高考英语二轮-状语从句(复习讲义)(上海专用)(教师版)
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这是一份高考英语二轮-状语从句(复习讲义)(上海专用)(教师版),共45页。学案主要包含了思维建模,知识梳理,while的用法,重点提示,2023上海秋考,2023上海春考,2022年春考,2021年秋考等内容,欢迎下载使用。
01 TOC \ "1-3" \h \u \l "_Tc199181714" 考情解码・命题预警 PAGEREF _Tc199181714 \h 2
\l "_Tc199181715" 02体系构建·思维可视 PAGEREF _Tc199181715 \h 3
\l "_Tc199181716" 03核心突破·靶向攻坚 PAGEREF _Tc199181716 \h 3
\l "_Tc199181717" 知能解码 PAGEREF _Tc199181717 \h 3
\l "_Tc199181718" 知识点1 时间、地点、比较状语从句4
\l "_Tc199181719" 知识点2 原因、条件、方式状语从句10
\l "_Tc199181719" 知识点2 目的、结果、让步状语从句12
\l "_Tc199181722" 题型破译20
\l "_Tc199181724" 题型1 状语从句在语法填空题中的考查20
【思维建模】看逻辑定连词;查省略与倒装
\l "_Tc199181725" 题型2 状语从句在句子翻译题中的运用24
【思维建模】先主干再嵌词;检三处套句型
\l "_Tc199181733" 04真题溯源·考向感知30
【知识梳理】
★ 九种状语从句梳理(时间、条件、原因、地点、目的、结果、方式、让步、比较)
\l "_Tc25045" 知识点1 时间、地点、比较状语从句
要点一、时间状语从句
引导时间状语从句的连词有:
(当的时候)when, while, as, (刚就)n sner , ,
(一就)as sn as, the mment (that), the minute (that), immediately, directly, instantly,
(直到) till, until, since, befre, after, nce , whenever等。
1.while, as, when/whenever引导的时间状语从句及用法比较
(1).while
常表示一段较长的时间或一个过程,强调主句的动词和从句的动词所表示的动作或状态是同时发生的。它不能表示一时性或短暂的动作。
Dn’t talk s lud while thers are wrking. 别人工作时,请勿大声说话。
We shuld strike while the irn is ht.我们要趁热打铁。
【while的用法】
(1).引导时间状语从句,从句中的谓语动词应用延续性动词或表示状态的词。
(2).引导让步状语从句,多用于句首。意为“尽管,虽然”。
I admit his gd pints I can see his bad.
While he lves his students, he is very strict with them.
(3).while作并列连词用,意思为“而,然而”,表前后意义上的对比或转折。
’s plenty f rain in the sutheast, while there's little in the nrtheast.
Sme peple waste fd while thers haven't enugh.
★注意:while与but的区别
二者都有“而,然而”之意,但while强调二者的对比,而but强调前后的转折关系。
(2).when
引导的时间状语从句,可指时间的一点,也可以指一段时间,从句的谓语动词可用终止性动词,也可用持续性动词。when(特指)引导的从句表示的具体的时间,从句的动作和主句的动作可以同时,也可以先于主句的动作。whenever(泛指)指任何一个不具体的时间。
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①When I gt hme, he was having supper.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②When I was yung, I liked dancing.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③When he has finished his wrk, he takes a shrt rest.
= 4 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ④When I gt t the cinema, the film had already began.
【重点提示】
1.when 也可作为并列连词,连接两个并列句, “那时”,“这时”相当于and then , and at that time.这时不可被as, while 替代。
We were abut t g ut when the teacher came in.
We hadn’t been watching TV fr a lng time when there was a pwer failure.
2.when 还可作“在的情况下”解释,这时也不可被as, while 替代。
Why did yu walk there when yu have a car?
Whenever yu meet difficulties, yu must get it ver.
无论你什么时候遇到困难,你必须克服它。
(3).as
用as时主句和从句的动作往往同时发生,一般同延续性动词连用,有时可译作“一边…...一边…...”。
As time went n, his thery prved t be crrect.随着时间的推移,他的理论被证明是正确的。
As we walked, we talked.我们边走边谈。
As it grew darker, it became clder.
As she came t knw him better, she relied n him mre.
注意:
1.当从句的谓语动词是延续性动词时, when, while, as 有可能互相替换.
While/When/As we were still laughing, the teacher came in.
2.另外,as还可以引导定语从句。当as放在句首引导让步状语从句时,句子采用部分倒装语序。
2.名词词组引导时间状语从句
有时名词every/each time(每次),the next time(下一次),the next day(第二天),the first time,fr the first time, every day, the year等,也可起从属连词的作用,引导时间状语从句。
Every time yu get back at night, yu drp yur shes n the flr.
I didn’t have a penny the last time I saw yu.
3.表示“一…就”的连词或词组引导的时间状语从句
(1) as sn as, the mment (that), the minute (that), immediately, directly的用法。这几个词连接的从句都表示主从句的动作相继发生,间隔很短,“一就”
I’ll tell him as sn as/ the mment (that)/the minute (that)/ immediately/ directly/ I see him.
The yung lady rushed int the rm immediately she heard the nise.
(2).n , , , 这几个短语的词义和用法基本一样,都表示“一就”,放在句首时,句子要部分倒装。
【重点提示】
在这些结构中,主句的动作先发生,用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时。
主语+had + hardly/scarcely+ +主语+did...
= ______________________________________________
Hardly/Scarely had+主语++主语+did...
主语+had +n sner+ +主语+did...
= ______________________________________________
N sner had+主语++主语+did...
He had hardly arrived when his mther started cmplaining.
We had n sner sat dwn than the phne rang
He had scarcely sat dwn when he heard smene knck at the dr.
4.since引导的时间状语从句
以since引导的从句或短语作状语时,主句常用完成时,从句常用一般过去时。
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①Since I was a child, I have lived in England.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②We have been friends ever since we met at schl.
【重点提示】
1.主句若表示“已经有多少时间”可用一般时。
Hw lng is it since yu were in Lndn?
It is just a week since we arrived here.
2.since 引导的从句中的谓语动词如果是瞬间动词,则表示“自从这个动作的开始”以来; 若是延续性或状态性的动词则表示“自从这个动作的结束”以来。
Hw lng is it since yu wrked here? 你不在这儿工作已经几年了?
It is 3 years since I was ill. 我病愈以来已经3年了。
It is just a week since we arrived here. 我到这儿已经一周了。
5.befre引导的时间状语从句
(1).befre“在之前”
I’ll be back befre yu have left. 你离开之前我就会回来。
Befre I culd get in a wrd, the tailr had measured me.(还没来得及…就)。
(2).befre“之后才”It was sme time befre sb. did sth.和It will be sme time befre sb. des sth.
It was three days befre he came back. 他三天后才回来。
It will be three days befre he cmes back. 他三天后才会回来。
It was nt lng befre he came back. 不久他就回来了。
在这里,记两个短语:lng befre 不久之前 befre lng 不久以后
6.till/until和nt…until引导的时间状语从句
till和until 都表示“直到”, 两个词常可换用, 主要有下列两种用法。
(1).如果主句谓语动词为非延续性动词,如cme, g, enter, return, start, reach, finish等,主句用否定式, 从句用肯定式,而且是“”结构。
He wn’t g t bed till/until she returns.
He didn’t cme until he had gne ver his lessn.
(2.)如果主句谓语动词为延续性动词, 如stay, remain等,主句用肯定式。
He remained their till she arrived.
Yu may stay here until the rain stps.
7.nce引导的时间状语从句
nce(一旦)的用法在某种程度上,相当于after.
Once I arrive in Shanghai, I will call yu.
Once he wants t d smething, nbdy can change his mind.
要点二、地点状语从句
地点状语从句一般由where,wherever(相当于n matter where)引导。
一)where作连词引导地点状语从句时,意思是“在/向……的地方”。
1.Yu shuld have put the bk where yu fund it.你本来应该把书放回原来的地方。
2.Yu’d better make a mark where yu have any questins.哪儿有问题,你就在哪儿做个记号。
=Where yu have any questins,yu’d better make a mark.
3.We must camp where we can get water.我们必须在能找到水的地方露营。
4.Where they went,they were warmly welcmed.他们走到哪里都受到热烈的欢迎。
二).比较:where引导的地点状语从句与定语从句的区别
引导定语从句时,where是关系副词,在从句中作地点状语,其前面有表示地点的先行词,where引导的从句修饰先行词。引导状语从句时,where是从属连词,它引导的从句修饰主句的谓语动词,where前面没有表示地点的先行词。
Bamb grws best in places where it is warm and where it rains ften.
