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2019届上海市金山区高三二模英语试题（解析版）
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金山区2018学年第二学期质量监控
高三英语试卷
(时间120分钟，分值140分)
I. Listening Comprehension
SectionA
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1.
A. At a shop. B. In a car.
C. In a plane. D. On a farm.
【答案】C
【解析】
【分析】
W: Fasten your seat belt, sir.
M: Of course, I didn’t realize that we were going to land so soon.
Q: Where does this conversation most probably take place?
【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。
2.
A. Customer and shop assistant. B. Trainer and trainee.
C. Customer and travel agent. D. Sailor and tourist.
【答案】A
【解析】
【分析】
W: I really like the red tennis racket and the price is also attractive. I am wondering whether you can ship it overseas to Shanghai.
M: Sorry. We don’t provide this service.
Q: What is the probable relationship between the two speakers?
【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。
3.
A. $ 2. B. $ 1.5. C. $ 3. D. $ 3.5.
【答案】D
【解析】
【分析】
M: I’d like to send this package by rapid service.
W: Sure. That will cost $ 2 for the postage and another $ 1.5 for the rapid service.
Q: How much in all will it cost the man to send the package?
【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。
4.
A. A travel agency. B. Sales strategies.
C. A job opportunity. D. Tour news.
【答案】C
【解析】
【分析】
M: Good news. The ad says they need a salesperson. That’ll be perfect for you, for you like travelling very much.
W: That sounds nice. Did they mention anything about experience?
Q: What are they talking about?
【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。
5.
A. She is very busy.
B. She dislikes parties.
C. She has an invitation already.
D. She questions the man’s purpose.
【答案】A
【解析】
【分析】
M: So, can we have a get-together sometime this week? I mean any day. Any day’s fine.
W: Sorry. This week’s out of the question. I have a pile of paperwork to finish.
Q: What does the woman mean?
【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。
6.
A. The club members aren’t available.
B. The Internet doesn’t work.
C. She doesn’t have time to do it.
D. The email hasn’t been ready.
【答案】B
【解析】
【分析】
M: Lily, could you forward this email to all club members?
W: Sorry, the Internet has been down for a while. I’ll do it for you as soon as I have it fixed.
Q: Why can’t the woman forward this email at the moment?
【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。
7.
A. She is going to miss her first class.
B. She prefers going to the dentist later in the day.
C. The man will be back before his first class.
D. The man might sleep late and miss his appointment.
【答案】C
【解析】
【分析】
M: I have to be atthe dentist’s at seven thirty tomorrow morning.
W: Then you won’t miss any classes.
Q: What does the woman imply?
【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。
8.
A. She could help the man a lot.
B. She’s never been to the city.
C. She knows the city very well.
D. She doesn’t remember much about the city.
【答案】D
【解析】
【分析】
M: To collect data for my report, I need to talk to someone who knows the city very well.
W: Oh, I wish I could help, but I was only a child before I left the city.
Q: What does the woman imply?
【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。
9.
A. He was sorry for the woman’s absence.
B. He was happy about the woman’s absence.
C. He suggested the woman bring her daughter.
D. He suggested the woman visit the university.
【答案】C
【解析】
【分析】
W: I’d love to join you in the West Lake trip, but my daughter will come back home from the university. What a pity!
M: It’s not a big deal. The more, the merrier.
Q: What does the man mean?
【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。
10.
A. The man forgot to go to the cinema with the woman.
B. Both of the speakers enjoyed the film.
C. An exciting film will be on next week.
D. The woman was interested in exploring space.
【答案】B
【解析】
【分析】
W: Do you remember the film about space exploration that was on last week?
M: Sure, we watched it together and were quite impressed.
Q: What do we learn from the conversation?
【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and a longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions are based on the following passage.
11.
A. Their project has lasted for a year.
B. Their project is a part of their research.
C. They were born and bred in New York.
D. They liked to talk to strangers when young.
12. A. Ambitious. B. Difficult. C. Creative. D. Well-prepared.
13.
A. Two psychologists conduct field research on New York streets.
B. Two young men listen to people and give them their suggestions.
C. Two psychologists help solve people’s problems with what they learn.
D. Two young people encourage people to talk to them, believing it can help.
【答案】11. A 12. C 13. D
【解析】
It is evening rush hour in the Times Square subway station—perhaps the busiest time of the day at the busiest place in the busiest city of the country. Liz Barry and Bill Wetzel have just settled into two chairs against a wall. Before them is a sign that reads, in large white letters, “TALK TO ME.”
Amazingly, for the next two hours, people do. Dozens of them. Two 17-year-old girls talk about their science class. A middle-aged man gives his views on politics. A young woman with purple hair, near tears, has recently broken with her boyfriend. She hasn’t gotten over it yet and she wants to talk.
Barry and Wetzel came to New York only a year ago, but they have already heard thousands of stories like these. They have walked the streets and avenues, set up their sign and listened.
Barry and Wetzel, in their 20s, have discovered that talking is highly healing for New Yorkers. “Taking a little time out from a busy schedule to talk to someone you’ve never met can change your whole outlook forever,” Liz Barry says.
Barry and Wetzel figure that now, after a year, is a good time to stop. They still haven’t decided what to do next, but it’s unlikely to be something as original as their “Talk to me” project.
Which of the following statements is true about Barry and Wetzel?
What does the speaker think of Barry and Wetzel’s project?
What is the passage mainly about?
【11题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【12题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【13题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
Questions are based on the following passage.
14.
A. Mark Zuckerberg and Bill Gates are middle children.
B. Competitive and flexible personalities decide their success.
C. They share the idealistic personalities and pursue perfection.
D. Their sensitivity to the surroundings leads to their achievement.
15.
A. Scientists. B. Chief executive officials.
C. Artists. D. Classical music players.
16.
A. Family size plays a part.
B. Birth order affects personality.
C. Birth order influences career paths.
D. How people achieve their success.
【答案】14. B 15. C 16. C
【解析】
For many years, studies have shown that birth order affects personality, but new researchconfirms that whether you’re an older, middle or youngerchild in the family bears an impact oncareer paths too.
The researchers found significant evidence to support the theory that birth order has a markedeffect on career paths. They analyzed a random sample of over 500 of the most successfulindividuals from 11 different career groups.
One of the most clear findings was that middle children are 30 percent more likely to becomecompany CEOS than their sisters and brothers.
The researchers suggested that this could be because having to fight for attention results inmiddle children developing personality traits such as competitiveness and flexibility, which thenmakes them suited to high-flying roles which require strategic thinking and high levels ofmanagement. Mark Zuckerberg, Bill Gates are both middle children.
In encouraging news for middle children across the world, the study also found that they’re 41percent more likely to be Olympic athletes. Overall, there are far more typical cases than exceptions.
Interestingly, a majority of astronauts are first-born children----Buzz Aldrin and NeilArmstrong are examples. Eldest children are also most likely to become scientists or engineers likeStephen Hawking.
Youngest children like Johann Sebastian Bach and Mozart were found to be 50 percent morelikely to have careers in classical music, possibly for their sensitive and idealistic personality.
As for only children, they’re more likely to become artists due to their perfectionist andmature personalities. The average UK family has 2.44 children, but the researchers found thatfamily size does play a part. Scientists were found to come from much larger families than average.
According to the passage, why are middle children more likely to be in a managementposition?
What are the most potential career roles for the only children?
What is the passage mainly about?
【14题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【15题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【16题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
Questions are based on the following passage.
17.
A. Because of their durability.
B. Because they are symbols of status.
C. Because of the trend in fashion.
D. Because they look quite appealing.
18.
A. The man was the creator of jeans.
B. The man applied for a patent for jeans.
C. Levi’s led to the popularity of jeans.
D. Levi’s led to a flood of fake products.
19.
A. They are durable and wash easily.
B. They appear on sex and violence ads.
C. They win the favor of many women liberalists.
D. They are influenced by cowboy style and rebellious spirit.
20.
A. The advantages of jeans.
B. The culture of western America.
C. The history of jeans.
D. The change of jeans.
【答案】17. A 18. C 19. D 20. C
【解析】
W: Dan, long time no see. How are you going these days?
M: I’ve spent the whole summer vacation preparing my essay.
W: What is it about？
M: Jeans. The history of jeans.
W: Sounds quite appealing. In my memory, jeans were only worn by poor people and laborers. They are affordable and highly valued as work wear.
M: Exactly. They were rough clothing worn by working men because of its durability. They wear well and wash easily, which is superior to other materials.
W: What did middle class people wear at that time?
M: In contrast, middle and upper class people wore suits made of material like linen as a symbol of status.
W: Then, why did jeans become trendy?
M: I think there are three factors contributing to their popularity. Firstly, in 1908, the expiration of a patent “Levi’s” led to jeans on the market.
W: You mean, the imitation jeans flooded on the market.
M: Yes. Secondly, the Romanization of “cowboy lifestyle” made jeans popular.
W: I agree. A large number of western films helped their popularity such as Rebel Without a Cause and The Wild One. In the film, heroes wore jeans as a way of rebelling against social expectations. What else?
M: In the 1980s, interest in jeans ran high with the release of a series of sex and violence ads.
W: As you mentioned, jeans were a symbol of rebellion, were they allowed in schools or other formal occasions?
M: No, but as time went on, they become acceptable. People often wear them when they are not on duty to show their identity and a positive and casual lifestyle.
W: That’s why they become popular after World War II.
M: That’s quite reasonable. I didn’t realize it.
W: To women, jeans have another advantage. They don’t need to be washed often and don’t need to be ironed. Women can save more time on housework.
Why were jeans favored by working people?
Why did the man mention Levi’s?
What was the second reason for the popularity of jeans?
What were the two speakers mainly talking about?
【17题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【18题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【19题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【20题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Time to Learn How to Sort
Whatever we don’t want ---- no matter whether it’s eggshells, newspapers, soda cans or old socks ---- it’s all garbage. And garbage goes to the garbage bin. There seems to be ___21___wrong with that. But do you really know how to throw away garbage properly?
China ___22___ (promote) garbage sorting for over a decade, but for the majority of the public the concept hasn’t sunk in. Shenzhen issued a new regulation. It says residents will be fined up to 100 yuan and organizations 1,000 yuan for not sorting rubbish ___23___specific groups.
“It’s evident that the government is determined to push this forward,” said Zhang Ning, a program officer ___24___(serve) in a Beijing-based public welfare organization. “But I’m afraid the regulation will prove to be counter-productive because garbage sorting has never been achieved by merely imposing severe punishments.”
A recent survey found that 49.5 percent of the respondents said they still don’t know how to sort garbage, ___25___45.5percent just can’t be bothered to do it. “Lots of citizens ___26___(confuse)about what’s recyclable and what’s general waste. For example, it’s scarcely known that tissue is non-recyclable because it’s too moisture-prone and usually too polluted ___27___ (recycle).” said Zhang, a representative.
According to Zhang, 70 percent of garbage is a“ ___28___(misplace)resource”. For instance, a ton of waste steel can be refined into 0.9 tons of usable steel, and a ton of kitchen waste is able to produce 0.3 tons of organic fertilizer.
But all of this is based on the condition ___29___the garbage is categorized properly. And the behavior of households ____30____the sorting process initially starts ---- is the key. Garbage sorting is a chain effect. Misconduct at the very beginning will make all the following efforts go in vain.
Garbage sorting is a complex issue and takes patience. So next time when you throw away what is called “garbage”, do it in the right way.
