高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第三册Unit 4 Space Exploration背景图ppt课件

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Mystery creates wnder and wnder is the basis f man’s desire t understand.神秘感激发好奇心，而好奇心则是人们探索未知事物的前提。—尼尔∙阿姆斯特朗 What des the wrd wnder refer t in this sentence? Hw d yu understand the sentence?Curisity abut space.
动词不定式 t d
现在分词/动名词(ding )
The Infinitive as the Attributive and adverbial动词不定式作定语、状语
definitin f infinitives：
不定式是动词的一种非限定形式,由“t+动词原形”构成，没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能独立作谓语。
但不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语等。
基本结构: “ t + 动词原形”, t是不定式标志, 无意义, 有时不定式符号t可省略。否定形式: nt t + 动词原形
1. Scientists wrk hard t find answers. 2. They make vehicles t carry brave peple int space t find ut the secrets f the universe. 3. Hwever, sme scientists were determined t help humans realise their dream t explre space. 4. Yuri Gagarin became the first persn in the wrld t g int space. 5. America’s NASA space agency launched Vyager 1 n 5 September 1977 t study deep space. 6. These disasters made everyne sad and disappinted, but the desire t explre the universe never died.
观察下面句子并分析红色部分在句中所作的成分
7. China became the third cuntry in the wrld t independently send humans int space in 2003. 8. This signalled ne step further in China’s plan t establish a space statin in the future. 9. Mre recently, China has sent Chang’e 4 t explre the surface f the far side f the mn t make measurements and bservatins. 10. Eurpe, the US, and China all have plans t further study and explre planets like Mars and Jupiter. 11. Despite the difficulties, scientists hpe future discveries will nt nly enable us t understand hw the universe began, but als help us survive well int the future.
The Infinitive as the Attributive(动词不定式用作定语)
不定式作定语，一般放在被修饰的名词、代词后面。例如：
只能用动词不定式做定语的情况
例：1. Please make an effrt t catch the bus.2. He made a prmise t cme here n time tmrrw.
1.当修饰的名词是ability, ambitin, attempt, chance, curage, desire, decisin, effrt, failure, mment, prmise, right, time, wish …（一些表示企图、努力、愿望、打算、能力等意义的名词）
2.不定式作定语，修饰the first，the last，the third等，中心词为不定式的执行者时用t d(主动式)，中心词为不定式承受者时用t be dne(被动式)。
The newspaper reprter was the last t walk ut f the cave. 那位报社记者是最后一个走出山洞的。This is the third questin t be discussed. 这是要讨论的第三个问题。
3. 当定语表示未来的还没做的动作时。
4. smething, anything, nthing, everything等复合不定代词常用不定式作后置定语。
I’ve grwn s crazy abut everything t d with nature.
The letter t be written is t my father.The matter t be discussed is imprtant.
5. 不定式作定语也可用在have … t d和there be句型中。
注意： 若不定式动词为不及物动词，则该动词必须与介词连用，组成及物的动词短语。
Please pass me sme paper t write ____.
There is n ne t take care f her.I have n jewelry __________(wear）.
6. 当名词与定语之间存在主谓关系时。 We must find a persn t d the jb.
单句语法填空①In many hmes in the UK, the first persn _______ (wake) up has t make tea fr the family．②The airprt ______________ (cmplete) next year will help prmte turism in this area．③The best way __________ (imprve) yur English is t jin an English club．④Carl was happy that she had the chance _____________ (experience) the life in the city．⑤These curses ffer us pprtunities__________ (imprve) ur abilities t appreciate art．
t be cmpleted
t experience
The Infinitive as the adverbial(动词不定式用作状语)
动词不定式在句中作状语, 主要用来修饰动词、形容词、副词等, 表示目的、原因、结果等。
在句中, 不定式可作目的状语、结果状语、原因状语等。
① He came here t attend an imprtant meeting. 他来这儿参加一个重要的会议。② He laid dwn his life t save the child. 他为了救这个孩子献出了生命。③ He shuted and waved in rder t be nticed. 他喊了一声，挥了挥手，以引起注意。④ I'll write dwn his telephne number s as nt t frget it. 我会记下他的电话号码，以免忘记。
有时为了强调或突出这种目的，也可以用in rder (nt) t d，和s as (nt) t d结构（s as t d不可以置于句首）。
① He returned hme t learn his daughter had just been engaged. 他回家后得知女儿刚刚订婚了。② He went hme t find his ld friend Gerge waiting fr him. 他到家发现他的老朋友乔治在等他。③ What have I said t make yu s excited? 我说了什么使你这么激动?
