高考英语二轮-巧解语法填空之词性转换(综合练)(重难专练)(全国通用)(学生版)
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这是一份高考英语二轮-巧解语法填空之词性转换(综合练)(重难专练)(全国通用)(学生版),共29页。试卷主要包含了高频黄金公式 等内容,欢迎下载使用。
考点一:考查动词变名词。
1. (2025全国高考I卷) “In a G game, each mve shuld serve a lng-term gal. Yu try t lead the ppnent int yur trap and frce them t fllw yur (guide) till they lse,” explains Wang Wei, a G player amng the visitrs t the exhibitin.
【答案】guidance
【解析】考查动词变名词。句意:你试图引导对手进入你的陷阱,迫使他们跟随你的“引导”直到他们输掉。此处作fllw的宾语,用名词guidance“引导”,不可数名词。故填guidance。
2. (2025高考浙江1月卷)Tanya’s shp ffers fashin clthes fr wmen (t rent) rather than purchase them utright, prviding a less expensive (slve) t ne-time event dressing.
【答案】slutin
【解析】考查动词变名词。句意:坦尼娅的店提供女性时尚服装供租赁,而不是让她们直接购买,为一次性活动着装提供了一个更便宜的解决方案。提示词作宾语,用名词slutin,意为“解决方案”,有冠词a修饰,用单数形式。故填slutin。
考点二:考查名词变形容词。
3. (2025全国高考I卷)Tu says that the balance between the black and white pieces, the beauty in the ___________ (strategy) placement f the pieces, (and) the energy flw fllwing each mve inspired artists t create il paintings, sculptures, (digitally) generated pictures and silk-screen prints fr the exhibitin.
【答案】strategic
【解析】考查形容词。句意:屠宁宁说,黑白棋子之间的平衡,棋子在策略布局上的美感,以及每一步棋所蕴含的能量流动,都激发了艺术家们为展览创作油画、雕塑、数字生成的图片和丝网版画。此处修饰名词placement,需用形容词strategic“战略性的,策略的”,作定语。故填strategic。
4. (2025全国高考II卷) Yet nw, I live in the cuntryside f Zhejiang, China with my Chinese husband and his family, (where) bamb and tea bushes (灌木) grw wild in the muntains, chickens are always free-range, and (center) heating desn’t exist.
【答案】central
【解析】考查名词变形容词。句意:然而现在,我和我的中国丈夫和他的家人住在中国浙江的农村,在那里山上野生竹子和茶树丛生,鸡总是自由放养的,而且没有集中供暖。本空修饰名词heating,应用形容词central“中央的,中心的”,作定语。故填central。
考点三:考查形容词的比较级、最高级。
5. (2025高考北京卷) When was the last time yu tk n a tugh chice? Maybe this mrning yu debated whether t get up r stay in bed slightly (lng).
【答案】lnger
【解析】考查副词比较级。句意:也许今天早上你还在纠结是起床还是多睡一会儿。此处表示“多睡一会儿”,应用比较级lnger,表示“更久”。故填lnger。
6. (2024全国高考甲卷) Yellwstne was the ______________ (large) United States natinal park — 2.2 millin acres — until Wrangell-Saint Elias in suthern Alaska, ___ (which) became a natinal mnument in 1978, tk the hnrs as a natinal park in 1980 with 12.3 millin acres.
【答案】largest
【解析】考查形容词最高级。句意:黄石公园是美国最大的国家公园,占地220万英亩,直到1978年成为国家纪念碑的阿拉斯加南部的弗兰格尔-圣伊莱亚斯在1980年以1230万英亩的面积作为国家公园获得这项荣誉。本空前有the,为形容词最高级标志词,结合下文“1978年成为国家纪念碑的阿拉斯加南部的弗兰格尔-圣伊莱亚斯在1980年以1230万英亩的面积获得国家公园的荣誉”可知,用large的最高级largest作定语,故填largest。
考点四:考查形容词变副词。
7. (2025全国高考I) Tu says that the balance between the black and white pieces, the beauty in the ___ (strategic) placement f the pieces, (and) the energy flw fllwing each mve inspired artists t create il paintings, sculptures, (digital) generated pictures and silk-screen prints fr the exhibitin.
【答案】digitally
【解析】考查形容词变副词。句意:屠宁宁说,黑白棋子之间的平衡,棋子在策略布局上的美感,以及每一步棋所蕴含的能量流动,都激发了艺术家们为展览创作油画、雕塑、数字生成的图片和丝网版画。此处修饰形容词generated,需用副词digitally“数字地”,作状语。故填digitally。
8. (2023全国高考II卷) S, what are they learning? (basic), hw t describe a panda’s life.
【答案】Basically
【解析】考查词性转换。句意:那么,他们在学什么?基本上,如何描述熊猫的生活。设空处应用副词来修饰整个句子,表示“基本上,他们学习的是如何描述熊猫的生活”。故填Basically。注意首字母大写。
考点五:考查形容词变名词。
9. (2025全国高考II卷) The sun-dried clthes smell especially pleasant where I live, thanks t the _____________ (absent) f smg and plenty f blue sky (afternns) with lts f fresh air.
【答案】absence
【答案】考查形容词变名词。句意:我住的地方,晒干的衣服闻起来特别香,这要归功于没有烟雾,而且下午的天很蓝天、空气新鲜。本空作thanks t的宾语,应用名词absence“缺乏,没有”,不可数名词。故填absence。
10. (2024全国高考I卷) The Glasshuse stands ___ (as) a great achievement in cntemprary design, t huse the plants f the suthwestern part f China at the end f a path retracing (追溯) the steps alng the Silk Rute ___ (which) brught the plants frm their native habitat in Asia t cme t define much f the ______________ (rich) f gardening in England.