【答案】21. nothing
22. has promoted/ has been promoting
23. into 24. serving
25. while 26. are confused
27. to be recycled
28. misplaced
29. that 30. where
【解析】
本文属于新闻，介绍中国正在推进垃圾分类，但是更多的是，人们对垃圾分类的知识不够了解，需要很长的时间和路要走。
【21题详解】
考查代词。句意：这似乎没有问题。根据后句But do you really know how to throw away garbage properly?可知，你知道如何正确处理垃圾吗？可知，垃圾扔到垃圾箱里，似乎没问题，nothing wrong with sth没问题，故用nothing。
【22题详解】
考查动词时态和语态。句意：中国推进垃圾分类已经超过十年了。根据for over a decade可知，超过十年，强调过去的动作对现在的影响，故用现在完成时has promoted，也可以表示过去动作一直持续到现在，并有可能一直持续下去，也可以用现在完成时has been promoting。
【23题详解】
考查介词。句意：据说垃圾没有分成特定的种类，居民将会被罚款达100元，机构将会被罚1000元。分析句子可知，本句为短语sort sth into sth把…分类成，故用介词into。
【24题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：很明显，中国决心推进垃圾分类，张宁说到，一个北京的公共福利机构的项目负责人。分析句子可知，serve作后置定语修饰officer，与其逻辑主语为主谓关系，故用现在分词形式serving。
【25题详解】
考查连词。句意:一份调查研究发现，49.5%的采访者说他们不知道如何垃圾分类，而45.5%的认为垃圾分类很麻烦。分析句子可知，前后句进行了对比，故用连词while。
【26题详解】
考查动词时态和语态。句意：很多公民分不清可回收垃圾和普通垃圾。分析句子可知，本句缺乏谓语，本句为短语be confused about对…混淆，故用are confused。
【27题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：很少有人知道纸巾是不可回收的，因为回收纸巾很容易受潮和被污染。分析句子可知，本句为短语too ….to太…而不能，recycle与it为动宾关系，故用to be recycled。
【28题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：根据张宁的说法，70%的垃圾都是放错地方的资源。分析句子可知，misplace修饰名词resource，与其属于动宾关系，故用过去分词形式misplaced。
【29题详解】
考查同位语从句。句意：所有的这些都是以合理分类垃圾为条件。分析句子可知，the garbage is categorized properly对condition的具体解释说明，作同位语，从句结构意思完整，故用引导词that。
【30题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：每家每户开始垃圾分类才是关键。分析句子可知，the sorting process initially starts为限制性定语从句修饰先行词households，从句缺地点状语，故用关系副词where。
Section B
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
Bad News for Apple; Good News for Humanity
When Apple cut its revenue estimate(收益预期) for the last quarter of 2018 because of unexpectedly slow sales of iPhones, markets trembled. The company’s share price, which had been _____31_____ for months, fell by a further 10% on January 3rd, the day after the news came out. Apple’s suppliers’ shares were also hit.
Analysts assume that the number of smartphones sold in 2018 will be slightly lower than in 2017, the industry’s first ever annual decline. All this is terrible news for investors who had _____32_____ on continued growth. But step back and look at the bigger picture. That smartphone sales have peaked, and seem to be _____33_____ off at around 1.4billion units a year, is good news for humanity. The slowdown is actually the result of market saturation (饱和), which hits Apple the hardest because, despite a relatively small market share (13% of smartphone users), it captures almost all of the industry’s _____34_____. But Apple’s pain is humanity’s gain. The fact that the benefits of these magical devices are now so widely _____35_____ is something to be celebrated.
Now many phones are used for longer than three years, often as hand-me-downs. Replacement cycles are lengthening as new models offer only _____36_____ improvements. So even with flat sales, the longer _____37_____ between upgrades mean people who already have phones benefit. For all but the most addicted device fans, the slowing pace of upgrades comes as a welcome _____38_____.
Does that mean innovation is slowing? No. As computers become smaller, still more _____39_____ and closer to people’s bodies, many technicians expect that wearable devices, from smart watches to AR headsets, will be the next big thing. Even so, finding another product with the scope of the smartphone is a tall order. The smartphone holds its ______40______ as the device that will make computing and communications worldwide. The recent slowing of smartphone sales is bad news for the industry, obviously. But for the rest of humanity it is a welcome sign that a transformative technology has become almost universal.
【答案】31. C 32. E
33. K 34. G
35. H 36. A
37. F 38. I
39. B 40. D
【解析】
本文属于新闻，讲述苹果手机销量下滑，导致公司股价下滑，但是这不一定是坏事，也有其积极的意义。
【31题详解】
考查动词。句意：在过去的几个月里，苹果公司的股价持续下跌，但是新闻出来之后的第二天，下滑超过10%。分析句子可知，本句缺乏谓语，由于本句有had been，故用后用ing，结合语境，下滑，故用sliding，故选C。
【32题详解】
考查动词。句意：对于那些看好持续上涨的投资者来说，这些信息很恐怖。本句为短语count on指望，故选E。
【33题详解】
考查动词。句意：对于人们来说这是一个好消息，智能手机销售已经达到顶峰，似乎维持在每年14亿部。根据前一句smartphone sales have peaked可知，销售达到顶峰，维持平稳，本句为短语level off使平稳，故选K。
【34题详解】
考查名词。句意：尽管苹果手机市场份额很小，但是捕获了该行业最大的利润。根据文章可知，苹果手机的利润最大，故选G。
【35题详解】
考查动词。句意：这些神奇设备的好处被广泛分配这一事实是值得庆祝的事情。根据本句so widely可知，广泛分配，故选H。
【36题详解】
考查形容词。句意：当新的设备提升空间很小，那么手机更换周期就会加长。分析句子可知，修饰名词improvement用形容词，根据语境可知，marginal微小的，故选A。
【37题详解】
考查名词。句意：即使销售业绩平平，更新周期的加长对手机用户来说就有好处。根据本句的between upgrades可知，更新之间的间隙，故用gaps，选F。
【38题详解】
考查名词。句意：除了那些苹果的忠实粉丝，手机更新频率降低减缓手机用户压力。分析句子可知，本句缺乏名词，根据语境用relief，故选I。
【39题详解】
考查形容词。句意：因为电脑变得更小，更个人化，更靠近人类身体。分析句子可知，与closer并列，故用形容词，故选B。
【40题详解】
考查名词。句意：智能手机有可能让信息处理技术和通讯全球化。本句为短语hold its promise拥有前景，故选D。
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Now U.S. researchers have identified a new way to treat people infected with tuberculosis (肺结核)before they get sick.
Tuberculosis is one of the world’s most ___41___ health threats.The World Health Organization says tuberculosis kills nearly two million people each year. Another two billion are ___42___: they are infected, but don’t have symptoms of the disease. Those at highest risk can take medicine, but Vanderbilt University researcher Timothy Sterling says not everyone ___43___ with the treatment, which is a daily dose of isoniazid(异烟肼，抗结核药)for nine months. So although the medication is highly effective if people take all of their medication, many people do not take all their medication and therefore the effectiveness of the treatment plan is___44___. As a(n) ___45___, Sterling and his colleagues ___46___ isoniazid with another drug, rifapentine(利福喷汀).The combination was taken weekly, not daily, for just three months. And the results of this study showed that the new treatment plan ---- the three months of isoniazid and rifapentine---- was as effective as the nine–month isoniazid treatment plan.___47___, the short-course, three-month treatment plan had higher treatment completion rates and was also well ___48___.
There was some other difference. The two-drug, combination treatment was administered as directly ___49___ therapy. That means the patients took their medicine in the presence of a health care worker, to ensure that they followed the treatment plan. This was a large study, involving 7,500 participants in North America, Spain, and Brazil. Sterling ___50___ that most of the people in this study were HIV-negative. The results might be ___51___for HIV-positive people. A recent study in South Africa indicated that the combination therapy works well in people infected with HIV as well as tuberculosis, but the study was too small to be___52___.
Timothy Sterling’s research, published in The New England Journal of Medicine, has been ___53___ by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the CDC. The government health agency recommends the 12-dose weekly combination treatment as an equal alternative to the 270–dose daily treatment plan that has been the___54___therapy. But because of possible ___55___ issues, the CDC still recommends the daily treatment plan for HIV–positive patients who are taking antiretroviral drugs or women who are pregnant. Also because of a lack of data, the CDC says children under age 12 should stay with the nine-month daily treatment.
41. A. public B. persistent C. predictable D. mild
42. A. out of control B. beyond expectation C. without hope D. under threat
43. A. put up B. follow through C. get along D. come up
44. A. decreased B. maximized C. measured D. enhanced
45. A. supplement B. substitute C. promotion D. alternative
46. A. mixed B. replaced C. associated D. connected
47. A. As a result B. In addition C. In fact D. For instance
48. A. imposed B. tolerated C. cultivated D. infected
49. A. isolated B. implemented C. observed D. required
50. A. argues B. suggests C. commands D. warns
51. A. inevitable B. negative C. distinct D. indirect
52. A. definite B. desired C. logical D. detailed
53. A. conducted B. proved C. demonstrated D. approved
54. A. similar B. unique C. standard D. peculiar
55. A. personal B. crucial C. age D. safety
【答案】41. B 42. D 43. B 44. A 45. D 46. A 47. C 48. B 49. C 50. D 51. C 52. A 53. D 54. C 55. D
【解析】
本文属于新闻，介绍结核病是世界上最严重的疾病之一，但是研究人员发现了新的混合疗法用于肺结核疾病的治疗，效果更佳，但是仍不完善，对于HIV呈阳性的病人治疗时，政府机构持谨慎态度。
【41题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：肺结核是世界上最持久的健康威胁之一。A. public公共的；B. persistent固定的，持久的；C. predictable可预测的；D. mild温和的。根据后文The World Health Organization says tuberculosis kills nearly two million people each year可知，每年有大约200万人死于肺结核，故可知该病最持久，故选B。
【42题详解】
考查介词词义辨析。句意：还有二十亿人遭受肺结核病的威胁，没有任何症状。A. out of control摆脱控制；B. beyond expectation超出期望；C. without hope没有希望；D. under threat遭受威胁。根据后文没有任何症状可知，遭受威胁，故选D。
【43题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：有更高风险患肺结核的人可以服药，但是Vanderbilt University 研究人员Timothy Sterling 说不是每个人完成这个治疗，需要连续服药异烟肼九个月。A. put up忍受；B. follow through坚持到底；C. get along处理；D. come up提出。根据后文可知，需要服药九个月，故可知很难坚持到底，故选B。
【44题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此治疗的有效性会降低。A. decreased减少，降低；B. maximized最大化；C. measured测量；D. enhanced提升。根据前文many people do not take all their medication可知，很多人无法服用他们的药，可知效果降低，故选A。
【45题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为一种替代性药品，Sterling 和他的同事把异烟肼与利福喷汀混合。A. supplement补充；B. substitute代替者；C. promotion促进；D. alternative替代性用品。根据文章可知，做成一种新药替代之前的药品，故选D。
【46题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为一种替代性药品，Sterling 和他的同事把异烟肼与利福喷汀混合。A. mixed混合；B. replaced代替；C. associated联系；D. connected连接。根据文章可知，把两种药相结合，故选A。
【47题详解】
考查介词词义辨析。句意：事实上，短期疗程，三个月的治疗在治疗过程中完成率更高，更容易被患者接受。A. As a result因此；B. In addition另外；C. In fact事实上；D. For instance例如。根据前后句可知，本句讲述短期疗程的好处，故选C。
【48题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：事实上，短期疗程，三个月的治疗在治疗过程中完成率更高，更容易被患者接受。A. imposed强加，利用；B. tolerated容忍；C. cultivated培养；D. infected感染。根据前文higher treatment completion rates更高的治疗完成率可知，更容易被患者接受，故选B。
【49题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这两种药物结合疗治是通过直接观察的疗法进行的。A. isolated孤立的；B. implemented落实的；C. observed观察的；D. required要求的。根据后文That means the patients took their medicine in the presence of a health care worker可知，病人当着医护人员的面服药，故选C。
【50题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Sterling 警告说这份研究中的大多数人都是HIV呈阴性。A. argues争论；B. suggests建议；C. commands要求；D. warns警告。根据后文可知，研究人员研究的对象没有感染HIV，因而对感染HIV的患者意义不一样，故选D。
【51题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这个结果可能对HIV呈阳性的患者不同。A. inevitable无法避免的；B. negative消极的，阴性的；C. distinct明显的，不同的；D. indirect间接的。根据后文A recent study in South Africa indicated that the combination therapy works well in people infected with HIV as well as tuberculosis可知，研究发现，混合疗法对患有HIV和肺结核病人的效果很好，故选C。
【52题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是这个研究样本太小而不能确定。A. definite明确的；B. desired渴望的；C. logical 逻辑的；D. detailed详细的。根据文章可知，样本太小，不够明显，故选A。
【53题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Timothy Sterling 的研究发表在新英格兰医学杂志上，受到美国疾病控制和预防中心的支持和认可。A. conducted实施；B. proved证明；C. demonstrated证明；D. approved同意，认可。根据后文The government health agency recommends the 12-dose weekly combination treatment as an equal alternative to the 270–dose daily treatment plan可知CDC采用了混合疗法，故选D。
【54题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：政府医疗机构推荐每周12剂量的混合疗法作为对每天270剂量的标准疗法的替代性疗法。A. similar相似的；B. unique唯一的；C. standard 标准的；D. peculiar特殊的。根据文章可知，新疗法是标准疗法的替代性疗法，故选C。
【55题详解】
考查形容词和名词词义辨析。句意：因为可能出现安全问题，CDC对HIV呈阳性且正在服用抗转录病毒药以及孕妇依然推荐日常疗法。A. personal个人的；B. crucial关键的；C. age年龄；D. safety安全。分析句子可知，此做法是为了安全，故选D。
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
If a person who lived 200 years ago was treated for a seizure(癫痫)today, they would be surprised by the treatment’s freshness. That’s because doctors in the 1800s were influenced more by original medical beliefs than science.
