2019届上海市长宁区高三二模英语试题（解析版）

2018学年第二学期高三英语教学质量检测试卷
(满分140分)
I. Listening Comprehension
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1.

A. Teacher and student. B. Father and daughter.
C. Manager and secretary. D. Customer and shop assistant.
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】M: Miss White, I need you to work this Sunday.
W: Oh, must I, Mr. Brown? I plan to do some shopping for my mother on Sunday.
Q: What’s the probable relationship between the two speakers?
男人叫女人周天也去工作，说明是同事关系，C项经理和秘书最符合，故选C项。

2.

A. In a museum. B. In a taxi. C. On a bus. D. On a bridge.
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】M: Good morning, Madam. Where do you want to go?
W: Good morning. I’d like to go to the Shanghai Museum. But at this time of the day, the traffic on the bridge is not so good, I think the tunnel might be a better choice.
Q: Where does the conversation probably take place?
男人问对方想去哪儿。女人回答说想去上海博物馆，并说现在桥上交通情况不好，走隧道比较好，说明双方是在出租车上，还没出发。故选B项。

3.

A. Get into the car. B. Carry the bags.
C. Hurry to drive the car. D. Search for the bags.
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】W: Mark, could you help me get these bags to my car?
M: Well, I’m in a bit of hurry but sure, I can.
Q: What will the man probably do next?
女人请求男人帮她把袋子拿到车上去，男人回答说虽然有点急，但是会帮忙。说明男人接下来会拿袋子，故选B项。

4.

A. Reading newspapers. B. Writing up local news.
C. Talking about sports. D. Putting up advertisements.
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】W: Would you pass me the sports section please?
M: Sure, if you give me the entertainment and local-news sections.
Q: What are the speakers probably doing?
对话中有运动板块，娱乐和当地新闻板块，说明两人可能在看报纸，在互换报纸看，故选A项。

5.

A. She will have coffee at school. B. She will stay for breakfast.
C. She loves to grab a coffee on the way. D. She needs to eat before school.
【答案】D
【解析】
详解】M: Can you stay for a cup of coffee?
W: I’d love to, but I have to grab something to eat before class.
Q: What does the woman mean?
女方说她要在上课前抓点东西吃，故选D项。

6.

A. He partly agrees with the woman. B. He’s missed an important point.
C. He considers the woman competitive. D. He’s wholly been lost in a colorful life.
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】W: Nowadays life for the young people is interesting and full of variety.
M: On the whole, it is true. But you can’t miss the point that it is very competitive.
Q: What does the man mean?
女人说现如今年轻人的生活有趣并多变。男人回答说，在大体上是的，但是不能忽略年轻人的生活也具有竞争性。说明男人部分同意女人的话，故选A项。

7.

A. Mary must be caught in heavy traffic. B. Mary probably will not come.
C. The woman was obviously not fond of Mary. D. The woman forgot to tell Mary to come.
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】W: I can’t imagine why Mary hasn’t arrived yet. She should be here by now.
M: It’s the rush hour obviously.
Q: What does the man imply?
女人问为什么Mary还没到。男人回答说很明显现在是上下班高峰时期(rush hour),上下班高峰时间交通很堵，所以男人是想说Mary可能被交通堵塞困住了，选A。

8.

A. The tennis game won’t last long. B. Weather forecasts are not reliable.
C. They could stick to their plan. D. They’d better change their mind.
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】M: If it is this hot tomorrow, we may as well give up the idea of playing tennis.
W: But the weather forecast says it will cloud over by tomorrow morning.
Q: What does the woman imply?
女人说要是天气明天像（今天）这么热的话，还是放弃打网球的念头好。男人回答说天气预报说明天早上是多云，他想暗示天气很好，可以打网球，故选C项。

9.

A. Stay till tomorrow evening. B. Leave for Beijing with Jack.
C. Go to the airport after work. D. Ask someone else for help.
【答案】D
【解析】
详解】M: I’m leaving for Beijing tomorrow at noon. Could you take me to the airport?
W: Sorry, I will be working then. Why not see if Jack can help you?
Q: What does the woman suggest the man do?
女人回答说她那时候会在工作，要他问一问Jack, 也就是女人建议男人寻求别人的帮助。故选D项。

10.

A. The man doesn’t like his new suit. B. The new suit is a reminder for the man.
C. The new suit doesn’t fit the man. D. The man forgets to wear his new suit.
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】W: Have you had a chance to wear your new suit yet?
M: That reminds me I’ve been thinking about exchanging it for a larger size.
Q: What can we learn from the conversation?
女人问男人是否有机会穿他的新西服，男人回答说她一直在考虑换个大点的码子，说明男人的衣服不适合，他才想换码子，故选C项。

Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear several longer conversation(s) and short passage(s), and you will be asked several questions on each of the conversation(s) and the passage(s). The conversation(s) and the passage(s) will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions are based on the following speech.

11.
A. Educators from South Africa. B. Teenagers fond of cooking.
C. Students eager to make friends. D. Photographers around the world.
12.
A. Brainstorming ideas in one’s group first. B. Avoiding using cooking oil.
C. Sending a sample dish before May. D. Creating one’s own dish.
13.
A. To announce a cook competition. B. To start a cook festival on campus.
C. To advertise a local cook course. D. To organise a cook show in South Africa.
【答案】11. B 12. D 13. A
【解析】
Are you between 14 and 16 years old? Are you good at cooking? Even better, are you an outstanding cook? Can you think of new ways to make delicious food that will have your friends queuing up for seconds? Have you always wanted to go to the Let’s Cook Festival in South Africa? Then this is the competition for you!
All you have to do is send us some photos of your dish, including ingredients and cooking instructions. But it not only has to look great, it also has to be healthy. So, try to include lots of fruit or vegetables; and don’t use too much salt or sugar or cooking oil, as these are not so healthy. And it has to be all yours. You cannot ask for help from anybody else except yourself because we are only interested in your unique idea.
Once you are happy with what you have created, send your entry form together with your name, age and address, to letscookfestivalsouthafrica.za by the end of April. Winners will be officially announced by the festival organisers on the website in May, and you could be joining famous cooks at the next let’s Cook Festival. Good luck!
Questions:
Who are the target listeners of this speech?
Which of the following is among the requirements for the activity?
Why does the speaker deliver this speech?
【11题详解】
根据第一段开头“Are you between 14 and 16 years old? Are you good at cooking? Even better, are you an outstanding cook?”可知这篇演讲针对的是在14-16期间，喜欢做饭的人，也就是喜欢做饭的青少年，故选B项。
【12题详解】
根据第二段“All you have to do is send us some photos of your dish, including ingredients and cooking instructions.”可知参与者需要发一些自己创作的菜肴的照片，说明要求参与者要自创菜肴，故选D项。
【13题详解】
根据第一段“Then this is the competition for you!”可知演讲者要介绍一个烹饪比赛，故选A。

Questions are based on the following speech.