【答案】richness
【解析】考查形容词变名词。句意:玻璃屋是当代设计的伟大成就,它位于一条追溯丝绸之路的路径的尽头,这些植物从它们的亚洲原生栖息地被带到这里,定义了英格兰园艺的丰富性。根据句子结构来看,空格前有 the 和 much f the,后面必须接名词。richness 在这里是一个抽象名词,表示“ (园艺的)丰富性”,不可数,符合前面的 much f the 的搭配。故填richness。
考点六:考查名词变复数或名词所有格。
11. (2024全国高考I卷) These plants included mdern Western ______________ (favurite) such as rsemary, lavender and fennel.
【答案】favrites
【解析】考查名词的数。句意:这些植物包括现代西方最受喜爱的迷迭香、薰衣草和茴香。favrite是可数名词,意为“特别受喜爱的东西”,根据空后such as rsemary, lavender and fennel可知,空处应用名词的复数形式。故填favrites。
12. (2025高考浙江1月卷) “I really want t make this wrk fr (peple) lives tday, and I knw that desn’t always mean ___ (returning) a dress n the Mnday after a special weekend,” she says
【答案】peple’s
【解析】考查名词所有格。句意:我真的想让这个(服装租赁服务)适合如今人们的生活,我知道这并不总是意味着在一个特别的周末后的周一归还礼服。提示词修饰名词lives,需用名词所有格peple’s,作定语。故填peple’s。
(建议用时:20分钟)
类型一:考查动词变名词。
1. Naadam (pwerfully) represents Mnglian heritage and spirit, drawing widespread _____________ (participate) and appreciatin.
2. The newly pened AdventHealth Cancer Institute (had seen) strng public interest by last mnth, with patient (attend) surpassing expectatins.
3. The Hngku District Sprts Festival, aiming t establish Shanghai’s Ruihng Tiandi as an integrated sprts and ________________ (cnsume) centre, kicked ff n July 5.
4. Dngyang wdcarving, represented by the cntemprary artist Lu Guangzheng, gains wrldwide ___________ (recgnize).
类型二:考查名词变形容词。
5. This change led t fd mre easily (access). An ncming ice age made the cean water cld and brught mre (nutrients), resulting in mre fd fr large whales.
6. T Su Shi, an ld tree was particularly (symbl), as it represented surviving difficult times but still (cntinuing) t stand tall and grw.
7. With a target (t restre) 2. 34 millin hectares f degraded land by 2030, this nging initiative will safeguard the envirnment and prmte (regin) sustainable develpment.
8. Qu Yingpu, the bk’s publisher and editr-in-chief f China Daily, ntes that the stries “ignite (点燃) gdwill” fr a (harmny) wrld, and “encurage peple t remember the past, and mre imprtantly, (t picture) a brighter future.”
类型三:考查形容词的比较级、最高级。
9. It’s the integratin f resurces — frm academic research institutins and cmmunity hspitals alike — ___ (that) empwers the netwrk t ffer access t ver 300 active clinical trials, bringing innvative treatments ______________ (clse) t underserved cmmunities.
10. Cmpared with schlars frm a century ag, mdern schlars are (lucky) t be supprted by new technlgies.
11. If yu are struggling t understand hw t interpret bdy language f clleagues in different cultural cntexts and hw t respnd, yu may find yurself (searching) fr a checklist f ds and dn’ts. But this isn’t necessarily the (great) apprach.
类型四:考查形容词变副词。
12. China has becme the wrld’s largest indr ski market, hme t ver half f wrld’s ttal ski ___ (enthusiastic) and six ut f the ten biggest nes (glbe).
13. Chinese and US users are (enthusiastic) sharing phts f their pets, particularly cats, as they make their first interactins n Xiahngshu
14. Except fr sme unclear characters, Tng recgnized that the (surviving) wrds indicated that the carving was a histrical recrding that was absent frm (previus) knwn dcumentatin.
“The success f the league demnstrates that (by) fcusing n lcal culture, enhancing public participatin and prviding high-quality cmpetitins, sccer at the cmmunity level can (true) succeed,” sccer cmmentatr Xu Yifan tld the Glbal Times.
类型五:考查形容词变名词。
16. In fact, even within any ne f these languages, it is impssible t guarantee (cnsistent).
17. This centuries-ld practice, deeply (rted) in Chinese culture, was nce a symbl f ______________ (elegant) fr wmen, especially in the sutheastern regins.
18. It plays a key rle in (preserving) the natin’s written heritage — a legacy that carries the ____________ (wise) f schlars and artists ver millennia. Fr centuries, restrers have wrked t repair ld, damaged bks, many f (which) are hundreds f years ld and at risk f being lst.
类型六:考查名词变复数或名词所有格。
19. Wang Yi, deputy directr f the Sichuan Prvincial Department f Culture and Turism, (nted) in an interview that they prved cultural exchanges between the ancient Shu kingdm and ther (regin), including Hng Kng.
20. Li Ziqi, ne f the mst ppular (influencers) in China, made a dramatic return t scial media after a three-year hiatus, capturing the (wrld) attentin frm hme and abrad.
(建议用时:20分钟)
类型一:动词变名词综合练。
1. (2024年高考浙江1月卷) Many supermarkets are n lnger ding “buy ne get ne free” prmtins because f the _______________ (criticize) that they lead t waste.
2. With AI’s (assist), pilts have made remarkable prgress in real-cmbat-riented training.
3. Hwever, making this (assume) withut deeper investigatin culd prve prblematic.
4. The prject’s impact n carbn emissins—a reductin f 2.2 millin metric tns every year—and its 130 (prvide) f clean energy t ver 1 millin husehlds will have mre lng-term benefits.
类型二:名词变形容词综合练。
5. (2025高考北京卷) Mst days after schl, I lve walking in the frest with my dg Nick. It’s ____ ____ (peace), especially arund sunset.
6. With a main span (measuring) 420 meters, it anchrs a new expressway that winds thrugh ne f China’s mst (muntain) prvinces, (where) gegraphy has lng made traveling a challenge.
