Unit 2 Great inventions and discoveries.词汇同步笔记（学案）-2026年春沪教版（五四学制）初中英语八下

这是一份Unit 2 Great inventions and discoveries.词汇同步笔记（学案）-2026年春沪教版（五四学制）初中英语八下，共4页。
沪教版 八下 Unit 2 Great inventions and discoveries.词汇同步笔记序号单词派生词常考搭配真题例句易错点提醒1discovery /dɪˈskʌvəri/ n. 发现；发觉discover v. 发现1. scientific discovery（科学发现）2. make a discovery（有所发现）This scientific discovery changed people’s lifestyles.（这项科学发现改变了人们的生活方式。）可数名词易错：复数形式为discoveries，勿写成discoveryes2ancient /ˈeɪnʃənt/ adj. 古代的；古老的无1. ancient civilization（古代文明）2. ancient building（古建筑）We visited some ancient temples in the old town.（我们在古镇参观了一些古老的寺庙。）词义辨析易错：ancient 表“古代的”，old 表“旧的；年老的”3BCE /ˌbiː siː ˈiː/ abbr. 公元前无1. in 300 BCE（在公元前300年）2. BCE period（公元前时期）This relic dates back to 500 BCE.（这件文物可以追溯到公元前500年。）缩写辨析易错：BCE 与 CE 对应，书写时字母全部大写4CE /ˌsiː ˈiː/ abbr. 公元无1. in 100 CE（在公元100年）2. CE era（公元时代）The Great Wall was rebuilt many times after 200 CE.（公元200年后，长城被多次重修。）用法易错：CE 常放在年份后，如 2025 CE5exploration /ˌekspləˈreɪʃn/ n. 探索；勘查explore v. 探索1. space exploration（太空探索）2. exploration of the ocean（海洋勘查）Space exploration is one of the greatest dreams of humans.（太空探索是人类最伟大的梦想之一。）拼写易错：多音节词易漏写字母，可拆分记忆ex-plo-ra-tion6wheel /wiːl/ n. 轮子；车轮无1. car wheel（汽车轮子）2. invent the wheel（发明轮子）The invention of the wheel was a great progress in history.（轮子的发明是历史上的一大进步。）发音易错：注意/wiːl/，勿读成/weɪl/7economy /ɪˈkɒnəmi/ n. 经济economic adj. 经济的1. national economy（国民经济）2. develop economy（发展经济）The economy of this country grows very fast.（这个国家的经济发展得很快。）派生词拼写易错：economic 勿写成economical（节约的）8material /məˈtɪəriəl/ n. 材料；原料无1. building material（建筑材料）2. raw material（原材料）We need to buy some wood as a building material.（我们需要买一些木材作为建筑材料。）可数名词易错：复数形式为materials，表“多种材料”9fishnet /ˈfɪʃnet/ n. 渔网无1. a piece of fishnet（一张渔网）2. mend a fishnet（补渔网）The fisherman used a fishnet to catch fish in the river.（渔夫用渔网在河里捕鱼。）合成词拼写易错：不可拆写为fish net10war /wɔː(r)/ n. 战争无1. world war（世界大战）2. a war against poverty（反贫困斗争）People all over the world hope for peace instead of war.（全世界人民都渴望和平而非战争。）不可数名词易错：表泛指时不可数，表具体战争时可数11excite /ɪkˈsaɪt/ v. 使激动；使兴奋excited adj. 兴奋的；exciting adj. 令人兴奋的1. excite sb. greatly（使某人非常兴奋）2. be excited about sth.（对某事感到兴奋）The good news excited all the students in our class.（这个好消息让我们班所有学生都很兴奋。）形容词辨析易错：excited 修饰人，exciting 修饰物12illness /ˈɪlnəs/ n. （身体或精神上的）疾病，病ill adj. 生病的1. suffer from an illness（患病）2. recover from illness（从疾病中康复）He had to stay at home because of a serious illness.（他因为重病不得不待在家里。）词义辨析易错：illness 表“生病的状态”，disease 表“具体疾病”13socialism /ˈsəʊʃəlɪzəm/ n. 社会主义socialist adj. 社会主义的1. socialism system（社会主义制度）2. socialist country（社会主义国家）China is a great socialist country.（中国是一个伟大的社会主义国家。）专有名词易错：首字母需大写，派生词socialist 拼写注意结尾14habit /ˈhæbɪt/ n. 