高考英语一轮复习——现在完成时 教案
展开现在完成时 1,结构:主语+have/has+动词过去分词 例句:I have eaten an apple. 否定: 疑问句: 答句:肯定/否定
2,使用情况: 第一种情况:动作在过去发生,对现在产生影响。 I have lost my keys,so I can’t go home now. 过去丢了钥匙,但对现在造成了影响回不了家。 又如:He has caught a bad cold.He can’t go to school.
第二种情况,动作从过去开始发生,并一直持续到现在,并且很有可能继续持续下去。 常和for+时间段/since+过去时间点(词组或从句)连用等时间状语。 常用在完成时中的时间状语:recently, already,yet,so far,until now, by now, ever。 辨析以下几组词汇: just now/just, in the past/in the past few years,already/yet Just 常和完成时连用,just now表刚才,应用一般过去时。 例句:I drank a glass of beer just now. I have just drunk a glass of beer.(just一般位于have,has和过去分词之间)
In the past 在过去的某个时间点,和过去时连用,in the past few years是过去的几年里,是时间段。 例句: I was a teacher in the past I have been a teacher in the past few years.
already表已经,位置比较灵活: I have eaten the cake already. I have already eaten the cake. yet既可以翻译为已经,也可以翻译为还没。 在填空时需要注意辨别两个中文意义: Have you found your keys (已经)?
For+时间段: A I have taught English for 5 years.(时间段) 例句A若改为since:自从 引导:I have taught English since 5 years ago. 两句表达的意义相同,使用方式却不一样,since和for可以互相转化,只需要将时间段和时间点改变。
Since的用法: Since 也可以引导时间状语从句,如: I have worked in this shop since I was a little girl. 这种情况下的时态选择为:(主句现完,从句一般过) 再如:James has been a doctor since he graduated from the university.
需要注意的是,表达某事持续多长时间:“it is +一段时间+since从句” 时态选择为:主句一般现在时,从句一般过去时 例:It is two hours since the meeting began.
翻译该句子: Lucy离开家已经一个礼拜了。(出去旅游了) .
句子中有明确一段时间,或暗示是一段时间段时,句子中谓语动词必须使用延续性动词,而不是非延续性动词。非延续性动词不可以和时间段连用。
例: I have bought a book for ten days.× I have had a book for ten days. √
练习: 翻译下列句子: 1,我已经结婚六年了。 2,Lucy的妹妹已经感冒很久了。 3,把电视音量调小,宝宝已经睡着了。
【注意】 1,忌处处都用延续性动词。 句子中有明显的时间段时,才需要将非延续性动词改为延续性动词。 如:I have bought a new book. I have had this book for 2 months.
2,不只是完成时态中需要延续性动词,下面这两种也经常考: 我能借这本书多久? How long can I borrow the book?× How long can I keep the book?√
请在我离开的那段时间照顾狗。 Please look after my dog when I leave.× Please look after my dog while I am away.√
3,短暂性动词的否定形式可以看做是延续性动词 例: We haven't met since three years ago.
【注意】 Have been to ,have gone to , have been in 的区别 ①have gone to: 在去某地的路上,或者已经离开了出发地,或者已经到了目的地,总之已经离开了说话者的位置,还没回来。 在上表可知,由于go是短暂性动词,故该词组使用时,不可以和时间段的词组连用。 如:James has gone to New York with his family.表示James已经出发离开,或者到了纽约,或者在去纽约的路上,还没回来。 如:I have gone to Shanghai for two days.×这种表达就是错误的。
②Have been to: 曾经去过某地,现在已经回来,或者已经去了其他地方,总之已经离开了。强调人的过往经历,常和次数连用。 如:I have been to the Great Britain for three times. 注意:0次也是次数! 例:I have never USA .(been to/gone to/been in) 从没去过,隐藏了去了0次的意义。
③have been in: 还待在句中提到的位置,小地点可用at。通常会和一段时间连用。 如:Mr. Smith has been in this school for twenty years.待了20年,现在还在这个学校。
练习:
注意,不要学了完成时后,处处都用完成时态。 过去时和完成时的区别: 1,有明确的过去时间状语,如yesterday, last month, a few days ago等。 观察以下填空题: 例: We have to repair the window because a strong wind (break) it. 如改为: We have to repair the window today,because a strong wind (break) it yesterday.
2,有上下文提示,确定是否对现在有影响,注意but等转折词。 My father __went___ (go) to France several times in his twenties. Now he teaches French in a famous university. 答案为一般过去式,而非完成时。
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