=Bamb grws best where it is warm and where it rains ften.
(where引导定语从句,引导地点状语从句。)
温暖而多雨的地方最适合于竹子生长。
有时,where引导的地点状语从句兼有抽象条件含义,可放在主句的前面;而where引导的定语从句则不能放在主句的前面。
Where there is water,there is life.有水的地方就有生命。(where引导地点状语从句。)
三)wherever相当于n matter where,意思是“无论到哪里,无论在哪里”。wherever引导的地点状语从句多位于句首。
1.Wherever he ges,he always takes a ntebk with him.无论走到哪里,他总是带着一个笔记本。
2.Wherever there is smke,there is fire.无风不起浪。
3.Wherever he may be,he will be happy.无论在什么地方,他都会快乐的。
=N matter where he may be,he will be happy.
要点三、比较状语从句
比较状语从句一般由as…as(和一样),nt as/s…as(与……不一样),than(比),the mre…, the mre…(越……越……)引导。
The directr gave me a better ffer than he gave Dick. 导师给我的提议比给狄克的好。
In recent years travel cmpanies have succeeded in selling us the idea that the further we g, the better ur hliday will be.
近几年旅游公司已成功地对我们灌输了去得越远,假日越好的观点。
Jhn plays ftball as well as, if nt better than, David.
如果说约翰的足球踢的不比大卫好,至少和他踢的一样好。
I can’t run as/s fast as he can. 我不能跑得他那样快。
1.He hurried ut f the rm the meeting was ver.
【答案】 as sn as
【详解】考查时间状语从句。句意:会议一结束他就匆忙走出房间。结合句意可知,此处用as sn as引导时间状语从句,意为“一……就”,故填①as②sn③as。
2.Hwever, the mst amazing thing happened. the reality f the crisis sank in, it brught ut the best in us.
【答案】As/When
【详解】考查时间状语从句。句意:然而,最令人惊奇的事情发生了。随着危机的现实逐渐深入人心,它激发了我们最好的一面。根据句意可知,空处引导时间状语从句,表示“随着……/当……”,应用连词as/when引导从句,置于句首,首字母大写。故填As/When。
3.By starting, yu get the juices flwing, allwing yu t get mre dne yu anticipated.
【答案】than
【详解】考查连词。句意:一开始,你就有了动力,让你做得比预期的更多。根据句意可知,此处应用than引导比较状语从句。故填than。
20.D freigners nt understand British humr r are the British just nt s funny they think they are?
【答案】as
【详解】考查连词。句意:是外国人不懂英式幽默,还是英国人真的不像他们自己认为的那样有趣?根据“just nt s funny”和“they think they are”可知此处要用连词,短语意为“与……一样”。故填as。
4.I didn’t realize hw special my mther was I became an adult.(用适当的词填空)
【答案】until
【详解】考查时间状语从句。句意:直到我长大成人才意识到我的妈妈多么特别。结合句意可知,此处是引导的时间状语从句,意为“直到……才”,故填until。
5.I wish my huse wuld be built we can enjy beautiful scenery with muntains and rivers.
【答案】where
【详解】考查地点状语从句。句意:我希望我的房子能建在我们可以欣赏山水美景的地方。分析句子可知,句子缺少built后面的地点状语,空处应用where引导地点状语从句,表示“……的地方”。故填where。
\l "_Tc25045" 知识点2 原因、条件、方式状语从句
要点一、原因状语从句
引导原因状语从句的从属连词有because(因为), as(由于,因为), since, nw that, when(既然), cnsidering that(考虑到), seeing that(由于,鉴于), in that(因为)等。
e.g. As it is rainy, we shall nt g t the park. 这里面的As翻译成“因为”。
Since everybdy is here, let’s begin ur meeting. 这里面的Since翻译成“既然”。
比较because, since, as, fr的区别:
.because引导的原因状语从句一般位于主句之后,表示直接的原因,语气最强,用来回答why引导的疑问句。because f也表示原因,但后面不能接从句,只能接名词、代词或动名词。because和s不能出现在一句话里。
We went by bus becaausse it waass cheaaper.=It wass cheaaper s we went by bus.
(2).since引导的原因状语从句一般位于主句之前,表示已知的、显然的理由(翻译成“既然”),较为正式,语气比because弱。
Since yu are free tday, yu had better g shpping.
(3).as引导的原因状语从句表示附带说明的“双方已知的原因”,含有对比说明的意为,语气比since弱,较为正式,位置较为灵活(常位于主句前,有时也放在主句后)。
As yu aare tired, yu hadd better have a rest.
(4).fr引导的原因状语从句表示并不说明主句行为发生的直接原因,可以理解为推断的原因,只提供一些辅助性的说明,fr引导的并列句只能位于主句后,要用逗号与主句隔开。
He culd’t have seen me, fr I wass nt there.
要点二、条件状语从句
条件状语从句引导词:if(注意主将从现), unless=if nt, prviding/prvided that=if, as (s) lng as, n cnditin that, suppse/suppsing that, in case, 条件状语从句可以位于主句前面或后面。
1.由if, unless, as/s lng as引导
if 表示正面的条件,意为“如果”;unless表示反面的条件,意为“除非,如果不”(if nt)
If yu dn't hurry up, yu'll be late. 如果你不快点,你就会晚了。
We’ll g there unless it rains. 如果不下雨,我们就去那儿。
2.由suppse, suppsing, prviding, prvided, n cnditin that和in case等引导
这类连词(词组)意思相近,有:“如果、假设、即使、在……条件下”等意义。
Suppse (Suppsing) he is ill, what shall we d? 如果他病了,我们该怎么办?
In case Jhn cmes, please tell him t wait. 假如约翰来了,请让他稍候。
Yu may keep the bk a further week prvided (that) n ne else requires it.
倘若这本书没有其他人想借的话,你可以再续借一个礼拜。
I will lend yu the bk n cnditin that yu return it n Mnday.
如果说你能在星期一还我,我可以借给你这本书。
I shall take an umbrella in case it rains. 我们应该带伞防止下雨
要点三、方式状语从句
方式状语从句一般由as(正如;按照), as if/as thugh(好像), the way等引导。
1.as 和just as引导方式状语从句
这两个连词的意思是“如…,犹如…,正如…”(in the same manner that)。just as 比as的强调性更强。
Yu must d everything as I d.你们要照我这样去做。
Just as the water is the mst imprtant f liquids, air is the mst imprtant gases.
正如水是液体中最重要的一种一样,空气是气体中最重要的一种。
2.as if 和as thugh引导方式状语从句
as if 和as thugh意为“好像、仿佛”可以用虚拟语气表示不符合事实或与事实相反的情况;也可以用陈述语气表示符合事实的情况。
He walked slwly as if he had hurt his leg. 他走得很慢,好像腿受了伤。
She speaks English as if she were a native speaker.她讲英语俨然像专家。
注意:在It lks as if...,It seems as if...句型中常用陈述语气。
It lks as if it is ging t rain.天看上去好像要下雨。
3.the way引导方式状语从句
the way它的作用相当于the manner,后面的引导词常用that引导方式状语,而且经常省略。此时,一般不用in which引导。
We didn't like the way that he treated us. 我不喜欢他对待我们的方式。
1.Everything in my childhd crwded upn my mind they had just happened.
【答案】 as if/thugh
【详解】考查固定短语。句意:童年的每一件事都涌上我的心头,好像刚刚发生似的。童年的事情不可能是刚刚发生,因此句子是虚拟语气,空格处意为“好像,似乎”,是固定短语as if/as thugh。故填as,if/thugh。
2. yu call me t say yu’re nt cming, I’ll see yu at the same place where we met last time.
【答案】Unless
【详解】考查连词。句意:除非你打电话告诉我你不来了,否则我们就在上次见面的地方见。由“yu call me t say yu’re nt cming, I’ll see yu at the same place where we met last time”可知,句子表示“除非你打电话告诉我你不来了,否则我们就在上次见面的地方见”,空格处意为“除非”,用unless,引导条件状语从句,位于句首,首字母大写,故填Unless。
3. yu are addicted t cmputer games, it’s hard fr yu t fcus yur mind n yur study.
【答案】Once/If
【详解】考查状语从句。句意:一旦/如果你沉迷于电脑游戏,你就很难集中精力学习。根据句意,“沉迷于电脑游戏”是“难集中精力学习”的条件,用从属连词nce或者if引导条件状语从句;句首单词首字母大写。故填Once或If。
4.We all felt very gd we did nt have t g dwntwn and draw mney ut f Mama’s Bank Accunt.
