2019届上海市青浦区高三第二次学业质量调研测试英语试题（解析版）

青浦区2018学年高三年级第二次学业质量调研测试
英语学科 试卷
(时间120分钟，满分140分)
考生注意:
1.本试卷共13页。满分140分。考试时间120分钟。
2.答题前，考生务必在答题卡(纸)上用钢笔或水笔清楚填写姓名、准考证号，并用铅笔正确涂写准考证号。
3.答案必须全部涂写在答题卡(纸)上。如用铅笔答题，或写在试卷上也一律不给分。
I. Listening Comprehension
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1.

A. In a park. B. In a zoo.
C. In a museum. D. In a pet store.
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】M: Look at the lovely birds over there. I think you can teach them to sing.
W: But look at the price! I’d rather have a cat.
Q: Where is the conversation taking place?
根据对话，可知两人所在的地方有可以学会唱歌的鸟，并且价格很贵，说明他们在宠物店，选D项。

2.

A. Receptionist and guest. B. Salesperson and customer.
C. Doctor and patient. D. Waiter and diner.
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】W: Excuse me, but the shower in my room doesn’t work.
M: Sorry for that. We will send a repairman as soon as possible. What’s your room number?
Q: What is the possible relationship between the speakers?
根据两人对话中可知女方房间的花洒坏了，男方询问她的房间号码并答应会派修理人员过去，说明对话发生在酒店，对话最有可能发生在顾客与接待员之间，故选A。
【点睛】在听力考试中，了解一些场景下的常用语和常见表达对解题是很有帮助的。如本题中涉及的场景是酒店，room number（房间号码）就是该场景经常出现的词，考生可根据room number以及对话的具体内容判断该对话是在酒店，由此可以判断对方双方的关系。酒店场景常出现的词还有　make a reservation 预定房间 reception desk 接待处 check in 入住 check out 结账 single room 单间 suite套间等。

3.

A. 15 dollars. B. 45 dollars. C. 75 dollars. D. 60 dollars.
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】M: Did you find the suitcase you were looking for?
W: Yes, I got a nice one for 60 dollars, but the next day they were on sale for 45 dollars.
Q: How much would the woman have saved if she had waited?
根据对话可知，女方等到第二天可以用45美元买到手提箱，与60美元之间有15美元的差价，所以选A。

4.

A. None of Ben’s classmates wants to study abroad.
B. Ben is not interested in the training experience.
C. Others cherish Ben for his long term efforts.
D. Ben is very eager for the scholarship.
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】W: Does Ben go to great lengths to apply for the scholarship?
M: No one cherishes the scholarship more than Ben.
Q: What can we learn from the conversation?
根据对话中的“No one cherishes the scholarship more than Ben.”可知没人比Ben更珍惜奖学金了，说明Ben很渴望得到奖学金，选D。

5.

A. Satisfied. B. Disappointed. C. Interested. D. Frightened.
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】M: The film is really worth the money. Don’t you think so?
W: Well, you certainly have a different taste from me.
Q: How does the woman feel about the film?
根据对话可知男人觉得电影值票价，但是女人却说男人和她的口味不一样，说明她对这部电影是失望的，选B。

6.

A. She is two hours late. B. It is possible to cure toothache.
C. She can stand two hours. D. It is too painful to be patient.
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】M: You will have two hours to wait. Be patient!
W: How can I be patient when I’m suffering from toothache? I can hardly stand it.
Q: What does the woman mean?
根据女人所说的“I can hardly stand it.”我不能忍受它（牙痛），可知还要等两个小时对她来说是不能忍受的，故选D。

7.

A. By car. B. By bus. C. By subway. D. By plane.
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】W: I’m flying to Tokyo this afternoon, but I’m too tired to drive to the airport.
M: You can always take the subway. It is convenient and comfortable.
Q: How will the woman get to Tokyo?
根据女人说所的“I’m flying to Tokyo this afternoon,”可知她下午要飞去东京，所以她是坐飞机去，选D。

8.

A. Betty is looking for an Italian dictionary.
B. Mr Green can’t offer help to the woman.
C. Italian words are hard to pronounce.
D. Jack is not available at this moment.
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】W: Mr. Green, I have trouble in pronouncing the Italian words and no dictionary is available.
M: I’m sorry, Betty. I’m about to leave. Why not ask Jack?
Q: What can we learn from the conversation?
根据对话可知男人要离开了，他要女人问一问别人，说明他帮不了对方。选B。

9.

A. The woman is always in trouble. B. The man finds fault with others.
C. The woman has calmed the horse. D. The man has realized his problem.
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】W: Please hold your horses! Be calm and you will be out of trouble soon.
M: It’s my fault. I always lose my temper to others!
Q: What can we learn from the conversation?
根据对话可知男方让女方冷静下来，女方说这是她的错，她总是对别人发脾气。由此可知女方认识到了自己的错误，选D。

10.

A. He will continue during his vacation. B. Papers pile up while he is on vacation.
C. He has no time to go on holiday. D. Papers are too hard to understand.
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】W: I’m afraid you’ve been working too hard. You should take a vacation.
M: Tell that to the pile of papers on my desk.
Q: What does the man imply?
根据对话可知女方认为男人工作太拼命，需要度假，男方叫女方把这话说给他桌子上的那堆文件听，潜台词就是他还有很多工作要完成，没时间度假，故选C。

Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the short passages and the longer conversation. The short passages and the longer conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions are based on the following passage.

11.
A. His family had money problems. B. His father didn’t like him to be a barber.
C. His relatives’ house was spacious. D. His mother wasn’t able to take care of him.
12. A. In 1775. B. In 1802. C. In 1796. D. In 1819.
13.
A. His childhood experience. B. His wide-range travel.
C. The Royal Academy School. D. The Napoleonic Wars.
【答案】11. D 12. C 13. B
【解析】
Joseph Mallord William Turner was one of the greatest English landscape painters. He was born in late April or early May 1775 in Covent Garden, London. His father was a barber. Due to his mother’s mental illness, Turner spent some of his childhood living with relatives. He worked as an assistant to various architects, but at the age of 14 he began to study at the Royal Academy School.
His early work consisted mainly of drawings and water colours, but in 1796 Turner exhibited his first oil painting at the Royal Academy. He later built a gallery in his house in Harley Street to display most of his paintings, while continuing to exhibit at the Royal Academy.
He travelled extensively in Britain, and the age of 27, made his first trip abroad, visiting Switzerland, Savoy and Paris. The Napoleonic Wars prevented foreign travel for a number of years, but in 1819, Turner was able to make his first trip to Italy. He was hugely inspired by the historical monuments and works of art and by the light and the scenery there. He returned to Italy a number of times, particularly favouring Venice, which was the inspiration for some of his finest work.
Questions:
Why did Turner spend some of his childhood living with relatives?
When did Turner exhibit his first oil painting at the Royal Academy?
What contributed most to Turner’s art works?
【11题详解】
根据Due to his mother’ s mental illness, Turner spent some of his childhood living with relatives.可知Tuner因为妈妈有精神疾病所以在童年时期与亲戚一起住过一段时间。A项“他的妈妈不能照顾他”切题，故选D项。
【12题详解】
根据“but in 1796 Turner exhibited his first oil painting at the Royal Academy.”可知在1796年，Turner在皇家艺术学院展出了他的第一幅油画,故选C项。
【13题详解】
根据“He was hugely inspired by the historical monuments and works of art and by the light and the scenery there. …for some of his finest work.”可知外国包括意大利的历史古迹和艺术品以及风景给了Turner极大的启发。他尤其喜欢威尼斯，威尼斯是他一些最好的作品的灵感来源。 所以旅行给他的艺术创造做出的贡献是最大的，故选B项。

Questions are based on the following passage.

