2026年中考英语一轮复习八年级下册第12讲 Units 3-4课件

这是一份2026年中考英语一轮复习八年级下册第12讲 Units 3-4课件，共4页。
八年级下册第12讲 Units 3-4考点 1：辨析：borrow，lend与keep考点 2：辨析：while，when与as考点 3：allow的用法考点 4：get on/along…with sb./sth.的用法考点 5：provide的用法考点 6：辨析：instead与instead of 考点 7：辨析：cause, reason与excuse辨析：borrow，lend与keep动词，意为“借；借入”borrowlendkeep动词，意为“借；借出”动词，意为“保存；保留”borrow指“借；借入”，表示主语从别人那里借来，常与from连用，其结构为“borrow sth. from sb./sp.”意为“从某人/某地借来某物”。He borrowed some books from his friends.__________________lend指“借；借出”，表示主语把东西借给别人。常用结构为：“lend sb. sth. (借给某人某物)” 或 “lend sth. to sb.(把某物借给某人)”。可以把你的笔记本电脑借给我吗？Can you lend me your laptop?Can you lend your laptop to me?May I borrow your laptop?keep作“借”讲时，是延续性动词，意为“保存；保留”，通常表示借了某物多长时间，常与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。You can keep my iPad for three days._________________keep up 坚持；维持；沿袭（风俗、传统等）keep up with 跟上；不落后；赶上keep away from 不靠近；远离keep…from doing sth. 阻止……做某事keep on doing sth. 继续做某事keep in touch with 与……保持联系根据汉语意思完成句子。When it rains, his friend always _____ an umbrella to him.lends解析：考查动词的时态。句意为：下雨的时候，他的朋友总是借把伞给他。lend指“借；借出”，表示主语把东西借给别人，常用结构为 “lend sth. to sb.(把某物借给某人)”。根据rains“下雨”和always“总是”可知要用一般现在时；his friend是第三人称单数，动词用第三人称单数形式，lend的第三人称单数是lends。答案： lends辨析：while，when与aswhenwhileas“当……时候”，引导时间状语从句若主、从句表示两个同时进行的持续性动作，且强调主句表示的动作延续到从句所指的整个时间，通常要用 while。Don't talk while you're eating. 若从句是一个短暂性动作，主句是一个持续性动作，可用as/when，但不用while。When he came in, I was listening to the radio. As若主、从句表示的是两个同时(或几乎同时)发生的短暂性动作，用as/when，但不用while。I thought of it just when you opened your mouth.as1. 若主、从句表示的两个同时进行的动作含有“一边……一边……”之意时，通常用as。She sang as she went along.He looked behind from time to time as he went forward. 2. 表示两个正在发展变化的情况，相当于汉语的“随着”，用 as。As time went on, he became more and more worried. 3. when 可用作并列连词，表示“这时(突然)”；while也可以用作并列连词，表示“而；却”(强调对比)；但 as 则没有类似用法。I was about to go home when it began to rain. He likes coffee, while she likes tea. —What were you and your father doing at 7:00 yesterday evening?—I was doing my homework _____ my father was reading newspapers.A. when B. as soon as C. while解析：考查连词的用法辨析。句意：—昨天晚上七点你爸爸和你正在做什么？—我爸爸在读报纸，而我在做作业。while表示一个人在做一件事情的同时另一个人在做另一件事。答案： C（哈尔滨中考）allow的用法1. allow sb. to do sth. “允许某人做某事”2. allow (doing) sth. “允许(做)某事”3. allow for “考虑到；把……考虑进来；体谅”allow动词，意思是“允许”allow作“许可；允许”讲，常加sb.再接动词不定式短语作宾语补足语，即 allow sb. to do sth. “允许某人做某事”，但不可直接搭用动词不定式，即不可说 allow to do sth. 。Please allow me to carry your bag.请让我替你拿包。 My boss doesn't allow me to use the telephone.我的老板不允许我用电话。allow 作“许可；允许”讲，还可搭配动名词短语或名词作宾语，即 allow (doing) sth.。They allowed smoking in this room only. 他们只允许在这间屋子里抽烟。 The facts allow no other explanation. 事实不允许有其他的解释。allow for “考虑到；把……考虑进来；体谅”We should allow for every possible delay. 我们应该考虑到任何可能的延误。We must allow for her youth. 我们必须体谅她的年轻。allow用于被动语态时，必须接不定式作宾语补足语，不能接动名词形式。1. Passengers are not allowed to smoke. 乘客不准吸烟。 2. Women were not allowed to take part in the games. 妇女是不允许参加这些比赛的。Their parents don't allow them _____ in the river because it's really dangerous.A. swim B. swimming C. to swim D. swam解析：考查动词的用法。句意：他们的妈妈不允许他们在河里游泳，因为这非常危险。 “allow sb. to do sth.”是固定搭配，表示“允许某人做某事”。答案： C（重庆中考）get on/along…with sb./sth.的用法相处；进展；与……合得来1. get on/along … with sb. 与某人相处得……2. get on/along … with sth. 某事进展得……get on＝get along 表示“与某人相处得……”，with前面可以加well，也可加badly，意思不同。