour to Daylight Saving Time （DST）．可知，在维多利亚州可以观察到夏令时。故选D。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据第七段 In the Australian summer， New South Wales， Victoria， South Australia， Tasmania and the ACT turn their clocks forward one hour to Daylight Saving Time （DST）．可知，澳大利亚遵守夏令时。故选A。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段 If you cross the date line moving east， you subtract a day； if travelling west you add on a day （with local variations）．（如果你穿越日界线东移动,时间需要减去一天；如果向西去，时间需要增加一天。）可知，假设您于3月8日直接从白金汉宫前往澳大利亚，那么您可能会在3月10日抵达澳大利亚。故选B。
D
A year ago， Jiao Wenchao， 31 and a college teacher， suddenly realized that he was having hearing problems． The problem grew to such a degree that he decided to seek professional help at a local hospital in Beijing． An examination suggested that both his ears were losing the ability to hear high frequency sounds．
The doctor told him that the problem was caused by over exposure to high frequency and loud noise， including from his earphones．
Neurological hearing loss， as in Jiao's case， is usually caused by exposure to unsafe noise levels， says Pan Tao， an otologist from the Peking University Third Hospital in Beijing． His department receives around 10 patients who have neurological hearing impairment like Jiao every day．
"Such patients are increasing in recent years． Even some teenagers are among them，" says Pan． "And during our investigations， we find that many of them follow bad habits such as making phone calls or listening to music for too long and at high volume．"
A recent report by the World Health Organization has warned that some 1.1 billion teenagers and young adults are at risk of hearing loss due to the unsafe use of personal audio devices， including smart phones． Data from studies in middle-and high-income countries analyzed by WHO indicate that among teenagers and young adults aged between 12 and 35， nearly 50 percent were exposed to unsafe levels of sound from personal audio devices and around 40 percent were exposed to potentially damaging levels of sound at entertainment venues．
According to the study， safe listening depends on the intensity or loudness of sound， as well as the duration and frequency of listening． When the exposure is particularly loud， regular or prolonged， it could lead to permanent damage of the ear's sensory cells， it says．
The study results have grabbed wide attention on the internet in China． Many internet users admit that compared with more noticeable health problems like eyesight loss， hearing loss has been largely neglected． Pan says such impairment is usually neglected even by patients themselves as it is usually in the high frequency section， which means that those who suffer it can still carry out daily communication unaffected．
"Often the problem is only found out when they visit our hospital to seek help for more noticeable symptoms like tinnitus，" says Pan． He also says that timely treatment is critical． "This is because sometimes the hearing loss is temporary and can be cured with therapy， including medicine． However， it can become irreversible if the problem is not properly treated within the first two or three months．
"But many people miss the best time to get treated because they do not even realize the existence of the problem．"
After Jiao's first check a year ago， the doctor prescribed Jiao medicine to tackle the problem． However， Jiao returned to the hospital recently， and found that the situation had not improved much． "I understand now that the impairment may be irreversible，" says Jiao． "So， I must pay attention to my habit of using earphones， and avoid harmful environmental noises， too．"
To mark International Ear Care Day， celebrated each year on March 3， WHO has launched the "Make Listening Safe" initiative to draw attention to the dangers of unsafe listening and promote safer practices．
The WHO study has suggested that unsafe levels of sounds could be exposure to in excess of 85 decibels for eight hours or 100 dB for 15 minutes， such as noise at nightclubs， bars， sporting events and other entertainment venues．
