高考英语书面表达高分与技巧(完整) 教案
展开高考英语书面表达高分与技巧
一. 审题
1、审体裁：明确用什么文体、什么格式。
2、审人称：明确用什么人称。
3、审时态：明确本文的主要时态，使全文时态一致。
4、审要点：明确写什么，要确保要点齐全。既要列出已知要点，还要列出隐含要点，更应列出……要点。
二. 写作建议
1、正确性：书面表达必须坚持正确第一的原则，保证所写句子在语法上、结构上是正确的、得体的，尤其是文章的开头和结尾。
2、条理性：在确保正确的前提下，适当运用一些连接词或连接句，使文章条理清晰。同时还要学会分段。
3、多样性：在确保正确的前提下，要追求句型表达的多样性。
4、复杂性：在确保正确的前提下，要追求词汇词组及句型的复杂性。
5、规范性：要用黑色笔答题，不乱涂乱划，不超出答题区域，字迹要端正，标点符号不乱用。
三. 短语优先原则
书面表达时，能用短语时，尽量用短语。它会使文章增加亮点 ，提升文章的档次，也会给阅卷老师留下一个好印象。
1、因为……没有……
因为生病了他昨天没有参加会议。
He didn’t come to the meeting yesterday because he was ill.
He didn’t attend the meeting yesterday on account of his illness.
He was absent from the meeting yesterday owing to/ due to his illness.
His illness accounted for his absence from the meeting yesterday.
His illness prevented him from attending the meeting yesterday.
2、喜欢……
当他是孩童时，就喜爱学习。
When he was a child, he liked to learn everything.
As a child, he was fond of learning.
When he was a child, he was addicted to knowledge.
As a child, he was mad about knowledge.
When he was a child, he was crazy about learning.
As a child, he took great pleasure in learning.
When he was a child, he had a strong desire/ passion for knowledge.
When he was a child, he had a strong appetite for knowledge.
3、认为……
有75%的学生认为五一节高三学生应该放假。
75% students think that the Senior 3 students should have a holiday on May Day.
Most students , about 75%, hold the view that the Senior 3 should have a holiday on May Day.
The majority of the students accept the idea that the Senior 3 should have a holiday on May Day.
In the opinion of most students, about 3 out of 4, the Senior 3 students should take some days off on May Day.
From the point of most students’ view,…
As far as they are concerned, …
4、感谢……
如果能考虑我的申请，我不胜感激。
I’ll thank you if you can think about my application.
I’ll be grateful / thankful to you if you can think about my application.
I’ll thank you from the bottom of my heart if you can take my application into consideration.
I’ll appreciate it if you can take my application into account.
5、尽力…
我们将尽力按时完成任务。
We’ll do our best to finish our task in time.
We’ll do whatever we can to finish the task in time.
We’ll make great efforts to finish the task in time.
We’ll devote our efforts to finishing the task in time.
We’ll spare no efforts to finish the task in time.
6、突然想到了……
我突然想到了一个好注意。
Suddenly I had a good idea.
All of a sudden, I thought of a good idea.
All of a sudden, I came up with a good idea.
All of a sudden, a good idea occurred to me.
All of a sudden, a good idea flashed across my mind.
7、非常吃惊
污染如此严重，他非常吃惊。
The pollution was so serious. He was very surprised.
He was very surprised to see the pollution was so serious.
He showed great surprise to see how serious the pollution was.
To his great surprise, he found it was so seriously polluted.
What surprised him most was that it was so seriously polluted.
四．一二三原则
1) 1st, 2nd, 3rd, at last (反对）
2）first, second, third, last（不推荐）
3）firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally（不推荐）
4）to begin with, then, furthermore, finally（强烈推荐）
5）to start with, next, in addition, finally（强烈推荐）
6）first and foremost, besides, last but not least（强烈推荐）
7）most important of all/ first of all, moreover, finally
8）on the one hand, on the other hand（适用于两点的情况）
9）for one thing, for another thing（适用于两点的情况）
五．多变句式原则
多变句式指：写作时要适当使用复合句、非谓语形式、被动语态、倒装句、强调句型等，使文章更精彩。
1、合并句子：
1）高考临近，我们没有心情去游玩。
The College Entrance Exam is coming near. We have no interest in going anywhere.