14.
A. Guitarists are vital to a pop group. B. Guitar tutors aren’t difficult to find.
C. Guitar players have more chances to travel. D. Beginners don’t make noise with the guitar.
15. A. About 60 years. B. About 500 years. C. About 1000 years. D. About 2000 years.
16.
A. Indians played the lute with a bow. B. The guitar originated in Spain.
C. The sitar took root in British music. D. The Beatles relied a lot on the brass.
17.
A. Reasons for the popularity of the guitar. B. Some interesting facts about the guitar.
C. Various kinds of guitars in the world. D. Stories of some famous guitar players.
【答案】14. D 15. A 16. B 17. B
【解析】
Wherever pop music is played there is at least one guitar player in the group. Even the smallest pop group will usually consist of a guitarist, an electronic keyboard player and a drummer. The reasons for the popularity of the guitar are easy to understand. Guitars make a pleasant sound even when played by beginners; they can be easily carried from place to place; and they are comparatively cheap to buy.
However, the guitar was not widely used for playing popular music until about the mid-twentieth century. Before then most bands relied more on brass, wind and stringed instruments that were played with a bow, not pulled with fingers like a guitar. The guitar didn’t take over as the most widely played instrument until groups such as the Beatles, an international famous British pop group, became popular. Maybe this is a bit surprising because the guitar and similar instruments have been played worldwide for centuries. It has been popular as an instrument played alone and to accompany singers. Although the guitar itself is of Spanish origin, the very similar instrument called lute was played in England a thousand years ago. In India, another instrument similar to the guitar named sitar has been part of Indian music for centuries, and there are also pulled stringed instruments in Japan and China.
Questions:
Which of the following is one of the reasons mentioned for the popularity of the guitar?
How long has the guitar been widely used for playing pop music so far?
Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
What is the speaker mainly talking about?
【14题详解】
根据“The reasons for the popularity of the guitar are easy to understand. Guitars make a pleasant sound even when played by beginners;”可知吉他受欢迎的原因之一就是新手也能用吉他弹出悦耳的声音，故选D。
【15题详解】
根据“However, the guitar was not widely used for playing popular music until about the mid-twentieth century.”可知知道20世纪中期吉他才被广泛使用，20世纪中期到如今过大约是60多年，故选A项。
【16题详解】
根据“. Although the guitar itself is of Spanish origin,”可知吉他来自西班牙，故选B项。
【17题详解】
文章主要讲了关于吉他的一些有趣的事实，比如吉他到20世纪中期才流行起来，吉他来源于西班牙，与吉他相似的乐器还有中国的琵琶等。A选项只是文章的一小部分，C,D选项没有出现在听力材料中。综合选B项。

Questions are based on the following speech.

18.
A. It sells things from ancient Egypt. B. It looks like an Egyptian giant.
C. It brings a feel of a different world. D. It offers a wide range of cheeses.
19.
A. Produced by the department store itself. B. Supplied by a nearby small town.
C. Collected from the outside of the building. D. Obtained from the numerous light bulbs.
20.
A. Customers spend £1.5 million or so per day. B. Around 30,000 customers come per day.
C. There is a big increase in customers and sales. D. Customer flow and sales are quite unsteady.
【答案】18. C 19. A 20. C
【解析】
M: Tell me, Margaret, what makes Harrods Department Store so famous?
W: Well, it’s the biggest department store in the UK. Its Food Hall and Egyptian Hall are very famous.
M: What is special about the Food Hall?
W: It sells different kinds of food. For example, it has 250 kinds of cheeses from all over the world.
M: That’s amazing! And why is the Egyptian Hall so famous?
W: Well, when people see it they feel they’re in another world. It looks like an Egyptian building from 4000 years ago. And it sells beautiful objects. They are not 4,000 years old, of course.
M: Is it true that Harrods produces its own electricity?
W: Yes, it does. About 70%, which is enough for a small town. To light the outside of the building, we use 11,500 light bulbs.
M: Really! Tell me, how many customers do you have on an average day?
W: About 30,000 people come on an average day. But during the January sales, the number increases to 300,000 customers a day.
M: How much do they spend?
W: Well, on average customers spend about £1.5 million a day. During the January sales, the record for one day is £9 million.
M: £9 million in one day?
W: Yes, in the first of the January sales.
M: That’s unbelievable!
Questions:
Why is the Egyptian Hall so famous?
How does Harrods get most of its power?
What can we know about the business during the January sales?
【18题详解】
根据对话中的“M: That’s amazing! And why is the Egyptian Hall so famous?
W: Well, when people see it they feel they’re in another world. It looks like an Egyptian building from 4000 years ago. And it sells beautiful objects.”可知埃及大厅出名的原因是人们在埃及大厅里的时候感觉他们在另一个世界，埃及大厅看起来像是来自4000年前的埃及建筑。故选C项。
【19题详解】
根据对话中“Is it true that Harrods produces its own electricity?W: Yes, it does. About 70%, which is enough for a small town.”可知这里70%的电力都是Harrods自己生产的，故选A项。
【20题详解】
根据：“About 30,000 people come on an average day. But during the January sales, the number increases to 300,000 customers a day.可知一月每天游客日均30万，平常是3万，根据“Well, on average customers spend about £1.5 million a day. During the January sales, the record for one day is £9 million.”可知平常每个顾客日均消费150万英镑，而到了一月，记录是一天900万英镑，综合可知在一月销售期间顾客人数和销售额都有了很大的增长。故选C项。
”