【答案】because/as/since
【详解】考查原因状语从句。句意:我们都感觉很好,因为我们不必去市中心从妈妈的银行账户里提款。根据空前和空后两句话的语境可知,空处需要because/as/since“因为”,引导原因状语从句。故填because/as/since。
5. yu’ve gt a chance, yu might as well make full use f it. A man cannt smile like a child.
【答案】 Nw that
【详解】考查原因状语从句。句意:既然你有了一个机会,你不妨充分利用它。 一个人不能像孩子一样笑。根据句意可知,nw that 的意思是“既然,由于”,在句中引导原因状语从句。故答案为Nw that。
\l "_Tc25045" 知识点3 目的、结果、让步状语从句
要点一、目的状语从句
引导目的状语从句的从属连词有 s that, in rder that, in case, fr fear that等。
1.s that, in rder that引导的目的状语从句
从句中的谓语动词前常有情态动词may、might、can、culd、will, wuld等。
例如:
Jhn shut everybdy ut f the kitchen s that he culd prepare his grand surprise fr the party.
约翰把其他人关在厨房外,目的是能够为晚会烹饪出人意料的东西。
These men risk their lives in rder that we may live mre safely.
这些人甘冒生命危险,是为了让我们活得更安全些。
辨析:in rder that引导的状语从句可以放在句首、与句尾,而s that 引导的只能放在句尾;如果从句主语与主句主语一致都可转换成不定式。
She went dwntwn s that/in rder that she wuld buy sme clthes.
=She went dwntwn s as t /in rder t buy sme clthes.(s as t不能在句首)
为了买些衣服她进城。
In rder that he culd make himself understd, he explained it again.
=In rder t make himself understd, he explained it again.
为了让大家理解,他又解释了一遍。
2.lest, fr fear that和in case引导目的状语从句
这三个连词词组的意思是“以防,以免”。lest的从句一般要用虚拟语气,形式是“shuld+动词原形”或省掉shuld。fr fear that和in case从句一般用虚拟语气,但有时也可以用陈述语气。
I beyed her lest she shuld be angry. 我得顺着她,免得她生气。
Take a hat with yu in case the sun is very ht. 倘若太阳很利害,你就把帽子戴上。
要点二、结果状语从句
1.s…that..., such…that...引导结果状语从句
S difficult did I feel it t live in an English-speaking cuntry that I determined t learn English well.
The film was s wnderful that we wanted t see it again.
He spke fr such a lng time that peple began t fall asleep.
2.s…that...与such…that...的区别
这两种结构都可引导结果状语从句。s是副词,后接形容词或副词;such是形容词,后接名词。
(1).单数名词
在与中间出现的是单数名词,且该名词前有形容词修饰时,这两种结构可互换,但要注意它们的词序不同:such+ a/an+形容词十名词=s+形容词+a/an+名词。
She is such a gd teacher that all f us lve her.= She is s gd a teacher that all f us lve her.她是一位很好的老师,我们都敬爱她。
(2).不可数名词或复数可数名词
如果被修饰的是不可数名词或复数可数名词时,一般须用。
He made such rapid prgress that befre lng he began t write articles in English.他进步很快,不久就开始用英语写文章。(不可数名词)
They are such interesting bks that we all want t read them.这些书是那么有趣以致我们都想读一读。(复数可数名词)
(3).名词前有many, much, little, few修饰时
如果不可数名词或复数可数名词前有many,much,little,few修饰时,则用s…that。
I’ve had s many falls that I’m black and blue all ver.我摔了好多次跤,周身青一块紫一块的。
Gerge had s little mney that he had t get a jb.乔治没有钱,所以他不得不找工作干。
They are such little children that they can’t d anything.他们是小孩,什么事情都干不了。
要点三、让步状语从句
让步状语从句由thugh,althugh,as,even if (thugh),hwever,whatever,whever,whenever,n matter +wh词,等引导。
1.even if, even thugh, althugh,thugh引导的让步状语从句
这四个词(词组)都有“虽然、即使、尽管”的意思。even if和even thugh带有较强的意味,语气比althugh和thugh强。thugh比althugh通俗,但不如althugh正式,都不能和but连用,但可以和yet, still或nevertheless连用。可以放在主句前面也可以放在主句后面。even if,even thugh所接的句子常用虚拟语气。
Althugh jurnalism seems like a gd prfessin, I wuld prefer t be a teacher.
虽然新闻业好像是一个很好的职业,但是我更喜欢当老师。
Althugh he is cnsidered a great writer, his wrks are nt widely read.
虽然有人认为他是一个大作家,但是他的作品读得并不广泛。
We wn’t give up even if we shuld fail ten times. 即使是我们失败十次,我们也不会放弃。
He might have given yu mre help, even thugh he was very busy.
尽管他很忙,他可能给了你更多的帮助。
2.as或thugh引导让步状语从句(高二讲解部分倒装时会更好地掌握)
(1).由as或thugh引导让步状语从句用倒装语序
Much as I have traveled, I have never seen anyne wh's as capable as Jhn.
我虽然取得地方多,但是我从来没见过像约翰这么能干的人。
(2).如果表语为单数可数名词,这个名词不带冠词
12-year-ld girl as she is, she has had a gd cmmand f English.她虽然只是个12岁的女孩,但是她已经熟知英语。
Child as he is, he knws a lt.虽然他还是个孩子,却懂的很多。
(3).如果句中谓语包含情态动词或助动词,则将实意动词放在as之前
Try as I might, I culdn't lift the stne.我使多大劲儿也搬不动这块石头。
Praised as he was, he remained mdest.他虽然受到表扬,但仍然保持着谦虚。
(4).如果句中谓语仅有实意动词,则将实意动词(原形)放在as之前,并在主语后面加助动词d, des, did或will。
Trture her as they did, the enemy gt nthing ut f her.虽然敌人拷打她,却没有能从她嘴里得到什么。
Fail as he did, he wuld never give up.尽管他失败了,但他决不会放弃。
注意:如果在这种情况下,句中谓语有副词修饰,则将副词放在as之前。
Again and again as he failed, he didn't lse heart.他虽然多次失败,但仍不灰心丧气。
Much as I admire his curage, I dn't think he acted wisely.
我虽然佩服他的勇气,但是我认为他这样做是不明智的。
总结:倒装是把表语提前;没有表语时,将状语提前;没有状语时,将部分谓语提前
3.由n matter+ wh词和由疑问词+ever引导让步状语从句
由n matter引导,表示“不管;无论”;由疑问词+ever引导,表示“不管,不论”。这类词有:whatever,whichever,whever,hwever, whenever,wherever等,他们相当于n matter+ what(which,wh,hw,when, where),都不能与but,s,and等并列连词同时使用。
We’ll have t finish the jb, hwever(n matter hw) lng it takes.
N matter what(Whatever) yu d, dn't tell him that I tld yu this.
N matter hw pure the water lks, I prefer nt t drink it.
N matter where (Wherever) yu g, I wuld keep yu cmpany.
注意:n matter 可以和whether和if连用。
N matter whether it snws r nt, I shall start n the jurney.不论下雪与否,我都将出发去旅行。
虽然“ n matter +疑问词”和“疑问词+ ever ”都可以用来引导让步状语从句,但后者的用途更广,这类词还可用来引导主语从句、宾语从句、时间或地点状语从句等。例如:
Whever cmes t the party will receive a gift.(主语从句)来参加晚会的人都会收到一份礼物。
比较:Whever cmes t the party, he will receive a gift. (让步状语从句)
=N matter wh cmes t the party, he will receive a gift.
无论谁来参加晚会,都会收到一份礼物。
Yu can take whichever bk yu like best. (宾语从句)
Whenever we see him, we speak t him. (时间状语从句)
4.由引导让步状语从句
由引导让步状语从句表示“不论……还是”,提供两种对比的情况。
I shall g, whether yu cme with me r stay at hme.
不论你和我一起来还是留在家中,我都要前往。
Whether we like a particular piece f news r nt, all we have t d is sit in frnt f the tube and “let it happen”.