The College Entrance Exam is on the way so we have no desire to go anywhere.
With the College Entrance Exam drawing near, we have no appetite to go anywhere.
2) 他喜欢踢足球，也喜欢打篮球。
He enjoys playing football. He also enjoys playing basketball.
Not only does he enjoy playing football, but also he enjoys playing basketball.
2、改变语态：
1）他在英语方面已经取得了很大的进步。
He has made rapid progress in English.
Rapid progress has been made in English.
2) 我们应尽力阻止环境遭到破坏。
We should make great efforts to prevent the environment from being destroyed.
Great efforts should be made to prevent the environment from being destroyed.
3、使用短语：
1）我英语好，我愿意为大会做志愿者（volunteer).
I’m good at English, so I’d like to be a volunteer for the meeting.
With a good knowledge of English, I’d like to be a volunteer for the meeting.
2) 这辆汽车质量好，价格也合理。
The quality of the car is good, and the price of the car is reasonable.
In addition to the good quality, the price of the car is also reasonable.
4、使用非谓语形式：
1）我愿意在下周五举行的会议上做志愿者。
I would like to be a volunteer for the meeting which will be held next Monday.
I have a strong desire to be a volunteer for the meeting to be held next Monday.
2) 当我发现这么多人坐在教室里，我很紧张。
When I found that so many people were sitting in the classroom, I was very nervous.
Finding so many people seated in the classroom, I was very nervous.
3) 我不得不呆在家里，照料我生病的母亲。
I had to stay at home and look after my sick mother.
I had to stay at home looking after my sick mother.
I had no choice but to stay at home looking after….
5、使用名词性从句：
1) 他没有出现，使每个人失望。
To everyone’s disappointment, he didn’t turn up.
What disappointed everyone was that he didn’t turn up.
It disappointed everyone that he didn’t turn up.
The fact that he didn’t turn up disappointed everyone.
2) 他又迟到了，这使老师非常生气。
He was late again and it made the teacher very angry.
His being late again made the teacher very angry.
It made the teacher very angry that he was late again.
The fact that he was late again made the teacher very angry.
6、使用定语从句：
1）新华词典,词汇11,000个， 价格11元。
There are 11,000 words in the Xin Hua Dictionary. The price of it is 11 yuan.
There are 11,000 words in the Xin Hua Dictionary, the price of which is 11 yuan.
The Xin Hua Dictionary, which charges 11 yuan, has a collection of 11,000 words.
7、使用状语从句：
1）合理安排时间，使学习更有效。
Arrange your time properly. It will make your study more efficiently.
Arrange your time properly so that you can make your study more efficiently.
2) 天下大雨，但他们仍继续工作。
It rained heavily, but they still went on with the work.
Although it rained heavily, they still went on with the work.
Despite the heavy rain, they still went on with the work.
8、使用倒装结构：
在旧社会，人们饥寒交迫。这些日子一去不复返了。
People suffered from cold and hunger in the past. The days are gone forever.
Gone forever are the days when people suffered from cold and hunger.
9、使用强调句型：
生日这天，我们常能收到许多生日礼物及生日祝福。
On birthday, we usually receive a lot of nice presents and good wishes.
It is on birthday that we usually receive a lot of nice presents and good wishes.
六．长短句原则
写作中要注意长短句结合，简单句为主，复合句为辅，不要一味追求长句及复合句。适当的短句，可使文章长短结合，抑扬顿挫。
七．主题句原则
写作时要突出主题，开门见山，把主题句放在文首或段首，使读者一目了然。
I prefer my English classes to be taught in English only. As we all know, a good learning environment is necessary if we want to study English well….
八．多实少虚原则
写作时，一定要写一些实际的东西，不要空话连篇。这就要求一定要多用实词，少用虚词。我这里所说的虚词就是指那些比较大、比较空的词。
比如说“很好”，不应只说very nice. 还可说：generous, humorous, interesting, smart, gentle, warm-hearted,等形容词。
又如：“走出房间”一般的词是：walk out of the room
但是小偷走出房间：slip out of the room
小姐走出房间：sail out of the room
小孩走出房间：dance out of the room
老人走出房间：stagger out of the room
匆匆走出房间：hurry out of the room
冲出房间：rush out of the room
所以多用实词，少用虚词，文章将会大放异彩！
I. 用于文章主题句
- 不用说…
It goes without saying that….
