北京市朝阳区2026届高三下学期一模试题 英语 含解析

这是一份北京市朝阳区2026届高三下学期一模试题 英语 含解析，共33页。试卷主要包含了5分，共15分）， A等内容，欢迎下载使用。
（考试时间90分钟 满分100分）
本试卷共10页。考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。
第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30分）
第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Nt knwing hw t ride a bike as an adult became a jke abut me. It affected my self-esteem. Hannah, my best friend, nticed and ffered t teach me. We walked a bike t the park. I wn’t lie: the ____1____ self-talk was cming in ht. “I’ll never be able t d this and I am nt ready.”
In the park, the lessn began exactly as I suspected. Wrse still, the pedal had cut my ankle. “This is nt wrking,” I wailed (哀号). “I was stupid fr ____2____! I shuldn’t have bthered!”
“Wait here,” Hannah said befre riding ff. I shuldn’t have been ____3____ at all. “Wh wuld want t be arund smene wh culdn’t even gather up the resilience (韧性) fr an hur?” But anther thught ppped in. “Wh says yu’re nt resilient?” I ____4____ it, explring all the times I had been resilient, when I had ____5____ hard things, and hw prud I had been. The lnger I thught, the strnger my ____6____ grew.
When Hannah headed back, I was determined t take the lessn and try my best. She pulled up with tw things that made everything even ____7____: my favurite cffee and a tl t remve the pedals s that I culd practice rlling and learn balance.
Arund mid-mrning, I was rlling dwn the hill. That afternn, with great pride, I was riding, which was a great big “____8____” t my self-dubt. Mnths later, I fully accepted this ____9____ f thinking when riding again. Yes, I had shaky mments, but instead f ____10____ my abilities, I reminded myself, “Yu’ve dne this befre, and yu can d it again.” With kindness frm a lving friend, I have becme smene wh lves myself — and knws hw t ride a bike.
1. A. gentleB. negativeC. calmingD. greedy
2. A. arguingB. cryingC. mvingD. trying
3. A. happyB. patientC. surprisedD. wrried
4. A. fllwedB. interruptedC. prducedD. shared
5. A. frgttenB. vercmeC. cnsideredD. abandned
6. A. dutyB. cntrlC. reslveD. tensin
7. A. easierB. richerC. saferD. fairer
8. A. shut upB. mve nC. stand byD. wake up
9. A. cstB. rleC. rtD. change
10. A. usingB. testingC. imprvingD. questining
【答案】1. B 2. D 3. C 4. A 5. B 6. C 7. A 8. A 9. D 10. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述作者成年后不会骑自行车，在好友汉娜帮助下，克服自我怀疑，最终学会骑车并改变思维方式的经历。
【1题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我不会说谎：消极的自我对话如潮水般涌来。“我永远做不到这件事，而且我还没准备好。”A. gentle温柔的；B. negative消极的；C. calming平静的；D. greedy贪婪的。根据后文作者说“I’ll never be able t d this and I am nt ready.”可知，这些都是消极的自我对话。故选B项。
【2题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：“这样不行，”我哀号道，“我尝试这件事真是太蠢了！我本就不该自找麻烦的！”A. arguing争论；B. crying哭泣；C. mving移动；D. trying尝试。根据前文“Nt knwing hw t ride a bike as an adult became a jke abut me. It affected my self-esteem. Hannah, my best friend, nticed and ffered t teach me. We walked a bike t the park.”以及“Wrse still, the pedal had cut my ankle.”可知，作者在学习骑自行车，觉得自己尝试学骑车这个行为很愚蠢。故选D项。
【3题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我根本不应该感到惊讶。“谁会想和一个连一小时的韧性都没有的人在一起呢？”A. happy开心的；B. patient耐心的；C. surprised惊讶的；D. wrried担忧的。根据前文““Wait here,” Hannah said befre riding ff.”可知，朋友汉娜骑走离开，作者以为对方放弃了自己，感到很沮丧，自我否定，认为自己连一小时练习都坚持不了，朋友离开是理所当然的，自己不应该为此感到惊讶。故选C项。
【4题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我顺着这个想法，回想着所有我曾有韧性的时候，那些我克服困难的时候，以及我曾多么自豪。A. fllwed跟随，顺着；B. interrupted打断；C. prduced生产；D. shared分享。根据前文““Wh says yu’re nt resilient?””可知，作者顺着这个想法，开始回想自己有韧性的时刻。故选A项。
【5题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我顺着这个想法，回想着所有我曾有韧性的时候，那些我克服困难的时候，以及我曾多么自豪。A. frgtten忘记；B. vercme克服；C. cnsidered考虑；D. abandned抛弃。根据前文“explring all the times I had been resilient”以及后文“hw prud I had been.”可知，是克服困难的时候体现出韧性。故选B项。
【6题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我想得越久，我决心就越坚定。A. duty责任；B. cntrl控制；C. reslve决心；D. tensin紧张。根据前文“explring all the times I had been resilient”以及下文“When Hannah headed back, I was determined t take the lessn and try my best. ”可知，作者回想自己曾经有韧性克服困难的时刻，想要重新尝试的决心越来越强烈。故选C项。
【7题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她带着两样东西回来，让一切变得更容易了：我最喜欢的咖啡，以及一个用来拆掉踏板的工具，这样我就可以练习滑行并学习平衡。A. easier更容易的；B. richer更富有的；C. safer更安全的；D. fairer更公平的。根据后文“a tl t remve the pedals s that I culd practice rlling and learn balance.”以及“That afternn, with great pride, I was riding”提到的拆掉踏板练习滑行学习平衡以及作者之后学会骑车可知，这两样东西让学骑车变得更容易。故选A项。
【8题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：那天下午，我非常自豪，我学会骑车了，这对我的自我怀疑来说是一个响亮的“闭嘴”。A. shut up闭嘴；B. mve n继续前进；C. stand by支持，袖手旁观；D. wake up醒来。根据前文“That afternn, with great pride, I was riding”可知，作者学会骑车，用实际行动回应了之前的自我怀疑，相当于让自我怀疑“闭嘴”。故选A项。
【9题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：几个月后，再次骑车时，我完全接受了这种思维方式的转变。A. cst花费；B. rle角色；C. rt根源；D. change改变。根据前文“which was a great big “____” t my self-dubt.”以及后文“I reminded myself, “Yu’ve dne this befre, and yu can d it again.””可知，作者从之前怀疑自己到现在相信自己，作者的思维方式发生了改变。故选D项。
【10题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：是的，我有过摇摆不定的时刻，但我不再质疑自己的能力，而是提醒自己：“你以前做到过，你还能再做到。”A. using使用；B. testing测试；C. imprving提高；D. questining质疑。根据前文作者思维方式转变，以及后文“I reminded myself, “Yu’ve dne this befre, and yu can d it again.””鼓励自己的话可知，作者不再质疑自己的能力。故选D项。
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Turism is ne f the wrld’s ____11____ (big) industries, and a highly plluting ne. Nw the “Rewilding Prtugal” prject, ____12____ turists help restre degraded farmland by planting native trees, turns turists int active participants in repairing the planet. In return, the turists stay in renewable-pwered accmmdatins. Critics argue that the prject is just a marketing trick. But supprters believe it ffers a way ____13____ (make) travel meaningful, by turning it int an pprtunity t learn, cnnect, and cntribute.