不管我们喜欢不喜欢一条消息,我们所能做的只是坐在电视机前,“让它过去”。
1.Weak I am in English fr the mment, I am cnfident that I can catch up. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】as/thugh
【详解】考查状语从句。句意:虽然目前我的英语很差,但我有信心能赶上来。此处引导让步状语从句,表示“虽然”且为倒装句,应用as或thugh。故填as/thugh。
2.We students shuld always manage t spare sme time t exercise, busy we are. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】hwever
【详解】考查连接副词。句意:我们学生应该总是设法抽出一些时间来锻炼,不管我们多么忙。根据句意可知,空格后的部分是让步状语从句,由空格后的形容词busy可知,表示“不管多么”应该用连接副词hwever引导从句。故填hwever。
3.I develped a strng interest in stage design that I realized I wanted t spend the rest f my life ding it. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】such
【详解】考查连词。句意:我对舞台设计产生了如此强烈的兴趣,以至于我意识到我想用我余生的时间来做这件事。分析句子结构,本句使用了“such a +名词+that”结构,表示“如此……的……”,符合句意,故填such。
4.They chse t live in the suburbs they will nt be disturbed by the heavy traffic and the serius air pllutin. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】 s that
【详解】考查目的状语从句。句意:他们选择住在郊区,为了不被繁忙的交通和严重的空气污染所困扰。后半句表明了他们选择住到郊区去的目的,所以用s that引导目的状语从句,意为“以便”。根据句意,故填s that。
5.We’d better leave a message at the infrmatin desk smebdy shuld cme and visit us. (根据句意填空)
【答案】 in case
【详解】考查状语从句。句意:我们最好在服务台留个言,以防有人来找我们。引导目的状语从句,表示“以防”应用in case。故填in case。
备注01: 状语从句中的省略
1. 在时间、地点、条件、方式、让步或比较状语从句中,当从句和主句主语一致,且从句中又有be动词时,可将从句主语及be动词省略。
He pened the desk drawer, as if (he was) in search f smething imprtant.
2. 当从句主语为代词it,从句中又有be动词时,从句主语及be动词可省略。
Cme alng with yur teacher if (it is) pssible.
3. 当从句是there be结构时,there be可省略。
Yu can ask me questins if (there are) any.
4. 在as, than引导的状语从句中,可省略与主句中重复的任何成分及be动词。
She speaks English better than he (speaks English).
Yu shuld d it as (yu were) tld t (d it).
备注02: 状语从句中的倒装
1. n sner... than...和hardly/scarcely... when...引导时间状语从句,n sner和hardly/scarcely位于句首时,需将n sner和hardly/scarcely所在的句子部分倒装,且常用过去完成时,其后的than和when连接的句子不倒装,常用一般过去时。
Hardly had he begun t speak when his wife stpped him.
2. nt until...位于句首时,主句要部分倒装,nt until从句不倒装。
Nt until he came back yesterday evening did we finish the wrk.
3. if虚拟条件状语从句谓语含were, shuld, had时可将if省略,把were, shuld, had移至主语前。
Shuld he be here (= If he shuld be here) next week, he wuld help us.
4. s... that...和such... that...引导的结果状语从句中,若将“s +adj./adv.”或“such +n.”置于句首,主句要部分倒装。
S mved was she that she culd nt say a wrd.
5. as/thugh引导让步状语从句的倒装结构为:名词/形容词/副词/分词+as/thugh+主语+谓语,动词+as/thugh+主语+助动词。若是可数名词单数,前置时要省略冠词a/an。
Child as/thugh he is, he can take care f himself.
Try as/thugh he might, he culd nt find a jb.
Much as/thugh I like it, I wn’t buy it.
6. hwever, whatever引导的让步状语从句。
Hwever/N matter hw hard he wrked, he culdn’t slve the prblem.
Whatever/N matter what reasns yu have, yu shuld carry ut yur prmise.
自主检测新情境
1. wealthy he was, he never frgt his humble beginnings and was always ready t help thers. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】Hwever
【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意:无论他多么富有,他从来没有忘记自己卑微的开始,所以他总是乐于帮助别人。结合句意可知,此处指“无论他多么富有”,用hwever引导让步状语从句,首字母应大写。故填Hwever。
2.But thse numbers, impressive they seem, may be beside the pint. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】as/thugh
【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意:但这些数字虽然看起来令人印象深刻,但可能无关紧要。分析句意及句子结构可知,此处引导让步状语从句,句子使用了倒装结构,应用as或thugh引导,常见结构为“名词/形容词/副词+as/thugh+主语+谓语”。故填as或thugh。
3.Much the glden ball cactus prefers the sun, it tlerates temperatures f belw zer degrees centigrade. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】as/thugh
【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意:虽然金球仙人掌喜欢阳光,但它能忍受摄氏零度以下的温度。根据句意可知,此处引导让步状语从句,且使用了部分倒装结构,应用as或thugh引导。故填as或thugh。
4.The little by wuldn’t leave the shp he bught what he wanted. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】until
【详解】考查连词。句意:这个小男孩直到买了他想要的东西才离开商店。nt…until…“直到……才……”是固定句型,符合句意,故用until引导时间状语从句。故填until。
5. reasns may be behind it, peple’s attitudes tward left-handedness have changed a lt ver the years. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】N matter what/Whatever
【详解】考查连词。句意:不管背后的原因是什么,多年来人们对左撇子的态度发生了很大变化。根据句意可知,本句让步状语从句,修饰名词reasns,应用n matter what/whatever。故填N matter what/Whatever。
6. it is a blind persn seeking guidance r an elderly persn seeking supprt, the rail is there fr walking. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】Whether
【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意:无论是寻求指导的盲人还是寻求支持的老年人,扶手都是用来步行的。分析可知,本句是让步状语从句,用引导,符合句意和语境要求,句首单词首字母大写,故填Whether。
7.Nt everyne is happy that the handshake is making its way back. it’s a deep-rted way f expressing friendship and respect, sme medical experts wish it were gne fr gd. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】Thugh/Althugh/ While
【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意:并不是每个人都对握手会重新开始感到高兴。尽管这是一种根深蒂固的表达友谊和尊重的方式,但一些医学专家希望它永远消失。结合语意,句子表示“尽管握手是一种表达友谊和尊重的方式,但一些医学专家希望它永远消失”,空处应用连词thugh/althugh/while引导让步状语从句,表示“尽管”,置于句首,首字母大写。故填Thugh / Althugh / While。
8.I wish my huse wuld be built we can enjy beautiful scenery with muntains and rivers. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】where
【详解】考查地点状语从句。句意:我希望我的房子能建在我们可以欣赏山水美景的地方。分析句子可知,句子缺少built后面的地点状语,空处应用where引导地点状语从句,表示“……的地方”。故填where。
9.Furthermre, talented the speaker is, a talk withut enugh preparatin is usually a failure. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】hwever
【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意:此外,无论演讲者多么有才华,没有充分准备的演讲通常是失败的。结合句意及空后的形容词talented可知, 此处表示“无论演讲者多么有才华”,用hwever引导让步状语从句,相当于n matter hw,故填hwever。
10.Prvide yur dctr with a detailed medical histry he can give yu accurate treatment. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】 in/s case/that
【详解】考查连词。句意:向你的医生提供一份详细的病史,以便/目的是他能给你准确的治疗。根据句意可知,本句为in case/s that引导的目的状语从句。故填in case/s that。
11.The absence f air als explains why the stars d nt seem t twinkle in space they d frm the earth. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】as
【详解】考查连词。句意:正因为没有空,所以星星在太空中不像地球上看它们时那样闪闪发亮。分析句子可知,空处为连词as,表示“像”,引导方式状语从句。故填as。
12. the ld saying ges, “It’s never t ld t learn.” (用适当的词填空)
【答案】As
【详解】考查状语从句。句意:正如那句老话所说:“活到老,学到老。”as the ld saying ges是固定用法,意为“正如那句老话所说”,是as引导的方式状语从句,位于句首,首字母大写,故填As。
13.I have never seen as beautiful a place yu have talked. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】as
【详解】考查状语从句。句意:我从未见过像你说的那样美丽的地方。表示“和……一样”为,引导比较状语从句。故填as。
14.Her sn is wrking hard her daughter is very lazy.(用适当的词填空)
【答案】while
【详解】考查连词。句意:她的儿子在努力工作,而她的女儿很懒。根据上文“Her sn is wrking hard(她的儿子在努力工作)”以及下文“her daughter is very lazy(她的女儿很懒)”可知,上下文之间为对比关系,应使用表示对比关系的连词while,故填while。
15.By starting, yu get the juices flwing, allwing yu t get mre dne yu anticipated. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】than
【详解】考查连词。句意:一开始,你就有了动力,让你做得比预期的更多。根据句意可知,此处应用than引导比较状语从句。故填than。
16.N matter we are, we are able t keep in cntact with lved nes with all srts f cmmunicatin sftware. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】where
【详解】考查状语从句。句意:无论我们在哪里,我们都可以通过各种通信软件与亲人保持联系。结合句意可知,此处指“无论我们在哪里”,使用n matter where引导让步状语从句,故填where。
17.N sner had she watched the TV prgram n the extinct species she made up her mind t jin the wildlife prtectin rganizatin. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】than
【详解】考查连词。句意:她一看关于灭绝物种的电视节目就下定决心加入野生动物保护组织。n 为固定句型,意为“一……就……”。故填than。
18.Dn’t chse activities like running r lifting weights at the gym just yu think that’s what yu shuld d. Instead, pick activities that fit yur lifestyle, abilities, and taste. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】because
【详解】考查状语从句。句意:不要仅仅因为你认为跑步或举重这些活动是你应该做的事情就在健身房选择这些活动。相反,选择适合你的生活方式、能力和品味的活动。分析句子结构并结合句意,____ yu think that’s what yu shuld d是原因,所以应用because引导原因状语从句。故填because。
19.Yu have t let us struggle fr urselves, we must die in the prcess. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】 even if/thugh
【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意:你得让我们为自己拼搏,哪怕我们会在这个过程中死去。分析句子,结合句意可知,空格处引导让步状语从句,连接副词even if或even thugh,引导从句,意为“即使”,符合句意。故填even if或even thugh。
20.We’d better leave a message at the infrmatin desk smebdy shuld cme and visit us. (根据句意填空)
【答案】 in case
【详解】考查状语从句。句意:我们最好在服务台留个言,以防有人来找我们。引导目的状语从句,表示“以防”应用in case。故填in case。
题型1 状语从句在语法填空题中考查
例1 (2025·上海徐汇·二模)
In the secnd stage, a “stp light” was intrduced, and the rule was changed s that the reward was nly given 4 they tuched the card when the light was ff.