Mary is getting on well with her little cousin.玛丽与她的小堂弟相处融洽。He gets along badly with his classmates.他与他的同学相处得不好。表示“某事进展得……”，with前面可以加well，也可加badly，意思不同。They are getting on well with the autumn harvest.他们的秋收工作进展得很顺利。He gets on badly with his job.他的工作进展不好。get away (from) 离开；摆脱get back 回来；返回；取回get down 下来get in 进入；（飞机、火车等）抵达get into 进入；陷入；养成（习惯）get off 下车；脱下（衣服等）这两位同志彼此相处得很好。The two comrades ___________ very well with each other.get on/along解析：考查get on/along…with sb./sth.的用法。该搭配后接表示人的代词，表示“与某人相处得……”。答案： get on/alongprovide的用法1. provide sth. for sb. 为某人提供某物2. provide sb. with sth. 提供某物给某人3. provide for 抚养；供养provide及物动词，意思是“提供；供应”provide指有远见，为应付意外、紧急情况等作好充分准备而“供给”、“提供”。The school can provide all kinds of food for the students.这所学校可以给学生提供各种食物。 Could you provide me with information about exchange student programs?你能提供给我有关交换生计划的信息吗？You have to provide for yourself.你必须要养活你自己。offer也可表示“提供”，它强调的是主观上愿意“提供”，常用offer sb. sth.，offer sth. to sb.和offer to do sth.结构。Can I offer you something to drink? 我给你拿点喝的好吗？He will offer any help to his daughter. 他愿意给女儿提供任何帮助。If your parents are having problems, you should offer to help. 如果父母有困难，你应该主动帮忙。__________________________________________________________________Many tourists prefer five-star hotels because they think expensive hotels always _____ guests with better service. A. prevent B. protect C. present D. provide 解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：许多游客喜欢选五星级旅馆，因为他们认为昂贵的旅馆总是为客人提供更好的服务。表示“为某人提供某物”，应用 provide sb. with sth. 或 provide sth. for sb.。 答案： D （泰州中考）辨析：instead与instead of 代替；而不是insteadinstead of副词介词短语We'll have to ask Zhang Li instead.我们得请张力代替了。instead是副词，意思是“代替；顶替”。常用在句末，说明被代替的人或事物。________I didn't have a pen, so I used a pencil instead.我没有钢笔，因此就用铅笔代替了。 ________Could I have tuna instead of ham?我能否吃金枪鱼而不是火腿?instead of 是介词短语,表示“代替”时, 含有对比的意思，其后常跟名词、代词或动词-ing形式。_____Miss Wang is ill. I'll teach you instead of her.王老师病了,我代替她给你们上课。___________We walked down the stairs instead of taking the elevator.我们走着下楼梯而没有乘电梯。take the place of 是动词短语，也是“代替”的意思，可在句中作谓语，后接名词或代词的宾格。Tractors have taken the place of horses in many places. 在许多地方拖拉机取代了马。My brother is ill. I have taken place of him.我弟弟病了，我代替了他。___________根据句意填写适当的介词。Shall we have fish instead _____ meat today?of解析：考查介词短语。句意：我们今天吃鱼不吃肉，好吗？meat“肉”是名词。instead of “代替”是固定搭配，其后常跟名词、代词或动词-ing形式。答案： of辨析：cause, reason与excuse causereasonexcuse名词，意为“起因；原因”名词，意为“理由；原因”名词，意为“借口；理由”意为“起因；原因”，指引起某种结果的必然原因，即主要事实方面的原因，常和 effect 连用，表示因果关系。I don't know the cause and effect.我不知道（此事的）前因后果。The cause of the fire was carelessness.失火的原因是粗心大意。_________________There are many reasons for animals dying out.动物的绝种有许多原因。Tell us your reason for changing the plan.告诉我们你改变计划的原因。意为“理由；原因”，指用以解释某些已发生的事情的理由或借口，这种理由可能是也可能不是真正的理由，强调逻辑推理方面的理由。_______________Too much work is not the excuse for absence.工作太多不能成为缺席的理由。I haven't done the work well. My excuse is that I have been ill. 我没把工作做好，我的理由是我病了。指为免受指责或推卸责任而找的“理由”、“原因”，也就是我们常说的“借口”。______________reason之后可接why引导的定语从句。The reason why the boss doesn't trust him is that he often lies.老板不信任他的原因是他时常说谎。—Maggie, what you said may result in serious problems.—I see. I was just telling the truth.A. cause B. solve C. become解析：考查动词的用法。题干句意为：——Maggie，你说的话可能会引起严重的问题。——我明白，我只是说了实话。cause意为“导致”；solve意为“解决”；become意为“变得;变成”。原句中的意思是“导致”。答案： A