7. Frm Nvember 27 t 30, the internatinal tur f this (rigin) musical will start at Shanghai’s AIA Grand Theater.
8. The directr’s invitatin highlights a dynamic phenmenn in the cuntry’s creative industries — using advanced technlgy t revive cultural heritage nt within the museums but thrugh engaging and ____________ (access) mediums, such as games and films.
类型三:形容词的比较级、最高级微练。
9. (2023高考浙江1月卷) Their siheyuan were far smaller in scale and ______________ (simple) in design and decratin, and the hutngs were narrwer.
10. The eye-catching architecture that marks the entrance t the statin lks as if a (threatening) giant has lifted up a tram car and thrwn it int the slid cncrete sidewalk. In reality, it has a much (practical) rigin.
11. (原创) Artificial intelligence is widely regarded as ne f _______________ (significant) technlgical breakthrughs shaping the 21st century.
类型四:形容词变副词综合练。
12. (2022全国高考I卷) The GPNP’s main gal is t imprve cnnectivity between separate (ppulatins) and hmes f giant pandas, and (eventual) achieve a desired level f ppulatin in the wild.
13. (initial), silk was the main item exprted alng the netwrk (because) its weight was light and its value was high.
14. He (ptimistic) expected mre and better TCM treatment services fr patients in the future.
类型五:形容词变名词综合练。
15. (2024全国高考II卷) Thse cultural elements have increased Stratfrd’s internatinal (visible), said Edmndsn, adding that visitrs walking thrugh the Birthplace Garden were ften amazed (t find) the cnnectin between the tw great writers.
16. The Silk Rad, cvering vast distances and an astnishing (vary) f landscapes, was a netwrk f ancient trade rutes frm East Asia t the Mediterranean.
17. It allwed wrkers t psitin steel trusses with centimeter-level (accurate).
18. Strangely enugh, it is quite a rare ccurrence fr the pttery figure t bear such a remarkable ____________ (similar) t the animated character Ultraman.
类型六:名词变复数或名词所有格微练。
19. Ethnic grups like the Zhuang integrate traditinal patterns that ften describe traditinal stries r natural elements, cnveying (wish) fr happiness and harmny.
(T create) the film’s unique Chinese animatin style, Yu Shui, directr f the film, and his team cnducted field research frm nrthern t suthern Shanxi, bringing the beauty f the (prvince) ancient architecture nt the silver screen.
(建议用时:15分钟)
一、阅读理解
Sme memries, such as what yu had fr dinner last night, are easier t recall than thers. Hwever, even frgtten memries culd be guiding yur actins.
Memry can be defined by what peple reprt, r physically as a circuit f cells and cnnectins in the brain, knwn as an engram. It has been thught by many researchers that when yu frget smething, the engram disappears. Hwever, research in mice suggests frgtten memries can persist; they just can’t be cnsciusly recalled.
T see if frgtten memries are detectable in human brains, Tm Willems and his team at the University f Bern gt 40 peple t quickly lk at 96 pairs f images, made up f a human face and an bject, such as a guitar r a stapler. The researchers then used functinal magnetic resnance imaging (磁共振成像) t bserve the participants’ brain activity during tests carried ut arund 30 minutes later and 24 hurs later. The tests asked whether they had seen tw images paired up befre. The participants als stated whether they recalled that tw images went tgether, were unsure, r were guessing.
Thse wh said they culd remember chse the crrect pairing 87 per cent f the time during bth tests. Thse wh said they had frgtten gt abut half right. The participants wh were unsure guessed crrectly 57 per cent f the time after 30 minutes and 54 per cent after 24 hurs. These results were slightly higher than wuld be expected by chance, which suggests this grup may actually have remembered.
When the guessers chse the right answer, the same activatin patterns were seen in the right hippcampal (海马的) regin f the brain as in thse wh remembered, which implies the engrams f frgtten memries remained and were influencing their chices. In the tests dne 24 hurs later, the engrams f memries that peple crrectly guessed stayed within the hippcampus, while thse they culd remember were distributed thrughut the necrtex (大脑新皮层).
The wrk shws there can be a discnnectin between the memry we cnsciusly access and the related engram in the brain. As researcher Amy Miltn explains, “Sme memries dn’t necessarily need t be cnsciusly retrieved (提取) in rder fr thse memries t influence behaviur.”
1. What des the underlined wrd “engram” in paragraph 2 prbably mean ?
A. A tl used t measure memry.B. The prcess f frming memry.
C. The feeling f remembering smething.D. A netwrk f brain cells string memry.
2. What is paragraph 3 mainly abut?
A. Participants and materials.B. Functins f brain scans.
C. Research methds and prcedures.D. Causes f frgtten memries.
3. Why did researchers study thse wh were unsure?
A. T identify inattentive participants.B. T cmpare brain activity patterns.
C. T see if guessing reveals hidden memries.D. T prve that all memries can be recalled.
4. What is the key finding f the study in the passage?
A. Frgtten memries influence behavir uncnsciusly.
B. All memry traces are stred in the same part f brain.
C. Frgtten memries can be fully recvered with effrt.
D. Cnscius recall is necessary fr memries t affect chices.
二、语法填空:
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
(原创) Navigating Tday’s Glbal Landscape
The mdern wrld is shaped by three key trends that are happening at the same time: changes in glbal pwer, the urgent need 1 (address) climate change, and rapid technlgical prgress.
First, glbal pwer is changing. Instead f ne leading natin, several pwerful cuntries are nw cmpeting. This 2 (cmpete) affects trade, technlgy rules, and internatinal friendships. 3 this can create divisins, it als frces cuntries t find new ways t talk and wrk tgether n cmmn prblems.
At the same time, climate change is a serius threat that affects everyne. Its clear effects—like 4 (extreme) weather and envirnmental damage—require all cuntries t quickly mve tward greener ecnmies. 5 (interesting), this shared crisis is als the strngest reasn fr wrldwide cperatin 6 clean energy and envirnmental prtectin.