II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
To any soldier
I served as a second lieutenant (少尉) in a war thirty years ago. Married for only a year and a half, I missed my wife and baby daughter a lot. In the years before cell phones and Wi-Fi, we had limited opportunities ___21___ (communicate) with loved ones.
One night while sitting by myself, I investigated the “Any Soldier” mailbox, a cardboard box with letters and packages from Americans. I chose one shoebox-size package. Inside I found about 20 greeting cards ___22___ children. At the bottom was a letter written by their teacher ___23___ (explain) how her kids had put the box together and how they supported our efforts in the war. Truly touched at that very moment by this gesture, I decided to write a letter of gratitude. I thanked the teacher for ___24___ her children had done—its impact on my patriotism, my morale, and, ___25___ (significantly), my uplifted faith. For security reasons, I was able to sign only my name.
Around 2013, I received a Facebook friend request from a woman with ___26___ I shared no contacts. I replied that ___27___ we were friends, I could not accept her request. She responded with one question: “Are you Second Lieutenant Bartholomew?” I replied that I had been at one time.
“Dear sir,” she wrote. “We have never met, but thirty years ago I was a second-grade teacher at a school in Ohio and our classroom sent a care package ___28___ (address) to ‘Any Service Member.’ The thank-you letter you composed was framed and it ___29___ (post) on the wall of the school for more than 20 years. I wanted to again thank you for your service to our country.”
We never spoke again, but this gracious teacher strengthened my belief in doing what my mother always taught me: Write thank-you notes— ___30___ never know how many people your kindness can touch.
【答案】21. to communicate
22. from 23. explaining
24. what 25. (the) most significantly
26. whom 27. unless
28. addressed
29. has been posted/ was posted
30. you
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。作者以前是个二等少尉，有一天他发现一个包裹，里面是孩子们为感谢军人而写的卡片，作者写了一封感谢信，回复了他们。2013年，孩子们的老师通过Facebook告诉作者他的感谢信一直挂在学校的墙上，并再次感谢他为国家服务。
【21题详解】
考查不定式。分析句子成分可知(communicate) with loved ones.做opportunity的定语，用动词不定式作定语，故填 to communicate。
【22题详解】
考查介词。句意：（我）在里面我找到了大约20张来自孩子的卡片。介词from意为“来自”，符合句意，故填from。
【23题详解】
考查现在分词。分析句子成分可知explain在句中做非谓语，was为谓语。explain的逻辑主语为a letter, letter与explain之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故用explain的现在分词形式，填explaining。
【24题详解】
考查宾语从句。分析句子成分可知____ her children had done—its impact on my patriotism, my morale..这个句子做介词for的宾语，为宾语从句。空格处引导宾语从句，且在从句中做had done的宾语，故填连接代词what。
【25题详解】
考查副词的最高级。句意：我向老师表达了这些孩子对我的爱国主义，对我的士气，最重要的是，对我的信念的影响的感谢。根据句意，这里要表达“最重要的是”，故填所给词的最高级形式，填(the) most significantly 。
【26题详解】
考查定语从句。with ___6___ I shared no contacts.为定语从句，先行词为 a woman, 是人。空格处引导定语从句且在从句中做介词with的宾语，先行词为人，用whom引导定语从句。填whom。
【27题详解】
考查连词。句意：我回复到除非我们是朋友，我是不会接受她的（加好友）请求的。分析句子成分可知空格处引导一个从句，根据句意应该是条件状语从句，连词unless意为“除非”，符合句意，故填unless。
【28题详解】
考查过去分词。分析句子成分可知address在句中为非谓语，做care package的定语，与逻辑主语care package是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用address的过去分词形式，填addressed。
【29题详解】
考查时态。这里考查是动词的时态，如果要强调从过去到现在一直挂了20年，就用现在完成时。如果只是强调那过去挂了20年，用一般过去时即可。故答案有两个：has been posted/ was posted。
【30题详解】
考查人称代词。根据后文的your kindness can touch.可知空格处指的是“你”，故填you。
【点睛】定语从句中引导词的确定与先行词和引导词在从句中做什么成分有关。所以考生在判断空格处引导定语从句后之后，要做两件事：一 是判断先行词，而是判断引导词在句中担任的成分。比如第6小题考查定语从句，要求考生填一个引导词。分析句子可知先行词为a woman,，空格处引导定语从句且在从句中做介词with的宾语，所以用whom引导定语从句, 填whom。

Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

Measles (麻疹) breaks out in the Northwest
The U.S. is experiencing outbreaks of measles, a disease it had declared eliminated years ago, largely due to a drop in vaccination (接种疫苗) rates in some communities.
An outbreak in Washington state has sickened 23 people this month, mostly children under 10. Local health officials in Clark County, declared a public-health ___31___ on Friday. They also urged residents to track ___32___ symptoms and call ahead before heading to medical centers.
State officials announced the ___33___ of measles from the U.S. in 2000, thanks to a widespread vaccination program. But travelers entering the country with measles, as well as dropping vaccination rates in some states in recent years, has led to a rise in infection. Last year, there were a total of 17 outbreaks, ___34___ as three or more cases linked together, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. New York and New Jersey ___35___ for roughly half of the 2018 cases. The Clark County outbreak began early last week with three confirmed cases and has since grown to 23 confirmed and two more ___36___. Of those cases, 20 were unvaccinated and the others are unconfirmed.
Measles is highly ___37___; the virus spreads through the air by coughing or sneezing, the CDC says. Early ___38___ include a high fever, cough, runny nose and red, watery eyes, followed by tiny, white spots inside the mouth and the red, bumpy rash (疹子) that people ___39___ associate with the infection. Children younger than 5 or adults older than 20 are more likely to suffer from complications, according to the CDC.
In order to prevent the further spread of the outbreak, local health officials are posting times and places where residents may have been exposed. They are urging residents who haven’t been vaccinated to ___40___ whether they have been exposed and to take appropriate action.
【答案】31. F 32. H
33. E 34. C
35. A 36. J
37. G 38. K
39. B 40. D
【解析】
这是一篇应用文。这是一篇新闻，在美国西北地区一些地方爆发了麻疹，主要原因是一些社区的接种疫苗率的下降。
【31题详解】
考查名词。句意：周五，克拉克县的当地卫生官员宣布有突发的公共卫生事件。空格处由a修饰，说明是名词。 根据The U.S. is experiencing outbreaks of measles, a disease it had declared eliminated years ago.可知麻疹几年前被消除了，所以这次麻疹的爆发应该是突发事件（emergency），F符合句意，故填F。
【32题详解】
考查形容词。句意：他们还敦促居民去医疗中心之前，探查（自己是否有）潜在的症状并且要提前打电话。空格处修饰的是symptom,说明这里要填一个形容词。potential意为“潜在的”，符合句意，故填H。
【33题详解】
考查名词。句意：由于广泛的疫苗接种计划，国家官员在2000年宣布在美国，麻疹已被消除。根据第一段中的：“The U.S. is experiencing outbreaks of measles, a disease it had declared eliminated years ago,”可知在几年前已经宣布麻疹被消灭了，这里与前文相呼应，在2000年，国家宣布了麻疹的消灭（elimination）。故填E。
【34题详解】
考查动词。句意：根据美国疾病控制和预防中心的数据，去年共确定了17起疫情，其中三起或及以上相互关联。根据句意，这里要表达的是确定了(define) 三起或及以上相互关联, 故选C。
35题详解】
考查动词。句意：纽约和新泽西（发生的疫情）约占2018年（疫情）的一半。根据前文，2018年发生了17起疫情，再根据后文“half of the 2018 cases.”2018年一半的疫情，可知这里想表达的是纽约与新泽西的疫情占了一半，account for为固定搭配，意为“（数量/比例占）”，符合句意，故选A。
【36题详解】
考查动词。句意：上周早些时候，克拉克县爆发了三起确诊病例，至此（麻疹被确认的）已增长至23例，另外两例是被怀疑的。根据 has since grown to 23 confirmed可知现在麻疹被确诊的已到达23个，那么还有两例肯定就是还没确诊，是被怀疑（suspected）得了麻疹，故选J。
【37题详解】
考查形容词。句意：麻疹具有高度传染性;疾病预防控制中心称，病毒通过咳嗽或打喷嚏在空气中传播。根据后文the virus spreads through the air by coughing or sneezing, the CDC says.可知麻疹病毒通过空气就能传播，说明麻疹是具有传染性的（infectious）,故选G。
【38题详解】
考查名词。句意：初期症状包括高烧，咳嗽，流鼻涕和眼睛发红，流泪。
后文的“a high fever, cough, runny nose and red, watery eyes”都是得麻疹会有的一些症状（symptom），故选K。
【39题详解】
考查副词。句意：接下来的（症状）是口腔内的微小白点和红色，凹凸不平的皮疹（疹子），人们通常会把这些皮疹与传染病联系在一起。分析句子成分可知空格处修饰associate这个动词，应该用副词，有两个选项符合。根据that people associate with the infection.可知人们把这些红疹与传染联系在一起，这种认知应该是大家普遍（commonly）会有的。B项符合语境，故选B。
【40题详解】
考查动词。句意：他们正在敦促未接种疫苗的居民查明他们是否已经暴露于（有麻疹的环境）并采取适当的行动。后面的whether they have been exposed（是否已经暴露于（有麻疹的环境）是个疑问，需要居民自己去确认查明（determine）,故选D。

III. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Keeping it in the family
“You understand grandmother when she talks to you, don’t you, darling?” The girl nods. I met her, her Japanese mother and English father on a plane to Japan. The parents were eager to ___41___ their experience of bringing up their daughter bilingually (使用双语地) in London. It isn’t easy: the husband does not speak Japanese, so the child hears the language only from her mother, who has come to ___42___ that the girl will reply in English. This can be painful. Not sharing your first language with loved ones is hard. Not passing it on to your own child can be especially tough. Many immigrant parents feel a sense of ___43___.
Children learn languages easily, but this doesn’t mean that ___44___ exposure is enough. They must hear a language quite a bit to understand it—and use it often to be able to speak it comfortably. This is mental work, and a child who doesn’t have an intention to speak a language will often avoid it. So languages often die when parents move abroad. In the past, governments discouraged immigrant families from keeping their languages. These days, officials tend to be ___45___; some even see a valuable resource in immigrants’ language abilities. Yet many factors ensure that children still lose their parents’ languages, or never learn them. A big one is institutional ___46___. A child’s time spent with a second language is time not spent on their first. So teachers often discourage parents from speaking their languages to their children. Parents often ___47___ obey, worried about their children’s education. This is a(n) ___48___, for children really can master two languages or even more. Research does indeed suggest their vocabulary in each language may be somewhat smaller for a while, but other studies hint at intellectual advantages among bilinguals. They may be more skillful at complex tasks, better at maintaining attention.
Even without those side effects, ___49___, a bilingual child’s connection to another culture is a good thing in itself. How to ___50___? When both parents share the native language, the strategy is often to speak that at home, and the national language outside. But when they have ___51___ languages, perhaps the most common approach is “one parent, one language”. Francois Grosjean, a language expert from Switzerland, ___52___ the necessity. He recommends reserving occasions on which the only language that may be spoken is the one that needs ___53___. Sabine Little, a language expert at the University of Sheffield, puts the emphasis elsewhere. Making the native language yet another task ___54___ by parents can lead to rejection, she argues. She recommends letting the child form their own ___55___ connection to the language, for languages are not just another thing to be drilled into a young mind, but a matter of the heart.
41. A. conceal B. publicize C. discuss D. imagine
42. A. accept B. argue C. decide D. ensure
43. A. excitement B. inferiority C. failure D. injustice
44. A. momentary B. maximum C. repeated D. continued
45. A. less stimulated B. less controlling C. more relieved D. more discouraging
46. A. engagement B. feature C. prejudice D. pressure
47. A. cheerfully B. faithfully C. immediately D. reluctantly
48. A. instance B. shame C. ambition D. suggestion
49. A. though B. hence C. besides D. otherwise
50. A. keep it up B. carry it on C. figure it out D. bring it about
51. A. multiple B. different C. foreign D. target
52. A. removes B. challenges C. emphasises D. ignores
53. A. preservation B. restriction C. rejection D. connection
54. A. performed B. imposed C. shared D. recommended
55. A. skillful B. powerful C. apparent D. emotional
【答案】41. C 42. A 43. C 44. A 45. B 46. D 47. D 48. B 49. A 50. D 51. B 52. C 53. A 54. B 55. D
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。在双语家庭里，因为一些原因孩子不能传承移民或外籍父母的母语。这是令人惋惜的，因为双语儿童是在某些方面是有优势的。最后作者介绍了语言专家对此的看法和建议。
【41题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。A. conceal隐藏；B. publicize宣传；C. discuss 论述；谈论；D. imagine 想象。根据后文“ It isn’t easy: the husband does not speak Japanese, so the child hears the language only from her mother,”可知这对父母用双语抚养女儿的经历不简单，所以他们才很想谈论（discuss）他们的经历，选C。
【42题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。A. accept 接受； B. argue争论；C. decide决定；D. ensure 确保。根据本句可知只有女孩的妈妈说日语，妈妈不得不接受（accept）女孩会用英语回答她的事实。选A。
【43题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。A. excitement兴奋；B. inferiority自卑；C. failure失败；D. injustice 不公平。根据前文“Not sharing your first language with loved ones is hard. Not passing it on to your own child can be especially tough.”可知不能与所爱之人分享母语以及不能将母语教给孩子对于这些移民的父母是痛苦的，他们中很多人会有一种挫败（failure）感。选C。
【44题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。A. momentary片刻的;短暂的；B. maximum最高的;最大的;C. repeated重复的；D. continued 持续的。前文Children learn languages easily,表明孩子很容易学会一门语言。但是，这并不意味着短暂的（. momentary）接触就足够（让孩子学会某种语言）。A项符合语境，故选A项。
【45题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。A. less stimulated不那么刺激的；B. less controlling不那么有控制欲的；C. more relieved更轻松的；D. more discouraging 更令人泄气的。根据前文“ In the past, governments discouraged immigrant families from keeping their languages.”可知政府过去不鼓励移民家庭保留其母语。根据后文“some even see a valuable resource in immigrants’ language abilities”可知有些官员甚至在移民的语言能力中发现了宝贵的资源，说明政府的态度发生了改变，现在不那么控制（less controlling）移民家庭是否保留母语。故选B。
【46题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。A. engagement婚约 ；约会, 约定；B. feature特征特色；C. prejudice偏见；D. pressure压力。根据后文“So teachers often discourage parents from speaking their languages to their children.”可知所以教师总是不鼓励父母和孩子讲自己的母语。这是一种制度上的压力（pressure）。故选D。
【47题详解】
考查副词义辨析。A. cheerfully兴奋地；B. faithfully 忠实地；C. immediately立刻；D. reluctantly 不情愿地。根据“worried about their children’s education.”可知父母因为担心孩子的教育，所以他们会遵从老师的话。根据前文“Not passing it on to your own child can be especially tough.”可知不能把母语传给孩子对于父母来说是痛苦的。所以这些父母应该是不情愿地（ reluctantly）遵从。故选D。
【48题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。A. instance实例;事例；B. shame 令人惋惜的事；羞耻；C. ambition野心；D. suggestion 建议。根据“for children really can master two languages or even more”可知这些孩子们本可以掌握两种或更多语言，所以这是一件令人惋惜的事（shame）。故选B。
【49题详解】
考查副词义辨析。A. though 尽管；即使；B. hence因此；所以；C. besides除此以外；D. otherwise 否则不然。句意：即使没有这些附加优势，掌握双语的儿童和亲人以及另一种文化的连接本身就是一件好事。根据句意，without those side effects和a bilingual child’s connection to another culture is a good thing in itself.之间是转折的关系。A选项though放在这里切题，故选A项。
【50题详解】
考查词组辨析。A. keep it up 保持优秀成绩；B. carry it on继续；坚持；C. figure it out弄清楚；解决；D. bring it about导致；发生。根据上下文，这里所有选项的it指的是前文中的“a bilingual child’s connection to another culture”，即与亲人以及另一种文化的连接。所以后面问题是问“如何使这个发生呢？”故选D。
【51题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。A. multiple涉及多人的;有多种用途的；B. different不同的；C. foreign外国的; D. target。根据后文的“one parent, one language”可知父母说着不同的（different）语言，才能做到和父母各讲一种语言。选B。
【52题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。. A. removes移动；搬动；B. challenges挑战；C. emphasizes强调；D. ignores 忽视。根据后文“He recommends reserving occasions on which the only language that may be spoken is the one that needs ——.”可知这位语言学家支持在家里讲父母的母语，所以他应该是强调（emphasizes）这样做的重要性。故选C。
【53题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。A. preservation保存；B. restriction限制；约束；C. rejection拒绝；D. connection联系。这位语言学家支持在家里讲母语的，所以他建议能够讲母语的场合（也就是家里）要保存（preservation）。故选A。
【54题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。A. performed表演；B. imposed强制实施；强加；C. shared分享；D. recommended 推荐。根据后文“can lead to rejection,”可知父母的某种行为会引起孩子的反感。引起孩子反感的原因就是这种传承语言的任务是父母强加(impose)给孩子的。故选B。
【55题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。A. skillful有技巧的；灵巧的；B. powerful有势力的；有影响力的；C. apparent显然的；D. emotional情感上的;情绪上的。根据后文“but a matter of the heart.”可知语言与心灵有关，所以孩子要与语言建立起情感上的（emotional）的联系。故选D。
【点睛】完形填空的解题技巧之一就是要根据上下文来学会“推理”出最佳选项。同学们要遵循“上下求索”的原则来查找信息。例如，根据下文“worried about their children’s education.”可知父母因为担心孩子的教育，所以他们会遵从老师的话。根据上文“Not passing it on to your own child can be especially tough.”可知不能把母语传给孩子对于父母来说是痛苦的。结合上下文可以推断这些父母应该是不情愿地（ reluctantly）遵从。选D。

Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
The bus screamed to a stop in Nazareth, Israel. Five Australian backpackers boarded and struck up a conversation with me. They asked typical travelers’ questions—where was I going and why was I traveling alone? My plan was to travel with a friend of a friend, I explained, but when I called her that morning, she didn’t pick up and I had no other way to reach her. My stomach was in knots, but I decided to head out anyway, thinking I might run into her if I traveled to Tiberius, where we had planned to go together.
“Why don’t you travel with us?” one of the backpackers offered. They were experienced adventurers who would work for a few months, save, then travel for as long as they could. Their current plan was to explore the Middle East and Europe in three months while working in London.
It seemed risky to travel with strangers, but my instinct said yes. For the next two weeks, I explored Israel with the backpackers and learned to trust my instincts in all types of new and interesting situations. When they hook a ride, I took the bus, but when they wanted to steal into the King David Hotel’s swimming pool, I led the way. The world opened up to me because I chose to travel alone. I joined complete strangers, who become close friends. Years later, one couple from the backpacking group even flew from Sydney to Phoenix to be in my wedding. The trip was such a special experience that it gave me confidence in all areas of my life. Since then, I’ve backpacked alone across South Africa, sky-dived from 12,000 feet in New Zealand and even moved across the U.S. with no job lined up.
On my third day wandering in Israel with my new friends, I bumped into the woman I was supposed to meet. Though I was happy she was all right, I was grateful she hadn’t picked up the phone.
56. By “My stomach was in knots” (in paragraph 1), the author most likely means that she was ______.
A. sick of riding on a bumpy bus B. nervous of meeting strangers
C. upset about the sudden change D. sorry about the impractical plan
57. Which of the following best describes the backpackers the author met?
A. Courageous but disrespectful. B. Jobless and poorly educated.
C. Warmhearted and trustworthy. D. Homeless but lighthearted.
58. The author’s sixth sense told her that ______.
A. she would get along with the backpackers B. it might cause trouble to have a swim
C. she ought to stay away from the backpackers D. it could add excitement to get a free ride
59. What can be inferred from the passage?
A. Most of the backpackers became the author’s lifelong friends.
B. The author gathered the courage to be a fulltime backpack traveler.
C. The woman missed the phone call with the purpose of traveling alone.
D. The author considered it the best decision of her life to travel on her own.
【答案】56. C 57. C 58. A 59. D
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。作者原本与朋友约好去旅游，却被放了鸽子，她决定一个人去。途中她遇见了五个背包客，这些背包客邀请她一起去旅游，她和这些人一起经历了美好的几天，并和他们成了好朋友。
【56题详解】
推理判断题。根据前文“My plan was to travel with a friend of a friend, I explained, but when I called her that morning, she didn’t pick up and I had no other way to reach her.”可知作者被朋友放鸽子了，被放鸽子肯定是失望的，C项（因为突然的变化而感到沮丧的）最符合作者此时的心情，所以选C。
【57题详解】
推理判断题。根据““Why don’t you travel with us?” one of the backpackers offered”可知这些背包客邀请作者一起旅游，说明他们很热心；根据“ They were experienced adventurers who would work for a few months, save, then travel for as long as they could”可知这些背包客旅游经验很丰富，所以是值得信任的，综合选C。
【58题详解】
推理判断题。根据“It seemed risky to travel with strangers, but my instinct said yes.”可知这些背包客邀请作者一起旅游时，她的本能（instinct）也就是第六感说了“好”，也就是说她的第六感让她相信她能和这些背包客相处的很好，才会答应他们的邀请，故选A。
【59题详解】
推理判断题。根据“The world opened up to me because I chose to travel alone.”可知作者觉得自己选择一个人旅游让自己看到了更大的世界，再结合最后一句“Though I was happy she was all right, I was grateful she hadn’t picked up the phone.”可知作者庆幸她的朋友没有接她的电话。由此可以判断作者认为自己选择一个人去旅行是一个很好的决定，故选D。