Rather than thinking the brain caused seizures, people in the 1800s still thought they were the result of strange forces. They associated seizures with the work of evil spirits. Others felt that the seizures had a cosmic or lunar cause. They believed that the cycles of the moon and stars could make someone have a seizure.
During a process to treat a patient who has seizures, doctors would force the patient to pray for the grace of the God. They thought if the patient did this, then the patient would rid themselves of the evil spirits causing the seizures.
The arrival of modern psychiatry(精神病学) occurred during the 1800s. At that time people who suffered from seizures were placed in psychiatric hospitals. They were treated like they were mad. However, none of the out-of-date treatments worked.
It wasn’t until the late 1850s that the causes of seizures were understood. We know today that these causes are related to the brain. Misfired signals from the brain cause a jerking reflex(反射) in the body. These usually occur when someone is very tired.
Once the causes of seizures were known, definitive treatments were developed.Today, treatments range from taking pills to having surgery. Treatment is personalized according to the type of seizure the patient has.
Even today, some people are unsure about seizures. Their most common mistake is thinking that a person having a seizure will swallow their tongue. They often push some implement roughly in the person’s mouth. However, this doesn’t help. The implement often blocks the airway and prevents the person from breathing. Yet most of the public no longer fear people who have seizures. Instead, they can now help and comfort a person if they have a seizure.
56. Why would someone from the past be surprised by today’s treatments for seizures?
A. Because they believed in scientific treatment for seizures.
B. Because they believed seizures were caused by strange forces in nature.
C. Because they believed there would be no cure for seizures.
D. Because they believed patient would treat seizures by himself.
57. During the arrival of modern psychiatry how were people treated in psychiatric hospitals?
A. They were forced to ask the God for mercy.
B. They worked for the old-fashioned treatment.
C. They were considered senseless.
D. They were treated as evil spirits.
58. Which of the following condition can cause a seizure?
A. Rashes and other skin problems.
B. Infected wounds.
C. Stomach disorders.
D. Brain injuries
59. What’s the best title of the passage?
A. Symptoms Old and New
B. Universal Forces or Science
C. Seizures Now and Then
D. Treatments Effective or Not
【答案】56. B 57. C 58. D 59. C
【解析】
本文属于说明文，介绍在以前，癫痫被人们认为是跟宇宙天体有关，因此强迫患者向上帝祷告。随着现代精神病学的发展，癫痫被认为与大脑有关，因此产生了不同的疗法，但是依然对癫痫有错误的认识。
【56题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段That’s because doctors in the 1800s were influenced more by original medical beliefs than science.和第二段Rather than thinking the brain caused seizures, people in the 1800s still thought they were the result of strange forces.可知，在19世纪以前，医生认为癫痫是由于奇怪的力量造成的，故选B。
【57题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段They were treated like they were mad. However, none of the out-of-date treatments worked.可知，他们被当成发疯症状来接受治疗，可知，癫痫患者被认为是不理智的，故选C。
【58题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第三段We know today that these causes are related to the brain.可知，癫痫与大脑有关，故可知，大脑受伤可能会导致癫痫，故选D。
【59题详解】
主旨大意题。介绍在以前，癫痫被人们认为是跟宇宙天体有关，因此强迫患者向上帝祷告。随着现代精神病学的发展，癫痫被认为与大脑有关，因此产生了不同的疗法，故可知本文主要讲述，不同时代，对癫痫的不同认识，故选C。
(B)
How a few members of the animal kingdom handle the transition to adulthood?
African elephants
These beautiful beasts come close to imitate teen rebellion. Calves spend a decade with their mothers in female-dominated groups ---- and ladies stay there ---- but adolescent boys leave mom for noisy crews of bros. In their 20s, they often downsize to smaller male groups.
Orangutans (猩猩)
Slow metabolism allows these primates to survive food shortages ---- times when weather makes ripe fruit scarce. But energy efficiency comes at a cost; growth and maturation take time. Orangutan mamas nurse their young longer than any other wild creature does.
Orcas(逆戟鲸)
Killer whales join their mother’s familial group for life. This lasting-relationship seems to increase a pup’s chance of survival; if mom dies a young male (under 30) is three times more likely to die than a peer whose mother is alive. Risk of death post-mom-mortem rises as kids get older.
Harp seals
A harp seal’s “childhood” lasts just 12 days. A pup’s sole purpose during that brief period of coddling(宠爱) is to constantly nurse, gaining a fifth of its birth weight in blubber(鲸脂) every day. Once it’s fat ---- they become greater from 25 to 80 pounds ---- it slides off the ice and takes on the sea.
Wolf spiders
Every parent knows that tired toddlers love to hitch a piggyback ride. The wolf spider straps all her babies (40 or 50, on average) onto her back at once, carrying the brood until they are capable of fully functional spider-hood. But luckily she only has to pull them for a few days.
60. According to the passage, which animals take the biggest responsibility in raising their young?
A. Harp seals. B. African elephants C. Orcas. D. Wolf spiders.
61. What can we learn from the sentence “But luckily she only has to pull them for a few days”?
A. Other grown wolf spiders will come to take care of the babies.
B. The toddlers are too heavy for parents to hitch a piggyback ride.
C. Baby spiders are able to live on their own after a short period of time.
D. Baby spiders can make full use of spider-hood before they leave their parents.
62. Who will be interested in this passage?
A. A student who is doing a project on animal growth.
B. A kid who is keen on animal watching.
C. A zoo-worker who is responsible for visitors’ safety.
D. A doctor who specializes in animals’ health.
【答案】60. C 61. C 62. A
【解析】
本文属于说明文，介绍了五种动物成长的特点。
【60题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段This lasting-relationship seems to increase a pup’s chance of survival; if mom dies, a young male (under 30) is three times more likely to die than a peer whose mother is alive.可知，持久的关系能够增加小逆戟鲸的存活率，如果母逆戟鲸死了的话，小逆戟鲸的死亡风险会增加三倍，故可知，逆戟鲸的责任最大，故选C。
【61题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段But luckily she only has to pull them for a few days.可知，母狼蛛只需要背负这些小狼蛛几天时间，故可以得出小狼蛛成年只需要很短的时间，故选C。
【62题详解】
推理判断题。本文介绍了五种动物成长的特点，故可知，对动物成长感兴趣的人对本文感兴趣，故选A。
(C)
As advances in auto-technology have placed a huge number of self-driving machines on our roads and sidewalks, a side product has materialized in recent years: robot-babysitting.
In Phoenix, human attendants will remotely monitor Google’s upcoming Waymo robot-taxis, using the cars cameras to evaluate and adapt to passenger or road challenges. State safety regulations typically require that auto-vehicles be accompanied at all times by humans. These professionals’ job titles range from “robot handler” to “safety driver,” but they have essentially the same responsibilities: monitoring robot behavior for safety and performance, and answering questions about the technology. Broadly speaking, robot-babysitting jobs fall under the umbrella of careers in automation, which include maintenance, engineering, and programming.
However, some observers note that certain kinds of robot-babysitting –-- the kind that is boring and doesn’t require much education –-- can make for thankless work. The safety drivers who sit in self-driving cars have described their roles as“exhausting” and “demanding,” and many told me about the constant pressure to stay vigilant at all times. “It’s incredibly hard to sit in a chair and stare at a computer without doing anything for eight hours,” Ramsey said. “But you do not need a Ph.D. to do it.” In March 2018, the field of robot babysitting took a beating when a self-driving Uber in Tempe, Arizona, hit a 49-year old named Elaine Herzberg. Dashcam footage showed that Rafaela Vasquez, the car’s safety driver, had not been looking at the road when the accident occurred. Investigators are deciding if Vasquez will be charged with murder.
According to the McKinsey Global Institute, 10 million to 800 million jobs globally could be lost to automation by 2030. In the long term, it’s inevitable that robot-babysitters will go the way of elevator operators and lamplighters. But they’ll also birth new robot-related roles.“A huge number of jobs will be created as auto-vehicles are loosed into the environment,” Ramsey said. In 2016, Bosch started training students from Schoolcraft College, a community college in Michigan, in auto-vehicle repair: Toyota has trained students in maintenance as well. “We might even see a return to low-level jobs where people come and fuel the car for you,”Ramsey said. “Until we can wirelessly charge, someone needs to refuel them.” The hardest-to-automate industries, as it happens, are the ones that require looking after humans: childcare, education, health-care aides. Robot babysitters might feel like they have gained the job of the future. But in fact, real babysitters might be better positioned.