= It is needless to say that…
= Needless to say, …
= It is obvious that…
= Obviously, …
例:不用说早睡早起是值得的。
It goes without saying that it is worthwhile to get up early.
2. 不可否认…
There is no denying that…
= No one can deny that…
There is no doubt that…
There is no possibility of doing...
It is impossible to do...
It is out of the question to do …
There is no point/ sense of doing…
It’s no use / good doing…
例︰不可否认,成功关键在于健康的身心。
There is no denying that success lies in a healthy body and mind.
3.就我的看法…；我认为…
In my opinion,… / Personally, …
= from my point of view, ….
= As far as I am concerned, …
例︰就我的看法，打电脑游戏既花费时间也有害健康。
In my opinion, playing computer games not only takes much time but also is harmful to health.
4. 人们普遍认为 …
it is generally/ commonly accepted/ thought that …
例如：人们普遍认为教育不应该随着毕业而结束 。
It is commonly accepted that education shouldn’t end with graduation.
5. 俗语说得好：…
Well goes an old saying, “…”
= As an old saying goes (runs, says), "…"
= An old saying goes, "…"
= It's an old saying that...
例︰俗话说得好: “诚实为上策”。
As an old saying goes, "Honesty is the best policy."
6. 以下…
(A) …用下列方法… … in the following ways.
(B) …有三个主要理由。 … for three major reasons.
(C) 要…, 至少我们可做三件事。 To …, there are at least three things we can do.
例: 我用下列方法增加信心。
I increase my confidence in the following ways.
人们学外语有三个理由。
People learn a foreign language for three major reasons.
为了维护健康,我们每天至少可做三件事。
To keep healthy, there are at least three things we can do every day.
6. …正成为增长的趋势
There is a growing tendency for sb to do…
例如：近年来，人们买汽车呈增长的趋势。
There is a growing tendency for people to buy private cars in recent years.
学生考试作弊现象呈增长趋势。
There is a growing tendency for students to cheat in the exam.
II. 用于文章承转句
- 基于/考虑到…
In view of …= Considering…
例如：考虑到这些严重的状况， 我们必须采取一些措施来阻止河流被污染。
In view of such a serious situation, something must be done to prevent the rivers from being polluted.
基于这个理由… For this reason, …
为了这个目的… For this purpose, …
例如：基于这个理由,我已决定把改变注意。
For this reason, I have decided to change my mind.
2. 此外, …
besides /in addition/ moreover/ what’s more/ furthermore…
例如︰此外我们还应该考虑他们提出的一些建议。
In addition, we should take their suggestions into consideration.
3. 相反地…
on the contrary, …
= by contrast/ in contrast, …
例︰相反地,我们应该帮助那些处于困境中的学生。
On the contrary, we should help those students who are in trouble.
与上面的观点相反，大部分学生认为英语课应该用英语授课。
Contrary to the above opinion, the majority of the students prefer their English classes to be taught in English.
III. 用于文章结论句
1. 总而言之…
in conclusion/ to sum up/ in short / in a word/ in brief / in general / on the whole / generally speaking …
例︰总而言之,公民应该遵守交通规则.
In conclusion, a citizen should obey the traffic rules.
IV. 数据、图表类句型
1. 从表中可知……
1. The table /chart shows/indicates (that)…
2. From /According to the table/ chart, we can see…
3. As is shown in the table/chart ,…
4. As can be seen from the table/chart, …
5. According to the survey, ...
6. It can be seen from the figures/statistics that…
7. We can see from the figures/statistics that…
8. It is clear/obvious from the figures/statistics that…
2. 增加/减少……
增加：increase / rise / go up / grow / jump
减少：decrease / go down / drop / fall /decline /reduce
稳定：remain stable /steady ...