习惯无1. good habit（好习惯）2. form a habit（养成习惯）Reading books every day is a good habit for students.（每天读书对学生来说是一个好习惯。）搭配易错：form a habit 勿说make a habit15hardly /ˈhɑːdli/ adv. 几乎不；几乎没有hard adj. 硬的；adv. 努力地1. hardly ever（几乎不）2. hardly believe（几乎不相信）I can hardly finish the work in such a short time.（我几乎无法在这么短的时间内完成这项工作。）词义辨析易错：hardly 表“几乎不”，hard 作副词表“努力地”16totally /ˈtəʊtəli/ adv. 全部地；整个地total adj. 总的1. totally agree（完全同意）2. totally different（完全不同）His opinion is totally different from mine.（他的观点和我的完全不同。）派生词搭配易错：total 常用于in total（总共）17telephone /ˈtelɪfəʊn/ n. 电话无1. make a telephone call（打电话）2. telephone number（电话号码）My father bought his first telephone when he was twenty.（我爸爸二十岁时买了他的第一部电话。）缩写易错：口语中常缩写为phone18tube /tjuːb/ n. （金属、塑料、橡皮制成的）管，管子无1. a tube of toothpaste（一管牙膏）2. plastic tube（塑料管）Please pass me that tube of glue on the desk.（请把桌上的那管胶水递给我。）搭配易错：表“一管……”时用a tube of + 名词19bone /bəʊn/ n. 骨头无1. animal bone（动物骨头）2. broken bone（骨折）The dog is chewing a bone under the tree.（狗正在树下啃骨头。）可数名词易错：复数形式为bones，勿写成bone20X-ray /ˈeks reɪ/ n. X射线；X光无1. take an X-ray（拍X光片）2. X-ray machine（X光机）The doctor asked him to take an X-ray of his chest.（医生让他拍一张胸部的X光片。）拼写易错：首字母X大写，中间加连字符21award /əˈwɔːd/ v. 颁奖 n. 奖；奖品无1. win an award（获奖）2. award sb. a prize（给某人颁奖）She won the best actress award in the film festival.（她在电影节上获得了最佳女演员奖。）发音易错：动词/名词重音均在第二个音节22sir /sɜː(r)/ n. 爵士；先生无1. Dear Sir（尊敬的先生）2. Sir Li（李先生）Sir, can you tell me the way to the nearest hospital?（先生，您能告诉我去最近的医院怎么走吗？）用法易错：称呼爵士时后接姓氏，普通称呼时单独使用23by accident /baɪ ˈæksɪdənt/ — 偶然；意外地无1. meet by accident（偶遇）2. find by accident（意外发现）I met my old friend by accident in the supermarket.（我在超市偶然遇到了我的老朋友。）搭配易错：勿写成by accidently，accident 是名词24mould /məʊld/ n. 霉；霉菌无1. green mould（绿霉）2. grow mould（长霉）The bread grew mould because it was left for too long.（面包放太久长霉了。）拼写易错：美式拼写为mold，中考两种均认可25to one's surprise /tu wʌnz səˈpraɪz/ — 令某人惊讶的是无1. to my surprise（令我惊讶的是）2. to his surprise（令他惊讶的是）To my surprise, he passed the exam with full marks.（令我惊讶的是，他以满分通过了考试。）搭配易错：one’s 需根据主语替换，勿写成to me surprise26bacteria /bækˈtɪəriə/ n. (pl.) 细菌bacterium n. 细菌（单数）1. harmful bacteria（有害细菌）2. kill bacteria（杀死细菌）Washing hands can help us get rid of harmful bacteria.（洗手可以帮助我们去除有害细菌。）单复数易错：本身是复数，单数形式为bacterium27turn ... into /tɜːn ... ˈɪntu/ — 使……变成无1. turn water into ice（把水变成冰）2. turn dreams into reality（把梦想变成现实）The magician turned a rabbit into a dove.（魔术师把一只兔子变成了一只鸽子。）搭配易错：into 后接变化后的结果，不可省略28life-saving /ˈlaɪf seɪvɪŋ/ adj. 救命的；救生的无1. life-saving medicine（救命药）2. life-saving skills（救生技能）The doctor used life-saving medicine to save the patient.（医生用救命药救活了病人。）合成词拼写易错：中间加连字符，不可拆写为life saving