14.
A. Memory and communication. B. Comprehension and concentration.
C. Memory and concentration. D. Comprehension and communication.
15. A. 3 hours. B. An hour. C. 20 minutes. D. 50 minutes.
16.
A. Those who walk along city streets find themselves exhausted easily.
B. A walk by a green route helps to improve city image to some extent.
C. Taking a route with nature affects one’s performance in a positive way.
D. The volunteers’ mental skills remain the same after walking in nature.
【答案】14. C 15. D 16. C
【解析】
After a full dinner, you might want to work off some calories which is bad for your health by taking a long walk in the great outdoors.
Recently, scientists have already found that, to some extent, “interacting with nature”, even in the middle of winter, improves memory and concentration. As a matter of fact, just an hour of walking through the countryside can increase the brain’s performance by one fifth. But a walk along busy streets shows no improving effects on the brain at all.
The research was carried out at the University of Michigan. One group of students was sent out on a 50-minute walk through streets which are lined with office buildings and full of traffic, while the other group of students took a green, tree-lined route.
Afterwards, the volunteers’ mental skills were examined in a series of tests and compared to their performance before setting out on the walk. Results showed that those who took the “nature route” improved their short-term memory by 20 percent. There was no improvement for those who walked along city streets.
Questions:
In which aspects of brain can “interacting with nature” have improving effects?
How long did the students walk in the research of Michigan University?
What does the passage mainly talk about?
【14题详解】
根据“ Recently, scientists have already found that, to some extent, “interacting with nature”, even in the middle of winter, improves memory and concentration.”可知“与自然交流”可以提升记忆力和注意力，故选C。
【15题详解】
根据“One group of students was sent out on a 50-minute walk through streets”可知这些学生走了50分钟，选D项。
【16题详解】
根据短文开头Recently, scientists have already found that, to some extent, “interacting with nature”, even in the middle of winter, improves memory and concentration可知科学家做完研究发现“与自然交流”可以提升人的记忆力和注意力，后文介绍这个研究的具体实验内容和实验结果做进一步的解释，可知全文主要是围绕在自然环境行走对人的记忆力有好的影响而写，故选C项。

Questions are based on the following passage.

17.
A. The telephone call was not clear. B. The line was always busy.
C. The telephone bill was not accurate. D. The service was not satisfactory.
18.
A. He refuses to check the bill again. B. He is the manager of the company.
C. He is expert at counting. D. He is patient and helpful.
19.
A. Check her eyesight to avoid mistakes again.
B. Apply for the International Dial Service
C. Cut down the number of overseas calls.
D. Make a request for free phone calls.
20.
A. Because she shouldn’t have turned to the assistant.
B. Because she mixed up the telephone numbers.
C. Because she forgot to pay the previous bills
D. Because she made a wrong complaint.
【答案】17. C 18. D 19. B 20. D
【解析】
M: Hello! This is the China Telephone Company. What can I do for you?
W: Is this the Complaints Department?
M: Yes, it is.
W: I want to complain about the bill I received this month. I don’t think I’ve made that many phone calls. Have the rates gone up? There must be a mistake in your billing.
M: All right, madam. Tell me your phone number and I’ll check it for you.
W: My number is 63513516.
M: Thank you. Please hold on for a moment.
W: All right.
M: Hello?
W: Yes, I’m still here.
M: Well, there doesn’t seem to be any problems with your count. The billing is accurate. You must have overlooked the international call you made to Europe.
W: Let me seeRight, I’m sorry. It’s my mistake. But it is still very expensive.
M: Well, why don’t you apply for the International Dial Service? It’s free of charge.
W: Can I do that?
M: Sure you can. The rates are cheaper as you do without assistance from the operator.
W: I see. Well, thank you very much and sorry for bothering you.
M: It’s no bother at all. That’s what we are here for. Thanks for calling.
Questions:
What did the woman complain about?
What can we learn about the man from the conversation?
What did the man suggest the woman do?
Why did the woman say sorry?
【17题详解】
根据“I want to complain about the bill I received this month. I don’t think I’ve made that many phone calls. Have the rates gone up? There must be a mistake in your billing.”可知女人想抱怨收到的账单。她不认为自己打过那么多电话并觉得账单结算中一定有错误。故选C项。
【18题详解】
根据对话，男方一直在为女士解决问题，最后告诉女士可以申请国际拨号服务，解决了女方的问题，所以他是耐心而又有帮助的，故选D。
【19题详解】
根据“Well, why don’t you apply for the International Dial Service? It’s free of charge.”可知男方建议女方申请国际拨号服务，故选B。
【20题详解】
根据“: Let me seeRight, I’m sorry. It’s my mistake. But it is still very expensive.”可知女方犯了错误，账单是对的，所以她感到很抱歉，故选D项。