【答案】11. biggest
12. where 13. t make
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了“Rewilding Prtugal”项目，该项目让游客通过种植本土树木帮助恢复退化的农田，将游客转变为修复地球的积极参与者。
【11题详解】
考查形容词最高级。句意：旅游业是世界上最大的产业之一，也是一个污染严重的产业。根据句意和“ne f the wrld’s”可知，此处表示“最大的产业之一”，应用形容词最高级biggest作定语，修饰名词industries。故填biggest。
【12题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：现在，“Rewilding Prtugal”项目让游客通过种植本土树木帮助恢复退化的农田，将游客转变为修复地球的积极参与者。“_____ turists help restre degraded farmland by planting native trees”为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词prject，关系词将其代入定语从句中作抽象的地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。
【13题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：但支持者认为，它提供了一种使旅行有意义的方式，通过将旅行变成一个学习、联系和贡献的机会。“(make) travel meaningful”作后置定语，名词way后常用动词不定式作定语，意为“……的方式”。故填t make。
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Accrding t internatinal standards, China is nw cnsidered a mderately aging sciety. Ppulatin is ne f the key variables affecting ecnmic grwth. ____14____ the dubts and cncerns ver the cuntry’s ability t maintain its ecnmic grwth mmentum (势头), a majr ne is ____15____ China’s ecnmy has peaked r nt due t a decrease in labr supply. In respnse, China is taking a cmprehensive apprach that ____16____ (cmbine) technlgical prgress with investment in human capital, which can ultimately bst labr prductivity.
【答案】14. Amng
15. whether
16. cmbines
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍依据国际标准中国已步入中度老龄化社会，人口是影响经济增长的关键变量之一，并阐释了外界对中国经济增长的相关质疑及中国针对性的应对举措。
【14题详解】
考查介词。句意：在有关该国能否保持经济增长势头的种种疑虑与担忧之中，一个主要问题是劳动力供给减少是否已让中国经济见顶。结合句意，此处表示“在……之中”，需用介词amng，位于句首首字母大写。故填Amng。
【15题详解】
考查表语从句。句意同上。分析句子结构，空后为表语从句，结合后文“r nt” 可知，此处表达“是否”，需用连接词whether引导从句。故填whether。
【16题详解】
考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：对此，中国正采取综合性举措，将技术进步与人力资本投资相结合，最终能够提升劳动生产率。设空处为定语从句谓语，关系代词that指代先行词a cmprehensive apprach，为单数，主句为一般现在时，定语从句谓语动词需用第三人称单数形式。故填cmbines。
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
T Benjamin and Lic, tw Frenchmen, China was a distant yet fascinating place, a name mre ften ____17____ (find) in headlines. In September 2023, the tw friends decided t walk all the way t China, ____18____ (chse) t keep their jurney lw-carbn. They quit their jbs, packed nly essentials and accepted that the rad ahead ____19____ (last) ver a year. China, which they entered after a yearlng jurney, marked a milestne, nt just in gegraphical terms, but emtinally. By the time they arrived in Lanzhu, they ____20____ (be) n the rad fr abut 450 days.
【答案】17. fund
18. chsing
19. wuld last
20. had been
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了两位法国人本杰明和洛伊克辞去了工作，踏上了低碳之旅前往中国。经过约 450 天的行程，他们抵达了兰州，中国成为了他们此次旅程的一个重要里程碑。
【17题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：对于本杰明和洛伊克这两位法国人来说，中国是一个遥远而又充满魅力的地方，这个名字常常出现在新闻头条上。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作后置定语修饰name，name与find是被动关系（名字“被出现在”头条中），用过去分词作后置定语。故填fund。
【18题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：2023 年 9 月，这两位朋友决定一路步行前往中国，他们选择让自己的旅程尽可能低碳。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，主语the tw friends与 chse为主动关系，所以为现在分词作伴随状语。故填chsing。
【19题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：他们辞去了工作，只携带了必需品，并接受了前方道路将持续超过一年的现实。分析句子可知，主句谓语accepted 为一般过去时，宾语从句表达“当时看来前路将会持续一年多”，用过去将来时。故填wuld last。
【20题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：当他们抵达兰州时，他们已经在路上走了大约 450 天。分析句子可知，by the time + 一般过去时，主句常用过去完成时，表示“截止到过去某个时间已经……”。故填had been。
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Are yu curius abut hw health cnnects with the wrld arund us? Want t tackle real glbal challenges and discver hw yu can make a difference? “Glbal Health” explres hw medicine, public health, internatinal relatins, ecnmics and ther disciplines must be integrated t save lives wrldwide. In this curse, students will learn abut current appraches t prmting health, preventing disease and delivering health services t cmmunities in need arund the wrld. Yu’ll explre the science f public health, the strategies used t predict and stp epidemics, and the pwer f cmmunicatin in keeping cmmunities safe.