Behind these changes 7 (be) fast-mving technlgy. Advances in artificial intelligence and bilgy can help slve big prblems but als risk 8 (create) mre inequality and ethical issues. The cmpetitin t lead in technlgy has becme a majr part f glbal rivalry.
In shrt, ur wrld tday faces tw main frces: cuntries pulling apart due t cmpetitin, and cuntries needing t unite t slve big glbal challenges. The mst imprtant questin is whether natins can balance their differences with the cperatin 9 (need) t prtect ur shared future. Finding this balance requires practical diplmacy and a fcus n 10 we all need.
考点
五年考情 (2021-2025)
命题趋势
考点1考查动词变名词
(5年12考)
2025全国高考I卷—guidance;
2025高考浙江1月卷—slutin;
2024全国高考甲卷—cmpletin;
2024高考浙江1月卷—criticism;
2023全国高考II卷—arrival;
2023全国高考甲卷—warning;
2022高考浙江1月卷—invitatin;
2022高考浙江6月卷—phtgrapher;
2022全国高考甲卷—prtectin;
2021全国高考II卷—representative;
2021全国高考乙卷—develpment;
2021高考浙江6月卷—marriage;
1.语境依赖度加深——从“形式填空”到“语义填空”:单纯根据前后语法信号就能直接判断词性的“送分题”减少。必须理解句意甚至段落逻辑,才能选出正确的词性和词形。
2.综合考查频率增高—— “一词多性”与“派生网络”成关键:一道题可能同时涉及词性转换、词义辨析和固定搭配,要求考生掌握核心词汇的完整派生族及其精确用法。
3.高阶语法结构融合——“隐性提示”替代“显性提示”:空格所在的句子结构更复杂,提示信号更隐蔽。常与非谓语动词、从句、复合结构等结合考查。
4.中华文化与社会热词渗入—词汇的“时代性”与“中国味”:题干语境更可能涉及中国文化、科技发展、社会议题 (如环保、创新、心理健康)。所考的词汇转换可能围绕这些主题的相关词汇展开。
考点2考查名词变形容词
(5年14考)
2025全国高考I卷—strategic;
2025全国高考II卷—central;
2025高考北京卷—peaceful;
2024全国高考I卷—functinal;
2023全国高考I卷—tasty;
2023全国高考II卷—cnfident;
2023全国乙卷—remarkable;
2023高考浙江1月卷—spacius;
2022全国高考甲卷—meaningful;
2022高考浙江6月卷—sighted;
2021全国高考I卷—aching;
2021全国高考II卷—harmful;
2021全国高考甲卷—daily;
2021全国高考乙卷—financial;
考点3考查形容词的比较级、最高级
(5年9考)
2025高考北京卷——lnger;
2024全国高考甲卷—largest;
2023高考浙江1月卷—simpler;
2022全国高考甲卷—highest;
2022全国高考乙卷—largest;
2021全国高考I卷—htter;
2021全国高考甲卷—better;
2021高考浙江1月卷—lwer;
2021高考浙江6月卷—smaller;
考点4考查形容词变副词
(5年10考)
2025全国高考I卷—digitally;
2023全国高考I卷—rarely;
2023全国高考II卷—Basically;
2023高考浙江1月卷—riginally;
2023高考北京卷—exactly;
2022全国高考I卷—eventually;
2022全国高考II卷—accidentally;
2021全国高考I卷—undubtedly;
2022高考浙江1月卷—rughly;
2021高考浙江1月卷—sharply;
考点5考查形容词变名词
(5年7考)
2025全国高考II卷—absence;
2024全国高考I卷—richness;
2024全国高考II卷—visibility;
2024高考北京卷—self-awareness;
2023全国高考甲卷—Different;
2022全国高考乙卷—respnsibility;
2022高考浙江6月卷—independence;
考点6 名词变复数或名词所有格
(5年16考)
2025全国高考II卷—afternns;
2025高考浙江1月卷—times;
2025高考浙江1月卷—peple’s;
2024全国高考I卷—favrites;
2024全国高考II卷—themes;
2024全国高考甲卷—treasures;
2024高考北京卷—bundaries;
2023全国高考II卷—interviews;
2023高考北京卷—cities;
2023高考浙江1月卷—events;
2022全国高考I卷—ppulatins;
2022全国高考II卷—sn’s;
2021全国高考I卷—humans;
2021全国高考甲卷—watchtwers;
2021全国高考乙卷—Activities;
2021高考浙江1月卷—persn’s;
动词变名词的四大路径
动词变名词主要有四大路径,其选择取决于语境和搭配。
一、加后缀法 (最常考,占80%以上):是规则变化的主体,必须根据动词结尾和含义选择正确后缀。
1. -tin / -atin / -sin / -in 表“行为、状态、结果” 。如:infrm→infrmatin;decide→decisin;discuss→discussin;cmpete→cmpetitin。注意拼写变化:explain→explanatin;permit→permissin;intend→intentin。
2. -ment 表“行为、过程、结果、手段”。如:develp→develpment ;agree→agreement;achieve→ achievement。注意:argue→argument。
3. -ing (动名词) 表“活动、过程”或“具体事物”。如:swim→swimming (活动);paint→painting (一幅画);build→building (建筑物),当强调具体活动或产物时使用,是活的名词。
4. -ance / -ence 表“性质、状态”。如:appear→appearance;differ→difference;exist→existence。无绝对规律,需结合记忆。常与形容词后缀-ant/-ent对应。
5. -al 表“行为”。如:arrive→arrival;apprve→apprval;refuse→refusal。常接在以-ve结尾的动词后。
6. -ure 表“行为、结果”。如:fail→failure;press→pressure;depart→departure,需单独记忆。
二、内部变化法 (不规则,需强记):通过改变元音、辅音或词尾来构成名词。
1. 元音变化,如sing→sng, chse→chice;
2. 辅音变化,如believe→belief, defend→defence/defense;
3. 词尾变化,如lse→lss, die→death;
4. 完全变化,如succeed→success, weigh→weight。
三、零变化法 (名动同形):动词原形可直接作为名词使用,必须通过句子成分判断其词性。常见词:change, cntrl, design, experience, hpe, prmise, study, answer, visit, dream等。
四、重音转换法 (在语法填空题中不直接考拼写,但影响判断):动词和名词的拼写相同,但重音位置不同。如:recrd [rɪˈkɔ:d] (v. 记录)→recrd [ˈrekɔ:d] (n. 记录)。
动词变名词实战解题三步法
第一步:定需求 (为什么需要名词?):识别以下强烈信号,它们表明空格处99%需要名词。
1. 冠词 (a/an/the) + ______
2. 形容词性物主代词/所有格 (my, his, China’s) + ______
3. 介词 (f, in, fr, with...) + ______
4. 及物动词 + ______ (作宾语)
5. 作句子的主语或表语
第二步:选形式 (变哪种名词?):根据语境和搭配,在四大方法中选择。
1. 优先考虑规则后缀 (-tin, -ment, -ing等)。
2. 如果常见后缀不合适,思考是否属于不规则变化 (如 success, lss)。
3. 如果以上都不对,考虑是否名动同形。
4. (极少)语境可能要求另一个相关的名词,而不是该动词的直接派生词。
第三步:验答案 (语义和拼写是否正确?)