63. Robot-babysitting jobs do NOT include _______________.
A. answering the questions about the technique.
B. observing the certain kinds of the robot-babysitter.
C. monitoring the potential problems of the auto-vehicles.
D. maintaining the vehicles which are out of order.
64. The underlined word “vigilant” most probably means “.”
A. grateful B. suspicious C. fit D. alert
65. According to Ramsey, what will happen when auto-vehicles are released into the market?
A. A lot of opportunities will be created.
B. A large number of people will be out of work.
C. Auto-vehicles will become much cheaper.
D. Many people will turn to buying auto-cars.
66. What’s this passage mainly about?
A. The Rise and Fall of Robot Babysitters.
B. The Future of Auto-Vehicles.
C. The Life and Employment of the Future.
D. The Position of Robot Babysitters.
【答案】63. B 64. D 65. A 66. A
【解析】
【分析】
本文属于新闻，介绍无人驾驶科技的兴起会产生新的职业，机器人保姆，专门维护和管理机器人，但是由于其强度大，因此门槛低，因为无人驾驶科技的兴起，导致很多职业消失了，但是也会创造出很多新的职业。
【63题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段These professionals’ job titles range from “robot handler” to “safety driver,” but they have essentially the same responsibilities: monitoring robot behavior for safety and performance, and answering questions about the technology. Broadly speaking, robot-babysitting jobs fall under the umbrella of careers in automation, which include maintenance, engineering, and programming.可知，机器人保姆有着相同的责任，比如监视安全和运行，回答关于技术的问题，机器人保姆，从广义上来讲，包含了维护，工程以及编程，故选B。
【64题详解】
词义猜测题。根据本段It’s incredibly hard to sit in a chair and stare at a computer without doing anything for eight hours可知，在椅子上做八个小时，只能盯着电脑屏幕，故可知随时保持警惕，故选D。
【65题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段A huge number of jobs will be created as auto-vehicles are loosed into the environment,” Ramsey said.可知，当自动驾驶汽车投入市场的话，会创造很多新的工作，故选A。
【66题详解】
主旨大意题。介绍无人驾驶的兴起会产生新的职业，机器人保姆，专门维护和管理机器人，但是由于其强度大，因此门槛低，因为无人驾驶的兴起，导致很多职业消失了，但是也会创造出很多新的职业，故选A。
【点睛】主旨大意题的做题技巧。这类试题要求对文章的整体或局部（如段落）进行分析、概括，归纳相关部分的中心大意(Main idea)，选择标题(title)，判断作者的写作目的(purpose)等，旨在考查考生加工与浓缩信息的能力。这一项考查的是文章的灵魂与中心。记叙文、议论文常考文章的主旨大意。一般主旨大意常出现在文章的开头，有时也出现在结尾。当然更重要的是从全文去把握。首先，任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，许多文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。第二，要搞清是问某一段还是全文的大意。可利用段落信息来把握文脉，进行综合归纳，概括文章的主题。如有标题，标题中的蕴含的信息往往是关键信息。第三: 要学会借助文章的结构来把握中心思想。段落中心思想常常由主题句( Topic sentence)来表达。主题句常常出现在段首(60%--90%)或段尾处, 有时也在段落中间。同样, 一篇文章的中心思想也常常在开始段或结尾段点出。因此, 在阅读中, 我们要对文章的开始段和结尾段及段落的主题句给予特别的注意。
小题4，介绍无人驾驶科技的兴起会产生新的职业，机器人保姆，专门维护和管理机器人，但是由于其强度大，因此门槛低，因为无人驾驶科技的兴起，导致很多职业消失了，但是也会创造出很多新的职业，故选A。
Section C
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
The North Star
Among the pile of stars in the universe, there are a couple that are of great importance to people on Earth. The sun, of course, is one of them. The other is known as Polaris, the North Star. _____67_____. Therefore, it is a great compass(指南针).When people in the northern part of Earth look toward Polaris, they can be certain that they are facing north. The permanence of Polaris in the north sky has helped countless people find their destinations.
Before the invention of modern navigation tools, sailors relied on Polaris. From the top of their ships, sailors would look for Polaris to figure out their place at sea. They figured out the angle between the star and the horizon to determine their latitude(纬度). As long as the equations were not wrong, the results were very reliable. Polaris also let sailors determine North, South, East, and West. ______68______
To those who sail at night, changeable storms and dark clouds were more than annoying things.______69______.It’s possible for a captain to make an accidental wrong turn. The ship could become stranded at sea, and the frustrated captain would have no way to get the ship back on the right course. The sailor’s fears wouldn’t be relieved until the clouds cleared and Polaris came back into view. Even today, sailors sometimes choose to steer by using Polaris on clear nights.
_____70_____. The Big Dipper, a constellation that is well known in astrology, appears to revolve around Polaris. The handle of the Big Dipper always points to the North Star. When people get lost, it’s comforting to know that their problems can be relieved by looking at the sky.
A. It’s not difficult to tell the Polaris apart from the pile of other stars in the universe.
B. People who are lost can be relieved by gazing up at Polaris.
C. By knowing directions and their location, sailors could easily steer their ships.
D. They could destroy entire journeys by blocking the view of Polaris.
E. It’s certain that the Polaris is part of a constellation(星座), which is not far from it.
F. It is special because it is the only star that always appears to be in the same place in the sky.
【答案】67. F 68. C
69. D 70. A
【解析】
【分析】
本文属于说明文，介绍北极星对我们的作用和意义。
【67题详解】
根据后一句Therefore, it is a great compass(指南针).可知，因此是一个很好的指南针，讲述北极星的作用，F选项，北极星特殊之处在于它似乎总在天空的同一个位置，故可以用作指南针，切题，故选F。
【68题详解】
根据前一句Polaris also let sailors determine North, South, East, and West可知，北极星可以帮助水手确定东南西北方向，C选项，确定方向和位置之后，就可以调整航线，切题，故选C。
【69题详解】
根据前一句To those who sail at night, changeable storms and dark clouds were more than annoying things.可知，对于夜间航行的人来说，变幻莫测的风暴和黑云是最让人头疼的，D选项，这些东西可以通过遮蔽北极星让整个航线变得困难重重，紧接前一句，切题，故选D。
【70题详解】
根据后一句The Big Dipper, a constellation that is well known in astrology, appears to revolve around Polaris.可知，北斗七星似乎总是围绕着北极星运转，A选项，不难区分北极星和其他星星，后文讲述北极星的特别之处，切题，故选A。
【点睛】六选四做题技巧。做题的时候边读边做。各个问题附近的句子都需要重点阅读，圈画一些线索，再从选项中寻找相关的特征词用来判断正确答案。带入排除法也是一种很好的方法。另外，如果发现有一题拿不准的，先跳过，先做容易的能做出的题，直到读完整篇文章。至此，文章的要点和主旨、各个段落之间的逻辑关系应该基本就能清楚了。然后再回过去做之前不确定的题目。
比如小题4，根据后一句The Big Dipper, a constellation that is well known in astrology, appears to revolve around Polaris.可知，北斗七星似乎总是围绕着北极星运转，A选项，不难区分北极星和其他星星，后文讲述北极星的特别之处，切题，故选A。
IV.Summary Writing
71.Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible.
Unfair Comparisons
Thanks to social media, the distance between friends is smaller than ever. But does that make us happier? Not necessarily. A recent study has found spending too much time comparing your life with the seemingly perfect lives of your friends on social media can result in depressive symptoms.
We’ve all done it ---- browsing through our WeChat friends’ updates while feeling that green-eyed monster holding its head in our minds: Are their homes bigger and more tasteful? Are their vacations more expensive and exciting? Are their careers more successful and rewarding?
Comparison is the thief of joy. The more time you spend on social media, the more likely it is for you to feel depressive symptoms, according to a new study out of University of Houston.The study, led by Mai-Ly Steers, examines the potential impact online social comparison can have on a person’s mental health.
“The underlying mechanism is social comparison,” Steers said. “The reason why you feel these feelings is that you tend to socially compare yourself with your friends.”
This social comparison theory was popularized by US psychologist Leon Festinger in the 1950s. According to an article in The Atlantic Festinger argued that people have born tendencies to track their progress and measure their self-worth by comparing themselves with other people. That social comparison leads to feelings of insignificance and insecurity. Research has since found that making social comparisons, especially upward comparisons (to people we think above us for whatever reason), are associated with negative health outcomes like depressive symptoms and decreased self-esteem.
“You can’t really control the strong desire to compare because you never know what your friends are going to post. In addition, most of our friends tend to post about the good things that occur in their lives, while leaving out the bad. If we’re comparing ourselves with our friends’‘sharable highlights’, this may lead us to think their lives are better than they actually are, and thus make us feel worse about our own lives.”
So if you are the jealous type, maybe think about signing off of your WeChat for a while. Your well-being may depend on it.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Social media can cause depressive symptoms, because people are likely to compare with their friends. It can result in insignificant and insecure feelings about themselves, since they cannot resist their own desire to compare with their friends about their good things. Therefore, people should stay away from the WeChat for a while.
【解析】
【分析】
本文属于议论文，讲述不正确的比较会让我们抑郁，降低幸福感。
【详解】本文为总分结构，首先抛出观点社交媒体的发展，不正确的比较让我们更容易抑郁，之后具体解释了其原因，人们总是忍不住要去和朋友作比较，而朋友更多展示好的，隐藏了不好的东西，最后得出结论，提升幸福感要适当避开社交媒体。
V. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
72. 尽管他已经非常尽力，他还是没能弥补损失。(as)
__________________________
73. 如今，为网络优质资源付费似乎是个热门现象。(seem)
__________________________
74. 我认为这些家长们的焦虑源自于对孩子未来的不确定性，以及对成功这个概念的落伍理解。(result)
__________________________
75. 老年人能安度晚年，孩子们有幸福的童年，那就有千家万户幸福愉悦的家庭。(lead)
__________________________
【答案】72. Hard as he tried, he failed to make up for the loss.
73. Nowadays, it seems that paying for quality online resources is a popular phenomenon.
74. I think these parents’ anxiety results from uncertainty about their children’s future, and out-of-date concepts of success.
75. When our senior citizens have decent lives in retirement and our children have nice childhoods, all families will lead happier lives.
【解析】
【72题详解】
尽管他已经非常尽力Hard as he tried，运用了倒装句式，弥补损失make up for the loss。故译为Hard as he tried, he failed to make up for the loss。
【73题详解】
为网络优质资源付费paying for quality online resources，似乎it seems that，热门现象popular phenomenon。故译为iNowadays, it seems that paying for quality online resources is a popular phenomenon。
【74题详解】
源自于results from，家长们的焦虑parents’ anxiety，孩子未来的不确定性uncertainty about their children’s future，落伍的out-of-date。故译为I think these parents’ anxiety results from uncertainty about their children’s future, and out-of-date concepts of success。
【75题详解】
安度晚年have decent lives in retirement，幸福的童年nice childhoods，幸福愉悦lead happier lives。故译为When our senior citizens have decent lives in retirement and our children have nice childhoods, all families will lead happier lives。
VI. Guided Writing
76.Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
据报道，某大学一宿舍的学生突发奇想建立了“夸夸群”。在群里，无论发生什么都会收到别人的夸奖和赞扬，心情不好，压力太大的时候也能收到安慰。但有些同学认为很假，应该建立“喷喷群”。那么究竟是在“夸夸群”恢复信心更好，还是在“喷喷群”中找骂认清自己更有用？
请谈谈你对此的看法，并陈述你的理由。
(备注:夸夸群---- praise-seeking group；喷喷群----criticism-seeking group)
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 With increasing study and employment pressure, many students are seeking for comfort. Therefore, some praise-seeking groups come into being. Those in favor of it hold the belief that with more praise and compliment, they are more confident and optimistic for the future, while others don’t agree with it, for students are likely to escape pressure and their shortcoming, so they can’t develop themselves properly.
From my point of view, we can’t ignore the positive effect of praise-seeking groups on the students. With others’ encouragement, it’s certain that we are more likely to make it and be happy. However, without fully knowing ourselves, we are doomed to fail. Therefore, when we enjoy others’ praise, we must recognize our strengths and weakness, and try to learn from others’ strengths to make up for our own weaknesses.
【解析】
【分析】
本文属于议论文，要求写一篇关于夸夸群的议论文。
【详解】本文属于议论文，要求写一篇关于夸夸群的议论文，时态用一般现在时，本文主要要点如下：①某大学一宿舍的学生突发奇想建立了“夸夸群”。在群里，无论发生什么都会收到别人的夸奖和赞扬，心情不好，压力太大的时候也能收到安慰：② 但有些同学认为很假，应该建立“喷喷群；③自己的观点；④陈述理由。
第二步：根据关键要点，确定关键词，praise-seeking group（夸夸群），praise and compliment（赞美），confident and optimistic（自信乐观）等。
第三步：根据提示及关键词进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题以及句子结构完整。
第四步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，使之自然流畅，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面。
【点睛】本篇范文结构清晰，内容完整，过渡衔接严谨自然，符合议论文的要求，其中不乏亮点句型。
同位语从句的使用Those in favor of it hold the belief that with more praise and compliment, they are more confident and optimistic for the future, while others don’t agree with it, for students are likely to escape pressure and their shortcoming, so they can’t develop themselves properly.
时间状语从句的使用Therefore, when we enjoy others’ praise, we must recognize our strengths and weakness, and try to learn from others’ strengths to make up for our own weaknesses.