Learning Highlights
·Describe the prcesses by which infectius diseases spread
·Identify and explain the cre public health methds and tls fr detecting, cntrlling and preventing infectius disease utbreaks
·Analyze histrical and cntemprary case studies f infectius disease utbreaks and evaluate hw different respnse strategies succeeded r failed
·Use health research methds t gather and interpret data relevant t glbal health issues
·Describe the majr health behavir theries used in public health
Weekly Assignments
21. In Glbal Health, students can ________.
A. frecast the public health challengesB. prvide cmmunities with health services
C. address the prblems n cmmunity safetyD. explre health issues in a multidisciplinary way
22. The curse highlights ________.
A. designing public health tlsB. prpsing health behavir theries
C. assessing respnse strategies fr epidemicsD. mnitring the spread f infectius diseases
23. What are students assigned t d in the curse?
A. Reprt t guest speakers.B. Cnduct mini health research.
C. Give talks n SDGs individually.D. Detect real campus utbreaks.
【答案】21. D 22. C 23. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍“全球健康”课程的内容、学习重点及每周作业安排。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中的““Glbal Health” explres hw medicine, public health, internatinal relatins, ecnmics and ther disciplines must be integrated t save lives wrldwide.(“全球健康”课程探索了医学、公共卫生、国际关系、经济学和其他学科如何必须整合起来，以拯救全球范围内的生命)”可知，在“全球健康”课程中，学生可以以多学科融合的方式探索健康问题。故选D项。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据Learning Highlights中的“Analyze histrical and cntemprary case studies f infectius disease utbreaks and evaluate hw different respnse strategies succeeded r failed(分析传染病爆发的历史和当代案例研究，并评估不同应对策略的成败)”可知，该课程重点包括评估传染病的应对策略。故选C项。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据Weekly Assignments中的“Week 3: Design and carry ut a mini health study.(第三周：设计并开展一项小型健康研究)”可知，学生在课程中被分配开展小型健康研究。故选B项。
B
I had been cnsidering giving up. Fr the past eight years, I’ve met with prspective first-year students as a vlunteer interviewer fr my alma mater (母校). The reprts I submit after the interviews becme part f their admissins file. But acceptance rate f my university is lw and each time I see the wrd “Denied” next t ne f my interviewees’ names at the end f an admissins cycle, I feel a little mre heartbrken.
Dn’t get me wrng. I’ve gtten t knw lads f inspiring kids, and a handful f them were ffered a spt. After a cycle in which nne f my interviewees was green-lighted, thugh, I started t wnder: In expressing my enthusiasm fr my university in interviews, was I ding them a favr r setting them up fr disappintment? Was it fair f me t share an inside lk int my university when mst wn’t have access t it?
Then, ut f the blue, I received a text frm ne f “my” admits, Layla. She thanked me fr getting her int my university. I was tuched, but I mentally dismissed the validity (合理性) f what seemed t be a misguided assumptin f hw the admissins prcess wrks.
We met fr cffee a few mnths later, and she delighted me with a detailed discussin f her classes, her prfessrs, her research, and her friends. Her eyes were bright, her excitement visible. She tld me she had submitted a request t spend 20 minutes with her admissins file. I culdn’t understand why she wanted t take the time t lk. Culdn’t she just enjy her time as an admitted student withut being distracted by disturbing questins f whether she belnged?
As it turns ut, Layla learned that the admissins fficer wh first read her file was n the fence abut her but then decided t put her applicatin thrugh fr anther read because f what I’d written in my interview reprt. My vice had made a difference.
Layla fund the relief she’d been lking fr: Why was she here? Did she really matter t this incredible cmmunity? Seeing her put her wrries t rest helped me d the same with my wn. Maybe smetimes we all need t hear that we matter.
