高考英语二轮-定语从句（讲义）（学生版）

这是一份高考英语二轮-定语从句（讲义）（学生版），共10页。学案主要包含了考查定语从句中的关系副词5等内容，欢迎下载使用。
\l "_Tc17226" 01考情透视·目标导航1
02 \l "_Tc18151" 知识导图·思维引航2
\l "_Tc25540" 03考点突破·考向探究3
\l "_Tc20799" 考点一 考查定语从句中的关系代词3
【 \l "_Tc19212" 真题研析】3
【 \l "_Tc11164" 核心精讲】3
【 \l "_Tc28075" 命题预测】4
\l "_Tc29041" 考点二 考查定语从句中的关系副词5
【 \l "_Tc30789" 真题研析】5
【核心精讲】 \l "_Tc285" 5
\l "_Tc30219" 【命题预测】6
\l "_Tc29325" 考点三 考查“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句6
【 \l "_Tc30789" 真题研析】6
【核心精讲】 \l "_Tc285" 6
\l "_Tc30219" 【命题预测】7
04 \l "_Tc14703" 重难点突破 定语从句基本知识的综合运用7
01
考情透视･目标导航
定语从句
02
思维导图･知识导航
考点一 考查定语从句中的关系代词
1. (2024·北京卷)Tinniswd, ___17___ desn’t smke and rarely drinks, credited mderatin fr helping him stay healthy during his lng life.
2. (2022·北京卷)That includes cups, bttles, and bags, mst f 18 are nly gd fr ne use.
01 定语从句中的关系代词
I. 关系代词that, which, wh(whm)引导的定语从句
1.指人的关系代词: wh / whm / that
先行词在从句中作主语 ：A dctr is a persn wh / that lks after peple’s health.
先行词在从句中作宾语 ：Mr White invited many friends t his party (wh / whm / that) he respected much.
关系代词前有介词：Nancy is the right persn n whm yu can depend.
2.指物的关系代词: which / that
先行词在从句中作主语：The river which / that runs thrugh the city brings us lts f pleasure.
先行词在从句中作宾语：The bk (which / that) yu just laid n the shelf is mine.
关系代词前有介词： Here is the mney with which I will buy a pian.
3.表示所有格：whse (既表示人的所有也表示物的所有)
表示人的所有： The girl whse father is a mdel wrker is ur mnitr.
表示物的所有： I’d like a rm whse windw lks ut ver the sea.
★whse + 名词=the + 名词+f + whm (which) = f + whm (which)+ the + 名词
例如 1.The river whse banks are cvered with trees flws t the sea.
The river f which the banks are cvered with trees flws t the sea.
The river the banks f which are cvered with trees flws t the sea.
There are twenty students, whse backgrunds are different.
There are twenty students, the backgrunds f whm are different.
There are twenty students, f whm the backgrunds are different.
4.as作关系代词的用法
as引导的定语从句常出现于the same…as…,such…as…,as…as…和s…as…结构中。
当定语从句的先行词被the same，such，as 或s修饰时，关系代词可选as，且不能省略。
Let’s meet at the same place as we did yesterday.
注意：★ the same…as… vs the same…that…
指代相似的人或物 指同一人或物
This is the same watch as I lst. Where did yu buy it?
This is the same watch that I lst. Please return it t me.
★ such…as… vs such…that…
It is such a difficult prblem as n ne can wrk ut.
It is such a difficult prblem that n ne can wrk it ut.
区别: as引导定语从句，指代的先行词在从句中充当成分，翻译成“像…那样”.
that引导状语从句，只起连接作用，翻译成“如此…以至于…”.
as 和 which 都可以引导非限制性定语从句，指代主句整句话的内容，
区别： which 不能置于句首，翻译成“这，这件事”
as 可以放在句首，翻译成“正如…” 谓语动词经常为knw, see, suggest, turn ut
As is knwn t all, the earth ges arund the sun.
As was expected befrehand, the cncert was very successful.
Bamb is hllw, which makes it very high.
1．The students benefitting mst frm cllege are thse are ttally engaged (参与) in academic life, taking full advantage f the cllege's chances and resurces (资源).
2．Sarah and her family bicycle t wrk, helps them keep fit.
3．Even thugh Tu Yuyu is nt interested in fame, she has becme a scientist wrk is internatinally renwned.
4．This indicates that there is a certain way quantity is represented in their brain.
5．Sme peple think that the great Chinese schlar Cnfucius, lived frm rughly 551 t 479 B．C．, influenced the (develp) f chpsticks.
考点二 考查定语从句中的关系副词
(2023·北京卷)Nina recently finished her year-lng series f runs in Chicag, 18 thusands were attending a water cnference.