不定式作结果状语常与learn, find, see, hear, make等动词连用。
① She was s angry as t be unable t speak. 她气得连话都说不出来。② The by is ld enugh t take care f himself. 这个男孩够大了，可以自己照顾自己。③ He hurried t the statin, nly t find the train had left. 他匆匆忙忙赶到火车站，结果却发现火车已经走了。④ I'm t tired t stay up lnger. 我太累了，不能再熬夜了。
不定式作结果状语常用于以下句型结构：① s/such… as t d ② enugh t d③ nly t d (常表示意外的或事与愿违的结果) ④ t … t d
She is prud t have wn the first place. He is glad t be invited t the meeting.We were astnished t find the temple still in its riginal cnditin.
(1) 常用于“sb. + be + adj. + t d”结构中, 形容词作表语时, 后可接不定式作原因状语, 用以说明产生这种情绪的原因。此类形容词多是srry, glad, excited, disappinted, shcked等表示喜怒哀乐的形容词。
The mrning air is s gd t breathe that he gets up early every day.
(2) 常用于“sth. + be + adj. + t d”结构中, 这类形容词有easy, difficult, hard, cheap, expensive, cmfrtable, gd, imprtant, impssible, dangerus等, 表示主语的特征或性质, 不定式和句子主语之间存在动宾关系, 但常用主动形式表示被动意义。
Hw can yu catch the train t start s late？ 要是这么晚动身，你怎么能赶得上火车呢？（表示条件）He must be a fl t say s. 他那么说可能是个傻瓜。Yu will d well t speak mre carefully. 要是说得详细的话，你会做得很好的。
He pened his muth as if t say smething. She lifts his hand as if t lead him smewhere.
主要用于 as if t d sth 结构。
现在分词与不定式作结果状语的区别
例：1. He went hme t find his ld friend Gerge utside the dr.2. The child fell, striking his head against the dr and cutting it.
动词不定式作结果状语强调的是一种意想不到的结果；而现在分词作结果状语强调的是一种顺承的，必然造成的结果。
单句语法填空①________ (learn) mre abut Chinese culture, Jack has decided t take Chinese flk music as an elective curse．②We travel n Day 2 t nrthern France _______ (visit) the Wrld War Ⅰ battlefields．③When the grillas and I frightened each ther, I was just glad ______ (find) them alive．④Wuld yu be s kind as________ (spare) sme time t cme and jin us?
Summarize the usages f infinitives as the attribute r the adverbial.
enugh t (足够做...),(太...而不能), s/such... as t (如此...以至于)
多修饰名词常作后置定语往往表示尚未发生的动作普通名词常被序数词、最高级修饰抽象名词常有：dream, desire, chance,hpe, prmise, idea, fact, way...
t d,in rder t (可句首句中), s as t (只能句中)
1 一般式 2 进行式 3 完成式
sb＋be＋adj. ＋t d ...
1. _________ (make) it easier t get in tuch with us, yu’d better keep this card at hand. (2016 北京改)2. Anxiusly, she tk the dress ut f the package and tried it n, nly _______ (find) it didn’t fit. (2014 天津改) 3. Grup activities will be rganised after class _________ (help) children develp team spirit. (2014 重庆改)4. Gerge returned after the war, nly __________ (tell) that his wife had left him. (2012 山东)5. This machine is very easy ___________ (perate). Anybdy can learn t use it in a few minutes. (2012 辽宁)6. We were astnished ________ (find) the temple still in its riginal cnditin. (2010 辽宁)
7. Mdem methds f tracking plar bear ppulatins have been emplyed nly since the mid-1980s, and are expensive __________(perfrm) cnsistently ver a large area.  (2019·新课标Ⅰ卷·语法填空)8. But sme students didn't want ________(wear) the unifrm.  (2019·浙江卷·语法填空)
Hell, my dear friends! I am greatly hnured ________ (share) the event with yu. The theme f the activity is ___________ (intrduce) Chinese traditinal culture. During this mnth, there will be varius activities fr yu ____________ (experience) the rich and clurful Chinese culture. Yu will have a chance ___________ (make) paper-cutting r ____________ (appreciate) Chinese arts. There will be sme lectures fr yu _________ (attend), _______ is beneficial t yur understanding abut China. ________ (learn) mre abut China, dn’t hesitate _________ (cntact) us and be the first ________ (sign) up fr the activity.
t appreciate
D the exercises n P42 and P80 ~ P81.