高考英语一轮复习——情态动词完成时态的用法 教案
展开“情态动词+have done”用法归纳
情态动词+have done | 用法 | 例句 |
must have done | 表示主观上对过去已经发生的行为进行推测，意为“想必，准是，一定做了某事” | ①She must have gone through a lot. ②He must have visited the White House during his stay in the United States. |
may have done might have done | ① 表示对过去已发生行为的推测，意为“也许/或许已经（没有）……” ② 一般用于肯定句或否定句中，不用于疑问句 ③ 用might则表示语气更加不肯定 | ①You may have learnt the news. ②He may not have heard his name called. ③Sorry I’m late. I might have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again. |
might have done | ① 表示“本来可能……，但实际上没有发生的事情”即，推测过去有可能发生但已确知并为发生的事情may have done 没有此用法 ② 另外，还可以表示“本来应该或可以做某事”之意，含有轻微的责备语气；有时也表劝告
| ①You should not swim in that sea; you might have been eaten by a shark. ② He might have given him more help, thought he was busy. |
can…have done cannot have done | ① 只用在否定句和疑问句中 ① 表示对过去发生的行为的怀疑和不肯定 ③ can换成could时语气委婉 | ① Where can she have gone? ② Could he have done such a foolish thing? ③ The boy can’t have finished reading the book so soon because it is difficult even to an adult. |
could have done | ① 可用在肯定句、否定句和疑问句中 ② 表示“可能已经……” ② 还可以表示过去能做而没 做的事，有一种对过去为付诸实施的事情的惋惜 | ① He could have killed himself driving at a dangerous speed. ②You could have been more considerate. ③You could have done better, but you were too careless. |
should/ought to have done | ① 用于肯定句时，表示本该做某事，而实际上未做 ② 用于否定句时，则表示不该做的事反而做了 | ①He should have known that the police would never allow this sort of thing. ②You shouldn’t have done it so carelessly. ③You ought to have returned the book earlier. ④You ought not to have refused his offer. |
needn’t have done | ① 表示做了本来不必去做的事 ② 注意：didn’t need to do表示“没必要做而实际上也没有做某事” | ①You needn’t have watered the plants, for it is going to rain. ②I didn’t need to buy the dictionary. I had a copy at home. |
had better have done | 用于事后的建议，含轻微责备的口吻，意为“当时最好做了某事”，其否定式had better not have done表示相反的含义 | ①You had better have started earlier. ②You had better not have scolded her. |
would rather have done | 表示“当时宁愿做了某事”，其否定式would rather not have done表示相反的含义，两者都表示“后悔”之意 | ①I would rather have taken his advice. ②I would rather not have told him the truth. |
was(were) to have done sth | 过去未曾实现的计划或愿望 | ①The meeting was to have been held at 10 yesterday morning. ②He was to have attended the conference, but he fell ill. |