定语从句中的关系副词
关系副词where, when, why引导的定语从句
D yu remember the teahuse where we used t play chess? (where=at which)
There was a time when there was n radi, TV r cinema. (when=during which)
The days are gne when he was an ignrant by. (when=in which)
They didn’t explain the reasn why they had canceled the rehearsal. (why=fr which)
（定语从句中关系副词可以换成介词 + 关系代词）
注意：有些先行词后面既可以用关系代词，也可以用关系副词。判断的重点在于分析先行词在定语从句中充当什么句子成分。 以the city 为例
(1) This is the city that/which I visited last year.
分析：主句：This is the city. 从句：I visited the city last year. visit：vt.，the city充当的成分：宾语
(2) This is the city where I lived last year.
分析：主句：This is the city. 从句：I lived in the city last year. live：vi.，the city 充当的成分：状语，表地点。
总结：关系副词 = 介词/介词短语 + 关系代词
1．The truth is that there are many reasns wars break ut.
2．Sme peple grw up in mre frmal families hugging isn’t cmmn. Others may experience abuse that makes hugging unpleasant.
3．Besides clean water and refreshing air, the village impresses many with its stne streets, ancient-style farm huses and varius venues peple can g hiking, play baseball and g fishing.
4．The rigin f facial makeup used in Peking Opera can be traced back t the Nrthern and Suthern Dynasties, leading actrs used t wear masks.
5．Chinese astrnaut Wang Yaping made histry n Nvember 7, 2021 she became the cuntry's first wman t cnduct a spacewalk.
考点三 考查“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
2．(2020·江苏卷)Many lessns are nw available nline, frm__________students can chse fr free.
“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
1. “介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句时，介词的宾语只能用which或whm，且不能省略。
Sme experts think reading is the fundamental skill upn/n which schl educatin depends.
一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。
2．“名词/不定代词/数词/形容词比较级或最高级＋f＋which/whm”引导的定语从句，表示部分与整体的关系。
Many yung peple，mst f whm were well-educated, headed fr remte regins t chase their dreams.
很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求自己的梦想，他们中的大部分都受过良好的教育。
3. 在非限制性定语从句中，whse修饰物时可以换为“the＋名词＋f which”；修饰人时，可以换为“the＋名词＋f whm”。
The newly-built café， the walls f which (＝whse walls) are painted light green, is really a peaceful place fr us, especially after hard wrk.
这家新建成的咖啡馆，墙被刷成了浅绿色，对我们来说，真是一个安静的地方，特别是在辛苦工作后。
1．Tm stayed here fr a while, during time he learnt Chinese.
2．Sales directr is a psitin interactin technique is just as vital as sales cmpetence.
3．Hua Mulan, the stry f has been tld by generatins in China, is a fighter frm the Nrthern Wei Dynasty (386-534).
4．Mre takeut and mre fd delivery equal mre waste, especially plastic waste. That includes cups, bttles, and bags, mst f are nly gd fr ne use.
5．Recently, parts f ur prvince have been struck by severe fld, frm effects the peple are still suffering.
04重难点突破 定语从句基本知识的综合运用
定语从句考点的解题关键：
一般来说解决定语从句相关习题需要三个步骤：
先判定是定语从句；
看从句中的谓语动词或者看从句缺何种成分；
看先行词指代什么，如下表所示：
（标黄题号为本专题考点）
（2024·北京东城·二模）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Have yu ever heard f the Ring f Fire? It might sund like smething straight ut f science fictin, 1 it is a real place. The Ring f Fire is the name used by scientists t describe an area 2 frequent vlcanic eruptins and earthquakes take place. In fact, mst f the wrld’s vlcanes are lcated there. The Ring f Fire is an arc-shaped regin that 3 (run) alng the cast f Nrth and Suth America, alng the eastern edge f Asia, acrss Alaska’s Aleutian Islands, and alng the cast f New Zealand.
考点
目标要求
考题统计及展示
考情分析
考查定语从句中的关系代词
熟练掌握限制性定语从句中的关系代词的用法，通晓先行词在定语从句作的成分
（2024·北京卷）wh
（2022·北京卷）which
（2021·北京卷）that
从近三年高考试题来看，试题以语法填空的形式命题，题目中等偏易，以考查学生对有关定语从句的理解和应用，强化语言运用能力和语境理解。
预计在2025年高考中，以语法填空的形式命题。定语从句是常考点。
考查定语从句中的关系副词
熟练掌握限制性定语从句中的关系副词的用法及先行词在定语从句中作的成分
（2023·北京卷）where