(B)
Is it wrong—either grammatically or in terms of style—to mix the simple past tense with the past perfect in one sentence? To give an example, the following seems a bit heavy and awkward to me: “There had been a time when she had been happier.’ I prefer: ‘There had been a time when she was happier.’ Any thoughts?
—ALEX
I think the second version is the correct one—it’s shorter and clearer. Rather than focusing on tenses, focus on the clean, short sentence. If something seems heavy and awkward to you, the writer—then it probably is. Always short sentences.
---DIANA

I have constructed texts for a range of children’s picture books all based on working profession: bus driver, postman, footballer, cleaner, teacher, policeman to list a few. I’ve listed about thirty professions so far. I thought of titling them as Mr Bus Driver, Mr Postman and so on. Would I be infringing (侵权) the Mr Men titles if I did or should I think of something else?
—RAJIV
The Mr Men stories are based on characteristics, not on jobs—Mr Lazy, Mr Noisy, etc—so they bear no relation to your projects. However, you will come under fire from gender equality supporters—every job you list could equally be done by a woman. No teacher and few parents would find work useful if it implies that all professions are open only to men. I advise you to look at modern children’s books in a library or bookshop.
---DIANA
60. Alex wants to know how to ______.
A. avoid uncertain terms in writing B. use tenses properly in one sentence
C. improve grammatical skills D. focus on clear and short sentences
61. Diana reminds Rajiv that he will be severely criticized for ______.
A. tending to hold gender prejudice B. breaking the law using Mr Men titles
C. not characterizing enough professions D. not running a project related to education
62. Which of the following questions is not supposed to be asked if you email Diana?
A. Is there a good market for traditional poems these days?
B. Can you possibly evaluate my recently written novel enclosed?
C. Where can I get some instructive books on writing for my son?
D. How can I write an appropriate acknowledgement for my book?
【答案】60. B 61. A 62. B
【解析】
这是一篇应用文。文中包括四封信，文中Alex 和Rajiv分别就自己的疑问写信询问了别人，各自得到了一封回复。
【60题详解】
细节理解题。根据“ Is it wrong—either grammatically or in terms of style—to mix the simple past tense with the past perfect in one sentence?”可知Alex想知道在一个句子里同时使用一般过去式和过去完成时是否正确，即如何正确的使用时态，故选B。
【61题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段However, you will come under fire from gender equality supporters—every job you list could equally be done by a woman可知Dianna告诉Rajiv他可能会受到性别平等支持者的攻击，因为他列出来的工作女性也可以完成。所以Rajiv可能会因为性别歧视遭到严厉的批评。选A。
【62题详解】
推理判断题。根据原文“Would I be infringing (侵权) the Mr Men titles if I did or should I think of something else?可知Rajiv询问Diana他写的内容是否侵权某个系列，说明Diana的工作与图书相关，根据I advise you to look at modern children’s books in a library or bookshop.可知Diana建议Rajiv再去看看现代儿童读物，说明Diana只能给些大方向的建议，太过具体专业的比如B项（你能否评估我最近写的小说？）不太适合询问Diana。故选B项。

(C)
Studies show that older people tend to remember the positive things in life rather than the negative things, while younger people remember the positive and negative equally well. The dominant psychological theory to explain this is that older people are aware of their limited time left, so they prioritize positive emotional experiences. But about a decade ago, I worked with biologist Robert Trivers on his idea that there was an evolutionary basis for older people’s increased positive outlook. Our research took us in the fascinating direction of exploring how the body uses its energy.
When our ancestors needed more energy than usual, perhaps while being chased by a tiger, they had to get that energy from somewhere in the body. Could they borrow it from the brain? That organ uses 20 percent of our metabolic (新陈代谢) output, whether we are solving math problems or watching television reruns. Due to this constant energy requirement, borrowing energy from the brain when our need surpasses the available supply is not an option. Perhaps we could borrow energy from our muscles. Because we use far more muscle energy when we are active than when at rest, in principle, we could borrow energy when we are sitting. But the problem is that most of the energy-demanding emergencies of our ancestors required a muscular response. There was no way to borrow energy from our muscles during an emergency because relaxing when a tiger showed up was not an effective response. This brings us to our immune system, which, when strong, protects us from many illnesses and diseases. Like the brain, the immune system works at great metabolic cost, but largely in the service of keeping us healthy in the future. We have an enormous number of immune cells coursing through our body, a momentary break from production is fine. So, when our body needs extra energy, one of the places it goes is our immune function. When you’re being chased by a tiger, you don’t need to waste energy making immune cells to fight off tomorrow’s cold. What you need is to shift all available energy resources to your legs, with the hope that you will live to experience another cough or sneeze.
As a result, our immune system evolved to run in maximum amounts when we’re happy, but to slow down dramatically when we’re not. With this background in mind, Trivers supposed that older people evolved a strategy of turning this relationship on its head, becoming more focused on the positive things in life in an effort to enhance their immune functioning. This was helped along by their knowing much more about the world than younger adults, so they can deal with some of the unpleasant things in life more easily.
63. According to Robert Trivers, when our body needs extra energy, ______.
A. muscles will respond to it by relaxing a little bit
B. organs will speed up metabolic processes to answer it
C. immune system will temporarily shut down to fulfill it
D. brain will satisfy it by sharing optional metabolic output
64. In paragraph 3 “this relationship” most probably refers to the one between ______.
A. experiences and related knowledge B. happiness and biological evolution
C. immune function and health D. optimism and length of life
65. What can be concluded from Robert Trivers’ study?
A. Younger people adopt strategies of handling tense situations from everyday life.
B. Our ancestors evolved their immune systems in fighting against fierce animals.
C. Realizing that their days are numbered, older people prefer being positive.
D. Being negative drains energy from our body, lowering resistance to disease.
66. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?
A. Brain, muscles and immune system B. Age, health and happiness
C. Ancestors, emergency and evolution D. Energy, effort and response
【答案】63. C 64. D 65. D 66. B
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。研究表明，老年人往往会记住生活中积极的事物，而不是消极的事物。十年前作者与生物学家罗伯特·特里弗斯合作研究身体是如何使用能量的，他们的发现解释了这一现象。
【63题详解】
推理判断题。根据We have an enormous number of immune cells coursing through our body, a momentary break from production is fine. So, when our body needs extra energy, one of the places it goes is our immune function.可知我们的身体里有大量的免疫细胞，暂时停止运作是可以的。因此，当我们的身体需要额外的能量时，（我们的身体）会去找免疫系统。由此可以推断，免疫系统会暂时停止来为身体提供额外的能量。选C。
【64题详解】
推理判断题。根据后文 “becoming more focused on the positive things in life in an effort to enhance their immune functioning.” 可知老人们更加关注生活中积极的事物，是为了增强他们的免疫功能。也就是说积极与免疫功能之间有关系，越积极，免疫功能越强，就能活得越久，所有选项中D项（乐观与寿命）之间最切题，故选D。
【65题详解】
推理判断题。根据“As a result, our immune system evolved to run in maximum amounts when we’re happy, but to slow down dramatically when we’re not.”可知当我们快乐时，我们的免疫系统进化到最大程度，但是当我们不快乐时，免疫系统会减弱。由此推断，消极会消耗我们身体的能量，降低对疾病的抵抗力。选D。
【66题详解】
主旨大意题。作者开头提出老年人更关注积极的事情，后文提到积极的情绪会增强免疫系统，所以本文主要讲的是年龄，健康与积极的情绪之间的关系，选B。