24. What made the authr cnsider giving up the vlunteer wrk?
A. Getting tired f writing interview reprts.
B. Failing t help sme f the prmising kids.
C. Disappintment with interviewees’ abilities.
D. Inability t stimulate interviewees’ enthusiasm.
25. Initially, the authr viewed Layla’s thank-yu text as ________.
A. a reliefB. a distractinC. a rewardD. a misunderstanding
26. Why did Layla request t review her admissins file?
A. T ease her wrries abut future.
B. T clarify the authr’s cnfusin.
C. T cnfirm she deserved the admissin.
D. T prve the authr’s reprt played a rle.
27. What can we learn frm this passage?
A. Each sul needs a witness.B. Every clud has a silver lining.
C. What ges arund cmes arund.D. What matters always vices itself.
【答案】24. B 25. D 26. C 27. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述作者八年担任母校志愿面试官，因不少优秀申请者落选心生放弃念头，后来收到被录取学生莱拉的感谢，最终知晓自己的面试报告起到关键作用，明白每个人都需要被肯定、被看见的暖心故事。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“But acceptance rate f my university is lw and each time I see the wrd “Denied” next t ne f my interviewees’ names at the end f an admissins cycle, I feel a little mre heartbrken. (但我所在大学的录取率很低，每当在招生周期结束时，看到我的面试者名字旁边写着“被拒”时，我都会感到更加心碎。)”以及第二段“I’ve gtten t knw lads f inspiring kids, and a handful f them were ffered a spt. After a cycle in which nne f my interviewees was green-lighted, thugh, I started t wnder: In expressing my enthusiasm fr my university in interviews, was I ding them a favr r setting them up fr disappintment? (我确实结识了不少鼓舞人心的孩子，其中有几位获得了录取资格。然而，在一个周期里，没有一个面试者被录取，我开始怀疑：在面试中表达我对大学的热情，我是在帮他们还是让他们失望？)”可知，作者多次看到有潜力的面试者被拒，感到沮丧和心碎，开始怀疑自己的工作是否有意义，因此考虑放弃志愿工作。故选B项。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“She thanked me fr getting her int my university. I was tuched, but I mentally dismissed the validity (合理性) f what seemed t be a misguided assumptin f hw the admissins prcess wrks. (她感谢我让她进入了我的大学。我很感动，但我在心里否定了这种看似对录取过程有误解的假设的合理性。)”可知，作者最初认为Layla的感谢信息是对录取过程的一种误解，因为作者知道录取过程复杂，不是一个人能决定的。故选D项。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“She tld me she had submitted a request t spend 20 minutes with her admissins file. I culdn’t understand why she wanted t take the time t lk. Culdn’t she just enjy her time as an admitted student withut being distracted by disturbing questins f whether she belnged? (她告诉我，她已经提交了申请，要求花20分钟查看她的录取档案。我不明白她为什么要花时间去看。她就不能享受作为被录取学生的时光，而不被是否属于这里这种令人不安的问题所干扰吗？)”以及第五段“As it turns ut, Layla learned that the admissins fficer wh first read her file was n the fence abut her but then decided t put her applicatin thrugh fr anther read because f what I’d written in my interview reprt. My vice had made a difference. (事实证明，Layla得知，最初阅读她档案的招生官对她持保留态度，但后来决定因为我在面试报告中写的内容，再给她一次机会。我的意见起到了作用。)”可知，Layla查看录取档案是为了确认自己是否真的值得被录取，以及了解录取过程中的具体细节，尤其是作者在面试报告中所起的作用。故选C项。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Seeing her put her wrries t rest helped me d the same with my wn. Maybe smetimes we all need t hear that we matter. (看到她放下顾虑，也帮助我放下了自己的顾虑。也许有时候我们都需要听到自己被重视的声音。)”可知，文章通过作者和Layla的经历，传达了“每个人的存在都有意义，有时候我们都需要听到自己被重视的声音”这一主题。A项“Each sul needs a witness. (每个灵魂都需要一个见证者。)”符合文章主旨，意思是每个人的存在和价值都需要被认可和见证。故选A项。
C
Arif Pujiant culdn’t sleep. When dawn brke, the area where he lives n the lw-lying Pari Island in Indnesia was damaged. Eventually, he decided t d smething abut it. He filed a lawsuit (诉讼) against cement manufacturer Hlcim. At first sight, this might seem unreasnable. After all, the cmpany has n peratins in Indnesia and is headquartered 12,000 kilmetres frm Pari, in Switzerland. Yet Pujiant’s case is n tp f a wave f lawsuits supprted by innvative climate attributin mdels.
Cmputer simulatins (模拟) have been the backbne f climate science since the 1960s. Scientists run them t predict hw the planet will warm as the amunt f greenhuse gases in ur atmsphere increases. But climate mdels can be put t anther use if they are run in a slightly different way. The idea is t simulate cunterfactual scenaris (情景) and cmpare them with hw things really turned ut. Hw wuld the wrld lk if we had left fssil fuels which we cnsumed in the grund, fr example? Climate scientists have spent decades using this technique t figure ut the cnsequences f carbn emissins, in a field that is bradly called attributin science.
Climate mdels can be extremely cmplex and ften require supercmputers t run. But tw advances have started t change that. One is the develpment f “reduced cmplexity” climate mdels. Instead f mdelling Earth’s precise physical, chemical and bilgical prcesses, these simpler mdels simulate them n average, which reduces prcessing pwer. The secnd advance bils dwn t innvatins in the way we accunt fr emissins and jin the links in the causal chain between emissins and harms. That includes, fr example, smarter ways f differentiating between histrical emissins. A gigatnne f carbn emitted tday, when ceans are mre acidic, has different cnsequences t a gigatnne f carbn emitted in 1850.
In 2022, climate scientists Christpher Callahan at Indiana University and Justin Mankin at Dartmuth Cllege put these tw advances tgether t create an end-t-end climate attributin mdel, ne that stretches frm the individual packets f emissins, perhaps frm a single cmpany, all the way t the effects f climate change n a cmmunity. Mankin is aware that the research may be used in curt and pursuing climate actin thrugh climate lawsuits may be necessary.
A prper test f hw attributin science hlds up in curt in these “plluter-pays” cases hasn’t yet taken place, then. But such a test may nt be t far ff, says Nah Walker-Crawfrd, a legal advisr, especially given hw many fresh cases are starting t cme befre judges. If a precedent is set by even a single successful plluter-pays case, it culd pen the fldgates t a huge number f similar claims. In each case, the individual damages demanded may be relatively small, but it culd, nnetheless, be significant.