1. 代入检查:将所变名词代入句子,看语义是否通顺。
2. 拼写检查:尤其是-tin, -sin, -ance等易错后缀。
【高频易错点与辨析】
1. -ing vs. -tin:这是深度考点。如building (建筑物)是具体产物;cnstructin (建设)是抽象过程。
2. 不同后缀,不同含义。如receptin (接待;接收) vs. receipt (收据);cmpetitin (竞赛) vs. cmpetitr (竞争者) vs. cmpetence (能力)
3. 完全不同的名词形式 (思维陷阱)。behave→behavir (行为);knw→knwledge (知识);please→pleasure (快乐)。
【黄金备考清单】 (必须掌握)
请熟记以下高频转换,它们常在高考中出现:
decide→decisin (去-de加-sin), describe→descriptin (去-be加-ptin), explain→explanatin (去-i加-atin), invite→invitatin, prnunce→prnunciatin (动词与名词发音不同), prduce→prductin (过程) / prduct (产品), slve→slutin (去-ve加-utin), survive→survival, prve→prf, weigh→weight (不规则)。
总结:动词变名词,“结构定词性,语境定词形”。
名词变形容词的核心逻辑
名词变形容词主要有以下四大途径,其选择取决于原名词的含义和语境。
一、加后缀法 (最主流、最常考):这是规则变化的主体,必须根据名词的含义选择正确后缀。
1. -ful “充满……的”、“有……性质的” ,表肯定。如:beauty → beautiful;care → careful;use → useful。
2. -less “没有……的”、“无……的” ,表否定。如:hpe → hpeless;hme → hmeless;care → careless,常与-ful构成反义对:careful ↔ careless;useful ↔ useless。
3. -us “具有……性质的”、“像……的”。如:danger → dangerus;fame → famus;curage → curageus。拼写变化:mystery → mysterius (y变i);space → spacius (去e)。
4. -y “充满……的”、“有……特征的”,多用于描述天气、质地等。如:sun → sunny;rain → rainy;health → healthy;nise → nisy。常需双写或去e:fg → fggy (双写g);ice → icy (去e加y)。
5. -al / -ial “与……有关的”、“具有……特性的”。如:nature → natural;culture → cultural;industry → industrial。高频易错:envirnment → envirnmental;centre → central (去tre);plitics → plitical。
6. -ic / -ical “属于……的”、“与……有关的”。如:histry → histric / histrical;ecnmy → ecnmic / ecnmical。辨析是难查histric (有历史意义的) vs histrical (与历史有关的);ecnmic (经济上的) vs ecnmical (节约的)。
7. -able / -ible “可……的”、“能……的”。如:cmfrt → cmfrtable;sense → sensible;access → accessible,常加在动词后,但名词也可变:fashin → fashinable。
8. -ish “有点……的”、“……似的”,常含轻微贬义或表特征。如:child → childish;fl → flish;self → selfish。区分:childlike (孩子般天真的,褒义);childish (幼稚的,常贬义)。
9. -en “由……制成的”、“像……的”。如:wd → wden;gld → glden;wl → wllen。注意:glden 常指“金色的、珍贵的”,而gld作定语表材料,如a gld ring。
10. -ly “具有……品质的”、“每隔……的”。friend → friendly;week → weekly;lve → lvely。注意:以-ly结尾的也可能是副词,但friendly, lvely等是形容词。
二、复合形容词法 (将名词与其他词组合)。
1. 名词+现在分词:peace-lving (热爱和平的)
2. 名词+过去分词:man-made (人造的)
3. 形容词/数词+名词单数:lng-distance (长途的), a five-star htel (五星级酒店) (注意名词用单数!)
4. 形容词+名词+ -ed:warm-hearted (热心的), middle-aged (中年的)
三、词形不变法 (转化法):名词直接作定语修饰另一名词,功能类似形容词。
常见词:paper (纸), cttn (棉), summer (夏天), adult (成人) 等。此时名词不用变复数,且与被修饰词关系紧密。
四、完全变体法 (需特别记忆):名词与形容词形式完全不同,无规律。
science (科学)→scientific (科学的);Britain (英国)→British (英国的);patience (耐心)→patient (有耐心的)。
名词变形容词实战解题三步法
第一步:定需求 (为什么需要形容词?),识别以下强烈信号:
1. ______ + 名词:空格后紧跟一个名词,需要形容词来修饰。
2. 系动词 + ______:位于 be, becme, seem, feel, lk 等系动词后作表语。
3. 使役动词 + 宾语 + ______:作宾语补足语。
第二步:选形式 (变哪种形容词?)