高三英语试卷
(时间120分钟，分值140分)
I. Listening Comprehension
SectionA
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1.
A. At a shop. B. In a car.
C. In a plane. D. On a farm.
【答案】C
【解析】
【分析】
W: Fasten your seat belt, sir.
M: Of course, I didn’t realize that we were going to land so soon.
Q: Where does this conversation most probably take place?
【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。
2.
A. Customer and shop assistant. B. Trainer and trainee.
C. Customer and travel agent. D. Sailor and tourist.
【答案】A
【解析】
【分析】
W: I really like the red tennis racket and the price is also attractive. I am wondering whether you can ship it overseas to Shanghai.
M: Sorry. We don’t provide this service.
Q: What is the probable relationship between the two speakers?
【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。
3.
A. $ 2. B. $ 1.5. C. $ 3. D. $ 3.5.
【答案】D
【解析】
【分析】
M: I’d like to send this package by rapid service.
W: Sure. That will cost $ 2 for the postage and another $ 1.5 for the rapid service.
Q: How much in all will it cost the man to send the package?
【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。
4.
A. A travel agency. B. Sales strategies.
C. A job opportunity. D. Tour news.
【答案】C
【解析】
【分析】
M: Good news. The ad says they need a salesperson. That’ll be perfect for you, for you like travelling very much.
W: That sounds nice. Did they mention anything about experience?
Q: What are they talking about?
【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。
5.
A. She is very busy.
B. She dislikes parties.
C. She has an invitation already.
D. She questions the man’s purpose.
【答案】A
【解析】
【分析】
M: So, can we have a get-together sometime this week? I mean any day. Any day’s fine.
W: Sorry. This week’s out of the question. I have a pile of paperwork to finish.
Q: What does the woman mean?
【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。
6.
A. The club members aren’t available.
B. The Internet doesn’t work.
C. She doesn’t have time to do it.
D. The email hasn’t been ready.
【答案】B
【解析】
【分析】
M: Lily, could you forward this email to all club members?
W: Sorry, the Internet has been down for a while. I’ll do it for you as soon as I have it fixed.
Q: Why can’t the woman forward this email at the moment?
【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。
7.
A. She is going to miss her first class.
B. She prefers going to the dentist later in the day.
C. The man will be back before his first class.
D. The man might sleep late and miss his appointment.
【答案】C
【解析】
【分析】
M: I have to be atthe dentist’s at seven thirty tomorrow morning.
W: Then you won’t miss any classes.
Q: What does the woman imply?
【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。
8.
A. She could help the man a lot.
B. She’s never been to the city.
C. She knows the city very well.
D. She doesn’t remember much about the city.
【答案】D
【解析】
【分析】
M: To collect data for my report, I need to talk to someone who knows the city very well.
W: Oh, I wish I could help, but I was only a child before I left the city.
Q: What does the woman imply?
【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。
9.
A. He was sorry for the woman’s absence.
B. He was happy about the woman’s absence.
C. He suggested the woman bring her daughter.
D. He suggested the woman visit the university.
【答案】C
【解析】
【分析】
W: I’d love to join you in the West Lake trip, but my daughter will come back home from the university. What a pity!
M: It’s not a big deal. The more, the merrier.
Q: What does the man mean?
【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。
10.
A. The man forgot to go to the cinema with the woman.
B. Both of the speakers enjoyed the film.
C. An exciting film will be on next week.
D. The woman was interested in exploring space.
【答案】B
【解析】
【分析】
W: Do you remember the film about space exploration that was on last week?
M: Sure, we watched it together and were quite impressed.
Q: What do we learn from the conversation?
【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and a longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions are based on the following passage.
11.
A. Their project has lasted for a year.
B. Their project is a part of their research.
C. They were born and bred in New York.
D. They liked to talk to strangers when young.
12. A. Ambitious. B. Difficult. C. Creative. D. Well-prepared.
13.
A. Two psychologists conduct field research on New York streets.
B. Two young men listen to people and give them their suggestions.
C. Two psychologists help solve people’s problems with what they learn.
D. Two young people encourage people to talk to them, believing it can help.
【答案】11. A 12. C 13. D
【解析】
It is evening rush hour in the Times Square subway station—perhaps the busiest time of the day at the busiest place in the busiest city of the country. Liz Barry and Bill Wetzel have just settled into two chairs against a wall. Before them is a sign that reads, in large white letters, “TALK TO ME.”
Amazingly, for the next two hours, people do. Dozens of them. Two 17-year-old girls talk about their science class. A middle-aged man gives his views on politics. A young woman with purple hair, near tears, has recently broken with her boyfriend. She hasn’t gotten over it yet and she wants to talk.
Barry and Wetzel came to New York only a year ago, but they have already heard thousands of stories like these. They have walked the streets and avenues, set up their sign and listened.
Barry and Wetzel, in their 20s, have discovered that talking is highly healing for New Yorkers. “Taking a little time out from a busy schedule to talk to someone you’ve never met can change your whole outlook forever,” Liz Barry says.
Barry and Wetzel figure that now, after a year, is a good time to stop. They still haven’t decided what to do next, but it’s unlikely to be something as original as their “Talk to me” project.
Which of the following statements is true about Barry and Wetzel?
What does the speaker think of Barry and Wetzel’s project?
What is the passage mainly about?
【11题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【12题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【13题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
Questions are based on the following passage.
14.
A. Mark Zuckerberg and Bill Gates are middle children.
B. Competitive and flexible personalities decide their success.
C. They share the idealistic personalities and pursue perfection.
D. Their sensitivity to the surroundings leads to their achievement.
15.
A. Scientists. B. Chief executive officials.
C. Artists. D. Classical music players.
16.
A. Family size plays a part.
B. Birth order affects personality.
C. Birth order influences career paths.
D. How people achieve their success.
【答案】14. B 15. C 16. C
【解析】
For many years, studies have shown that birth order affects personality, but new researchconfirms that whether you’re an older, middle or youngerchild in the family bears an impact oncareer paths too.
The researchers found significant evidence to support the theory that birth order has a markedeffect on career paths. They analyzed a random sample of over 500 of the most successfulindividuals from 11 different career groups.
One of the most clear findings was that middle children are 30 percent more likely to becomecompany CEOS than their sisters and brothers.
The researchers suggested that this could be because having to fight for attention results inmiddle children developing personality traits such as competitiveness and flexibility, which thenmakes them suited to high-flying roles which require strategic thinking and high levels ofmanagement. Mark Zuckerberg, Bill Gates are both middle children.
In encouraging news for middle children across the world, the study also found that they’re 41percent more likely to be Olympic athletes. Overall, there are far more typical cases than exceptions.
Interestingly, a majority of astronauts are first-born children----Buzz Aldrin and NeilArmstrong are examples. Eldest children are also most likely to become scientists or engineers likeStephen Hawking.
Youngest children like Johann Sebastian Bach and Mozart were found to be 50 percent morelikely to have careers in classical music, possibly for their sensitive and idealistic personality.
As for only children, they’re more likely to become artists due to their perfectionist andmature personalities. The average UK family has 2.44 children, but the researchers found thatfamily size does play a part. Scientists were found to come from much larger families than average.
According to the passage, why are middle children more likely to be in a managementposition?
What are the most potential career roles for the only children?
What is the passage mainly about?
【14题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【15题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【16题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
Questions are based on the following passage.
17.
A. Because of their durability.
B. Because they are symbols of status.
C. Because of the trend in fashion.
D. Because they look quite appealing.
18.
A. The man was the creator of jeans.
B. The man applied for a patent for jeans.
C. Levi’s led to the popularity of jeans.
D. Levi’s led to a flood of fake products.
19.
A. They are durable and wash easily.
B. They appear on sex and violence ads.
C. They win the favor of many women liberalists.
D. They are influenced by cowboy style and rebellious spirit.
20.
A. The advantages of jeans.
B. The culture of western America.
C. The history of jeans.
D. The change of jeans.
【答案】17. A 18. C 19. D 20. C
【解析】
W: Dan, long time no see. How are you going these days?
M: I’ve spent the whole summer vacation preparing my essay.
W: What is it about？
M: Jeans. The history of jeans.
W: Sounds quite appealing. In my memory, jeans were only worn by poor people and laborers. They are affordable and highly valued as work wear.
M: Exactly. They were rough clothing worn by working men because of its durability. They wear well and wash easily, which is superior to other materials.
W: What did middle class people wear at that time?
M: In contrast, middle and upper class people wore suits made of material like linen as a symbol of status.
W: Then, why did jeans become trendy?
M: I think there are three factors contributing to their popularity. Firstly, in 1908, the expiration of a patent “Levi’s” led to jeans on the market.
W: You mean, the imitation jeans flooded on the market.
M: Yes. Secondly, the Romanization of “cowboy lifestyle” made jeans popular.
W: I agree. A large number of western films helped their popularity such as Rebel Without a Cause and The Wild One. In the film, heroes wore jeans as a way of rebelling against social expectations. What else?
M: In the 1980s, interest in jeans ran high with the release of a series of sex and violence ads.
W: As you mentioned, jeans were a symbol of rebellion, were they allowed in schools or other formal occasions?
M: No, but as time went on, they become acceptable. People often wear them when they are not on duty to show their identity and a positive and casual lifestyle.
W: That’s why they become popular after World War II.
M: That’s quite reasonable. I didn’t realize it.
W: To women, jeans have another advantage. They don’t need to be washed often and don’t need to be ironed. Women can save more time on housework.
Why were jeans favored by working people?
Why did the man mention Levi’s?
What was the second reason for the popularity of jeans?
What were the two speakers mainly talking about?
【17题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【18题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【19题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【20题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Time to Learn How to Sort
Whatever we don’t want ---- no matter whether it’s eggshells, newspapers, soda cans or old socks ---- it’s all garbage. And garbage goes to the garbage bin. There seems to be ___21___wrong with that. But do you really know how to throw away garbage properly?
China ___22___ (promote) garbage sorting for over a decade, but for the majority of the public the concept hasn’t sunk in. Shenzhen issued a new regulation. It says residents will be fined up to 100 yuan and organizations 1,000 yuan for not sorting rubbish ___23___specific groups.
“It’s evident that the government is determined to push this forward,” said Zhang Ning, a program officer ___24___(serve) in a Beijing-based public welfare organization. “But I’m afraid the regulation will prove to be counter-productive because garbage sorting has never been achieved by merely imposing severe punishments.”
A recent survey found that 49.5 percent of the respondents said they still don’t know how to sort garbage, ___25___45.5percent just can’t be bothered to do it. “Lots of citizens ___26___(confuse)about what’s recyclable and what’s general waste. For example, it’s scarcely known that tissue is non-recyclable because it’s too moisture-prone and usually too polluted ___27___ (recycle).” said Zhang, a representative.
According to Zhang, 70 percent of garbage is a“ ___28___(misplace)resource”. For instance, a ton of waste steel can be refined into 0.9 tons of usable steel, and a ton of kitchen waste is able to produce 0.3 tons of organic fertilizer.
But all of this is based on the condition ___29___the garbage is categorized properly. And the behavior of households ____30____the sorting process initially starts ---- is the key. Garbage sorting is a chain effect. Misconduct at the very beginning will make all the following efforts go in vain.
Garbage sorting is a complex issue and takes patience. So next time when you throw away what is called “garbage”, do it in the right way.