28. What can be inferred abut the climate attributin mdel?
A. It can simulate a wrld withut carbn emissins.
B. It predicts the timeline f future extreme weather.
C. It is mre accurate in mdelling climate prcesses.
D. It has shifted its aim t backing climate legal cases.
29. Regarding the future f “plluter-pays” cases, the authr is _______
A. wrriedB. ptimisticC. dubtfulD. disapprving
30. What des the authr mainly d in this passage?
A. Anticipate a nvel trend in curt.
B. Illustrate hw climate mdels wrk.
C. Intrduce the histry f climate mdels.
D. Shw a mdel expected t frce climate actin.
【答案】28. A 29. B 30. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了气候归因模型的发展及其在法律诉讼中的应用潜力，通过具体案例和专家观点展示了该模型如何为气候行动提供科学依据，并预示了未来“污染者付费”案件可能带来的法律和社会影响。
28题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“The idea is t simulate cunterfactual scenaris (情景) and cmpare them with hw things really turned ut. Hw wuld the wrld lk if we had left fssil fuels which we cnsumed in the grund, fr example? Climate scientists have spent decades using this technique t figure ut the cnsequences f carbn emissins, in a field that is bradly called attributin science. (这个想法是模拟反事实情景，并将它们与实际情况进行比较。例如，如果我们把消耗的化石燃料留在地下，世界会是什么样子？气候科学家几十年来一直使用这种技术来弄清楚碳排放的后果，这个领域被广泛称为归因科学。)”可知，气候归因模型通过模拟没有碳排放的世界，并将其与实际情况进行对比，来弄清楚碳排放的后果。因此，可以推断出该模型能够模拟一个没有碳排放的世界。故选A项。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“But such a test may nt be t far ff, says Nah Walker-Crawfrd, a legal advisr, especially given hw many fresh cases are starting t cme befre judges. If a precedent is set by even a single successful plluter-pays case, it culd pen the fldgates t a huge number f similar claims. In each case, the individual damages demanded may be relatively small, but it culd, nnetheless, be significant. (但法律顾问诺亚·沃克-克劳福德表示，这样的测试可能不会太远，尤其是考虑到有多少新案件开始摆在法官面前。即使只有一个成功的“污染者付费”案例成为先例，也可能为大量类似索赔打开闸门。在每一种情况下，要求的个人损害赔偿可能相对较小，但尽管如此，它仍然可能是重大的。)”可知，作者认为随着新案件的不断涌现，即使只有一个成功的“污染者付费”案例成为先例，也可能引发大量类似的索赔，这表明作者对“污染者付费”案件的未来持乐观态度。故选B项。
【30题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“Yet Pujiant’s case is n tp f a wave f lawsuits supprted by innvative climate attributin mdels. (然而，普吉安托的案件是一波由创新气候归因模型支持的法律诉讼之一。)”以及后文对气候归因模型的介绍和其在法律诉讼中的应用潜力可知，文章主要介绍了一个有望推动气候行动的模型，即气候归因模型，以及该模型如何为气候法律诉讼提供科学依据。故选D项。
D
Whether artists r scientists, investigatrs strike ut frm what is knwn t brave the unknwn in acts f creative discvery. Think f artists and scientists as users f three mdes f discvery: knwing, seeing, and telling. We are all seeking knwledge — epistemlgists wh questin what we think we knw, hw we cme t knw it, and whether we can prve what we think we knw. Meanwhile, we are all seers — aestheticists wh cnfrnt what we perceive in natural and created appearances. Finally, we are all tellers and listeners — narrativists wh tell abut what we have fund and listen t the findings f thers.
The epistemlgist’s attentin t knwing resnated (引起共鸣) in physicist Andrea Califan’s precisin-medicine discveries in cancer bilgy. His philspher-physicist mind is the creative grund t discver new treatments fr cancer. “A lt f ideas end up being very, very simple-minded in hindsight. But it’s very difficult t fresee whether simple-minded ideas will wrk in the end. There’s nthing magical abut what we d. It’s just that nbdy had kind f thught f cancer in this way,” said Califan.
The aestheticists want t face the material wrld with all the capacities f the human t see and imagine. Tissue engineer Grdana Vunjak-Nvakvic expsed the creative pwers f aesthetics in the practice f a scientist. It was the nvel Alexandria Quartet that gave her the idea f her wrk as “sliding planes”: “Each f the sliding planes is a bdy f knwledge. Then they travel past each ther, and smehw cnnect with each ther. There were three sliding planes that are three different characters’ perspectives. And then the furth plane was the time. That is hw the bk was cnstructed, I believe, and this is hw we d science.”
Knwing and seeing require cnnectins between the internal wrld f the seer r knwer, the external wrld f the seeable and knwable, and the wrld f witnesses wh receive what becmes seen r knwn. These cnnectins, what I call “telling”, are achieved thrugh narrative acts like speech. It creates a netwrk, bridging frm persn t persn. Nabila El-Bassel, an internatinal leader in studying the mst hard-t-deal-with glbal health prblems, cnfirmed the necessity f listening t all “telling” vices. El-Bassel and her teams are listeners f their subjects’ lived experiences, making sure that suffering individuals are heard and valued.
Recgnising the fundamental rles f epistemlgy, aesthetics, and narrative studies in medical research avids cstly ppsitins between arts and sciences. With all three discvery mdes engaged, scientists gradually recgnise why suffering matters, hw delicate the balance between sickness and health is, and hw urgent medicine’s missin is. Health care’s respnse t disease culd then embrace the pursuit t cmprehend phenmena deep within the cell and t face up t scial issues vast acrss the Earth.