【答案】 4.if
4.考查状语从句。句意:在第二阶段,引入了一个 “交通信号灯”,并且规则改变了,所以只有当信号灯熄灭时,它们触碰卡片才会得到奖励。“the reward was nly given” 和 “they tuched the card when the light was ff” 之间存在条件关系,“if” 引导条件状语从句,意为 “如果,假如”,表示只有在 “信号灯熄灭且马触碰卡片” 这个条件下,才会得到奖励。故填 if。
例2(2025·上海浦东新·二模)
“Over 10 years, it amunted t mre than 30,000 ntes, 8 we had nly 20,000 emplyees. Wherever I’d g in the wrld, yu’d find my handwritten ntes 9 (display) n emplyees’ bulletin bards(公告栏).”
【答案】 8.thugh/althugh
8.考查状语从句。句意:在 10 多年的时间里,(感谢信)总数超过了 3 万封,尽管我们只有 2 万名员工。“thugh” 或 “althugh” 引导让步状语从句,表示 “尽管,虽然”,在这里连接两个有转折关系的句子。故填 thugh/althugh。
例3(2025·上海嘉定·二模)
8 it did little t satisfy true hunger, it did keep them alive. Their days were lng and exhausting. Yet they refused t stp.
【答案】 8.Althugh/Thugh
8.考查状语从句。句意:尽管它几乎不能满足真正的饥饿,但它确实让他们活了下来。根据前后句的逻辑关系,这里表示让步,“尽管” 食物不能满足饥饿,但能维持生命,所以用“Althugh” 或 “Thugh” 引导让步状语从句。首字母大写。故填 Althugh/Thugh。
例4(2025·上海闵行·二模)
Or hping t explre a wrld-class city with new friends this summer? 2 s, check ut the Bstn University Summer Jurnalism Academy.
【答案】 2.If
2.考查状语从句连词。句意:如果是这样,那就来看看波士顿大学暑期新闻学院吧。if s表示“如果是这样”,固定搭配。故填If。
例5(2025·上海虹口·二模)
Then came the nise. 4 I had gtten used t the peacefulness, New Yrk felt like a mixture f lud unpleasant sunds.
【答案】 4.After
4.考查状语从句连词。句意:在我习惯了宁静之后,纽约感觉就像各种嘈杂刺耳声音的混合体。这里表示在作者习惯了宁静之后才感觉到纽约的嘈杂,所以用 after 引导时间状语从句。首字母大写。故填After。
例6(2025·上海静安·二模)
10 McCarthy has said abut the sprt, I d see brken nses, wrist injuries, and shulder prblems arising frm crunning. ”
【答案】10.Whatever
10.考查让步状语从句。句意:无论麦卡锡对这项运动说了什么,我确实看到了因爬跑而导致的鼻骨骨折、手腕受伤和肩部问题。结合句意,“____ McCarthy has said abut the sprt”是让步状语从句,此处表示“无论什么”,用whatever引导让步状语从句;句首单词首字母大写。故填Whatever。
例7(2025·上海宝山·二模)
Little did they knw that a year later text-t-vide AI wuld be creating vides s realistic 1 they wuld blur (模糊) the line between the digital and the real.
【答案】1.that
1.考查结果状语从句。句意:当时人们不会想到,一年后的文本生成视频AI竟能创造出如此逼真的影像,以至于模糊了数字与现实的界限。“如此……以至于”的固定搭配。故填that。
例8(2025·上海崇明·二模)
M Deng is nw fur mnths ld. Officials estimated the baby hipp has brught in abut 3,000 t 5,000 visitrs a day n average 8 it became ppular nline.
【答案】 8.since
8.考查状语从句连词。句意:官员们估计,自从这只小河马在网络上走红以来,平均每天吸引了约3000至5000名游客前来参观。表示“自从…… 以来”应用since引导时间状语从句。故填since。
例9(2025·上海黄浦·二模)
Hw can yu figure ut whether t avid r t face up t yur feelings? Dr. Krss, an emtin researcher, suggested asking yurself, “Is 5 I’m ding making me feel better abut the prblem in frnt f me? Is this issue still a cncern 6 I take sme time away frm it?”
【答案】 6.after/when/if
6.考查状语从句连词。句意:在我暂时远离这个问题后/当我暂时远离这个问题时/如果我暂时远离这个问题,它是否还是我担忧的事情?由“I take sme time away frm it”可知,句子表示“在我暂时远离这个问题后/当我暂时远离这个问题时/如果我暂时远离这个问题,它是否还是我担忧的事情”,空格处意为“在……之后/当……时/如果”,空格处可用after/when引导时间状语从句,或if引导条件状语从句,故填after/when/if。
例10(2025·上海奉贤·二模)
It was literally in the middle f a desert: there was an abandned village with brken huses. 5 the atmsphere was frightening and filled with an unsettling stillness, the sky was stunningly beautiful.
【答案】5.Althugh/ While/Thugh
5.考查状语从句。句意:虽然气氛令人恐惧,充满了令人不安的寂静,但天空却美得惊人。引导让步状语从句,表示“虽然”用althugh、while或thugh,首字母大写。故填Althugh/While/Thugh。
例11 (2025·上海松江·二模)
While breaking lng walks int shrt intervals might nt be practical in terms f length cvered, Lucian emphasized that 10 pssible, peple shuld take a few steps t break up sitting time.
【答案】 10.whenever/when/if
10.考查状语从句省略。句意:虽然将长时间的步行分成短时间的间隔可能不太实际,但卢西亚诺强调,只要有可能/在任何可能是时候,人们应该采取一些措施来打破坐着的时间。分析句子结构可知,此处表示“在任何可能的时候,人们都应该起身走几步,打破长时间的久坐。”,因此可使用whenever/when引导时间状语从句,其完整形式是 “whenever/when it is pssible”,同时,此处也可以表示“如果可能的话”,因此可以使用if引导条件状语从句,其完整形式是 “if it is pssible”。故填whenever/when/if。
例12(2025·上海青浦·二模)
Research shws that peple are mre likely t fllw advice when it cmes frm smene they perceive as an expert, 4 _______the advice isn’t cnsistent with their wn judgment.
【答案】 4.even if/even thugh
4.考查让步状语从句。句意:研究表明,即使建议与他们自己的判断不一致,人们也更有可能听从他们认为是专家的人的建议。空处引导让步状语从句,表示“即使”,故填even if/even thugh。
例13(2025·上海金山·二模)
Stand-up cmedy, riginating in the United States, has gained glbal appeal, including in China. 1 the first Chinese stand-up cmedy club was set up in Shenzhen in 2009, this frm f entertainment was relatively unknwn t mst Chinese audiences.