【答案】21. nothing
22. has promoted/ has been promoting
23. into 24. serving
25. while 26. are confused
27. to be recycled
28. misplaced
29. that 30. where
【解析】
本文属于新闻，介绍中国正在推进垃圾分类，但是更多的是，人们对垃圾分类的知识不够了解，需要很长的时间和路要走。
【21题详解】
考查代词。句意：这似乎没有问题。根据后句But do you really know how to throw away garbage properly?可知，你知道如何正确处理垃圾吗？可知，垃圾扔到垃圾箱里，似乎没问题，nothing wrong with sth没问题，故用nothing。
【22题详解】
考查动词时态和语态。句意：中国推进垃圾分类已经超过十年了。根据for over a decade可知，超过十年，强调过去的动作对现在的影响，故用现在完成时has promoted，也可以表示过去动作一直持续到现在，并有可能一直持续下去，也可以用现在完成时has been promoting。
【23题详解】
考查介词。句意：据说垃圾没有分成特定的种类，居民将会被罚款达100元，机构将会被罚1000元。分析句子可知，本句为短语sort sth into sth把…分类成，故用介词into。
【24题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：很明显，中国决心推进垃圾分类，张宁说到，一个北京的公共福利机构的项目负责人。分析句子可知，serve作后置定语修饰officer，与其逻辑主语为主谓关系，故用现在分词形式serving。
【25题详解】
考查连词。句意:一份调查研究发现，49.5%的采访者说他们不知道如何垃圾分类，而45.5%的认为垃圾分类很麻烦。分析句子可知，前后句进行了对比，故用连词while。
【26题详解】
考查动词时态和语态。句意：很多公民分不清可回收垃圾和普通垃圾。分析句子可知，本句缺乏谓语，本句为短语be confused about对…混淆，故用are confused。
【27题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：很少有人知道纸巾是不可回收的，因为回收纸巾很容易受潮和被污染。分析句子可知，本句为短语too ….to太…而不能，recycle与it为动宾关系，故用to be recycled。
【28题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：根据张宁的说法，70%的垃圾都是放错地方的资源。分析句子可知，misplace修饰名词resource，与其属于动宾关系，故用过去分词形式misplaced。
【29题详解】
考查同位语从句。句意：所有的这些都是以合理分类垃圾为条件。分析句子可知，the garbage is categorized properly对condition的具体解释说明，作同位语，从句结构意思完整，故用引导词that。
【30题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：每家每户开始垃圾分类才是关键。分析句子可知，the sorting process initially starts为限制性定语从句修饰先行词households，从句缺地点状语，故用关系副词where。
Section B
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
Bad News for Apple; Good News for Humanity
When Apple cut its revenue estimate(收益预期) for the last quarter of 2018 because of unexpectedly slow sales of iPhones, markets trembled. The company’s share price, which had been _____31_____ for months, fell by a further 10% on January 3rd, the day after the news came out. Apple’s suppliers’ shares were also hit.
Analysts assume that the number of smartphones sold in 2018 will be slightly lower than in 2017, the industry’s first ever annual decline. All this is terrible news for investors who had _____32_____ on continued growth. But step back and look at the bigger picture. That smartphone sales have peaked, and seem to be _____33_____ off at around 1.4billion units a year, is good news for humanity. The slowdown is actually the result of market saturation (饱和), which hits Apple the hardest because, despite a relatively small market share (13% of smartphone users), it captures almost all of the industry’s _____34_____. But Apple’s pain is humanity’s gain. The fact that the benefits of these magical devices are now so widely _____35_____ is something to be celebrated.
Now many phones are used for longer than three years, often as hand-me-downs. Replacement cycles are lengthening as new models offer only _____36_____ improvements. So even with flat sales, the longer _____37_____ between upgrades mean people who already have phones benefit. For all but the most addicted device fans, the slowing pace of upgrades comes as a welcome _____38_____.
Does that mean innovation is slowing? No. As computers become smaller, still more _____39_____ and closer to people’s bodies, many technicians expect that wearable devices, from smart watches to AR headsets, will be the next big thing. Even so, finding another product with the scope of the smartphone is a tall order. The smartphone holds its ______40______ as the device that will make computing and communications worldwide. The recent slowing of smartphone sales is bad news for the industry, obviously. But for the rest of humanity it is a welcome sign that a transformative technology has become almost universal.
【答案】31. C 32. E
33. K 34. G
35. H 36. A
37. F 38. I
39. B 40. D
【解析】
本文属于新闻，讲述苹果手机销量下滑，导致公司股价下滑，但是这不一定是坏事，也有其积极的意义。
【31题详解】
考查动词。句意：在过去的几个月里，苹果公司的股价持续下跌，但是新闻出来之后的第二天，下滑超过10%。分析句子可知，本句缺乏谓语，由于本句有had been，故用后用ing，结合语境，下滑，故用sliding，故选C。
【32题详解】
考查动词。句意：对于那些看好持续上涨的投资者来说，这些信息很恐怖。本句为短语count on指望，故选E。
【33题详解】
考查动词。句意：对于人们来说这是一个好消息，智能手机销售已经达到顶峰，似乎维持在每年14亿部。根据前一句smartphone sales have peaked可知，销售达到顶峰，维持平稳，本句为短语level off使平稳，故选K。
【34题详解】
考查名词。句意：尽管苹果手机市场份额很小，但是捕获了该行业最大的利润。根据文章可知，苹果手机的利润最大，故选G。
【35题详解】
考查动词。句意：这些神奇设备的好处被广泛分配这一事实是值得庆祝的事情。根据本句so widely可知，广泛分配，故选H。
【36题详解】
考查形容词。句意：当新的设备提升空间很小，那么手机更换周期就会加长。分析句子可知，修饰名词improvement用形容词，根据语境可知，marginal微小的，故选A。
【37题详解】
考查名词。句意：即使销售业绩平平，更新周期的加长对手机用户来说就有好处。根据本句的between upgrades可知，更新之间的间隙，故用gaps，选F。
【38题详解】
考查名词。句意：除了那些苹果的忠实粉丝，手机更新频率降低减缓手机用户压力。分析句子可知，本句缺乏名词，根据语境用relief，故选I。
【39题详解】
考查形容词。句意：因为电脑变得更小，更个人化，更靠近人类身体。分析句子可知，与closer并列，故用形容词，故选B。
【40题详解】
考查名词。句意：智能手机有可能让信息处理技术和通讯全球化。本句为短语hold its promise拥有前景，故选D。
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Now U.S. researchers have identified a new way to treat people infected with tuberculosis (肺结核)before they get sick.
Tuberculosis is one of the world’s most ___41___ health threats.The World Health Organization says tuberculosis kills nearly two million people each year. Another two billion are ___42___: they are infected, but don’t have symptoms of the disease. Those at highest risk can take medicine, but Vanderbilt University researcher Timothy Sterling says not everyone ___43___ with the treatment, which is a daily dose of isoniazid(异烟肼，抗结核药)for nine months. So although the medication is highly effective if people take all of their medication, many people do not take all their medication and therefore the effectiveness of the treatment plan is___44___. As a(n) ___45___, Sterling and his colleagues ___46___ isoniazid with another drug, rifapentine(利福喷汀).The combination was taken weekly, not daily, for just three months. And the results of this study showed that the new treatment plan ---- the three months of isoniazid and rifapentine---- was as effective as the nine–month isoniazid treatment plan.___47___, the short-course, three-month treatment plan had higher treatment completion rates and was also well ___48___.
There was some other difference. The two-drug, combination treatment was administered as directly ___49___ therapy. That means the patients took their medicine in the presence of a health care worker, to ensure that they followed the treatment plan. This was a large study, involving 7,500 participants in North America, Spain, and Brazil. Sterling ___50___ that most of the people in this study were HIV-negative. The results might be ___51___for HIV-positive people. A recent study in South Africa indicated that the combination therapy works well in people infected with HIV as well as tuberculosis, but the study was too small to be___52___.
Timothy Sterling’s research, published in The New England Journal of Medicine, has been ___53___ by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the CDC. The government health agency recommends the 12-dose weekly combination treatment as an equal alternative to the 270–dose daily treatment plan that has been the___54___therapy. But because of possible ___55___ issues, the CDC still recommends the daily treatment plan for HIV–positive patients who are taking antiretroviral drugs or women who are pregnant. Also because of a lack of data, the CDC says children under age 12 should stay with the nine-month daily treatment.
41. A. public B. persistent C. predictable D. mild
42. A. out of control B. beyond expectation C. without hope D. under threat
43. A. put up B. follow through C. get along D. come up
44. A. decreased B. maximized C. measured D. enhanced
45. A. supplement B. substitute C. promotion D. alternative
46. A. mixed B. replaced C. associated D. connected
47. A. As a result B. In addition C. In fact D. For instance
48. A. imposed B. tolerated C. cultivated D. infected
49. A. isolated B. implemented C. observed D. required
50. A. argues B. suggests C. commands D. warns
51. A. inevitable B. negative C. distinct D. indirect
52. A. definite B. desired C. logical D. detailed
53. A. conducted B. proved C. demonstrated D. approved
54. A. similar B. unique C. standard D. peculiar
55. A. personal B. crucial C. age D. safety
【答案】41. B 42. D 43. B 44. A 45. D 46. A 47. C 48. B 49. C 50. D 51. C 52. A 53. D 54. C 55. D
【解析】
本文属于新闻，介绍结核病是世界上最严重的疾病之一，但是研究人员发现了新的混合疗法用于肺结核疾病的治疗，效果更佳，但是仍不完善，对于HIV呈阳性的病人治疗时，政府机构持谨慎态度。
【41题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：肺结核是世界上最持久的健康威胁之一。A. public公共的；B. persistent固定的，持久的；C. predictable可预测的；D. mild温和的。根据后文The World Health Organization says tuberculosis kills nearly two million people each year可知，每年有大约200万人死于肺结核，故可知该病最持久，故选B。
【42题详解】
考查介词词义辨析。句意：还有二十亿人遭受肺结核病的威胁，没有任何症状。A. out of control摆脱控制；B. beyond expectation超出期望；C. without hope没有希望；D. under threat遭受威胁。根据后文没有任何症状可知，遭受威胁，故选D。
【43题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：有更高风险患肺结核的人可以服药，但是Vanderbilt University 研究人员Timothy Sterling 说不是每个人完成这个治疗，需要连续服药异烟肼九个月。A. put up忍受；B. follow through坚持到底；C. get along处理；D. come up提出。根据后文可知，需要服药九个月，故可知很难坚持到底，故选B。
【44题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此治疗的有效性会降低。A. decreased减少，降低；B. maximized最大化；C. measured测量；D. enhanced提升。根据前文many people do not take all their medication可知，很多人无法服用他们的药，可知效果降低，故选A。
【45题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为一种替代性药品，Sterling 和他的同事把异烟肼与利福喷汀混合。A. supplement补充；B. substitute代替者；C. promotion促进；D. alternative替代性用品。根据文章可知，做成一种新药替代之前的药品，故选D。
【46题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为一种替代性药品，Sterling 和他的同事把异烟肼与利福喷汀混合。A. mixed混合；B. replaced代替；C. associated联系；D. connected连接。根据文章可知，把两种药相结合，故选A。
【47题详解】
考查介词词义辨析。句意：事实上，短期疗程，三个月的治疗在治疗过程中完成率更高，更容易被患者接受。A. As a result因此；B. In addition另外；C. In fact事实上；D. For instance例如。根据前后句可知，本句讲述短期疗程的好处，故选C。
【48题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：事实上，短期疗程，三个月的治疗在治疗过程中完成率更高，更容易被患者接受。A. imposed强加，利用；B. tolerated容忍；C. cultivated培养；D. infected感染。根据前文higher treatment completion rates更高的治疗完成率可知，更容易被患者接受，故选B。
【49题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这两种药物结合疗治是通过直接观察的疗法进行的。A. isolated孤立的；B. implemented落实的；C. observed观察的；D. required要求的。根据后文That means the patients took their medicine in the presence of a health care worker可知，病人当着医护人员的面服药，故选C。
【50题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Sterling 警告说这份研究中的大多数人都是HIV呈阴性。A. argues争论；B. suggests建议；C. commands要求；D. warns警告。根据后文可知，研究人员研究的对象没有感染HIV，因而对感染HIV的患者意义不一样，故选D。
【51题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这个结果可能对HIV呈阳性的患者不同。A. inevitable无法避免的；B. negative消极的，阴性的；C. distinct明显的，不同的；D. indirect间接的。根据后文A recent study in South Africa indicated that the combination therapy works well in people infected with HIV as well as tuberculosis可知，研究发现，混合疗法对患有HIV和肺结核病人的效果很好，故选C。
【52题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是这个研究样本太小而不能确定。A. definite明确的；B. desired渴望的；C. logical 逻辑的；D. detailed详细的。根据文章可知，样本太小，不够明显，故选A。
【53题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Timothy Sterling 的研究发表在新英格兰医学杂志上，受到美国疾病控制和预防中心的支持和认可。A. conducted实施；B. proved证明；C. demonstrated证明；D. approved同意，认可。根据后文The government health agency recommends the 12-dose weekly combination treatment as an equal alternative to the 270–dose daily treatment plan可知CDC采用了混合疗法，故选D。
【54题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：政府医疗机构推荐每周12剂量的混合疗法作为对每天270剂量的标准疗法的替代性疗法。A. similar相似的；B. unique唯一的；C. standard 标准的；D. peculiar特殊的。根据文章可知，新疗法是标准疗法的替代性疗法，故选C。
【55题详解】
考查形容词和名词词义辨析。句意：因为可能出现安全问题，CDC对HIV呈阳性且正在服用抗转录病毒药以及孕妇依然推荐日常疗法。A. personal个人的；B. crucial关键的；C. age年龄；D. safety安全。分析句子可知，此做法是为了安全，故选D。
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
If a person who lived 200 years ago was treated for a seizure(癫痫)today, they would be surprised by the treatment’s freshness. That’s because doctors in the 1800s were influenced more by original medical beliefs than science.