31. What des the wrd “hindsight” underlined in Paragraph 2 mst prbably mean?
A. Innvative mindset.B. Blind-minded thinking.
C. Lng-term perspective.D. Reflective understanding.
32. What can we learn frm this passage?
A. The authr has a preference fr narrative studies.
B. El-Bassel fcuses n seeable external phenmena.
C. Grdana values tackling prblems frm diverse angles.
D. Califan’s breakthrugh sets grund fr cancer bilgy.
33. What can be inferred frm the last paragraph?
A. Integratin f art and science is hard t achieve.
B. Three discvery mdes can balance sickness and health.
C. Meeting scial needs is as vital as ding bilgical studies.
D. Medical research helps realise the rle f three discvery mdes.
34. Which wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A. The Art f Science: Knwing, Seeing, and Telling
B. Three Mdes f Discvery: Can Artists Be Scientists?
C. A Cstly Cnflict: The Battle Between Art and Science
D. The Medicine’s Missin: Are Scientists Brave t Cmplete?
【答案】31. D 32. C 33. C 34. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了艺术家和科学家在探索未知时所共用的三种发现模式：认知、观察和叙述。通过具体实例，展示了这些模式在医学研究等领域的应用，并强调了艺术与科学融合的重要性。
【31题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第二段“A lt f ideas end up being very, very simple-minded in hindsight. But it’s very difficult t fresee whether simple-minded ideas will wrk in the end. ( ，很多想法最终都非常非常简单。但很难预见到这些简单的想法最终是否会奏效。)”可知，很多想法在事后看来很简单，但在当时很难预见其是否有效。由此可知，hindsight表示“事后看来，反思性的理解”，与D项“Reflective understanding（反思性的理解）”意思一致。故选D项。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“The aestheticists want t face the material wrld with all the capacities f the human t see and imagine. Tissue engineer Grdana Vunjak-Nvakvic expsed the creative pwers f aesthetics in the practice f a scientist. It was the nvel Alexandria Quartet that gave her the idea f her wrk as “sliding planes”: “Each f the sliding planes is a bdy f knwledge. Then they travel past each ther, and smehw cnnect with each ther. There were three sliding planes that are three different characters’ perspectives. And then the furth plane was the time. That is hw the bk was cnstructed, I believe, and this is hw we d science.”(审美主义者希望以人类所有的观察和想象能力来面对物质世界。组织工程师Grdana Vunjak-Nvakvic在科学实践中展示了美学的创造力。正是小说《亚历山大四重奏》让她有了“滑动平面”的工作理念：“每个滑动平面都是一个知识体系。然后它们相互经过，并以某种方式相互连接。有三个滑动平面，是三个不同角色的视角。然后第四个平面是时间。我相信，这本书就是这样构建的，我们做科学也是这样构建的。)”可知，Grdana从小说中获得了灵感，将不同视角和知识体系结合起来进行科学研究，这表明她重视从不同角度解决问题。故选C项。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Recgnising the fundamental rles f epistemlgy, aesthetics, and narrative studies in medical research avids cstly ppsitins between arts and sciences. With all three discvery mdes engaged, scientists gradually recgnise why suffering matters, hw delicate the balance between sickness and health is, and hw urgent medicine’s missin is. Health care’s respnse t disease culd then embrace the pursuit t cmprehend phenmena deep within the cell and t face up t scial issues vast acrss the Earth. (认识到认识论、美学和叙事研究在医学研究中的基本作用，可以避免艺术与科学之间代价高昂的对立。通过这三种发现模式的参与，科学家们逐渐认识到为什么痛苦很重要，疾病与健康之间的平衡是多么微妙，以及医学的使命是多么紧迫。医疗对疾病的反应可以包括追求理解细胞深处的现象，以及面对全球范围内的社会问题。)”可知，医疗对疾病的反应可以包括追求理解细胞深处的现象，以及面对全球范围内的社会问题，由此可知，满足社会需求和进行生物学研究同样重要。故选C项。
【34题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“Whether artists r scientists, investigatrs strike ut frm what is knwn t brave the unknwn in acts f creative discvery. Think f artists and scientists as users f three mdes f discvery: knwing, seeing, and telling. (无论是艺术家还是科学家，调查者都从已知的事物中勇敢地面对未知的事物，进行创造性的发现。把艺术家和科学家看作是三种发现模式的使用者：认知、观察和叙述。)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了艺术家和科学家在探索未知时所共用的三种发现模式：认知、观察和叙述，并通过具体实例展示了这些模式在医学研究等领域的应用。A项“The Art f Science: Knwing, Seeing, and Telling（科学的艺术：认知、观察和叙述）”符合文章主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选A项。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Tlerance is ften praised as a virtue. ____35____ It’s like hlding yur breath thrugh an unwanted cnversatin with smene yu’d rather nt talk t. Still yu d anyway because yu’re trying t be “tlerant.”
Tlerance, at its cre, is abut bearing smething such as a nise r discmfrt. Smething yu’d prefer t be rid f but can’t, s yu learn t live with it. That’s nt exactly a warm fundatin fr human cnnectin. Yu can “tlerate” smene while still secretly disliking everything abut them. Yu can g years thinking yu’re being a gd persn because yu’ve managed nt t explde, nt t get angry, nt t say the quiet part ut lud. ____36____
T bridge the distance implied in tlerance, researchers suggest a shift t curisity — the willingness t be changed by what we learn abut thers. ____37____ Ask peple what they care abut. What they fear. What keeps them up at night. Please dn’t ask because it’s the “right” thing t d. Ask because yu might find yurself in their answer.
Furthermre, researchers advcate civility fr a mre cnnected sciety. Different frm tlerance as mere endurance, civility is a scial value based n mutual respect. It invlves active mral engagement, a willingness t treat thers with dignity even in disagreement. ____38____ In that sense, civility becmes the cnnective tissue that hlds cmmunities tgether when tlerance alne wuld let them drift apart.
We cannt survive as a functining sciety if we escape int a plite mask. A culture that avids discmfrt is a culture that stps grwing. ____39____ S ask the questin that feels t persnal. Stay in the rm when it gets uncmfrtable. Because withut this incnvenient curisity, we wuld lse cntrl ver what it means t be human.