II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
How can my son be a year old already?
My son turned one last week. The day marked the end of ___21___ has been both the longest and shortest year of my life. I haven’t slept for a year and I don’t really know how time works any more. From the instant he was born, it’s felt ___22___ my son has always been part of this family.
How is he one already? First he was born, and was a sleepy ball of flesh then, and now in his place is a little boy who ___23___ walk and has teeth and knows how to switch off the television at precisely the most important moment of anything I ever try to watch. It’s not exactly ___24___ (extraordinary) development in all of human history — child gradually gets older — but it’s the first time I ___25___ (see) it close up. It’s honestly quite hard to grasp. Even photos of him ___26___ (take) last week seem like a different boy. He’s leaving milestone after milestone in his tiny parts of me along with them.
He’ll never again be the tiny baby who lay in my arm, ___27___ (suck) on my little finger in the middle of the night while his mum slept, ___28___ will he be the baby amazed by the taste of solid food. Soon enough he’ll stop being the baby who rests his head on my shoulder whenever he gets tired, or laughs uncontrollably whenever I say the word ‘teeth’ for reasons, ___29___ I don’t think I’ll ever work out.
But I’ve had a year of this and it’s ok. He’s never going to stop changing, and I don’t want him to. This sadness, this constant sense of loss, of time slipping just ___30___ your grasp, is an important part of this process. He won’t realise this, of course. He’s got years of unbroken progress ahead of him, where everything will always be new. Years of his life will pass in a moment and he won’t be able to understand where they’ve gone.
But it’s ok. You can’t freeze time. You just have to make the most of what you have.
【答案】21. what
22. as if/as though
23. can 24. the most extraordinary
25. have seen
26. taken 27. sucking
28. nor 29. which
30. beyond
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。作者的儿子满一岁了，儿子这一年的变化让她有很多感慨。
【21题详解】
考查宾语从句。空格处后has been both the longest and shortest year of my life 是一个宾语从句，做介词of的宾语，通过分析从句成分可知从句中缺少主语。空格处引导宾语从句，且在从句中做主语，故填what。
【22题详解】
考查连词。句意：从他出生的那一刻起，就感觉好像我的儿子一直是这个家庭的一部分。空格处后文my son has always been part of this family.是一个完整的句子，在句中做从句，说明空格处需要填连词来引导这个从句。根据句意用as if/as though来引导，故填as if/as though。
23题详解】
考查情态动词。who引导的定语从句，先行词为the little boy, 所以who后面的谓语应该用单数，但是walk用的是原形，说明空格处要填一个情态动词。根据语境，这里表达的是小男孩会走路，所以填情态动词can。
【24题详解】
考查形容词最高级。句意：它并不完全是人类历史上的最非凡的发展。分析句子成分可知空格处要填形容词，所给词也为形容词，在这种情况下我们考虑形容词的比较级和最高级。句子中没有比较结构, 结合句意用最高级。形容词的最高级前面要加the，故填the most extraordinary。
【25题详解】
考查时态。It is the first time that 句型中that从句用现在完成时，故填have seen。
【26题详解】
考查过去分词。句中photos of him为主语，seem like为谓语，take在句中为非谓语动词。take的逻辑主语为photos of him, photos of him和take之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以要用take的过去分词形式，故填taken。
【27题详解】
考查现在分词。分析句子成分可知空格处应填非谓语动词，suck与逻辑主语“he”之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系，应用suck的现在分词形式做伴随状语，故填sucking。
【28题详解】
考查连词。根据前文“He’ll never again be the tiny baby who lay in my arm”可知这里作者想表达她的儿子不再是那个躺在她臂弯里的小婴儿，自然也不再是因为食物的味道感到惊讶的小婴儿。空格处要填表示否定的连词，nor意为“也不，也没有”符合句意，故填nor。
【29题详解】
考查定语从句。空格处引导非限定性定语从句，在从句中做work out的宾语，先行词为前面的句子，指物，所以用which引导从句。故填which。
【30题详解】
考查介词。句意：这种悲伤，这种不断的失落感，这种时间的流逝超出你掌握的感觉，是这个过程的重要部分。根据句意， time slipping 是不在作者的掌控（grasp）之中的，所以用beyond （超过）。故填beyond。
【点睛】在语法填空中，如果空格处为“句子,_____+句子”的结构(逗号可有可无)，首先考虑空格处填连词引导各种从句，看句子是否有明显的从属关系，常考察的也就是名词性从句、定语从句，偶尔会出现状语从句。如果这些都不合适，再考虑常用的连词and，or，but，so，思考前后俩句子能否构成并列、选择、转折和因果的逻辑关系。第9小题就是“句子,_____+句子”的结构，分析成分之后确定这里空格处引导定语从句，所以根据定语从句的语法规则来得出答案，填which引导定语从句在从句中做宾语。

Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

Touring Cenotes
My parents and I traveled to Mexico to visit my grandparents last summer, and we visited the cenotes (say-NO-tays), the natural swimming holes located on the Yucatán Peninsula. The term “swimming hole” might make you think that cenotes are just average, but cenotes are truly ___31___. I had the most exciting experience of my life exploring these wonders of nature.
Thousands of years old, the cenotes formed and created sinkholes underneath. Though the ancient Mayans (玛雅人) used the cenotes as water ___32___, people can now swim, dive, take photographs, and admire local trees and ___33___ life, all through water as clear as liquid diamond.
In Cenote Azul, my parents, my grandparents, and I swam through water that seemed too blue to be real. I ___34___ countless younger kids diving into the water from a small cliff, but I dared not to jump at first. I finally worked up the courage, and my ___35___ try instantly put all my worries to rest.
A few days later, we went to Cenote Ponderosa. We stayed in the sun-covered pond, where we ___36___ floated while others did diving and took underwater photographs. Being surrounded by a valley of trees made everything else in the world seem to disappear.
Grutas de Loltún were definitely the most magnificent of all the cenotes, even though there was no swimming involved. Grutas are caves, and the Grutas de Loltún are among the biggest caves on the entire Peninsula. Our guide, Carolina, walked us through several caves, where we saw many drawings thousands of years old on the cave walls! Just one brief look at those drawings made me feel like I had stepped back in time to a(n) ___37___ era of history. Our group thought Carolina was joking when she claimed she could make the stalagmites(石笋) sing for us, but when she ___38___ them, we heard what sounded like the words “Lol” and “Tun”—the name of the caves! I cannot imagine that a(n) ___39___ played at a concert at Carnegie Hall would have been any better.
Mexico’s Yucatán Peninsula is filled with beauty, but the cenotes are a one-of-a-kind opportunity to commune with nature in a way that is impossible anywhere else on Earth, and I would not ___40___ to do it all again.
【答案】31. E 32. G
33. D 34. K
35. C 36. F
37. A 38. J
39. I 40. B
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文，作者讲述了他探索游玩墨西哥尤卡坦半岛的不同天然井（cenote）的经历。
【31题详解】
考查形容词。句意：“游泳池”这个词可能会让你认为这些天然井很一般，但是它们真的是惊人的。空格处前文用average修饰cenote, average为形容词，意为“一般的，普通的”，根据but可知前后文为转折关系，前后形成对比，所以空格处需要一个与average意思相反的词。E项marvelous意为“令人惊异的”切题，故选E。
【32题详解】
考查名词。句意：尽管古代玛雅人（玛雅人）把天然井作为水源, 人们现在可以游泳，潜水，拍摄照片，欣赏当地的树木和海洋生物。根据本句可知，在玛雅时代，这些天然井的用途和现在是不一样的，现在人们是把它们当成旅游景点，而在古代时候，这些水应该就是玛雅人用水的来源(sources)，故选G项。
【33题详解】
考查形容词。句意：人们现在可以游泳，潜水，拍摄照片，欣赏当地的树木和海洋生物。这里的生物(life)是生活在这些天然井中的，也就是水中，所以G项marine（海洋的；海生的）符合句意，故选D。
【34题详解】
考查动词。句意：我看到无数小孩从一个小悬崖跳入水中，但我不敢先跳。根据空格处后文“but I dared not to jump at first”可知作者一开始不敢跳，所以他一开始只是看着。K项witness（见证，目击）符合句意，故选K。
【35题详解】
考查形容词。句意：最终我鼓起了勇气，在第一次尝试后，所有的担忧都没有了。根据前文but I dared not to jump at first可知作者一开始不敢跳，所以这是他的第一次尝试，故用initial（最初的），故选C。
【36题详解】
考查副词。句意：我们待在阳光充足的池塘里，悠闲地漂浮在那里，而其他人则潜水并拍摄水下照片。空格处修饰动词float, 所以选择用副词leisurely（悠闲地），符合句意，故选F。
【37题详解】
考查形容词。句意：仅仅是看一下这些画就让我觉得我已经回到一个被遗忘的历史时代。根据前文“ where we saw many drawings thousands of years old on the cave walls!”可知洞穴中的壁画有几千年的历史的，那个历史时代与现在相隔甚远，所以用forgotten（给遗忘的）来形容那个时代是合适的，故选A项。
【38题详解】
考查动词。句意：当卡罗琳娜开玩笑说她可以让石笋为我们唱歌时我们认为她在开玩笑，但是当她敲击它们时，我们听到了“Lol”和“Tun”这些词语 – 这是洞穴的名字！分析句子可知这里要填一个动词。根据前文“Carolina was joking when she claimed she could make the stalagmites(石笋) sing for us,”可知卡罗琳娜开玩笑说她可以让石笋为我们唱歌时，让石头唱歌就是tap（敲打）石头发出声音，J项符合句意，选J项。
【39题详解】
考查名词。句意：我无法想象在卡内基音乐厅举行的音乐会上演奏的交响曲会更好。本句中“played at a concert at Carnegie Hall ”作定语修饰空格处，空格处的词与音乐会有关，I项symphony （交响乐）符合句意，故选I项。
【40题详解】
考查动词。句意：墨西哥的尤卡坦半岛很美丽，但是这些天然井是一个独一无二的机会，让我以一种在地球上任何其他地方都不可能的方式与自然交流，我会毫不犹豫地再把这些做一次。根据“he cenotes are a one-of-a-kind opportunity to commune with nature in a way that is impossible anywhere else on Earth”可知作者很喜欢在cenotes，所以让他再做一次在这些地方做过的事，他会不犹豫(hesitate),故选B项。

III. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Recently, the Victorian Government brought in new rules. Victorian state schools will be banned from using facial recognition technology in classrooms unless they have the ___41___ of parents, students and the Department of Education.
Students may be justifiably horrified at the thought of being ___42___ as they move throughout the school during a day. But a roll marking system could be as simple as looking at a tablet or iPad once a day ___43___ being signed off on a paper roll. It simply depends on the implementation. Trials have already begun in independent schools and up to 100 campuses across Australia. According to the developers, the technology promises to save teachers up to 2.5 hours a week by ___44___ the need for them to mark the roll at the start of every class. Many students now have smart phones that recognise faces right now. There are also ___45___ face recognition apps for Android phones and iPhones. So face recognition is already in our schools.
And I argue that, like earlier technologies such as the motor vehicle and mobile phone, a strategy where adoption is managed to create the most good and least harm is appropriate. We shouldn’t simply ___46___ it.
We are now in a golden age of face recognition. The main reason for rapid adoption is that recognition ___47___ has improved significantly in recent years. The simple application of this technology proposed for schools is to collect the student roll call ___48___ for classes. This is a compulsory requirement imposed by the education department.
However, ___49___ is often raised as an objection and this issue can never be dismissed lightly. Objections are mostly based on the collection and distribution of the photos. But every school ___50___ photos of their students already and schools have strict control over distribution. Such controls would necessarily be built into any school certified system. The only fundamental ___51___ of the process is whether a teacher or a computer recognizes the student.
Face recognition technologies will become widely adopted across society over the coming years. Concerns over implementation and privacy may ___52___ adoption in some places, but the ___53___ will come in and will change business practices right across the world once that happens.
In short, this technology has the ability to free up our time and reduce the costs. As with all new technologies, of course, face recognition ___54___ reasonable concerns. Constructive policies and dialog are the preferred way forward to gain the ___55___ benefit for society at large, and to make sure we do the least harm.
41. A. authority B. approval C. familiarity D. understanding
42. A. monitored B. controled C. noticed D. managed
43. A. regardless of B. less than C. other than D. instead of
44. A. ordering B. replacing C. adding D. meeting
45. A. feasible B. flexible C. downloadable D. admirable
46. A. promote B. ban C. upgrade D. advertise
47. A. availability B. difficulty C. accuracy D. rapidness
48. A. steadily B. temporarily C. mechanically D. automatically
49. A. personality B. freedom C. privacy D. humanity
50. A. implements B. collects C. polishes D. ranks
51. A. problem B. advantage C. change D. success
52. A. slow down B. let down C. take up D. move up
53. A. method B. atmosphere C. direction D. tide
54. A. raises B. solves C. handles D. dissolves
55. A. economic B. maximum C. material D. direct
【答案】41. B 42. A 43. D 44. B 45. C 46. B 47. C 48. D 49. C 50. B 51. C 52. A 53. D 54. A 55. B
【解析】
这是一篇议论文，面部识别技术可以节省时间，节约成本，但是这项新技术的应用也引起了很多人的担忧。在应用面部识别技术的时候应该把伤害降到最低，把好处发挥到最大。
【41题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：维多利亚州的公立学校将会被禁止在教室里使用面部识别技术，除非他们得到父母，学生和教育部的认可。A. authority 权威；B. approval 赞成；批准； C. familiarity熟悉；D. understanding理解。根据语境，学校是被禁止使用面部识别技术的，要使用面部识别技术就要父母学生和教育部三方同意，根据句意选B项。
【42题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：学生害怕在学校里走动的时候被监控是无可非议地。 A. monitored 监控；监视；B. controlled控制；C. noticed 注意到；D. managed 管理。本文与面部识别技术有关，面部识别技术不可以control（控制）学生，学生被面部识别，会有被监视的感觉，根据句意A项切题，故选A项。
【43题详解】
考查词组辨析。句意：但是点名系统可以简单到每天只看一次电脑或iPad,而不用在纸上签字。A. regardless of尽管；B. less than少于；C. other than除了；不同于；D. instead of 代替；而不是。根据句意，looking at a tablet or iPad once a day和being signed off on a paper roll是两种不同的点名方式，所以instead of切题，故选D。
【44题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：根据开发人员的说法，该技术有望通过满足老师在每节课开始时点名的需求，每周节省他们2.5小时。A. ordering 命令；B. replacing代替 ；C. adding增加；D. meeting遇见；满足。分析句子可知空格处的宾语为the need(需求)，根据句意这里应该是满足（meet）需求，故选B。
【45题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们还为安卓手机和苹果手机添加了面部识别应用程序。A. ordering命令；B. replacing代替；C. adding 添加；增加；D. meeting 遇见。结合上文，除了手机本身带有面部识别技术，还给手机添加了有面部识程序，选C项。
【46题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们不应该简单地禁止它（面部识别技术）。A. promote提升；B. ban禁止；C. upgrade升级；D. advertise 登广告。根据前文“and I argue that, like earlier technologies such… is appropriate.”可知作者认为对于面部识别技术，可以采用可以创造最佳效果和最小伤害的策略。说明作者是支持这种技术的，不应该禁止(ban)它 ,根据语境，选B。
【47题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：（面部识别技术）能被快速采用的主要原因是近几年识别的精确性大为改善。A. availability可用性；B. difficulty困难；C. accuracy 精确度；准确度；D. rapidness快速性。根据句意选C项。
【48题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：针对学校提出的这项技术的简单应用是课上自动收集学生点名。A. steadily稳定地； B. temporarily暂时地；C. mechanically 机动地；D. automatically 自动地。结合前文，面部识别技术的应用可以让学生不用在纸上签到，所以是自动地（automatically）收集学生点名，故选D。
【49题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。A. personality个性；B. freedom自由；C. privacy隐私；D. humanity 人类。根据后文“Objections are mostly based on the collection and distribution of the photos.”可知人们反对面部识别技术是因为学生照片会被收集并被传播，这是隐私(privacy)问题，故选C项。
【50题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。A. implements实施；B. collects 收集；C. polishes 润色；D. ranks 排名。根据句意，这里是收集（collect）学生的照片，而不是实施（implement）,润色（polish）或者排名（rank）学生的照片，除了B项，其它三项不符合逻辑，故选B项。
【51题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个过程唯一的根本变化是教师还是计算机来辨认学生。A. problem问题；B. advantage优势；C. change改变；D. success 成功。根据句意C项切题，故选C项。
【52题详解】
考查词组辨析。句意：在某些地方，对这项技术的实施和隐私的担忧可能会放慢（面部识别技术）的采用。A. slow down减速；放慢；B. let down让…..失望；C. take up 占据；D. move up 挪动；上涨。根据句意，人们对这项技术有担忧，这些担忧对于其的采用肯定是有消极效果的，A项slow down（减速；放慢）切题，故选A项。
【53题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。A. method方法；B. atmosphere氛围；C. direction方向；D. tide 潮汐；趋势。虽然在某些地方，人们的担忧会放缓这项技术的应用，但是这种趋势会出现并将改变全世界的商业行为。选D项。
【54题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。A. raises引起；唤起；B. solves解决；C. handles处理；D. dissolves 溶解。就像所有新技术一样，面部识别当然会引起合理的担忧。故选A项。
【55题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。A. economic经济的；B. maximum最大的；最多的；C. material物质的；D. direct 直接的。根据后文“and to make sure we do the least harm.”可知作者认为我们要把伤害降到最低，benefit（好处）与harm（伤害）的意思相反，所以空格处与least（最低的）的意思也是相反的，B项maximum最大的切题，故选B项。

Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
In university I had a part-time job at a shop that sold doughnuts and coffee. Situated on a block where several buses stopped, it served the people who had a few minutes to wait for their bus.
Every afternoon around four o’clock, a group of schoolchildren would burst into the shop, and business would come to a stop. Adults would glance in, see the crowd and pass on. But I didn’t mind if the children waited for their bus inside. Sometimes I would hand out a bus fare when a ticket went missing — always repaid the next day. On snowy days I would give away some doughnuts. I would lock the door at closing time, and we waited in the warm shop until their bus finally arrived.
I enjoyed my young friends, but it never occurred to me that I played an important role in their lives — until one afternoon when a man came and asked if I was the girl working on weekdays around four o’clock. He identified himself as the father of two of my favorites.
“I want you to know I appreciate what you do for my children. I worry about them taking two buses to get home. It means a lot that they can wait here and you keep an eye on them. When they are with the doughnut lady, I know they are safe.” I told him it wasn’t a big deal, and that I enjoyed the kids.
So I was the Doughnut Lady. I not only received a title, but became a landmark.
Now I think about all the people who keep an eye on my own children. They become, well, Doughnut Ladies. Like the men at the skating rink (滑冰场) who let my boys ring home; Or the bus driver who drove my daughter to her stop at the end of the route at night but wouldn’t leave until I arrived to pick her up; Or that nice police officer who took pity on my boys walking home in the rain when I was at work — even though the phone rang all the next day with calls from curious neighbors. “Was that a police car I saw at your house last night?”
That wasn’t a police car. That was a Doughnut Lady.
56. According to the passage, the author sometimes _______.
A. called the children’s parents to pick them up
B. provided schoolchildren with warm shelters
C. did business with the children’s help
D. sold bus tickets to the children
57. By saying “ it wasn’t a big deal,” (in paragraph 4) the author meant that _______.
A. she hadn’t found it hard to get along with the children
B. she hadn’t made a lot of money from the children
C. she hadn’t spent plenty of time with the children
D. she hadn’t done anything very significant
58. According to the author, those who _______ are Doughnut Ladies.
A. are always ready to help others
B. provide free doughnuts for the poor
C. work in the doughnut store for a while
D. are curious about the happenings around
59. The passage suggests that _______.
A. taking responsibility is a virtue
B. devotion co-exists with reward
C. running a business requires skills
D. acts of kindness are never too small
【答案】56. B 57. D 58. A 59. D
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文，作者讲述了她在商店做兼职时，下午一群孩子总会进入商店等公交车，虽然这给她的生意带来了不便，但是她没有在意，善意的对待这些孩子，比如在这些孩子丢票时给他们钱买票，下雪天给他们一些甜甜圈。她的善意得到了他人的感谢，她的孩子也得到了他人的帮助。
【56题详解】
细节理解题。根据“I would lock the door at closing time, and we waited in the warm shop until their bus finally arrived.可知作者有时候会在打烊的时候把门关上，和孩子们一起在暖和的商店里等待公交车。作者给孩子们提供了温暖的庇护所，所以选B项。
【57题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段可知作者最喜欢的两个小孩的父亲来专门找到她向她表示感谢，然后她告诉这位父亲她享受和孩子们在一起的时光，这不是什么大不了的事。根据语境，作者的回答是想表达她做的事不是特别重要，只是一件小事罢了，故选D项。
【58题详解】
推理判断题。根据Or that nice police officer who took pity on my boys walking home in the rain when I was at work — even though the phone rang all the next day with calls from curious neighbors. “Was that a police car I saw at your house last night?” That wasn’t a police car. That was a Doughnut Lady.可知有好心的警察在下雨时将她的孩子送回去了，而作者把这位好心的警察称为“甜甜圈女士”，说明在作者心中，帮助他人的人就是“甜甜圈女士”，故选A项。
【59题详解】
推理判断题。文中作者充满善意地对待在她兼职的店里等车的孩子，她自己孩子也被善意地对待，全文的关键就是善意的行为，所以D项切题，故选D项。