Rather than thinking the brain caused seizures, people in the 1800s still thought they were the result of strange forces. They associated seizures with the work of evil spirits. Others felt that the seizures had a cosmic or lunar cause. They believed that the cycles of the moon and stars could make someone have a seizure.
During a process to treat a patient who has seizures, doctors would force the patient to pray for the grace of the God. They thought if the patient did this, then the patient would rid themselves of the evil spirits causing the seizures.
The arrival of modern psychiatry(精神病学) occurred during the 1800s. At that time people who suffered from seizures were placed in psychiatric hospitals. They were treated like they were mad. However, none of the out-of-date treatments worked.
It wasn’t until the late 1850s that the causes of seizures were understood. We know today that these causes are related to the brain. Misfired signals from the brain cause a jerking reflex(反射) in the body. These usually occur when someone is very tired.
Once the causes of seizures were known, definitive treatments were developed.Today, treatments range from taking pills to having surgery. Treatment is personalized according to the type of seizure the patient has.
Even today, some people are unsure about seizures. Their most common mistake is thinking that a person having a seizure will swallow their tongue. They often push some implement roughly in the person’s mouth. However, this doesn’t help. The implement often blocks the airway and prevents the person from breathing. Yet most of the public no longer fear people who have seizures. Instead, they can now help and comfort a person if they have a seizure.
56. Why would someone from the past be surprised by today’s treatments for seizures?
A. Because they believed in scientific treatment for seizures.
B. Because they believed seizures were caused by strange forces in nature.
C. Because they believed there would be no cure for seizures.
D. Because they believed patient would treat seizures by himself.
57. During the arrival of modern psychiatry how were people treated in psychiatric hospitals?
A. They were forced to ask the God for mercy.
B. They worked for the old-fashioned treatment.
C. They were considered senseless.
D. They were treated as evil spirits.
58. Which of the following condition can cause a seizure?
A. Rashes and other skin problems.
B. Infected wounds.
C. Stomach disorders.
D. Brain injuries
59. What’s the best title of the passage?
A. Symptoms Old and New
B. Universal Forces or Science
C. Seizures Now and Then
D. Treatments Effective or Not
【答案】56. B 57. C 58. D 59. C
【解析】
本文属于说明文，介绍在以前，癫痫被人们认为是跟宇宙天体有关，因此强迫患者向上帝祷告。随着现代精神病学的发展，癫痫被认为与大脑有关，因此产生了不同的疗法，但是依然对癫痫有错误的认识。
【56题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段That’s because doctors in the 1800s were influenced more by original medical beliefs than science.和第二段Rather than thinking the brain caused seizures, people in the 1800s still thought they were the result of strange forces.可知，在19世纪以前，医生认为癫痫是由于奇怪的力量造成的，故选B。
【57题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段They were treated like they were mad. However, none of the out-of-date treatments worked.可知，他们被当成发疯症状来接受治疗，可知，癫痫患者被认为是不理智的，故选C。
【58题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第三段We know today that these causes are related to the brain.可知，癫痫与大脑有关，故可知，大脑受伤可能会导致癫痫，故选D。
【59题详解】
主旨大意题。介绍在以前，癫痫被人们认为是跟宇宙天体有关，因此强迫患者向上帝祷告。随着现代精神病学的发展，癫痫被认为与大脑有关，因此产生了不同的疗法，故可知本文主要讲述，不同时代，对癫痫的不同认识，故选C。
(B)
How a few members of the animal kingdom handle the transition to adulthood?
African elephants
These beautiful beasts come close to imitate teen rebellion. Calves spend a decade with their mothers in female-dominated groups ---- and ladies stay there ---- but adolescent boys leave mom for noisy crews of bros. In their 20s, they often downsize to smaller male groups.
Orangutans (猩猩)
Slow metabolism allows these primates to survive food shortages ---- times when weather makes ripe fruit scarce. But energy efficiency comes at a cost; growth and maturation take time. Orangutan mamas nurse their young longer than any other wild creature does.
Orcas(逆戟鲸)
Killer whales join their mother’s familial group for life. This lasting-relationship seems to increase a pup’s chance of survival; if mom dies a young male (under 30) is three times more likely to die than a peer whose mother is alive. Risk of death post-mom-mortem rises as kids get older.
Harp seals
A harp seal’s “childhood” lasts just 12 days. A pup’s sole purpose during that brief period of coddling(宠爱) is to constantly nurse, gaining a fifth of its birth weight in blubber(鲸脂) every day. Once it’s fat ---- they become greater from 25 to 80 pounds ---- it slides off the ice and takes on the sea.
Wolf spiders
Every parent knows that tired toddlers love to hitch a piggyback ride. The wolf spider straps all her babies (40 or 50, on average) onto her back at once, carrying the brood until they are capable of fully functional spider-hood. But luckily she only has to pull them for a few days.
60. According to the passage, which animals take the biggest responsibility in raising their young?
A. Harp seals. B. African elephants C. Orcas. D. Wolf spiders.
61. What can we learn from the sentence “But luckily she only has to pull them for a few days”?
A. Other grown wolf spiders will come to take care of the babies.
B. The toddlers are too heavy for parents to hitch a piggyback ride.
C. Baby spiders are able to live on their own after a short period of time.
D. Baby spiders can make full use of spider-hood before they leave their parents.
62. Who will be interested in this passage?
A. A student who is doing a project on animal growth.
B. A kid who is keen on animal watching.
C. A zoo-worker who is responsible for visitors’ safety.
D. A doctor who specializes in animals’ health.
【答案】60. C 61. C 62. A
【解析】
本文属于说明文，介绍了五种动物成长的特点。
【60题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段This lasting-relationship seems to increase a pup’s chance of survival; if mom dies, a young male (under 30) is three times more likely to die than a peer whose mother is alive.可知，持久的关系能够增加小逆戟鲸的存活率，如果母逆戟鲸死了的话，小逆戟鲸的死亡风险会增加三倍，故可知，逆戟鲸的责任最大，故选C。
【61题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段But luckily she only has to pull them for a few days.可知，母狼蛛只需要背负这些小狼蛛几天时间，故可以得出小狼蛛成年只需要很短的时间，故选C。
【62题详解】
推理判断题。本文介绍了五种动物成长的特点，故可知，对动物成长感兴趣的人对本文感兴趣，故选A。
(C)
As advances in auto-technology have placed a huge number of self-driving machines on our roads and sidewalks, a side product has materialized in recent years: robot-babysitting.
In Phoenix, human attendants will remotely monitor Google’s upcoming Waymo robot-taxis, using the cars cameras to evaluate and adapt to passenger or road challenges. State safety regulations typically require that auto-vehicles be accompanied at all times by humans. These professionals’ job titles range from “robot handler” to “safety driver,” but they have essentially the same responsibilities: monitoring robot behavior for safety and performance, and answering questions about the technology. Broadly speaking, robot-babysitting jobs fall under the umbrella of careers in automation, which include maintenance, engineering, and programming.
However, some observers note that certain kinds of robot-babysitting –-- the kind that is boring and doesn’t require much education –-- can make for thankless work. The safety drivers who sit in self-driving cars have described their roles as“exhausting” and “demanding,” and many told me about the constant pressure to stay vigilant at all times. “It’s incredibly hard to sit in a chair and stare at a computer without doing anything for eight hours,” Ramsey said. “But you do not need a Ph.D. to do it.” In March 2018, the field of robot babysitting took a beating when a self-driving Uber in Tempe, Arizona, hit a 49-year old named Elaine Herzberg. Dashcam footage showed that Rafaela Vasquez, the car’s safety driver, had not been looking at the road when the accident occurred. Investigators are deciding if Vasquez will be charged with murder.
According to the McKinsey Global Institute, 10 million to 800 million jobs globally could be lost to automation by 2030. In the long term, it’s inevitable that robot-babysitters will go the way of elevator operators and lamplighters. But they’ll also birth new robot-related roles.“A huge number of jobs will be created as auto-vehicles are loosed into the environment,” Ramsey said. In 2016, Bosch started training students from Schoolcraft College, a community college in Michigan, in auto-vehicle repair: Toyota has trained students in maintenance as well. “We might even see a return to low-level jobs where people come and fuel the car for you,”Ramsey said. “Until we can wirelessly charge, someone needs to refuel them.” The hardest-to-automate industries, as it happens, are the ones that require looking after humans: childcare, education, health-care aides. Robot babysitters might feel like they have gained the job of the future. But in fact, real babysitters might be better positioned.