A. But inside, yu keep peple at arm’s length.
B. It’s abut pening the self t smene else’s wrld.
C. Yet, it feels mre like a frced smile than a handshake.
D. If we can’t risk a little awkwardness, we end up strangers.
E. Listening with curisity desn’t mean yu have t like everyne.
F. It maintains shared life despite difference, nt aviding discmfrt.
G. Hwever, we need mre human mments, the kind yu have t wrk at.
【答案】35. C 36. A 37. B 38. F 39. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章围绕“包容”展开论述，指出包容多是被动忍耐，继而倡导用好奇心与礼貌友善构建人与人之间真正的联结。
【35题详解】
上文“Tlerance is ften praised as a virtue. (包容常常被称赞为一种美德。)”说明包容被视为一种美德，下文“It’s like hlding yur breath thrugh an unwanted cnversatin with smene yu’d rather nt talk t. Still, yu d anyway because yu’re trying t be “tlerant”. (这就像是在与一个你不想与之交谈的人进行一场不愉快的对话时屏住呼吸。不过，你还是这么做了，因为你试图表现得“包容”。)”说明包容更像是一种被迫的行为，C项“然而，它更像是一个强颜欢笑而不是握手。”与上文构成转折，指出包容虽然被称赞，但往往是一种勉强的表面行为，引出下文对包容本质的进一步描述，符合语境。故选C。
【36题详解】
上文“Smething yu’d prefer t be rid f but can’t, s yu learn t live with it. That’s nt exactly a warm fundatin fr human cnnectin. Yu can g years thinking yu’re being a gd persn because yu’ve managed nt t explde, nt t get angry, nt t say the quiet part ut lud. (一些你想摆脱却无法摆脱的东西，所以你学会了忍受它。这并不是建立人际关系的基础。你可能会多年都觉得自己是个好人，因为自己一直努力克制着，没有爆发，没有生气，也没有把内心深处的想法大声说出来。)”说明人们的宽容只是表面上的忍耐，并因此而自认为是个好人，A项“但在内心深处，你与人保持距离。”承接上文，指出尽管表面上忍耐，但内心可能并不真正接受或喜欢对方，形成转折关系，与上文“nt exactly a warm fundatin fr human cnnectin”相呼应。故选A。
【37题详解】
上文“T bridge the distance implied in tlerance, researchers suggest a shift t curisity — the willingness t be changed by what we learn abut thers. (为了弥补包容所隐含的距离，研究人员建议转向好奇——愿意通过了解他人来改变自己。)”说明为了弥补包容的不足，研究者建议转向好奇，B项“它是关于向另一个人的世界敞开心扉。”承接上文，进一步解释好奇的含义，即愿意了解并接受他人的世界，引出后文主动了解他人的具体做法。符合语境。故选B。
38题详解】
上文“Furthermre, researchers advcate civility fr a mre cnnected sciety. Different frm tlerance as mere endurance, civility is a scial value based n mutual respect. It invlves active mral engagement, a willingness t treat thers with dignity even in disagreement. (此外，研究人员提倡礼貌以建立一个更有联系的社会。与仅仅是忍耐的包容不同，礼貌是一种基于相互尊重的社会价值观。它涉及积极的道德参与，即使在分歧中也愿意以尊严对待他人。)”说明礼貌与包容不同，它基于相互尊重，涉及积极的道德参与，F项“它尽管存在分歧，但仍能维持共同生活，而不是避免不适。”承接上文，进一步解释礼貌的含义，即尽管存在分歧，但仍能保持共同生活，符合语境。故选F。
【39题详解】
上文“We cannt survive as a functining sciety if we escape int a plite mask. A culture that avids discmfrt is a culture that stps grwing. (如果我们逃避到礼貌的面具下，我们就无法作为一个正常运转的社会生存下去。一个避免不适的文化是一个停止成长的文化。)”说明逃避不适和伪装礼貌会阻碍社会的成长，D项“如果我们不能冒一点尴尬的风险，我们最终会成为陌生人。”承接上文，阐述回避不适的后果，指出如果不能面对尴尬和不适，人与人之间的关系将会变得疏远，引出引出后文的具体做法建议，符合语境。故选D。
第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分）
第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Every Mther’s Day, I am reminded hw imprtant fd is in my relatinship with Mm. Every dish is a surce f memries. A bwl f sup, a cup f tea, a simple fried fish — each becmes a precius mment between us.
Lng befre we speak, we are fed. Thrugh fd, we receive ur first experiences f safety, care, and attentin. A warm bwl f rice. A delicius chicken sup simmering (炖) in a kitchen filled with laughter. These are mre than meals. They are messages: Yu are lved. Yu belng. I ften think abut the quiet care my mther puts int everything she cks. There is n recipe that can express that feeling, n machine that can replicate (复制) her hands, her style, and her reasns. Each dish hlds the pwer t create memries r t call them back.
Tday, as the wrld rushes tward autmatin and ptimizatin (最优化), I increasingly find myself lking t fd fr mments f calm. At the same time, I wrry what will happen t the human heart f fd when machines prepare, deliver, and even plan ur meals fr us.
Let’s be clear: Technlgy can help us in many ways. It can make cking safer, mre accessible, and less wasteful. But we must draw a line between assistance and replacement. Because nce fd is reduced t pure functinal value, we will lse what it means t feed — and t be fed — as human beings. We dn’t need smarter kitchens. We need lnger tables, spaces where peple f different backgrunds, generatins, and experiences can gather and break bread tgether.
The future will always ffer faster, mre efficient ways f eating. But it will always be the human tuch in the act f cking that gives fd its deepest meaning.