(B)
We offer a full range of services to make your IKEA experience more complete.
Old Kitchen Removing Service
Are you going to buy a brand-new kitchen in IKEA? So how to do with your old kitchen at home? Don’t worry! IKEA is now providing professional dismantling and removing service for old kitchen to you. By this service you can have your new kitchen at home easily. (For service detail and charge please go to the staff of kitchen department.)
Transport Service
Need a way to get your new home-furnishings home? You can rent a transport or hire us to deliver it for you. Just talk to our Customer Service Department for details.
Return Policy
As long as the items are undamaged, unassembled and unused, you could return them in their original package within 60 days (IKEA FAMILY member within 180 days) together with your original receipt.
Sorry, we cannot accept exchange or return of food, plants, liquid bathing products, AS-IS products, customized products, kitchen electrical appliance and all products that have already been cut, sewed or painted. “The exchange and return policy above applies only to the products purchased from IKEA stores in mainland China.”
IKEA Restaurant/Café
The restaurant/cafe serves both classic Swedish dishes and local favorites, and is one of the most popular areas of the whole IKEA store. Shopping at IKEA is fun and offers great value, but can also be hard work, so stop by and treat yourself to a refreshing drink and a bite to eat.
60. Which one of the following items can be returned according to the Return Policy?
A. Sausages purchased within a week with the original receipt.
B. An electric light as good as new bought in IKEA stores in Taiwan.
C. Unpacked bookshelf purchased within 60 days with the original receipt.
D. An unusual customized bed in its original package bought a month ago.
61. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?
A. One can enjoy delicious food in IKEA.
B. Your new kitchen is available in an easy way.
C. The furniture can be transported to your house.
D. There are several payment modes to choose from.
62. Where is the passage probably taken from?
A. A travel brochure B. A food magazine.
C. A shopping guide. D. A science journal.
【答案】60. C 61. D 62. C
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇应用文，是一则关于宜家服务的广告，告诉人们宜家提供哪些服务。
【60题详解】
细节理解题。根据“As long as the items are undamaged, unassembled and unused, you could return them in their original package within 60 days (IKEA FAMILY member within 180 days) together with your original receipt.”可知只要物品没有损坏，未装配和未使用，在有原始收据，物品还是原始包装的情况下，顾客可以在60天内退回货物（宜家俱乐部会员，180天内）。故选C。
【61题详解】
细节理解题。根据“The restaurant/cafe serves both classic Swedish dishes and local favorites”可知在宜家可以吃到经典的瑞典菜肴和当地美食，排除A项；根据“By this service you can have your new kitchen at home easily.”可知使用宜家的服务，顾客可以轻松地得到新的厨房，排除B项；根据“You can rent a transport or hire us to deliver it for you.”可知宜家提供送货服务，排除C项。A、B、C三个选项在原文中都有提及，故选D项。
【62题详解】
推理判断题。本文主要是宜家提供的各项服务，比如运输服务，退货服务等，都跟购物有关，所以这最有可能是来自于购物指南，故选C项。
【点睛】细节题的命题方法很多，如可能是对某个细节用同义结构转换后进行考查、也可能是将文章中的几个细节（通常是四个）放在一起要求考生判断是非（选出正确的一项或选出错误的一项）或对几个细节进行排序等。解答这类试题时，一个常用的方法就是运用定位法，即根据题干或选项中的线索词从原文中找到相关的句子，与选项进行比较从而确定答案。第2小题就是讲几个细节放在一起要求考生判断对错，所以要根据选项找到原文相关的句子。在做题时，根据原文中“The restaurant/cafe serves both classic Swedish dishes and local favorites”可以排除A项；根据“By this service you can have your new kitchen at home easily.”可知使用宜家的服务，顾客可以轻松地得到新的厨房，排除B项；根据“You can rent a transport or hire us to deliver it for you.”可知宜家提供送货服务，排除C项。在A,B,C都排除后，自然可以得出正确答案。

(C)
What do you remember about your life before you were three? Few people can remember anything that happened to them in their early years. Adults’ memories of the next few years also tend to be unclear. Most people remember only a few events—usually ones that were meaningful and distinctive, such as being hospitalized or the birth of a new baby.
How might this inability to recall early experiences be explained? The passage of time does not account for it; adults have excellent recognition of pictures of people who attended high school with them 35 years earlier. Another seemingly reasonable explanation—that infants do not form enduring memories at this point in development—also is incorrect. Children two and a half to three years old remember experiences that occurred in their first year, and eleven month olds remember some events a year later.
However, three other explanations seem more promising. One involves physiological changes relevant to memory. Maturation of the frontal lobes (额叶) of the brain continues throughout early childhood, and this part of the brain may be critical for remembering particular episodes in ways that can be recalled later. Demonstrations of infants’ and very young children’s long-term memory have involved their repeating motor activities that they had seen or done earlier, such as reaching in the dark for objects, putting a bottle in a doll’s mouth, or pulling apart two pieces of a toy. The brain’s level of physiological maturation may support these types of memories, but not ones depending on clear verbal descriptions.
A second explanation involves the influence of the social world on children’s language use. Hearing and telling stories about events may help children store information in ways that will endure into later childhood and adulthood. Through hearing stories with a clear beginning, middle, and ending children may learn to take out the idea of events in ways that they will be able to describe many years later. Consistent with this view parents and children increasingly engage in discussions of past events when children are about three years old. However, hearing such stories is not sufficient for younger children to form enduring memories. Telling such stories to two year olds does not seem to produce long-lasting verbalizable memories.
A third likely explanation for infantile memory loss involves mismatch between the ways in which infants encode information and the ways in which older children and adults recall it. Whether people can remember an event depends critically on the fit between the way in which they earlier encoded the information and the way in which they later attempt to recall it. The better the person is able to reconstruct the perspective from which the material was encoded, the more likely that recall will be successful.
63. In the discussion of children’s inability to recall early experiences, paragraph 2 serves to _______.
A. argue that the assumptions in this part have been more thoroughly researched than the theories presented later in the passage
B. explain why some theories about infantile memory loss are wrong before presenting ones more likely to be true
C. explain why infantile memory loss is well worth the efforts of researchers both now and then
D. argue that events that are not proved by evidence should generally be considered unreliable
64. What does paragraph 3 suggest about long-term memory in children?
A. Young children have better long-term recall of short verbal exchanges than of long ones.
B. Young children may form long-term memories of actions they see earlier than of things they hear or are told.
C. Children’s long-term recall of motor activities increases when such activities are accompanied by precise verbal descriptions.
D. Maturation of the frontal lobes of the brain is important for the long-term memory of motor activities but not verbal descriptions.
65. According to paragraph 4, what role may telling stories to children play in forming their childhood memories?
A. It may speed up the physiological maturing of the brain.
B. It may help preschool children to recall the past quickly.
C. It may bring about their memory recovery later.
D. It may strengthen children’s verbal capacities.
66. What does the passage mainly talk about?
A. It shows how physical maturation affects the memory.
B. It compares how differently infants and adults memorize.
C. It illustrates why childhood stories are always remembered.
D. It explains why remembering one’s early childhoods is hard.
【答案】63. B 64. B 65. C 66. D
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇议论文。很少有人能记住早年发生在他们身上的任何事情，大多数人只记得一些事件 - 通常是有意义和独特的事件。本文介绍了这种关于这种现象的三种解释。
【63题详解】
推理判断题。根据“The passage of time does not account for it”以及“Another seemingly reasonable explanation—that infants do not form enduring memories at this point in development—also is incorrect.”可知作者认为他在这一段提到的这两种解释都不对，根据第三段第一句话“However, three other explanations seem more promising.”可知作者提到其它的解释可能更合理，所以第二段主要就是解释为什么有些理论不对，顺便引出第三段的内容，故选B项。
【64题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中“The brain’s level of physiological maturation may support these types of memories, but not ones depending on clear verbal descriptions.”可知婴儿大脑的生理成熟水平可能会支持婴幼儿形成与做过的事情有关的记忆，但不依赖于明确的口头描述。由此可以推断，婴幼儿关于动作的长期记忆的形成比口头上的早，故选B项。
【65题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“Through hearing stories with a clear beginning, middle, and ending children may learn to take out the idea of events in ways that they will be able to describe many years later.”可知通过听有清楚的开头，中间和结尾的故事，孩子们可能学会以他们多年后描述（事情）的方式理解这些事情。这暗示着，讲故事听故事可能让孩子在之后恢复相关的记忆，故选C项。
【66题详解】
主旨大意题。全文主要介绍了关于人为什么记不清楚早期发生的事情的三种解释，D项“解释了为什么人记住童年早期的事情是很困难的”能够概括全文，故选D项。
【点睛】主旨大意题的做题技巧。
如果在概括文章大意时，文中没有明显得主题句时，可以寻找文章出现的高频词（组），任一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，有的文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词（组），即高频词，也叫做主题词。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。
比如第4小题， 除了第一段，每一段都围绕explanation（或explain）来写，而写explanation是高频词汇，考生找出explanation的对象是人类为什么很难记住童年早期发生的事情就可以概括出全文的大意是解释为什么人记住童年早期的事情是很困难的，选出正确答案D项。