The study also warns that hearing loss has potentially devastating consequences for physical and mental health， education and employment． It says teenagers and young people can better protect their hearing by keeping the volume down on personal audio devices， wearing earplugs when visiting noisy venues， and using carefully fitted， and， if possible， noise-canceling earphones or headphones．
12. According to the study， safe listening depends on ______ ．
A. The intensity of sound．
B. The loudness of sound．
C. The duration and frequency of listening．
D. All of the above．
13. Jiao Wenchao's problem， according to the doctor， was caused by a series of reasons except ______ ．
A. Congenital diseases．
B. Overuse of earphones．
C. Over exposure to loud noise．
D. Over exposure to high frequency noise．
14. which of the following is wrong？ ______
A. Patients， like Jiao Wenchao， are merely limited to adults．
B. Sometimes the hearing loss is temporary and can be cured with therapy．
C. In Jiao Wenchao's case， timely treatment is critical．
D. WHO has launched some initiatives to draw attention to the dangers of unsafe listening．
15. what can we infer from the text？ ______
A. It is harmful to stay in bars for hearing for a while．
B. Environmental noises have no effects on people．
C. People working at nightclubs are apt to lose hearing ability．
D. Patients suffering from listening loss would immediately realize the importance of treatment．
【答案】12. D 13. A 14. A 15. C
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了听力安全问题。根据一项研究发现，安全的听力取决于声音的强度或响度，以及听力的持续时间和频率。报告说，当暴露的声音特别大、规律或持续时间过长时，可能会导致人类耳朵听力受损。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第六段According to the study， safe listening depends on the intensity or loudness of sound， as well as the duration and frequency of listening．可知安全的听力取决于声音的强度或响度，以及听力的持续时间和频率。报告说，当暴露的声音特别大、规律或持续时间过长时，可能会导致耳朵感觉细胞的永久性损伤。根据分析得知，故选D。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段 The doctor told him that the problem was caused by over exposure to high frequency and loud noise， including from his earphones．可知医生告诉他，这个问题是由于过度暴露在高频和大噪音下造成的，包括他的耳机。Congenital diseases先天性疾病，没有提及，选A。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第五段内容可知，世界卫生组织分析的中高收入国家的研究数据表明，在12岁的青少年和35岁中年人之间，近50%的人暴露在来自个人音频设备的不安全音量下，约40%的人暴露在娱乐场所潜在的有害音量下。由此可见，A选项：像Jiao Wenchao的病人仅限于成年人。是错误的，故选A。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段The WHO study has suggested that unsafe levels of sounds could be exposure to in excess of 85 decibels for eight hours or 100 dB for 15 minutes， such as noise at nightclubs， bars， sporting events and other entertainment venues．可知世卫组织的研究表明，不安全的声音水平可能会在超过85分贝的环境中持续8小时，或在超过100分贝的环境中持续15分钟，如夜总会、酒吧、体育赛事和其他娱乐场所的噪音。由此可见，在夜总会工作的人容易丧失听力。故选C。
二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共10.0分）
According to a sales report from askci．com on 2018's Double Eleven， the national shopping day， women's down garments were among the top 10 hit products．
Statistics show that down garments have been popular for many years in both northern and southern China．___16___．Especially during a fiercely cold winter，___17___， cares about being stylish？
All you need is warmth -- the very light from heaven， which down garments can provide you with． However， as living standards rise， more expensive garments filled with goose down， instead of duck down， have appeared in the market．
___18___．what's the difference between the down from these two creatures？ First， the down from mature geese is larger and thicker， which makes garments filled with goose down much warmer． Second， goose down is more flexible and fluffier than that of ducks．___19___， goose down has no strange odor． Geese are often "vegetarians" and eat clean， while ducks are omnivorous， which could give their feathers and down a strong scent．___20___．
However， duck down is still a good choice if you live in place where winter is windy， yet not that cold．
If you still want be stylish…
Although most down garments can make people look big and sloppy， you could choose longer ones for a slimming look． For colors， metallic hues are more fashionable and pair more easily with other street-style outfits in your wardrobe．
A．Goose or duck？
B．It seems the strong warmth provided by down garments has been nationally approved．
C．These are the advantages that account for the higher prices of garments made with goose down．
D．when you shudder in the wind．
E．How to choose your down garment．
F．The last difference is key for people sensitive to smells．