【答案】1.When
1.考查状语从句。句意:当2009年第一家中国脱口秀俱乐部在深圳成立时,这种娱乐形式对大多数中国观众来说还相对陌生。“the first Chinese stand up cmedy club was set up in Shenzhen in 2009”是时间状语从句,结合语境,这里表示“当……时候”,用从属连词when引导该从句;句首单词首字母大写。故填When。
例14(2025·上海长宁·二模)
6 Yelnats is tld that this is t “build character”, he sn unearths a mystery buried deep beneath the grund. Sachar’s stry f hardship 7 (inspire) bk readers and film audiences fr years.
【答案】 6.Althugh/Thugh/While
6.考查状语从句。句意:尽管耶尔纳茨被告知这是为了“塑造性格”,但他很快就揭开了一个深埋在地下的秘密。空处填从属连词引导状语从句;根据句意可知,althugh/thugh/while都可表示“尽管,虽然”。句首字母大写,故填Althugh/Thugh/While。
例15(2025·上海普陀·二模)
Previus studies have shwn that, 8 peple are raised and live in an urban r rural envirnment, it influences hw strngly they want t be amng nature r seek ut utdr experiences.
【答案】 8.whether
8.考查连词。句意:先前的研究表明,无论人们是在城市还是农村环境中长大和生活,这都会影响他们对融入自然或寻求户外体验的渴望程度。表示“无论……还是……”,引导让步状语从句。故填whether。
思维建模 看逻辑定连词;查省略与倒装
01. 看逻辑:先判“时间-条件-让步-目的-结果”从句类别,用中文句意秒定从句类型。
02. 定连词:
• 时间/条件:when/while/until/if/unless/nce
• 让步:thugh/althugh/even if/while(=althugh)
• 目的/结果:s that(目的) / s…that(结果)
03.查省略与倒装:若空格后为“形容词/名词/动词-ing/-ed + as/thugh”结构,必为倒装让步;主从主语一致且含 be 时可省主语+be。
04.秒排除:句首出现 never, hardly, nt until 时,主句需部分倒装,如 Nt until…did…。
题型2 状语从句在句子翻译中的运用
例1 (2025·上海闵行·二模)
倘若人工智能完全取代人类劳动,那岂不是每个人都面临失业的风险?(risk)
【答案】If artificial intelligence cmpletely replaces human labr, wuldn’t everyne be at risk f unemplyment?
【详解】考查情态动词和状语从句。根据句意可知,本句为if引导的条件状语从句,从句用一般现在时表示将来。“人工智”为artificial intelligence,作主语;“完全地”为 cmpletely,作状语;“取代”为 replace,作谓语;“人类劳动”为 human labr,作宾语。“倘若人工智能完全取代人类劳动”翻译为:倘若人工智能完全取代人类劳动。“那岂不是每个人都面临失业的风险?”表示一种反问和委婉的语气,用wuldn’t+动词原形。“面临风险”为 be at risk f ;“失业”为unemplyment,作宾语。故翻译为:If artificial intelligence cmpletely replaces human labr, wuldn’t everyne be at risk f unemplyment?
例2(2025·上海奉贤·二模)
我们没有泡面了,你下楼的时候去买几包好吗? (grab) (汉译英)
【答案】We dn’t have any instant ndles left. Culd yu please grab a few packs when yu g dwnstairs?
【详解】考查动词短语、固定句型和时间状语从句。根据句意以及句子的提示词可知,表示“没有泡面了”应为动词短语dn’t have any instant ndles left;表示“你能……”应为固定句型Culd yu please...用于礼貌地提出请求;表示“买几包”应为动词短语grab a few packs;后接when引导的时间状语从句,该从句中,表示“当你下楼的时候”可译为when yu g dwnstairs。故翻译为:We dn’t have any instant ndles left. Culd yu please grab a few packs when yu g dwnstairs?
例3(2025·上海奉贤·二模)
如果你感到孤独、迷茫,请务必翻开这本书,它会给你勇气,助你挣脱生活的樊笼,寻到内心的光芒与自由。(which)
【答案】If yu feel lnely and cnfused, be sure t pen this bk, which will give yu the curage t break free frm the cage f life and find the light and freedm in yur heart.
【详解】考查状语从句和定语从句。引导条件状语从句,表示“如果”用if,主语为yu,表示“感到孤独、迷茫”为feel lnely and cnfused,陈述事实用一般现在时;表示“请务必”为肯定祈使句,为be sure t;表示“翻开这本书”为pen this bk;后跟非限制性定语从句修饰先行词bk,在从句作主语,指物,用which;表示“给你做某事的勇气”用give yu the curage t d sth.;表示“助你挣脱生活的樊笼”可用t break free frm the cage f life;表示“寻到内心的光芒与自由”为find the light and freedm in yur heart。从句表示将来的动作用一般将来时。故翻译为If yu feel lnely and cnfused, be sure t pen this bk, which will give yu the curage t break free frm the cage f life and find the light and freedm in yur heart.
例4(2025·上海浦东新·二模)
目前,这部国内很火的电影在海外的上映计划覆盖了澳大利亚、新西兰等国,预售火爆,一票难求。(s... that...)
【答案】Currently, the verseas release plan f the highly ppular film in China has cvered such cuntries as Australia and New Zealand, and its pre-sales have been s ht that even a single ticket is hard t cme by.
【详解】考查状语从句。表示“目前”应用currently;表示“这部国内很火的电影在海外的上映计划”应用the verseas release plan f the highly ppular film in China;表示“覆盖”应用cver,此处表示过去发生的事情对现在产生影响,使用现在完成时,主语为单数名词,助动词用has;表示“澳大利亚、新西兰等国”应用such cuntries as Australia and New Zealand;表示“预售火爆,一票难求”应用its pre-sales have been s ht that even a single ticket is hard t cme by,其中表示“如此……以至于……”应用,引导结果状语从句,cme by为固定搭配,意为“得到”,位于动词不定式符号t后面,使用动词原形,前后句为并列句,需用连词and连接。故翻译成:Currently, the verseas release plan f the highly ppular film in China has cvered such cuntries as Australia and New Zealand, and its pre-sales have been s ht that even a single ticket is hard t cme by.。
例5(2025·上海崇明·二模)
我表姐每次旅行回来, 都会买一些有当地特色的纪念品。(Every time)(汉译英)
【答案】Every time my cusin cmes back frm a trip, she buys sme suvenirs with lcal characteristics.
【详解】考查状语从句。表示“每次”应用every time,引导时间状语从句;表示“我表姐”应用my cusin;表示“旅行回来”应用cme back frm a trip,此处陈述经常性的动作,使用一般现在时;表示“她”应用she;表示“买”应用buy;表示“一些当地有特色的纪念品”应用sme suvenirs with lcal characteristics;主语为第三人称单数,谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故翻译成:Every time my cusin cmes back frm a trip, she buys sme suvenirs with lcal characteristics.。
例6(2025·上海徐汇·二模)
她的行李箱里塞满了纪念品,结果超重了。(stuff) (汉译英)
【答案】Her suitcase/luggage was stuffed with s many suvenirs that it was verweight.
【详解】考查时态和状语从句。“她的行李箱” 表达为 “Her suitcase/luggage”;“塞满” 用动词 “stuff”,这里是 “被塞满” 的意思,所以用被动语态 “be stuffed with”;“纪念品” 是 “suvenirs”;“结果” 可翻译为“引导的结果状语从句”;“超重了” 翻译为 “was verweight”,整体句子描述过去发生的事情,用一般过去时。故翻译为:Her suitcase/luggage was stuffed with s many suvenirs that it was verweight.
例7(2025·上海金山·二模)
在中国,绿色能源发展迅速,越来越多的人选择电动汽车来保护环境和减少污染。(evlve) (汉译英)
【答案】In China, green energy evlves rapidly, as mre peple chse electric cars t prtect the envirnment and reduce pllutin.
【详解】考查动词、时态和原因状语从句。“在中国”作地点状语,可用介宾短语in China表示;“绿色能源发展迅速”是主句,主语“绿色能源”用green energy,谓语“发展”用动词evlve,句子描述现在的客观情况,用一般现在时态,主语是不可数名词,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式evlves,“迅速”作状语,用副词rapidly;“越来越多的人选择电动汽车来保护环境和减少污染”可处理为从属连词as引导的原因状语从句,主语“越来越多的人”用mre peple,谓语“选择”用动词chse,句子描述现在的客观情况,用一般现在时态,宾语“电动汽车”用名词短语electric cars,“来保护环境和减少污染”作目的状语,用动词不定式短语t prtect the envirnment and reduce pllutin。综上,全句译为:In China, green energy evlves rapidly, as mre peple chse electric cars t prtect the envirnment and reduce pllutin.