40. Why is fd imprtant in the authr’s relatinship with Mm?
____________________________________________________________________________________________
41. What will happen nce fd is reduced t pure functinal value?
____________________________________________________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
▶ In the act f cking, it will always be technlgy that gives fd its deepest meaning.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
43. Besides what is mentined in the passage, what rle(s) des fd play in yur daily life? Why? (In abut 40 wrds)
____________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】40. Because every dish frm their mther carries precius memries and shws deep lve, care and warmth between them.
41. We will lse the true meaning f feeding and being fed as human beings.
42. In the act f cking, it will always be technlgy that gives fd its deepest meaning. Because the passage states that the human tuch in cking gives fd its deepest meaning instead f technlgy.
43. Fd helps me cnnect with friends when we share meals tgether. It als cmfrts me when I feel upset, making me relaxed and warm in daily life.
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述食物承载着作者与母亲之间珍贵的回忆与爱意，对比当下科技智能化烹饪的趋势，点明科技只能辅助烹饪，真正赋予食物深层意义的是烹饪里饱含的人文温情。
【40题详解】
考查细节理解。根据文章第一段 “Every dish is a surce f memries. A bwl f sup, a cup f tea, a simple fried fish — each becmes a precius mment between us. (每道菜肴都是记忆的源泉。一碗汤、一杯茶、一道简单的炸鱼——每一样都成了我们之间珍贵的瞬间。)” 以及第二段 “Thrugh fd, we receive ur first experiences f safety, care, and attentin. A warm bwl f rice. A delicius chicken sup simmering (炖) in a kitchen filled with laughter. These are mre than meals. They are messages: Yu are lved. Yu belng. I ften think abut the quiet care my mther puts int everything she cks. There is n recipe that can express that feeling, n machine that can replicate (复制) her hands, her style, and her reasns. Each dish hlds the pwer t create memries r t call them back. (通过食物，我们首次获得安全感、关怀与关注。一碗温热的米饭。一碗香喷喷的鸡汤在充满欢声笑语的厨房里慢炖着。这些不仅仅是膳食。它们是信息：你被爱着。你属于这里。我常常想起母亲在烹饪每道菜时那份细致入微的用心。世上没有配方能诠释那种感受，也没有机器能复刻她的双手、她的风格和她的动机。每道菜肴都蕴藏着唤起回忆或重现往昔的美好力量。)” 可知，食物承载着作者和母亲的珍贵回忆，藏着母亲默默的关爱，故答案为Because every dish frm Mm carries precius memries and shws her deep care and lve between them.
【41题详解】
考查细节理解。根据文章第四段 “Because nce fd is reduced t pure functinal value, we will lse what it means t feed — and t be fed — as human beings. (因为一旦食物沦为纯粹的实用价值，我们就会失去人类投喂与被投喂背后的温情意义。)” 可知，故答案为We will lse the true meaning f feeding and being fed as human beings.
【42题详解】
考查细节理解。 错误部分：it will always be technlgy。根据文章最后一段 “But it will always be the human tuch in the act f cking that gives fd its deepest meaning. (但永远是烹饪中的人文温情，赋予食物最深层的意义。)” 可知，赋予食物深层意义的是人的温情，而非科技，故答案为In the act f cking, it will always be technlgy that gives fd its deepest meaning. Because the passage states that the human tuch in cking gives fd its deepest meaning instead f technlgy.
【43题详解】
考查开放表达。所以言之有理即可，示例：Fd helps me cnnect with friends when we share meals tgether. It als cmfrts me when I feel upset, making me relaxed and warm in daily life. (食物能让我与朋友们在一起用餐时增进感情。当我心情低落时，它也能给我带来慰藉，让我在日常生活中感到放松和温暖。)故答案为Fd helps me cnnect with friends when we share meals tgether. It als cmfrts me when I feel upset, making me relaxed and warm in daily life.
第二节（20分）
44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的外国好友Jim即将参加主题为“Skills Needed fr a Sustainable Future”的联合国青年论坛(UN Yuth Frum)，为此发来邮件，就发言内容询问你的想法。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括：
1．你认为重要的技能；
2．说明理由。
注意：1．词数100左右；
2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
I’m glad t hear yu’re attending the UN Yuth Frum. Fr a sustainable future, I think tw skills stand ut.
First, the ability t innvate with green technlgies is crucial. As climate change wrsens, we need creative slutins like renewable energy advancements and waste-recycling systems t reduce envirnmental harm. Secnd, crss-cultural cmmunicatin skill matters a lt. Glbal sustainability issues knw n brders, and nly by wrking tgether with peple frm different backgrunds can we share ideas and implement effective actins wrldwide.
Hpe these ideas help yu. Gd luck with yur speech!
Yurs,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于建议信。要求考生以红星中学高三学生李华的身份，给即将参加主题为“Skills Needed fr a Sustainable Future”联合国青年论坛的外国好友Jim回复邮件，分享对未来可持续发展所需技能的看法并说明理由。
【详解】1.词汇积累
高兴的：glad → delighted
重要的，关键的：crucial → vital
实施，执行：implement → carry ut
全世界：wrldwide → glbally
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：First, the ability t innvate with green technlgies is crucial.
拓展句：First, the ability t innvate with green technlgies is crucial, as it drives sustainable develpment.
【点睛】[高分句型1] I’m glad t hear yu’re attending the UN Yuth Frum. (运用了省略连词that的宾语从句)
[高分句型2] As climate change wrsens, we need creative slutins like renewable energy advancements and waste-recycling systems t reduce envirnmental harm. (运用了as引导的时间状语从句)
Week 1
Grup presentatins n Sustainable Develpment Gals (SDGs).
Reprt health indicatrs fr a chsen cuntry.
Week 2
Hear frm guest speakers frm the Department f Public Health.
Becme disease detectives fr a mck (模拟的) utbreak n campus.
Week 3
Serve fd at a hmeless shelter.
Design and carry ut a mini health study.