G．You may like goose garment better．
【答案】16. B 17. E
18. A 19. C
20. F
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了女式羽绒服在中国已经流行多年，羽绒服的保暖性能似乎已经得到了全国的认可。
【16题详解】
根据后文They have been popular for many years in China．（它们在中国已经流行多年了。）可知羽绒服所提供的强烈的温暖似乎已经得到了全国的认可。故选B。
【17题详解】
根据下文cares about being stylish？关心是否时尚？可知本句应为提出“如何选择羽绒服”，符合文意，故选E。
【18题详解】
根据后文First，the down from mature geese is larger and thicker，which makes garments filled with goose down much warmer．Second，goose down is more flexible than that of ducks．The last difference is key for people sensitive to smells：Compared to duck down，goose down has no strange smell．可知首先，成熟鹅的绒毛更大更厚，这使得鹅绒的衣服更暖和；其次，鹅绒比鸭子的柔软．最后一个区别是人们对气味敏感的关键：鹅绒比鸭绒异味少。可知A项：Goose or duck？选鹅绒还是鸭绒？符合文意，故选A。
【19题详解】
根据前文goose down is more flexible and fluffier than that of ducks，鹅绒比鸭绒更柔软、更蓬松。可知这些都是鹅绒服装价格更高的原因。符合语境，故选C。
【20题详解】
根据前文Ducks do not eat clean diet， which could give their feathers a strong scent．（鸭子不吃干净的食物，这会给它们的羽毛一种强烈的气味。）smell可对应到 F项中的smells，指出：最后一个区别是对气味敏感的人的关键，符合文意，故选F。
三、完形填空（本大题共20小题，共30.0分）
Earlier this week Sir Elton John expressed ___21___about how his young son， Zachary， might be___22___when he goes to school．
He fears he might face bullying because his parents are gay and Britain can still be homophobic． He may be right， though in all the schools I know， children come now___23___every type of family circumstance， and don't think___24___about it．
Nevertheless， the playground can be cruel and adults need to be vigilant．
But Elton John's anxiety made me think more generally about ___25___our children experience childhood and what we want___26___them from it． Of course， childhood is not a stage in life ___27___by our biology but a human convention． This is why we can sometimes get in a muddle about it， especially about the point of transition to adulthood． We send mixed messages when we tell our children different stories about their level of maturity in relation___28___getting married， casting a vote， taking out a loan， ___29___for their country， and so on．
I once had___30___argument with someone___31___passionately believed that the age of criminal responsibility should be raised from ten to 16， even 18． We have to remember，" she said， "that these young people are children．" I was not___32___， but all the time I kept hearing some words of my own teenage son， words ___33___parents hear at some time， "Dad， stop treating me like a child．
"At one time getting a job was the rite of passage out of childhood． But now unemployment suspends many young people___34___childhood and the adult world with___35___helpful precedents as to how to live well in this in-between existence． In the gospels， there's just one reference to the childhood of Jesus， though a significant one． It's the story of a 12-year-old who gets taken by his parents to Jerusalem and inadvertently left behind when they and their extended family returned home． Mary and Joseph go looking for Jesus and find him in the temple， listening to the teachers and asking them questions．
I find it striking that in an age___36___children would be valued not so much for their own sakes． as for___37___they would become， productive workers and reproductive mothers， that these busy and learned men take childhood ___38___， make time for a young boy and pay him attention．
And the child， we are told， grew in wisdom． The story takes us to the heart of what___39___a good childhood． The challenge is about how far we can offer our children this kind of interaction． For parents it's not easy．
If both have to work and work means long journeys， it's not surprising that in our exhaustion we___40___on the television and computer． But keeping children occupied is not the same as giving them our attention．"
21. A. Sadness B. pleasure C. anxieties D. hatred
22. A. Scolded B. beat C. praised D. treated
23. A. From B. away C. in D. off
24. A. Once B. twice C. / D. nothing
25. A. what B. why C. how D. when
26. A. for B. with C. about D. of
27. A. determine B. to determine C. determining D. determined
28. A. by B. with C. to D. of
29. A. fighting B. arguing C. voting D. leaving
30. A. the B. a C. an D. /
31. A. when B. where C. who D. whom
32. A. sympathetic B. sympathy C. sympathize D. unsympathetic
33. A. many B. much C. no D. most