例8(2025·上海宝山·二模)
日常用品价格涨得越高,人们的生活压力就越大。( the mre)
【答案】The mre the prices f daily necessities rise, the mre pressure it puts n peple’s lives.
【详解】考查状语从句,时态和主谓一致。“越……越……”是固定句型“the mre…the mre…”,“日常用品价格”是the prices f daily necessities,“涨”是rise,句子描述客观事实,时态用一般现在时,主语prices是复数,因此rise用原形,“人们的生活压力”是pressure it puts n peple’s lives,其中包括一个that/which引导的定语从句,可省略that/which。故答案为The mre the prices f daily necessities rise, the mre pressure it puts n peple’s lives.
例9(2025·上海宝山·二模)
虽然学校餐厅人潮拥挤,但排队的队伍井然有序,学生们打好饭都能找到一张桌子坐下来用餐。(rder)
【答案】Althugh the schl cafeteria was crwded, the waiting lines were still in gd rder and all the students culd find a table t sit at after they gt their fd.
【详解】考查让步状语从句,时态,固定短语,时间状语从句和主谓一致。句子描述过去的事情,时态用一般过去时,“虽然”是althugh,引导让步状语从句,“学校餐厅”是the schl cafeteria,“人潮拥挤”是be crwded,主语the schl cafeteria是单数,因此be动词用was,“排队的队伍”是the waiting lines,“(仍然)井然有序”是be still in gd rder,主语lines是复数,be动词用were,“学生们都能”是all the students culd,“找到一张桌子坐下来用餐”是find a table t sit at,“打好饭”是after they gt their fd,after引导的时间状语从句。故答案为Althugh the schl cafeteria was crwded, the waiting lines were still in gd rder and all the students culd find a table t sit at after they gt their fd.
例10(2025·上海普陀·二模)
不必焦虑,包粽子虽看似复杂,其实只要依循步骤操作,便能轻松掌握这一传统手艺。(craft)(汉译英)
【答案】There is n need t wrry, because making Zngzi seems cmplex, but in fact we will be able t master this traditinal craft with ease as lng as we fllw the directins.
Dn’t be anxius. Althugh making Zngzi seems cmplicated, in fact, as lng as yu fllw the instructins, yu can easily master this traditinal craft.
【详解】考查固定句式、原因状语从句、条件状语从句和短语。“不必焦虑”可使用固定句式“there is n need t wrry”,描述一般性事实用一般现在时态。“包粽子虽看似复杂,其实只要依循步骤操作,便能轻松掌握这一传统手艺”是不必焦虑的原因,可处理成because引导的原因状语从句,其中“包粽子虽看似复杂”是从句中的分句,主语“包粽子”用动名词短语“making Zngzi”,“看似复杂”用“seem cmplex”,是系表结构,描述一般性事实用一般现在时态seems cmplex;“其实只要依循步骤操作,便能轻松掌握这一传统手艺”是并列分句,与前一分句之间有转折关系,用连词but连接,“其实”用介词短语“in fact”作状语,“只要依循步骤操作,便能轻松掌握这一传统手艺”需要处理为带条件状语从句的主从复合句,主句“便能轻松掌握这一传统手艺”中补充主语we,译为we will be able t master this traditinal craft with ease,条件状语从句“只要依循步骤操作”可译为as lng as we fllw the directins。综上,全句译为:There is n need t wrry, because making Zngzi seems cmplex, but in fact we will be able t master this traditinal craft with ease as lng as we fllw the directins.
例11 (2025·上海青浦·二模)
随着越来越多的人向往自然,崇尚简单和谐的生活方式,该县户外经济蓬勃发展,其收入有望在明年年底达到全县总收入的百分之十二。 (expect) (汉译英)
【答案】As an increasing number f peple lng fr nature and embrace simple and harmnius lifestyles, the utdr ecnmy prspers in that cunty, whse incme is expected t take up 12 percent f the ttal incme f the cunty by the end f next year.
【详解】考查时间状语从句、名词短语、动词短语和定语从句。根据句意以及句子的提示词可知,该句应为连词As表示“随着……”引导的时间状语从句,在该从句中,表示“越来越多的人”应为名词短语an increasing number f peple;表示“向往”应为动词短语lng fr;表示“崇尚简单和谐的生活方式”应为动词短语embrace simple and harmnius lifestyles;在主句中,表示“那个县的户外经济很繁荣”可译为the utdr ecnmy prspers in that cunty;后接关系代词whse引导定语从句,对先行词cunty的修饰,表示“有望做某事”应为动词短语be expected t d;表示“达到全县总收入的百分之十二”应为动词短语take up 12 percent f the ttal incme f the cunty;表示“明年年底”应为介词短语by the end f next year。故翻译为:As an increasing number f peple lng fr nature and embrace simple and harmnius lifestyles, the utdr ecnmy prspers in that cunty, whse incme is expected t take up 12 percent f the ttal incme f the cunty by the end f next year.
例12 (2025·上海黄浦·二模)
这位知名作家推荐的书广受追捧,现已售罄。(s)(汉译英)
【答案】The bk recmmended by this famus authr is s ppular that it is nw ut f stck/sld ut.
【详解】考查状语从句、过去分词以及固定短语。根据句意,该句讲述的是客观事实,所以使用一般现在时,结合提示的s可知,该句使用“s…that…”引导的结果状语从句;表示“这位知名作家推荐的书”作主语,表示“书”为the bk,表示“知名作家推荐的”为定语修饰the bk,recmmend by this famus authr与主语the bk之间为被动关系,所以此处使用过去分词短语作定语,即the bk recmmended by this famus authr,位于句首单词首字母需大写;表示“广受追捧”可理解为“如此受欢迎”为s ppular作表语,谓语动词为is;表示“现已售罄”为it is nw ut f stck或者it is nw sld ut,后者为一般现在时的被动语态。故翻译为The bk recmmended by this famus authr is s ppular that it is nw ut f stck/sld ut.
例13 (2025·上海黄浦·二模)
当你知道这些交通工具和旅行线路背后的故事,你一定会惊叹人类一直以来是多么富有冒险精神。(amazed)
【答案】When yu knw the stries behind these means f transprtatin and travel rutes, yu will definitely be amazed at hw adventurus humans have always been.
【详解】考查时间状语从句,时态,感叹句,主谓一致和固定短语。“当你知道这些交通工具和旅行线路背后的故事”用when引导的时间状语从句,用一般现在时表将来,主语是yu,谓语动词“知道”是knw,用原形,“……背后的故事”是the stries behind...,“这些交通工具和旅行线路”是these means f transprtatin and travel rutes,“你一定会”是yu will definitely,“惊叹”是be amazed at,“多么富有冒险精神”是hw adventurus,“人类一直以来”用现在完成时,翻译为humans have always been,hw adventurus humans have always been是感叹句作宾语从句,句首单词首字母大写。故答案为When yu knw the stries behind these means f transprtatin and travel rutes, yu will definitely be amazed at hw adventurus humans have always been.
思维建模 先主干再嵌词;检三处套句型
01.先译主干,再嵌连词,保持主将从现/主过从过/主祈从现等固定时态搭配。
02.检三处:连词逻辑是否唯一,时态呼应是否正确,倒装/省略是否合规。
03.套句型:
• 时间/条件:Once/When/If…, … will…
• 让步:Althugh/While…, …
• 目的:… s that … can/may…
• 结果:s + adj./adv. + that …
翻译
1.(2022·上海·高考真题)他已经几十年没见过如此壮美的日出了。(since) (汉译英)
【答案】It is/It has been decades since he saw such a magnificent sunrise/s magnificent a sunshine.
Or: Decades has passed since he last witnessed the impsing/ glrius/ splendid/impressive/ spectacular sunrise.
Or: He hasn't seen such a magnificent sunrise in decades/ since decades ag.
【详解】考查动词时态、形容词和状语从句。解析第一句:主句是“有好几年”,从句是since引导的状语从句,从句动词用一般过去时,主句用现在完成时或者it is+一段时间,所以主句翻译为“It is/It has been decades”,从句中主语是he,谓语是“看见”用saw,“如此壮丽的日出”用“such+冠词+形容词+名词”表示或者“s+形容词+冠词+名词”,翻译为“such a magnificent sunrise”,或者翻译为“s magnificent a sunshine”。故翻译为It is/It has been decades since he saw such a magnificent sunrise/s magnificent a sunshine. Or: Decades has passed since he last witnessed the impsing/ glrius/ splendid/impressive/ spectacular sunrise. Or: He hasn't seen such a magnificent sunrise in decades/ since decades ag.