达到：reach
接近：approach
增加了/ 到……
it has increased by/ to…
it has risen by/ to….
it has gone up by/ to…
compared with that of…, there is an increase of…
compared with…, … has doubled.
占……%
… cover 20%; take up 20%;
下降了/到……
it has decreased by/ to…
it has fallen by/ to…
it has dropped by/ to…
议论文
1、议论文写作要求：
观点正确、论据充分、语言精炼、论证合理、思维严密。
2、议论文的语言特点：
1）时态的使用相对比较广泛，根据行文的需要可以使用任何时态；
2）主动语态、陈述句式为主，被动语态和虚拟语气也经常使用；
3）恰当地使用过渡词和一些固定句型。
议论文常用的句型有：
We had a heated discussion on whether….
Different people have different opinion.
Every coin has two sides.
Opinions are divided on this point.
45% of the people are in favour of the…
However, 55% of the people are against the…
As far as I am concerned,…
There is no denying that…
There is no doubt that …
议论文常见结构：
提出问题----一种观点---主要理由
另一种观点---主要理由
我的观点---主要理由
议论文常用的写作模板：
模板1 不同观点
1）讨论问题 2）观点1 3--5）原因 6）观点2 7--8)理由 8) 我的观点 9--10）理由 10）结论
We had a heated discussion about whether (1)_____.
Opinions are divided on this question. 70 percent of the students _____(2). Firstly,(3) _______. Secondly, (4)_______. What’s more, (5) ________.
On the other hand, 30 percent of the students ____(6). In their opinion, first,(7) _______. Second,(8) ______.
As far as I am concerned, I am ____(8). First of all, ____(9). In addition, ____(10).
例1
最近，你校同学正在参加某英文报组织的一场讨论。主题是：公园要不要收门票。请根据下表所提供的信息，给报社写一封信。门票：entrance fee
大多数人认为 | 30%的人认为 | 我的观点 |
1）不应收门票 2）公园是公众休闲的地方 3）如收门票，需建大门、围墙，会影响城市形象 | 1）应收门票，但票价不宜高 2）支付园林工人的工资 3）购新花木 | … |
We had a heated discussion about whether an entrance fee should be charged for parks.
Opinions are divided on the question. The majority of the students are against the idea of charging entrance fees. Firstly, they think a park is a place where people can rest and enjoy themselves. Charging entrance fees will no doubt keep people away. What’s more, it will be necessary to build gates and walls, which will do harm to the appearance of a city.
On the other hand, 30% of the students are in favour of the idea that entrance fees should be charged. In their opinion, the money could be used to pay gardeners and other workers, and to buy flowers and young trees. They suggest, however, fees should be charged low.
As far as I am concerned, a park should be free of charge. First of all, a park is set up with people’s own money and therefore, it should serve the people. In addition, we should put the interests of the people be everything else.
模板2 利弊分析
1）现象 2--3）优点 4--5) 不足 6) 我的观点
Nowadays , with the development of our society and economy, (1)______ is very popular in our daily life. There is no denying/ doubt that (2)____. What’s more, _____(3)
However, every coin has two sides.
It also has many disadvantages. For example, first, (4) __________. Second (5) ______.
In my opinion, _______(6).
根据下表信息写一篇英语短文
目前私家车相当普及，它给人民带来方便的同时，也带来了麻烦。
优点 | 方便；快捷；舒适 |
不足 | 环境污染；交通拥挤；交通事故 |
我的观点 | …… |
Nowadays, with the development of our society and economy, private cars are more and more popular in people’s daily life. There is no denying that they bring much convenience to people. What’s more, it is much more comfortable and faster to travel in private cars.
However, every coin has two sides.
They have also many disadvantages. For example, first, private cars lead to not only serious pollution but also heavy traffic. In addition, road accidents are often seen here and there every day.
In my opinion, we should control the number of private cars in cities to some extent.
模板3 反映问题
1) 问题 2-3) 问题具体表现/或原因 4-5) 提出措施 6) 总结
There is no denying that ____(1), which is becoming more and more serious. First, ____(2). Second, ____(3).
Something must be done to deal with the problem . In my opinion, to begin with, _____(4). In addition, _______(5). Only in this way can we ____________(6).