Section C
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
A problem shared can be a problem doubled
People discuss their problems with friends in the hope that they’ll gain some idea on how to solve them. And even if they don’t find a way to solve their problems, it feels good to let off some steam. Indeed, having close friends to trust is a good relief against poor mental health. ___67___
The term psychologist’s use for negative problem sharing is “co-rumination”. Co-rumination is the mutual encouragement to discuss problems too much, repeatedly going over the same problems, expecting future problems and focusing on negative feelings. It is more about keeping talking about problems than solving them. ___68___ In a study involving children aged seven to 15 years of age, researchers found that co-rumination in both boys and girls is associated with “high-quality” and close friendships. However, in girls, it was also associated with anxiety and depression (the same association was not found with the boys).
If we look at the theory behind why individuals ruminate, it may shed some light on why friends co-ruminate. ___69___ So if two people believe rumination is beneficial, then working together to co-ruminate to find answers may seem like a useful thing to do, as two heads may appear better than one. But focusing on problems and negative emotion together can increase negative beliefs and moods — and result in a greater need to co-ruminate.
Traditionally, therapy has not prioritised handling rumination or co-rumination directly as maintaining factors in psychological problems. Instead, approaches such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) have aimed to challenge only the content of rumination. Humanistic approaches such as counselling have provided conditions to potentially ruminate on the content of problems. And psychodynamic (心理动力的) approaches such as psychoanalysis have aimed to analyze the content of rumination.
___70___ But if this occurs in therapy, a strong therapeutic relationship may well be a positive outcome of co-rumination — regardless of whether the client’s symptoms improve or not.
And, on the social side, discussing problems with friends doesn’t always have to lead to worsening mental health, as long as the discussion involves finding solutions and the person with the problem acts on those solutions. Then, relationships can be positive and beneficial to both parties, and a problem shared can really be a problem halved.
A. According to a leading theory on rumination, people believe that it will help them find answers and make them feel better.
B. How you co-ruminate matters too.
C. Focusing on the content of rumination runs the risk of fostering co-rumination between client and therapist.
D. How problems are discussed, though, can be the difference between halving a problem or doubling it.
E. Co-rumination with work colleagues can increase the risk of stress and tiredness, one study suggests.
F. Research shows that co-rumination is a double-edged sword.
【答案】67. D 68. F
69. A 70. C
【解析】
这是一篇议论文。与朋友过多地讨论问题，反复讨论同样的问题，期待未来的问题，并关注负面情绪，这种被称为 “共同反刍”。共同反刍是一把双刃剑，可能会让问题减半，也可能会让问题加倍。
【67题详解】
根据前文“.Indeed, having close friends to trust is a good relief against poor mental health.”可知拥有亲密的朋友确实可以很好地缓解心理健康状况。后文，也就是从第二段开始作者介绍了共同反刍的涵义和利弊。空格处需要承上启下，D项“但是，讨论问题的方式可能是将问题减半或加倍。”切题，故选D。
【68题详解】
根据后文“In a study…with anxiety and depression (the same association was not found with the boys).”可知空格处后文介绍了一项涉及7至15岁儿童的研究，研究发现男孩和女孩的共同反刍与“高质量”和亲密的友谊有关。然而，在女孩中，它也与焦虑和抑郁有关。说明共同反刍既有利也有弊。承上启下，F项“研究发现共同反刍是把双刃剑”切题。F项的researches与后文的the study相呼应。故选F。
【69题详解】
根据前文“If we look at the theory behind why individuals ruminate, it may shed some light on why friends co-ruminate.”可知作者想用个人反刍的理论来更好地解释朋友间的共同反刍。承接上文，A项“根据反刍的主要理论，人们相信反刍会帮助他们找到答案并让他们感觉更好。”切题。A项a leading theory on rumination与前文中的the theory behind why individuals ruminate相呼应。故选A。
【70题详解】
根据后文“But if this occurs in therapy, a strong therapeutic relationship may well be a positive outcome of co-rumination — regardless of whether the client’s symptoms improve or not.”可知在如果在治疗时出现了这件事(this)，强烈的治疗关系很可能是共同反刍的积极结果 - 无论客户的症状是否有所改善。空格处需要解释后文this指代的是什么，即什么发生了。呼应下文，C项“专注于反刍的内容存在促进客户和治疗师之间共同反思的风险。”切题。后文this指代的就是C项的内容。故选C。