34. A. both B. between C. among D. about
35. A. a few B. few C. a little D. more
36. A. why B. when C. where D. whenever
37. A. what B. whom C. which D. whether
38. A. normally B. seriously C. freely D. carelessly
39. A. makes up B. makes of C. makes for D. makes sense
40. A. fall down B. fall back C. fall behind D. fall off
【答案】21. C 22. D 23. A 24. B 25. C 26. A 27. D 28. C 29. A 30. C 31. C 32. D 33. D 34. B 35. B 36. B 37. A 38. B 39. C 40. D
【解析】
这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲了孩子的童年是非常关键的一段时期，作为父母应该如何帮助孩子更好地过渡到大人世界。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。A. sadness难过，B. pleasure乐趣，C. anxieties焦虑，D. hatred仇恨。根据下文的He fears he might face bullying可知，Elton John表达了他的焦虑，故答案为C。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。A. scolded训斥，B. beat打，C. praised表扬，D. treated对待。此处指他表达了儿子Zachary去上学可能被怎样对待，故答案为D。
【23题详解】
考查介词的辨析。A. from来自；B. away离去；C. in在……里面；D. off脱离；切断。此处指学生来自不同的家庭背景，使用come from“来自”，故答案为A。
【24题详解】
考查固定搭配。4. A. once一次；曾经；B. twice两次；C. /不填；D. nothing没有。句意：学生来自各种类型的家庭背景，没有对此进行三思。短语think twice about，“仔细考虑；三思而行”故答案为B。
【25题详解】
考查引导词的辨析。句意：但是Elton John的焦虑让我更多地想到我们的孩子是如何经历童年的，使用how引导宾语从句，故答案为C。
【26题详解】
考查介词的辨析。A. for对于；B. with和；C. about关于；D. of关于；属于。句意：我们想要孩子从中学得什么，使用for，表示"对于孩子而言"，故答案为A。
【27题详解】
考查非谓语动词辨析。A. determine决定；B. to determine确定；C. determining决定；D. determined决定了的。此处指童年不是由生理上决定的一个人生阶段，而是由人类习俗决定的，stage与determine构成被动的关系，故答案为D。
【28题详解】
考查介词的辨析。8. A. by借助；B. with和；C. to到；向；D. of属于。此处考查"与…相关"使用短语in relation to，故答案为C。
【29题详解】
考查动词的辨析。A. fighting斗争，B. arguing争辩，C. voting选举，D. leaving离开，此处指为国家而斗争，故答案为A。
【30题详解】
考查冠词的辨析。句意：我曾经和某人有过争辩。短语have an argument with sb．“和某人争辩”，故答案为C。
【31题详解】
考查引导词的辨析。句子先行词是someone，指人，在从句中做主语，使用who引导定语从句，故答案为C。
【32题详解】
考查形容词辨析。A. sympathetic同情心的，B. sympathy名词：同情，C. sympathize动词：同情，D. unsympathetic没有同情心的，我并不是没有同情心的，故答案为D。
【33题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。A. many许多；B. much许多；C. no没有；D. most大多数。句意：我经常听到我的青少年儿子说的话，这话也是大多数父母有时候会听到的，使用most，故答案为D。
【34题详解】
考查介词辨析。A. both都，B. between之间，C. among（三者及以上）之间，D. about关于，但是现在失业暂缓了很多孩子从童年跨越到成人世界，故答案为B。
【35题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。A. a few一些；B. few很少；C. a little一点儿；D. more更多。句意：关于如何才能在这样的过渡期很好的生存，只有很少的几个有帮助的先例。因此使用否定意义的few"很少的"，故答案为B。
【36题详解】
考查连词辨析。句子先行词age，在定语从句中充当时间状语，因此使用when引导，故答案为B。
【37题详解】
考查连词辨析。for后面的宾语从句，从句缺少become的宾语，因此使用表示"什么"的what引导，故答案为A。
【38题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。A. normally正常地，B. seriously严肃地，C. freely自由地，D. carelessly粗心地。这些繁忙以及学识渊博的人很认真地对待童年，使用短语take sth. seriously“认真对待”，故答案为B。
【39题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。A. makes up组成，B. makes of理解，C. makes for有利于，D. makes sense有意义。这个故事告诉我们什么对于孩子的童年是有利的，故答案为C。
【40题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。A. fall down摔倒; B. fall back后退;C. fall behind落后;D. fall off跌落;变坏。如果两个人都要忙于工作，那我们最终会疲惫到倒在电视或电脑前，故答案为D。
四
语法填空
Non-Hermitian wave engineering is ___41___recent and fast-moving field that examines both fundamental and application-oriented phenomena． One such phenomenon is coherent perfect absorption-an effect commonly ___42___（refer） to as ‘anti-lasing' because it corresponds to the time-reversed process of coherent emission of radiation at the lasing threshold （where all radiation losses are exactly balanced by the optical gain）．
Coherent perfect absorbers have been ___43___（experimental）realized in several setups． with the notable exception of a CPA ___44___a disordered medium． Such a ‘random CPA' would be the time-reverse of a ‘random laser， in___45___light is resonantly enhanced by multiple scattering inside a disorder． Because of the___46___（complex） of this scattering process， the light field emitted by a random laser is also spatially complex and not focused like a regular laser beam． Realizing a random CPA （or ‘random anti-laser'） is therefore___47___（challenge） because it requires the equivalent of time-reversing such a light field in all___48___degrees of freedom to create coherent radiation that is perfectly absorbed when ___49___（impinge） on a disordered medium． Here we use microwave technology___50___（build） a random anti-laser and demonstrate its ability to absorb suitably engineered incoming radiation fields with near-perfect efficiency．
【答案】41. a 42. referred
43. experimentally
44. in 45. which