Section C
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Spacewalk!
Most people don’t know that the anniversary of an important event in space exploration occurred last month. On March 18, 1965, spaceman Aleksi Leonov became the first human to complete an Extra Vehicular Activity (EVA) or spacewalk. It marked the first time that a human was able to leave a spacecraft and operate in the emptiness of space. It is a dangerous procedure, but one that is vital for the success of manned space missions.
___67___ In space, a spacesuit must protect people from extreme cold and heat, provide air to breathe, and remove extra carbon dioxide. ___68___ Too much of it, and the spacesuit becomes firm and difficult to move in. Too little of it, and astronauts can become dangerously sick after returning to their spacecraft.
Astronauts now perform complex jobs in the emptiness of space in modern spacesuits. They have logged many hours repairing and upgrading equipment on satellites during EVAs. ___69___ On July 20th, 1969, American astronaut Neil Armstrong set foot on the moon for the first time. There is no atmosphere on the moon, but there is gravity—about 17 percent of Earth’s, which means Neil needed a special suit for walking on the moon’s surface. Suits for the moon are equipped for exploration far from any vehicles, including tough boots that can resist cuts from the rough surface while walking. But sharp rocks weren’t the only danger to astronauts.
The moon surface is covered with a fine and flour-like dust which consists of small particles (颗粒) left over from the numerous meteorite (陨石) strikes on the moon. ___70___ When astronauts would leave the moon’s gravity, the dust on their suits began floating all over. It got into delicate equipment inside the spacecraft and the astronaut’s eyes and lungs. As different space agencies plan for returning people to the moon, new EVA suit designs will have to take something else into account. Keeping astronauts safe also means keeping their suits clean.
A. However, EVAs don’t just happen in empty space.
B. It sticks to everything, eventually causing joints and seals to fail.
C. Spacesuits also have to maintain ideal air pressure during a spacewalk.
D. Unfortunately, most people have no idea about space exploration or spacesuits.
E. Without the ability to work in space, we are unable to keep our space programs functional.
F. There are a few things that must be taken into account to make an EVA both safe and effective
【答案】67. F 68. C
69. A 70. B
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。1965年3月18日，宇航员阿列克谢·列奥诺夫成为完成舱外活动(EVA)第一人。现在，宇航员穿着现代宇航服在太空从事许多复杂的工作。为了保证宇航员的安全，新宇航服的设计也有更高的要求。
【67题详解】
根据后文“ In space, a spacesuit must protect people from extreme cold and heat, provide air to breathe, and remove extra carbon dioxide.”可知宇航服必须保护人们免受极冷和极热的伤害，提供空气，并去除多余的二氧化碳。F项（为了使舱外活动在太空中既安全又有效，有几件事必须被考虑进去）承接上文，a few things就是指后文的protect people from extreme cold and heat, provide air to breathe, and remove extra carbon dioxide. 故选F。
【68题详解】
根据后文Too much of it, and the spacesuit becomes firm and difficult to move in. Too little of it, and astronauts can become dangerously sick after returning to their spacecraft.可知（气压）太高的话，宇航服就会变硬，很难穿进去。如果（气压）过低，宇航员回到飞船后可能会生病。连接下文，C项（宇航服还必须在（宇航员）太空行走时保持理想的气压。）切题。C项的air pressure与下文的代词it相呼应。故选C项。
【69题详解】
根据前文“Astronauts now perform complex jobs in the emptiness of space in modern spacesuits”可知宇航员现在穿着现代宇航服，在空旷的太空中从事复杂的工作。根据后文On July 20th, 1969, American astronaut Neil Armstrong set foot on the moon for the first time. There is no atmosphere on the moon, but there is gravity可知除了在太空工作，1969年美国宇航员阿姆斯特朗第一次登上月球。承上启下，月球上没有大气，但有地球引力。A项（然而，舱外活动并不只是发生在广阔的太空中。）切题，故选A项。
【70题详解】
根据前文“The moon surface is covered with a fine and flour-like dust which consists of small particles (颗粒) left over from the numerous meteorite (陨石) strikes on the moon”可知月球表面覆盖着一种灰尘，这种灰尘由撞上月亮的陨石留下的小颗粒组成的。承接上文，B项（它可以粘在任何东西上，最终导致连接和密封（的东西）没法用。）切题。B项的it代指前文的a fine and flour-like dust。选B项。
【点睛】这种选句子填空题型主要考查上下文的理解与推断。做题时要注意设空前后的句子，因为这些句子之间是顺承和联系的，所有一定要联系和理解上下文的语境。例如第2小题，根后文Too much of it, and the spacesuit becomes firm and difficult to move in. Too little of it, and astronauts can become dangerously sick after returning to their spacecraft.可知它太高的话，宇航服就会变硬，很难穿进去。如果它过低，宇航员回到飞船后可能会生病。考生在做题时就要找出it指代的是什么，浏览完所有选项中，C选项中的air pressure可以解释it是什么，带入原文后，发现前后逻辑通顺，符合语境。最后就选C项。