1. 优先考虑常见后缀 (-ful, -less, -us, -y, -al等),根据原名词含义选择。
2. 若常见后缀不合适:考虑复合形容词 (尤其当空格在名词前,且结构复杂时);考虑词形不变 (名词直接作定语,尤其表示材料、时间、用途时);思考是否属于完全变体 (需记忆)。
3. 注意:有时需加前缀构成反义 (如un-, im-, ir-)。
第三步:验答案 (语义和拼写是否正确?)
1. 代入检查:看语义是否通顺、逻辑是否合理。
2. 拼写检查:尤其注意双写、去e、y变i等变化。
【高频易错点与黄金辨析】
1. -y后缀的拼写。health → healthy;以-th结尾的直接加y。
2. -al后缀的增删。nature → natural (去e);culture → cultural (直接加)。无绝对规律,需强化记忆。
3. -ic vs -ical。histry → histric (历史性的) vs histry → histrical (历史上的)。辨析含义,高考常考。
4. 名词作定语vs形容词。a gld watch (金表) vs a glden pprtunity (绝佳机会)。材料用名词,比喻用形容词。
5. -ed vs -ing (由动词派生的名词)。interest → interested (感到有趣的) vs interest → interesting (令人有趣的), 修饰人用-ed,修饰物用-ing。
【高考黄金备考清单】
必须熟练掌握以下高频转换:
去e加-al,nature → natural;culture → cultural;
直接加-al,envirnment → envirnmental;persn → persnal;
变y为i,再加-al,industry → industrial;
直接加-us,danger→dangerus;
变y为i,再加-us,mystery → mysterius;
直接加y,health → healthy;
去e加y,nise → nisy;
辨析:ecnmy → ecnmic (经济的) / ecnmical (节约的);
完全变体:science → scientific;patience → patient;cnfidence → cnfident。
总结:名词变形容词,“先看位置定需求,再依词义选后缀,复合不变是难点,特殊变形靠积累”。
高考英语形容词比较级和最高级构成方式
构成方式:规则与不规则
1. 规则变化 (牢记三点)
①一般加 -er, -est,如:tall → taller → tallest;shrt → shrter → shrtest (单音节和部分双音节词);
②以e结尾,加 -r, -st,如:large → larger → largest;brave → braver → bravest;
③辅音字母+ y结尾,变y为i,再加 -er, -est,如:happy → happier → happiest;early → earlier → earliest;
④重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母,双写该辅音字母,再加-er, -est,如:big → bigger → biggest; ht → htter → httest;thin → thinner → thinnest;fat → fatter → fattest (重读闭音节、单辅音”是关键)。
⑤多音节词 (三个或以上音节)及大多数双音节词,前加 mre, mst,如:beautiful → mre beautiful → mst beautiful;imprtant → mre imprtant → mst imprtant;careful → mre careful → mst careful (双音节词常考,需特别记忆,如下:)
双音节词变化规律 (高频考点):
通常加 mre/mst: careful → mre careful → mst careful; useful, flish, famus等。
通常加 -er/-est: 以-y, -er, -w, -le 结尾的,如:happy, clever, narrw, simple。
两种均可,常考:cmmn, plite, cruel, gentle, handsme等 (但handsme 多用mre/mst)。
2. 不规则变化 (必须背熟)
gd / well → better → best;bad / ill / badly → wrse → wrst;many / much → mre → mst;little (数量少) → less → least;far (距离/时间) → farther (更远) further (进一步) → farthest (最远) furthest (最深远);ld (年龄/资历) → lder (年龄更大) elder (年长的,用于家人) → ldest (最年长) eldest (最年长的,用于家人)。
高考英语形容词比较级和最高级核心考点及与解题技巧
一、核心考点与解题技巧:关键在于分析句子结构和上下文逻辑。
考点1:比较级的基本句型
A + be +比较级+ than + B: Tm is taller than Mike.
Which/Wh is + 比较级, A r B?: Which is mre difficult, English r Math?
比较级前可用 much, a lt, far, a little, slightly, even, still等修饰,表示程度。
【解题技巧】看到 than,基本确定用比较级。注意前后比较对象要一致 (避免“悬垂比较”)。
考点2:最高级的基本句型
A + be + the +最高级+ (名词) + in/f/amng...:She is the tallest in ur class.
ne f the +最高级+复数名词:Beijing is ne f the largest cities in the wrld.
最高级前可用 the secnd, the third, by far 等修饰。
序数词后常用最高级:The Yellw River is the secnd lngest river in China.
【解题技巧】看到 the 或表示范围的 in…, f…, amng…,或有 ne f… 结构,基本确定用最高级。
考点3:“越来越…”与“越…就越…”
比较级+ and +比较级:mre and mre ppular (越来越…)
The +比较级…,the +比较级…:The harder yu wrk, the better result yu’ll get. (越…就越…)
【解题技巧】识别固定句型结构,注意“the+比较级”必须成对出现。
考点4:隐含比较 (无than)
“the +比较级+ f the tw”:This pen is the better f the tw.
表示倍数:This rm is three times larger than that ne. / This rm is three times the size f that ne.
表示“比任何其他都…”:He is taller than any ther student in his class. (相当于最高级)
【解题技巧】分析句意,判断是否存在隐含的比较关系,特别是“两者中较…”或“倍数关系”。
考点5:易混点辨析
lder/elder, farther/further:分清具体含义。
less +多音节原级:less imprtant (较不重要),这是另一种比较级形式。
as +原级+ as (同级比较):He is as tall as his brther. 否定用 nt as/s…as。
可修饰比较级的词:只能用 much, even 等,不能用very, s, t, quite等。
二、实战解题步骤 (语法填空)
1. 判定词性:空格处是否需要形容词?是否需要比较含义?