63. Robot-babysitting jobs do NOT include _______________.
A. answering the questions about the technique.
B. observing the certain kinds of the robot-babysitter.
C. monitoring the potential problems of the auto-vehicles.
D. maintaining the vehicles which are out of order.
64. The underlined word “vigilant” most probably means “.”
A. grateful B. suspicious C. fit D. alert
65. According to Ramsey, what will happen when auto-vehicles are released into the market?
A. A lot of opportunities will be created.
B. A large number of people will be out of work.
C. Auto-vehicles will become much cheaper.
D. Many people will turn to buying auto-cars.
66. What’s this passage mainly about?
A. The Rise and Fall of Robot Babysitters.
B. The Future of Auto-Vehicles.
C. The Life and Employment of the Future.
D. The Position of Robot Babysitters.
【答案】63. B 64. D 65. A 66. A
【解析】
【分析】
本文属于新闻，介绍无人驾驶科技的兴起会产生新的职业，机器人保姆，专门维护和管理机器人，但是由于其强度大，因此门槛低，因为无人驾驶科技的兴起，导致很多职业消失了，但是也会创造出很多新的职业。
【63题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段These professionals’ job titles range from “robot handler” to “safety driver,” but they have essentially the same responsibilities: monitoring robot behavior for safety and performance, and answering questions about the technology. Broadly speaking, robot-babysitting jobs fall under the umbrella of careers in automation, which include maintenance, engineering, and programming.可知，机器人保姆有着相同的责任，比如监视安全和运行，回答关于技术的问题，机器人保姆，从广义上来讲，包含了维护，工程以及编程，故选B。
【64题详解】
词义猜测题。根据本段It’s incredibly hard to sit in a chair and stare at a computer without doing anything for eight hours可知，在椅子上做八个小时，只能盯着电脑屏幕，故可知随时保持警惕，故选D。
【65题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段A huge number of jobs will be created as auto-vehicles are loosed into the environment,” Ramsey said.可知，当自动驾驶汽车投入市场的话，会创造很多新的工作，故选A。
【66题详解】
主旨大意题。介绍无人驾驶的兴起会产生新的职业，机器人保姆，专门维护和管理机器人，但是由于其强度大，因此门槛低，因为无人驾驶的兴起，导致很多职业消失了，但是也会创造出很多新的职业，故选A。
【点睛】主旨大意题的做题技巧。这类试题要求对文章的整体或局部（如段落）进行分析、概括，归纳相关部分的中心大意(Main idea)，选择标题(title)，判断作者的写作目的(purpose)等，旨在考查考生加工与浓缩信息的能力。这一项考查的是文章的灵魂与中心。记叙文、议论文常考文章的主旨大意。一般主旨大意常出现在文章的开头，有时也出现在结尾。当然更重要的是从全文去把握。首先，任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，许多文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。第二，要搞清是问某一段还是全文的大意。可利用段落信息来把握文脉，进行综合归纳，概括文章的主题。如有标题，标题中的蕴含的信息往往是关键信息。第三: 要学会借助文章的结构来把握中心思想。段落中心思想常常由主题句( Topic sentence)来表达。主题句常常出现在段首(60%--90%)或段尾处, 有时也在段落中间。同样, 一篇文章的中心思想也常常在开始段或结尾段点出。因此, 在阅读中, 我们要对文章的开始段和结尾段及段落的主题句给予特别的注意。
小题4，介绍无人驾驶科技的兴起会产生新的职业，机器人保姆，专门维护和管理机器人，但是由于其强度大，因此门槛低，因为无人驾驶科技的兴起，导致很多职业消失了，但是也会创造出很多新的职业，故选A。
Section C
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
The North Star
Among the pile of stars in the universe, there are a couple that are of great importance to people on Earth. The sun, of course, is one of them. The other is known as Polaris, the North Star. _____67_____. Therefore, it is a great compass(指南针).When people in the northern part of Earth look toward Polaris, they can be certain that they are facing north. The permanence of Polaris in the north sky has helped countless people find their destinations.
Before the invention of modern navigation tools, sailors relied on Polaris. From the top of their ships, sailors would look for Polaris to figure out their place at sea. They figured out the angle between the star and the horizon to determine their latitude(纬度). As long as the equations were not wrong, the results were very reliable. Polaris also let sailors determine North, South, East, and West. ______68______
To those who sail at night, changeable storms and dark clouds were more than annoying things.______69______.It’s possible for a captain to make an accidental wrong turn. The ship could become stranded at sea, and the frustrated captain would have no way to get the ship back on the right course. The sailor’s fears wouldn’t be relieved until the clouds cleared and Polaris came back into view. Even today, sailors sometimes choose to steer by using Polaris on clear nights.
_____70_____. The Big Dipper, a constellation that is well known in astrology, appears to revolve around Polaris. The handle of the Big Dipper always points to the North Star. When people get lost, it’s comforting to know that their problems can be relieved by looking at the sky.
A. It’s not difficult to tell the Polaris apart from the pile of other stars in the universe.
B. People who are lost can be relieved by gazing up at Polaris.
C. By knowing directions and their location, sailors could easily steer their ships.
D. They could destroy entire journeys by blocking the view of Polaris.
E. It’s certain that the Polaris is part of a constellation(星座), which is not far from it.
F. It is special because it is the only star that always appears to be in the same place in the sky.
【答案】67. F 68. C
69. D 70. A
【解析】
【分析】
本文属于说明文，介绍北极星对我们的作用和意义。
【67题详解】
根据后一句Therefore, it is a great compass(指南针).可知，因此是一个很好的指南针，讲述北极星的作用，F选项，北极星特殊之处在于它似乎总在天空的同一个位置，故可以用作指南针，切题，故选F。
【68题详解】
根据前一句Polaris also let sailors determine North, South, East, and West可知，北极星可以帮助水手确定东南西北方向，C选项，确定方向和位置之后，就可以调整航线，切题，故选C。
【69题详解】
根据前一句To those who sail at night, changeable storms and dark clouds were more than annoying things.可知，对于夜间航行的人来说，变幻莫测的风暴和黑云是最让人头疼的，D选项，这些东西可以通过遮蔽北极星让整个航线变得困难重重，紧接前一句，切题，故选D。
【70题详解】
根据后一句The Big Dipper, a constellation that is well known in astrology, appears to revolve around Polaris.可知，北斗七星似乎总是围绕着北极星运转，A选项，不难区分北极星和其他星星，后文讲述北极星的特别之处，切题，故选A。
【点睛】六选四做题技巧。做题的时候边读边做。各个问题附近的句子都需要重点阅读，圈画一些线索，再从选项中寻找相关的特征词用来判断正确答案。带入排除法也是一种很好的方法。另外，如果发现有一题拿不准的，先跳过，先做容易的能做出的题，直到读完整篇文章。至此，文章的要点和主旨、各个段落之间的逻辑关系应该基本就能清楚了。然后再回过去做之前不确定的题目。
比如小题4，根据后一句The Big Dipper, a constellation that is well known in astrology, appears to revolve around Polaris.可知，北斗七星似乎总是围绕着北极星运转，A选项，不难区分北极星和其他星星，后文讲述北极星的特别之处，切题，故选A。
IV.Summary Writing
71.Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible.
Unfair Comparisons
Thanks to social media, the distance between friends is smaller than ever. But does that make us happier? Not necessarily. A recent study has found spending too much time comparing your life with the seemingly perfect lives of your friends on social media can result in depressive symptoms.
We’ve all done it ---- browsing through our WeChat friends’ updates while feeling that green-eyed monster holding its head in our minds: Are their homes bigger and more tasteful? Are their vacations more expensive and exciting? Are their careers more successful and rewarding?
Comparison is the thief of joy. The more time you spend on social media, the more likely it is for you to feel depressive symptoms, according to a new study out of University of Houston.The study, led by Mai-Ly Steers, examines the potential impact online social comparison can have on a person’s mental health.
“The underlying mechanism is social comparison,” Steers said. “The reason why you feel these feelings is that you tend to socially compare yourself with your friends.”
This social comparison theory was popularized by US psychologist Leon Festinger in the 1950s. According to an article in The Atlantic Festinger argued that people have born tendencies to track their progress and measure their self-worth by comparing themselves with other people. That social comparison leads to feelings of insignificance and insecurity. Research has since found that making social comparisons, especially upward comparisons (to people we think above us for whatever reason), are associated with negative health outcomes like depressive symptoms and decreased self-esteem.
“You can’t really control the strong desire to compare because you never know what your friends are going to post. In addition, most of our friends tend to post about the good things that occur in their lives, while leaving out the bad. If we’re comparing ourselves with our friends’‘sharable highlights’, this may lead us to think their lives are better than they actually are, and thus make us feel worse about our own lives.”
So if you are the jealous type, maybe think about signing off of your WeChat for a while. Your well-being may depend on it.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Social media can cause depressive symptoms, because people are likely to compare with their friends. It can result in insignificant and insecure feelings about themselves, since they cannot resist their own desire to compare with their friends about their good things. Therefore, people should stay away from the WeChat for a while.
【解析】
【分析】
本文属于议论文，讲述不正确的比较会让我们抑郁，降低幸福感。
【详解】本文为总分结构，首先抛出观点社交媒体的发展，不正确的比较让我们更容易抑郁，之后具体解释了其原因，人们总是忍不住要去和朋友作比较，而朋友更多展示好的，隐藏了不好的东西，最后得出结论，提升幸福感要适当避开社交媒体。
V. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
72. 尽管他已经非常尽力，他还是没能弥补损失。(as)
__________________________
73. 如今，为网络优质资源付费似乎是个热门现象。(seem)
__________________________
74. 我认为这些家长们的焦虑源自于对孩子未来的不确定性，以及对成功这个概念的落伍理解。(result)
__________________________
75. 老年人能安度晚年，孩子们有幸福的童年，那就有千家万户幸福愉悦的家庭。(lead)
__________________________
【答案】72. Hard as he tried, he failed to make up for the loss.
73. Nowadays, it seems that paying for quality online resources is a popular phenomenon.
74. I think these parents’ anxiety results from uncertainty about their children’s future, and out-of-date concepts of success.
75. When our senior citizens have decent lives in retirement and our children have nice childhoods, all families will lead happier lives.
【解析】
【72题详解】
尽管他已经非常尽力Hard as he tried，运用了倒装句式，弥补损失make up for the loss。故译为Hard as he tried, he failed to make up for the loss。
【73题详解】
为网络优质资源付费paying for quality online resources，似乎it seems that，热门现象popular phenomenon。故译为iNowadays, it seems that paying for quality online resources is a popular phenomenon。
【74题详解】
源自于results from，家长们的焦虑parents’ anxiety，孩子未来的不确定性uncertainty about their children’s future，落伍的out-of-date。故译为I think these parents’ anxiety results from uncertainty about their children’s future, and out-of-date concepts of success。
【75题详解】
安度晚年have decent lives in retirement，幸福的童年nice childhoods，幸福愉悦lead happier lives。故译为When our senior citizens have decent lives in retirement and our children have nice childhoods, all families will lead happier lives。
VI. Guided Writing
76.Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
据报道，某大学一宿舍的学生突发奇想建立了“夸夸群”。在群里，无论发生什么都会收到别人的夸奖和赞扬，心情不好，压力太大的时候也能收到安慰。但有些同学认为很假，应该建立“喷喷群”。那么究竟是在“夸夸群”恢复信心更好，还是在“喷喷群”中找骂认清自己更有用？
请谈谈你对此的看法，并陈述你的理由。
(备注:夸夸群---- praise-seeking group；喷喷群----criticism-seeking group)
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 With increasing study and employment pressure, many students are seeking for comfort. Therefore, some praise-seeking groups come into being. Those in favor of it hold the belief that with more praise and compliment, they are more confident and optimistic for the future, while others don’t agree with it, for students are likely to escape pressure and their shortcoming, so they can’t develop themselves properly.
From my point of view, we can’t ignore the positive effect of praise-seeking groups on the students. With others’ encouragement, it’s certain that we are more likely to make it and be happy. However, without fully knowing ourselves, we are doomed to fail. Therefore, when we enjoy others’ praise, we must recognize our strengths and weakness, and try to learn from others’ strengths to make up for our own weaknesses.
【解析】
【分析】
本文属于议论文，要求写一篇关于夸夸群的议论文。
【详解】本文属于议论文，要求写一篇关于夸夸群的议论文，时态用一般现在时，本文主要要点如下：①某大学一宿舍的学生突发奇想建立了“夸夸群”。在群里，无论发生什么都会收到别人的夸奖和赞扬，心情不好，压力太大的时候也能收到安慰：② 但有些同学认为很假，应该建立“喷喷群；③自己的观点；④陈述理由。
第二步：根据关键要点，确定关键词，praise-seeking group（夸夸群），praise and compliment（赞美），confident and optimistic（自信乐观）等。
第三步：根据提示及关键词进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题以及句子结构完整。
第四步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，使之自然流畅，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面。
【点睛】本篇范文结构清晰，内容完整，过渡衔接严谨自然，符合议论文的要求，其中不乏亮点句型。
同位语从句的使用Those in favor of it hold the belief that with more praise and compliment, they are more confident and optimistic for the future, while others don’t agree with it, for students are likely to escape pressure and their shortcoming, so they can’t develop themselves properly.
时间状语从句的使用Therefore, when we enjoy others’ praise, we must recognize our strengths and weakness, and try to learn from others’ strengths to make up for our own weaknesses.
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