IV. Summary Writing
71.Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Holding Parents Responsible—An Unfair Punishment
The rise in teen crime suggests that some parents are failing at their parental tasks. To correct the problem, lawmakers in some states require parents to serve jail time. They hope that this punishment will motivate parents to take their responsibilities seriously.
Despite public support for parental responsibility laws, many people think that the laws are unfair. They suggest that parents should not be punished for the criminal acts of their children, unless it can be shown there is a related fault on the parents’ part. For example, if young teenagers are arrested for drinking alcohol supplied by parents, then parents should be held responsible because they helped the teenagers break the law. People who oppose parental responsibility laws also believe that punishing parents is unlikely to create a change in the kids’ behavior. These people argue that parents may not be at fault. The children of good parents can fall in with the wrong kids and get into trouble, they say. Worse yet, if mom is in jail, there may be no one at all to control her kid. That lack of control may then lead to more crime.
The unfortunate fact is that jailing a mom or dad punishes the rest of the family. The jailed parent cannot work to help feed the family or pay the rent. A parent who is sent to jail for the crimes of a teenager may also be fired from a job for missing too much work. Furthermore, little evidence exists to support the idea that the threat of punishment improves a parents’ ability to control a teenager. The problem is that some teens cannot be controlled by their parents, even if the parents try hard to control them. These struggling parents are not ignoring their parental responsibilities. Opponents of parental responsibility laws say that parents who are in this situation need help, not a jail sentence.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Arguments about parental responsibility laws arise in states. Firstly, it’s unfair to punish those parents without fault in their children’s crimes. Moreover, jailing parents may cause more crime and punish other family members as they couldn’t control their kids or support families. Finally, threatening to punish parents of uncontrollable children means nothing to their parental ability.
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇议论文。作者介绍为了解决青少年犯罪率的问题，一些州的立法者要求父母入狱服刑。但很多人指出让父母承担责任是一种不公平的惩罚。此外，监禁父母会导致更多的犯罪，因为他们的孩子没人控制了。最后，很多父母已经很努力管控自己的孩子，惩罚父母没有任何意义。考生阅读完要总结论点，不能超过60个词。
【详解】第一步，归纳各个段落的段落大意，第一段讲述为了解决青少年犯罪率的问题，一些州的立法者要求父母入狱服刑。第二段讲述很多人对这种父母责任论有异议，认为惩罚父母是不公平的。第三段进一步提出监禁父母可能导致更多的犯罪，也在惩罚其他家庭成员。此外，威胁惩罚无法控制孩子的父母对他们的父母能力没有任何帮助。
第二步，可以择出重要的信息，有人对父母承担责任有不同意见，惩罚父母是不公平的，监禁父母可能导致更多的犯罪和惩罚其他家庭成员，威胁惩罚无法控制孩子的父母对他们的父母能力没有任何帮助。
第三步，得出答案，注意过渡与衔接，字数控制在60字以内。

V. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
72. 窃贼一定是深夜时从窗户逃出去的。(must)
____________________________
73. 在上海处处可见行人为坐在轮椅上的老人或残疾人让路。(make way)
____________________________
74. 新生身处不习惯的学习环境，产生焦虑是很自然的。(It)
____________________________
75. 唯有亲临这部音乐剧的现场，你才会明白为何六十年来每场演出都座无虚席。(Only)
____________________________
【答案】72. The thief must have got out through the window late at night.
73. Pedestrians can be seen to make way for the elderly or the disabled in wheelchairs everywhere in Shanghai.
74. It is quite natural that freshmen feel anxious in a learning environment they are not accustomed to.
It is quite natural for freshmen to feel anxious in a learning environment they are not used to.
75. Only when you enjoy the musical on the spot can you figure out/ understand why there were no empty seats/ all seats were occupied when each performance was on for sixty years.
【解析】
【72题详解】
thief 窃贼，late at nigh深夜时,through the window从窗户，get out逃出去。根据所给词must以及句意，可知这是对过去的一种肯定推测，所以要用must have done形式。故翻译为The thief must have got out through the window late at night.
【73题详解】
pedestrians行人， make way让路， the elderly or the disabled in wheelchairs坐在轮椅上的老人或残疾人，everywhere处处，see sb do sth看见某人做某事。根据句意，用pedestrians（行人）做主语，pedestrians与谓语see之间是被动关系，是行人“被”看见。词组see sb do sth变为被动语态时，省略掉的to要还原，故翻译为Pedestrians can be seen to make way for the elderly or the disabled in wheelchairs everywhere in Shanghai.
【74题详解】

It is quite natural that…. 是很自然的; freshmen 新生;feel anxious 产生焦虑; learning environment学习环境; be(not) accustomed to/ be not used to. (不)习惯。故翻译为It is quite natural that freshmen feel anxious in a learning environment they are not accustomed to./It is quite natural for freshmen to feel anxious in a learning environment they are not used to.
【75题详解】
the musical这部音乐剧; there are no empty seats/ all seats are occupied座无虚席; 每场演出each performance. 所给词为Only，only位于句首是要倒装，“座无虚席”是过去发生的事，所以从句部分要用一般过去式。故翻译为：Only when you enjoy the musical on the spot can you figure out/ understand why there were no empty seats/ all seats were occupied when each performance was on for sixty years.
【点睛】在做句子翻译时，考生要首先分析好句子的各个成分，比如主语是什么，谓语动词是什么，宾语以及各种状语。此外，谓语动词的时态，语态和单复数很重要。比如第1,2小题，分析之后句子的谓语都要用被动语态，如果考生不注意语态，可能就翻译不出来这两个句子。

VI. Guided Writing
76.Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假如你是明启中学的学生李华。为丰富学生的在校生活，你校学生会计划开设一个活动室，向学生征询如何布置的建议。请你给学生会主席王平写一份电子邮件，邮件必须包括:
你的建议或设想
你的理由
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear Wang Ping,
I’m Li Hua. Hearing that the school will open an activity room and want some suggestions on how to decorate it, I’m writing to give my advice.
First of all, I think the activity room should be equipped with a computer. Then we can put a big table and several chairs in it as students can gather together to discuss something important. Besides we can hang some paintings on the wall to make the activity room a more beautiful place. Finally, I think there should be an art area where we students can do some relaxing activities such as drawing pictures or making cards.
I hope my suggestions will give you some inspiration. Looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua.
【解析】
【分析】
本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求写一封关于如何布置学校活动室的电子邮件。
【详解】根据提示可知，本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求写一封关于如何布置学校活动室的电子邮件，时态应为一般现在时。要求包括你的建议或设想。
第二步：根据题目要求，确定自己想写什么建议，确定关键词，如：配备一台电脑（be equipped with a computer.），墙上挂一些画（hang some paintings on the wall）等。
第三步：根据提示及关键词进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题以及句子结构完整。
第四步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，使之自然流畅，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面。
【点睛】本篇范文结构清晰，内容完整，符合题目要求，有亮点句型。
定语从句的使用I think there should be an art area where we students can do some relaxing things such as drawing pictures or making cards.
非谓语动词的使用Hearing that the school will open an activity room and want some suggestions on how to decorate it, I’m writing to give my advice.
Besides we can hang some paintings on the wall to make the activity a more beautiful place.