2. 寻找标志词:有than?→用比较级;有the或in/f/amng等范围词?→用最高级;有and连接两个比较级,或 The…, the…结构?→用对应形式。
3. 分析音节与拼写:确定用-er/-est 还是 mre/mst;检查是否需双写、去e、变y为i。
4. 检查不规则变化:如果是 gd/bad 等,直接替换为不规则形式。
5. 整体复核:确保句子逻辑和语法结构一致。
三、高频误区提醒
双重比较/最高级:错误:mre better;正确:much better。
比较对象不一致:错误:His hair is lnger than me. (应为 than mine)
最高级前漏掉 the:错误:He is tallest by. (应为 the tallest by) 但作表语且无比范围时,the可省:He is happiest when he reads.
在as…as 或 than后用人称代词主格/宾格:口语中可用宾格,但高考规范语法中,若代词后接动词,应用主格:He runs faster than I d.
高考英语中形容词变副词的基本规则、特例及解题技巧
一、基本构成规则 (绝大多数情况)
1. 直接加-ly,如:quick → quickly, careful → carefully, final → finally,这是最普遍的规则。
2. 以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i,再加-ly,如:happy → happily, easy → easily, busy → busily (务必注意是“辅音字母+y”。)
3. 以-le结尾,去e加-y,如:simple → simply, gentle → gently, terrible → terribly,记住几个常见的:pssible → pssibly, prbable → prbably。
4. 以-ll结尾,直接加-y,如:full → fully, dull → dully (比较少见,但需知道)。
5. 以-ic结尾,加-ally,如:basic → basically, ecnmic → ecnmically, scientific → scientifically (特例:public → publicly (唯一例外,常考)。)
6. 形容词与副词同形,如:fast, hard, early, late, high, deep (区分用法:作形容词修饰名词;作副词修饰动词、形容词或句子)。
7. 完全改变或具有两种形式:gd / well 必须熟记。另如:late (迟的)→ late (迟到地)/ lately (最近)。
二、特例与易错点 (高考高频考点)
1. 以-ly结尾的形容词:很多形容词本身以-ly结尾,它们没有副词形式,或需用短语表达。friendly, lvely, lnely, likely, ugly, silly, deadly等。
错误:He smiled friendly. (×)
正确:He smiled in a friendly way. (√) 或 He gave me a friendly smile.
2. 两种副词形式,意义不同 (必考!):
high (高) / highly (高度地,非常);deep (深) / deeply (深深地,强烈地);clse (靠近地) / clsely (密切地,仔细地);hard (努力地) / hardly (几乎不);late (迟到,晚) / lately (最近);wide (宽,完全地) / widely (广泛地);near (靠近) / nearly (几乎)。
3. 既是形容词也是副词 (同形):fast, early, late, high, deep, lng, straight, enugh等。
enugh 特殊: 作副词时,放在所修饰的形容词/副词之后:gd enugh (√), enugh gd (×)。
三、解题技巧与步骤:解题的核心是判断句子成分。
第一步:判断是否需要副词
1. 修饰动词:空格位于动词前后,说明动作的方式、时间、程度等。
2. 修饰形容词:空格位于形容词前,对其进行程度修饰。
3. 修饰另一个副词:空格位于另一个副词前。
4. 修饰整个句子:空格位于句首或句中,用逗号隔开,表达作者态度。
5. 固定搭配中的副词:如be deeply mved, think highly f, widely knwn等。
第二步:应用规则进行转换
1. 确定形容词原形。
2. 对照上表规则,判断其变换方式。
首先检查是否是 “辅音字母+y” 结尾 (如happy)。
其次检查是否以 -le (如simple) 或 -ic (如basic) 结尾。
再检查是否是同形词 (如fast) 或 特例 (如gd → well)。
最后考虑是否属于-ly结尾形容词 (无副词形式)。
第三步:检查易错点
是否需要用两种形式中的另一种 (如high/highly)?enugh的位置是否正确?是否误将-ly结尾的形容词当副词用?
四、常见句型与固定搭配 (写作提分关键):在写作中正确使用副词能使表达更地道。
1. 修饰“动词+宾语”结构:副词常放在动词后或宾语后。
2. 与系动词连用:修饰系动词 (如be, feel, lk, sund, taste, seem)时,用形容词,不用副词。
3. 固定短语:deeply interested / mved / tuched;highly recmmended / educated / praised;widely accepted / used / knwn;clsely related / fllwed / cnnected;seriusly injured / ill;fully understand / aware / develped。
高考英语中形容词变名词的基本规则
一、主要构成规则 (四大核心后缀)
大多数形容词通过添加后缀变为抽象名词,表达某种性质、状态或程度。
-ness 最通用、最安全的规则。适用于绝大多数普通形容词,尤其是表示状态、性质的。happy → happiness, kind → kindness, dark → darkness, weak → weakness, careful → carefulness (以-y结尾,变y为i再加-ness。)
-ity 常加在以-able, -al, -ic, -ile, -ive 等结尾的形容词后,构成表示“性质、状态”的抽象名词。多用于较正式、学术的语境。pssible → pssibility, real → reality, natinal → natinality, electric → electricity, active → activity。变形需注意:1. able → ability (特例,常考!)2. respnsible → respnsibility 3. 有时拼写会变化:electric → electricity。
-th 加在表示度量、属性、状态的形容词后,构成抽象名词。数量有限,需逐个记忆。lng → length, wide → width, strng → strength, deep → depth, true → truth, warm → warmth。高考高频词:lng / length, wide / width, strng / strength, true / truth注意拼写变化。
-ce / -cy 常加在以-ant, -ent, -t结尾的形容词后。imprtant → imprtance, patient → patience, different → difference, cnfident → cnfidence, accurate → accuracy。注意区分:1. patient (adj.) → patience (n.) 2. cnfident (adj.) → cnfidence (n.)