46. complexity
47. challenging
48. its 49. impinging
50. to build
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了一种抗激光效应以及其实验应用。
【41题详解】
考查冠词。句意：是一个快速发展的领域，表示泛指“一个领域”，故填a。
【42题详解】
考查非谓语。refer to与effect是动宾关系，故填过去分词做后置定语，故填referred。
【43题详解】
考查副词。修饰动词realize需要副词形式，故填experimentally。
【44题详解】
考查介词。短语in a disordered medium表示“在无序介质中”，故填介词in。
【45题详解】
考查定语从句连接词。本句为定语从句修饰先行词random laser，先行词在定语从句中做宾语，指物，故填关系代词which
【46题详解】
考查名词。because of后面接名词或名词短语，故填complexity。
【47题详解】
考查形容词。is是系动词，故填形容词作表语，故填challenging。
【48题详解】
考查代词。degrees为名词，需要形容词修饰，本句中表示“在它的自由程度上”，故填its。
【49题详解】
考查省略以及非谓语动词。when引导的时间状语从句省略了it is，故填impinging。
【50题详解】
考查非谓语动词。use sth. to do sth.“用某物做某事”后跟不定式做目的状语，故填to build。
五
51.短文改错
No one lives without a dream． If the path is smooth or tough， we are on the way to achieve it． As a senior 3 student， I have the same dream as my classmates that I can be admitted with an ideal university． In the past three years， I had done everything I can to equip myself with that I have learned from my teachers． Not only have I enjoyed the pleasure of study but also I have got closer in my dream． anxiety and pressure discourage me now and then． However， with the discouragement of my teachers and classmates， I think I will make out it．
I'm sure that there is still a long way to go to achieve my dream． No matter how challenged it is， I will make it come true． as the proverb said． "where there is a will， there is a way．''
【答案】1． If→Whether
2． achieve→achieving
3． with→to/into
4． had→have
5． that→what
6． in→to
7． discouragement →encouragement
8．去掉 out
9． challenged→challenging
10． said→says
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。作者在本文告诉我们与其他的同学一样，作者自己也有梦想，希望能进入一所理想的大学，并将在老师和同学们的鼓励下，克服困难，不断努力，争取实现自己的梦想。
【详解】1.考查连接词。句型whether…or表示“无论是否”，故If改为Whether。
2.考查非谓语动词。短语on the way to doing表示“即将做”后跟-ing形式，故achieve改为achieving。
3.考查介词。短语be admitted to/into表示“被…录取”，故with改为to或into。
4.考查时态。短语in the past+时间段，应与现在完成时态连用，故had改为have。
5.考查名词性从句连接词。句意：我向老师学习来武装我自己。what引导宾语从句并充当从句的宾语，指事，that只起连接作用。故that改为what。
6.考查介词。短语get close to表示“靠近”后跟介词to。故in改为to。
7.考查名词。句意：在老师和同学的鼓励下。表示“鼓励；激励”应用名词encouragement，故discouragement改为encouragement。
8.考查介词。句意：是在老师和同学们的鼓励下，我相信我能成功。短语make it意为"成功；做到"，故删去out。
9.考查形容词。句意：是无论多么困难，我都将实现我的梦想。主语是it，指物，故用-ing结尾形容词修饰，故challenged改为challenging。
10.考查时态。描述现在的事情用一般现在时，主语为单数名词，所以用第三人称单数谓语。故said改为says。
六、书面表达（本大题共1小题，共25.0分）
52.假如你是李华，是一名高中生。近几年来，随着环保意识的增强，各地相继颁布禁止在春节期间燃放鞭炮的决定。请你进一步解释说明禁放鞭炮对的益处，号召人们不断提高自我意识，贡献自己的一份力量。
注意：1．字数100左右；
2．可适当增加细节，使行文连贯
3．参考词汇；鞭炮 firecrackers
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 Many cities ban the firecrackers during the Spring Festival and I completely approve it because it is beneficial to us.
First, banning firecrackers will protect the environment for they create trash and pollute the air. And for many of us, the noise made by firecrackers disrupts the sleep and causes stress. So we can have a more comfortable and quieter life if firecrackers are forbidden during the Spring Festival. What’s more, there have been incidents every year of firecracker users being blinded, losing body parts or suffering other injuries so there will be less injures if we refuse firecrackers.
Now it’s time for us to say no to the firecrackers and contribute more to the environment, to the life of ourselves!
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇应用文写作。
【详解】第1步：根据提示可知，本篇为一篇议论文；假如你是李华，是一名高中生。近几年来，随着环保意识的增强，各地相继颁布禁止在春节期间燃放鞭炮的决定。请你进一步解释说明禁放鞭炮对的益处，号召人们不断提高自我意识，贡献自己的一份力量。
第2步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组），如：firecrackers（鞭炮），the Spring Festival（春节），be beneficial to（有益于），disrupt（破坏）；contribute more to（贡献更多）等。
第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。
本文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。另外全文中没有中国式英语句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。
【点睛】范文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式，如First, banning firecrackers will protect the environment for they create trash and pollute the air. 运用了动名词短语做主语；What’s more, there have been incidents every year of firecracker users being blinded, losing body parts or suffering other injuries so there will be less injures if we refuse firecrackers. there be句型的运用。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。
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