IV. Summary Writing
71.Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Could you be flexitarian?
What kind of food do you eat? Are you conscious of the types of food you consume? Although there is research on the right diet to follow to help us maintain a healthy lifestyle — but it’s hard to know which one to pick and, once chosen, it’s harder still to stick to it. And now there’s another choice for you.
A flexitarian diet involves eating plant-based foods and only occasionally eating meat and fish. This is a lovely alternative to being a vegetarian by not completely resisting meat.
This eating style allows you to supplement some ingredients that you wouldn’t get in a stricter vegan (纯素) diet. And like veganism, flexitarianism isn’t about eating carefully to help you lose a few pounds — it’s something people choose for ethical reasons, to help the planet. And a study into the global food system and how it affects the climate, has found that eating mainly plant-based foods is one of three key steps towards a sustainable future for all.
This research found that food waste will need to be halved and farming practices will also have to improve to achieve this. But without a single solution, a combined approach is needed. Dr. Marco Springmann, one of the lead authors of the report argued “We really found that a combination of measures would be needed to stay within environmental limits and those include changes towards healthier more plant-based diets.”
While vegans think it’s wrong for animals to be killed for food, flexitarians believe eating meat once in a while is acceptable. And Dr. Springmann agrees — as long as we “treat it as a luxury, it’s probably acceptable but you shouldn’t have more than one serving of red meat, which includes beef and pork, per week.” And here’s another fact to digest: If we moved to this type of diet, the study found that greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture would be cut by more than half.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】To help maintain a healthy lifestyle, we need to keep a right diet, but choosing food is really hard. Unlike vegan diets, a flexitarian one, eating mainly plant-based foods and occasionally having meat, can be beneficial to the environment as well as our health. Of course, the amount of meat one takes should be limited.
【解析】
【分析】
本篇是一篇说明文。选择正确的饮食并且一直坚持很难。与素食主义者饮食不同，现在有一种灵活的饮食，以食用植物为主，偶尔食用肉类，对环境和健康都有益。当然，应该限制肉的摄入量。
【详解】第一步，归纳各个段落的段落大意，第一段讲述的是选择正确的饮食并且一直坚持很难，第二段介绍了灵活饮食，；第三四段主要讲述了灵活饮食对环境和健康都有益；第五段提出灵活饮食者偶尔吃肉是可以的，但是肉的摄入量要控制。
第二步，可以择出重要的信息，选择正确的饮食并且一直坚持很难；灵活饮食以食用植物为主，偶尔食用肉类； 灵活饮食对环境和健康都有益；肉的摄入量要控制。
第三步，得出答案，注意过渡与衔接，字数控制在60字以内。
【点睛】概要写作做题技巧。概要写作不是对段落大意的简单堆积，需要学生读懂文章的大概意思和文章结构，还需要一定写作替换技巧，且注意语言的简洁性。第一步，确定文章的话题和各段的段落大意，比如本文话题为灵活饮食，第一段讲述的是选择正确的饮食并且一直坚持很难，第二段介绍了灵活饮食，；第三四段主要讲述了灵活饮食对环境和健康都有益；第五段提出灵活饮食者偶尔吃肉是可以的，但是肉的摄入量要控制。；第二步，分析各个段落的逻辑关系，确定主观点和次要观点；第三步，注意一定的写作技巧，比如同义词、近义词的替换，句型和结构的转换；第四步，检查单词拼写，语法规则，字数问题等。

V. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
72. 正是她那种急于求成的心态让她无缘决赛。(It)
__________________________
73. 观众在进入体育馆前须把个人物品寄存在入口处的储物柜中。(require)
__________________________
74. 兼备书本知识与实践经验，为毕业生将来的职业生涯打基础。(combination)
__________________________
75. 在这部电影中，两位主人公虽然家境不同，但是志趣相投，共同创业，最终成了莫逆之交。(common)
__________________________
【答案】72. It is her eagerness for success that has made her miss the final.
73. The audience are required to leave their personal belongings in the lockers at the entrance before entering the stadium/gym.
74. The combination of book knowledge and practical experience lays a/the foundation for the future career of the graduates.
75. In the film, the two characters were born with different backgrounds, but they had a lot/much in common, started business together/started an enterprise together/cofounded a company and became close/intimate friends at last.
【解析】
【72题详解】
根据所给词it和中文“正是”可知这句话要用强调句型，强调句型为It is/was+被强调部分+that….。eagerness for success急于求成的心态，miss the final无缘决赛，make sb do sth 使某人做某事。故翻译为It is her eagerness for success that has made her miss the final.
【73题详解】
require sb to do sth要求某人做某事，personal belongings 个人物品，lockers储物柜，at the entrance 在入口处。本句主语为观众（The audience），the audience和require是动宾关系，要用被动语态。时态用一般现在时。故翻译为The audience are required to leave their personal belongings in the lockers at the entrance before entering the stadium/gym.
【74题详解】
兼备书本知识与实践经验，为毕业生将来的职业生涯打基础(combination)
book knowledge书本知识，practical experience实践经验, lays a/the foundation for为……打基础。根据句意，将兼备书本知识与实践经验（The combination of book knowledge and practical experience）作为句子主语，因为为单数，所以谓语动词lay用单数。故翻译为
The combination of book knowledge and practical experience lays a/the foundation for the future career of the graduates.
【75题详解】
be born with different backgrounds家境不同，have a lot/much in common 志趣相投， close/intimate friends莫逆之交。共同创业有多种表达方式：start business together/start an enterprise together/cofound a company。根据句意，本句用but连接前后两个句子。因为讲述的是电影中的内容，时态用一般过去时，要注意全句时态一致。故翻译为In the film, the two characters were born with different backgrounds, but they had a lot/much in common, started business together/started an enterprise together/cofounded a company and became close/intimate friends at last.
【点睛】中译英解题步骤：
1. 仔细阅读中文，理解句子的基本含义，并分析出句子的主谓宾结构，理清句子各部分之间的逻辑关系。判断句子的时态，语态以。第2小题分析中文，将观众（the audience）作为主语，谓语为所给动词require, 用被动语态，时态为一般现在时。
2. 翻译句子。在翻译时要注意句子的每个部分都要翻译出来。第2小题中，除了主谓宾。考生要注意不能忽略翻译“入口处”“储物箱”等。
3. 翻译后，检查句子的时态语态是否正确，以及是否有遗漏。如果发现有遗漏或者错字，要用特定的符号添加删改内容。

VI. Guided Writing
76.Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假设你是明启学校的高三年级学生李磊，你校的英语报正在征集宣传垃圾分类(classify the garbage)的口号与具体措施。请就此写一篇稿件。你的稿件必须包括:
= 你设计的口号及其含义；
= 你的校园垃圾分类建议
(注:文中不得出现真实的姓名及学校名称。)
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】The slogan I design for this event is “Classifying garbage for our future!” The huge amount of garbage brings serious environmental pollution problems. Though garbage classification we can reduce the trash and help protect the environment, which will give us a brighter future.
But garbage classification is more than a slogan. We can hold some activities such as quiz games to raise the students’ awareness of it. Having classes in which students can learn how to correctly classify the trash is very important. And it will be great if we can put some waste containers in different colors. On the one hand, it will remind students of throwing the garbage in the right dustbins and on the other hand students will have a chance to practice what they have learned about garbage classification.
【解析】
【分析】
本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求写一篇关于垃圾分类宣传的稿件。
【详解】第一步：根据提示可知，本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求写一篇关于垃圾分类宣传的稿件，时态应为一般现在时。关键要点如下：（1）你设计的口号及其含义；（2）你的校园垃圾分类建议.
第二步：根据关键要点，确定关键词，如：the slogan is（口号是），提升垃圾分类的意识（raise awareness of garbage classification），正确地进行垃圾分类（correctly classify the trash）等。
第三步：根据提示及关键词进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题以及句子结构完整。
第四步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，使之自然流畅，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面。
【点睛】本篇范文结构清晰，内容完整，过渡衔接严谨自然，符合作文要求，其中不乏亮点句型。
定语从句的使用Though garbage classification we can reduce the trash and help protect the environment, which will give us a brighter future.
非谓语动词的使用Having classes in which students can learn how to correctly classify the trash is very important.
固定句型的使用On the one hand, it will remind students of throwing the garbage in the right dustbins and on the other hand students will have a chance to practice what they have learned about garbage classification.