请根据下表信息，写一篇英语短文，反映问题并提出解决问题的建议。
问题 | 环境污染 |
具体表现 | 1、河水发黑、发臭； 2、噪声很大，严重影响学习生活 |
解决办法 | …… |
There is no denying that the environment around us is polluted , which is becoming more and more serious. First, the river is badly polluted by the waste water, as a result, the water is black and smelly. Second, terrible noises can be heard here and there, which prevents us from studying and resting and does great harm to our health.
Therefore, something must be done to deal with the problem . In my opinion, to begin with, we should make it clear to the public how serious the problem is. In addition, we should take effective measures to prevent the environment from being polluted. Only in this way can we solve the problem.
比较类
1、常用时态：
过去情况的描写用一般过去时；对现在情况的描写用一般现在时。 一般分2段。
2、常用人称：第一、第三人称
3、常用关联词语：
with the development of our country…
in the past, nowadays, at present, with time going by, what’s more, in addition等
4、常用句型：
Great changes have taken place in … since…
Days are gone when…
Compared with…,….
5、常见模板
模板4 过去与现在对比
1) 地点/方面 2--3) 过去情况 4) 过去的总体情况 5--6)现在情况
With the rapid development of our country , great changes have taken place in (1) ____. In the past, (2) ___________________. (3)_______________________________. With time going by, days are gone when (4)___________. (5) ______________. What’s more, (6) ________________________.
用英语写一篇关于中国家庭生活发生变化的短文
时间 类别 | 过去 | 现在 |
家庭用品 | 收音机、缝纫机、手表等 | 彩电、洗衣机、手机、电脑等 |
交通工具 | 步行、自行车、公共汽车 | 火车、飞机甚至拥有私家汽车 |
居住条件 | 简陋破旧 | 高楼大厦、宽敞明亮 |
With the rapid development of our country, great changes have taken place in Chinese families. In the past, people considered owing radios, sewing machines and watches as signs of wealth. When they went out, most of them had to walk. If the living conditions were good, they could ride a bicycle or take a bus. Many lived in a small and old house shared by the whole family.
With time going by, days are gone when people lived such a poor life. Now many ordinary families own color TV sets, washing machines, mobile phones, computers and so on. What’s more, people can travel by train or plane, and some even have cars. In addition, most people live in large bright houses.
数据分析
1、常用时态：
过去情况的描写用一般过去时；对现在情况的描写用一般现在时。
2、常用人称：第一、第三人称
3、常用关联词语：
with the development of …, according to the chart/ table, in the past, nowadays, at present, with time going by, what’s more, in addition, compared with…等
4、写作特点：
数据描述要简洁，避免重复；一般分2段。
模板5 数据变化
1) 某种产品 2)百分之几的人 3)某种产品 4) 时间 5)百分之几的人 6)某种产品 7) 时间 8)某种产品 9) 倍数 10) 时间 11--12)原因
With the development of our society, (1) ____ plays more and more important role in people’s life. According to the chart, only (2)____had a (3)____ in (4)____. With time going on, (5) _____ had a (6) ____ in (7)_____. The number of the people who had (8) ____ increased by (9)____ compared with (10) ______.
There are several reasons for the increase. First, (11) ______. Secondly, (12) ______.
I’m sure greater changes will take place in our country.
请根据下表写一篇短文介绍某地区近年来私家车拥有量变化的情况.内容包括：1、私家车拥有量变化的总体情况；2、解释发生变化的原因；3、变化说明了什么及所带来的益处。
年份 | 2000年 | 2004年 | 2006年 |
私家车拥有量 | 1% | 10% | 18% |
With the development of society, cars play more and more important role in people’s life. According to the table, only 1% of people had a private car in 2000. With time going on, 10% of the people owned a private car in 2004. The number of the people who had a private car increased by 17% in 2006, compared with that of 2000.
There are several reasons for the increase. First, people were getting richer and richer and could afford a car. Secondly, more and more people began to pay attention to the quality of life. In addition, the price of the car is decreasing year by year.
The changes shows that people’s living conditions have been improved greatly in the past 5 years. We are sure that cars will be more and more popular in our country.