二、特例与不规则变化 (必须背熟)
这些词没有规律,是考查记忆力的重点。
gd gdness (善良);high height (高度);ht heat (热量);brad breadth (宽度)
prud pride (骄傲);wise wisdm (智慧);brave bravery (勇敢);free freedm (自由)
lng length (长度);wide width (宽度);strng strength (力量);deep depth (深度)
true truth (真相);yung yuth (青春)
【易混点】
形容词与名词同形:有些词既是形容词也是名词,如daily, final, green, native等。需要根据句子成分判断。
不同含义:gd (好) → gdness (善良,美德) / gd (利益,好处,名词,如 fr yur wn gd)。
safe (安全的) → safety (安全,抽象) / safe (保险箱,具体)。
高考英语形容词变名词的核心技巧与解题步骤
一、核心解题技巧
1. 观察空前后结构,判断是否需要名词
空前有冠词 (a, an, the)、形容词性物主代词 (my, his, their等)、指示代词 (this, that等)或所有格 (’s或f)时,空处大概率填名词。
空在及物动词或介词后,作宾语时,通常需要名词。
空作主语或表语 (在系动词如 be, becme, remain 后),通常需要名词。
2. 牢记常见形容词变名词的后缀规则
这是解题的关键,必须熟练掌握以下后缀:
-ness: 加在大多数形容词后,表示状态或性质。
-ity (-ty): 常加在以-le, -al, -ive, -ar, -an等结尾的形容词后,有时涉及词根拼写变化。
-th: 加在表示度量、状态或性质的形容词后,常发生元音变化。
-ce / -cy: 加在以-nt, -t, -te结尾的形容词后,将t变为ce或直接加-cy。
-in / -atin: 主要用于由动词派生出的形容词 (以-ive, -able, -ent结尾),先变回动词,再加-in或-atin。
-ment: 主要用于由动词派生出的形容词 (以 -ed 结尾表示状态)。
-ship / -hd: 表示身份、状态、关系。
3. 警惕不规则变化与特殊形式
不规则变化:必须强记。词义辨析:同一个形容词可能对应多个名词,含义不同。
二、解题步骤 (四步法)
1. 定词性:分析句子成分,判断空格处是否需要名词 (充当主语、宾语、表语或受限定词修饰)。
2. 寻线索:找到题干中给出的形容词提示词。
3. 想变化:根据后缀规则,将形容词转化为正确的名词形式。
4. 核单复:根据语境 (尤其是冠词、主谓一致、数量词等)检查名词是否需要变为复数形式。
三、最后提醒
1. 积累为王:在平时背诵3500词汇时,要有意识地将形容词和其名词形式配对记忆,尤其关注不规则和特殊变化的词。
2. 语境至上:永远把句子结构和意思放在第一位。即使判断出要填名词,也要确保所选名词在语义上通顺。
3. 检查拼写:名词后缀的拼写 (如-ence还是-ance, -ity还是-ty)是易错点,完成后务必快速检查。
高考英语名词变复数的核心技巧与解题步骤
一、核心解题技巧
首要原则:先判断是否需要复数,再决定如何变。
判断是否需要复数的五大标志 (空前/后线索):
标志1:空前的数词或数量词:如 tw, several, many, a few, a number f, varius 等。
标志2:空前的冠词sme, any, (a) lt f, plenty f等:这些词后既可接不可数名词,也可接可数名词复数。需根据语境判断。
标志3:空后的谓语动词是复数形式:主谓一致是黄金线索。
标志4:空后的代词是复数:如 them, these, thse, their。
标志5:固定短语或上下文语义暗示复数:如 make friends with, in recent years, n bth sides。
掌握名词复数的规则与不规则变化
二、解题步骤 (四步法)
审语境,判单复:根据上述五大标志,判断空格处的名词在句中应用单数还是复数。
明词义,定可数:确认该名词是可数名词还是不可数名词。只有可数名词才有复数形式。
依规则,变形式:如果需要复数,根据规则或记忆,写出正确的复数形式。
再检查,核拼写:重点检查以 , y, f/fe 结尾的词的拼写是否正确。
高考英语名词所有格的核心技巧与解题步骤
一、核心解题技巧:判断使用所有格的标志
1. 当空格后紧跟着一个名词,且两者在逻辑上存在 “所属、来源、性质” 关系时,空格处很可能需要用所有格形式。
’s 所有格 vs. f 所有格的选择:
’s 所有格常用于:有生命的人或动物;表示时间、距离、价格、国家、城市、机构等;固定短语:fr gdness’ sake (看在上帝的份上), a stne’s thrw (一箭之遥)
f 所有格常用于:无生命的事物;表示同位关系。
2. 高考常考混合结构:f + 名词所有格,表示“...之一的”。
二、’s 所有格的构成规则 (易错点)
单数名词和不以 -s 结尾的复数名词,加 ’s:the child’s ty, children’s tys, Wmen’s Day
以 -s 结尾的复数名词,只加 ’:the students’ drmitry, the teachers’ ffice (最常考)
以 -s 结尾的单数人名,可加 ’s 或只加 ’,但通常加 ’s:James’s bk 或 James’ bk (后者更正式)
表示共同拥有时,在最后一个名词后加 ’s;表示各自拥有时,每个名词后都加 ’s。
Lucy and Lily’s rm. (两人共有的一个房间) vs Lucy‘s and Lily’s rms. (两人各自拥有的房间,复数)
三、解题步骤 (三步法)
看关系:分析空格后的词是否为名词,并判断两者是否存在所有关系。
选结构:根据“有生命/无生命、时间地点”等原则,决定用 ’s 还是 f。
写正确:如果确定用 ’s,则根据名词的单复数和结尾字母,正确写出 ’s 或 ’。
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