2.(2022·上海·高考真题)每逢节假日,我们都会去郊区露营,为的就是享受悠闲惬意的生活。(汉译英)
【答案】(During) every hliday / (On) every hliday, we always g/will g camping in the suburbs s that we can enjy a leisurely cmfrtable/relaxing and cmfrtable life.
【详解】考查时态、目的状语从句和固定短语。表示“每逢节假日”可用“During every hliday”或“On every hliday”,可以省略介词“During”或“On”,作时间状语,句首单词首字母大写,“we”作主语,表示“我们”,作主语,句子可用一般现在时,表示习惯性动作,谓语动词为“always g camping”,也可用一般将来时,强调将来的动作,谓语动词为“will g camping”,“in the suburbs”表示“去郊区”,作地点状语,后接“s that”引导的目的状语从句,“we can enjy”表示“我们能够享受”,“leisurely cmfrtable life”或“relaxing and cmfrtable life”表示“悠闲惬意的生活”,“s that we can enjy a leisurely cmfrtable/relaxing and cmfrtable life”表示“为的就是享受悠闲惬意的生活”。故翻译为(During) every hliday / (On) every hliday, we always g/will g camping in the suburbs s that we can enjy a leisurely cmfrtable/relaxing and cmfrtable life.
3.(2021·上海·高考真题)载人飞船在太空遨游一周后,终于安全着陆,那一刻,原本寂静无声的发射中心一片欢腾。(汉译英)
【答案】The instant the manned spacecraft landed safely after a week’s travel in space, the previusly silent launching center burst int cheers.
【详解】考查时间状语从句和时态。根据句意可使用the instant引导的时间状语从句,意为“一……就……”,从句主语载人飞船译为“the manned spacecraft”,谓语用动词land,用一般过去时,表示过去发生的事情,安全用副词safely修饰动词,遨游一周后为时间状语,译为“after a week’s travel”,在太空为地点状语,译为“in space ”,主句主语是原本寂静无声的发射中心译为“the previusly silent launching center ”,一片欢腾谓语用短语burst int cheers。故翻译为The instant the manned spacecraft landed safely after a week’s travel in space, the previusly silent launching center burst int cheers.
4.(2021·上海·高考真题)羽毛球馆里空无一人,为什么灯还亮着? (汉译英)
【答案】Since there is nne/n ne in the badmintn stadium, hw cme the lights are still n?
【详解】考查状语从句和固定句型。句子陈述目前事实,应用一般现在时态,表示“在羽毛球馆里”应译为in the badmintn stadium;“空无一人”表示的是存在,所以使用there be句型,应译为there is nne/n ne;根据句意可知,主从句表示的是因果关系,所以使用since“既然”引导原因状语从句;表示“为什么,怎么回事儿”应译为hw cme;表示“灯还亮着”应译为the lights are still n。故翻译为Since there is nne/n ne in the badmintn stadium, hw cme the lights are still n?
5.(2020·上海·高考真题)就像那个小册子介绍的那样,这里的司机有礼让行人的习惯。(as) (汉译英)
【答案】The drivers here are used t being plite t pedestrians as the brchure intrduces.
Or Divers here all have the habit f patiently waiting fr pedestrians t g first as instructed in the bklet.
【详解】考查时态、定语从句和固定短语。结合语境应用一般现在时。根据汉语意思“礼让行人”可知短语为be plite t pedestrians/ patiently wait fr pedestrians t g first;表示“习惯于做某事”可用be used t ding sth;表示“有……的习惯”可用have the habit f ding sth;所以“这里的司机有礼让行人的习惯”可译为The drivers here are used t being plite t pedestrians/Divers here all have the habit f patiently waiting fr pedestrians t g first。表示“正如”可用as引导定语从句或方式状语从句,“就像那个小册子介绍的那样”可译为as the brchure intrduces/as instructed in the bklet。故翻译为The drivers here are used t being plite t/giving way t/yielding t pedestrians as the brchure intrduces. 或者Divers here all have the habit f patiently waiting fr pedestrians t g first as instructed in the bklet。
6.(2020·上海·高考真题)当这首歌在今年的艺术节上首发时,因为它节奏明快,风格诙谐而引起轰动,然而这只 是昙花一现。(when) (汉译英)
【答案】When the sng’s released first at this year’s festival, it caused a sensatin because f its bright rhythm and humrus style, but it was nly a flash in the pan.
Or When the sng’s a hit when released at this year’s festival, it caused a sensatin because f its cheer rhythm and humrus style, hwever, which was nly a flash in the pan.
【详解】考查时态语态,从句和短语。“当……时”译为when,引导时间状语从句;从句主语“这首歌”译为this sng;谓语“发行”译为release,“当这首歌发行时”译为When the sng's released 也可译为the sng's hit when released,hit为“面世并产生影响”;when released为状语从句的省略;照应主语以及句意,应为单数,被动语态,一般过去时;“首次”译为first;“在今年艺术节上”译为at this year’s art festival;主句“它引发轰动”译为it caused a sensatin ,照应时态,应为一般过去时;“因为节奏明快,风格诙谐”译为介词短语作原因状语because f its brightly/cheer rhythm and humrus witty style;“然而”译为转折连词but或者hwever;“昙花一现”译为be nly a flash in the pan,照应时态,应为一般过去时,hwever是副词,可使用which引导定语从句。故翻译为When the sng’s released first at this year’s festival, it caused a sensatin because f its bright rhythm and humrus style, but it was nly a flash in the pan. Or When the sng’s a hit when released at this year’s festival, it caused a sensatin because f its cheer rhythm and humrus style, hwever, which was nly a flash in the pan.
7.(2021·上海·高考真题)打喷嚏的时候务必用纸巾遮住口鼻。(D) (汉译英)
【答案】D cver yur nse and muth with a tissue when yu sneeze.
【详解】考查强调句和固定短语。此处为肯定祈使句,且强调句谓语cver,前面用d;表示“用……遮住”短语为cver with;表示“口鼻”翻译为nse and muth;表示“用纸巾”应用with a tissue;后跟when引导时间状语从句,表示“打喷嚏”应用动词sneeze,为一般现在时。故翻译为D cver yur nse and muth with a tissue when yu sneeze.
8.(2008·上海·高考真题)尽管正遭受如此严重的自然灾害,但只要不灰心,我们终会克服暂时的困难。(Althugh...)
【答案】Althugh we are suffering such a severe natural disaster, we will eventually vercme the temprary difficulty as lng as we dn’t lse heart.
【详解】考查状语从句和时态。分析句子可知,本句为althugh引导的让步状语从句,从句为现在进行时;主句含有as lng as“只要”引导的条件状语从句,从句用一般现在时,主句用一般将来时。suffer such a severe natural disaster“遭受如此严重的自然灾害”,lse heart“ 灰心丧气”,vercme“ 克服”。再根据其它汉语提示。故翻译为:Althugh we are suffering such a severe natural disaster, we will eventually vercme the temprary difficulty as lng as we dn’t lse heart.
考点要求
考察形式
近年考题
1.连词精辨:时间(when/while/as、until、befr e)、条件(if/unless/nce)、让步(thugh/althugh/while、even if/thugh、whatever)、目的(s that/in rder that)、结果(s…that)、方式(as/as if)等。
2.语序与时态:主将从现、主祈从现、主过从过等固定搭配。
3.省略与倒装:主从主语一致且含 be 时可省;形容词/副词/名词+as/thugh 的倒装让步结构。
4.易混结构:until vs nt until 倒装;s that 目的 vs 结果;while 时间 vs 让步 vs 并列对比。
5.非谓语转化:when/while/if/thugh + ding/dne 作省略状语从句。
语法填空题
句子翻译题
【2023上海秋考】One day, a dispute arse in the kingdm, Tw farmers were arguing abut the wnership f a piece f land, They culd nt settle the matter themselves ( 24 )__________each claimed the land was theirs. The case was brught befre King Msi, wh was knwn fr his fair judgments.
【答案】 24.because
【解析】考查连词。分析句子结构可知,空格前是主调宾结构的简单句,空格后是含宾语从句的句子,因此这里需要填入一个连词。又根据上下文提及的They culd ntsettle the matter themselves 和 each claimed the land was theirs 可推知“他们自己无法解决这个问题是因为他们每个人都声称这块土地是他们的”,because表示原因,故此处填入because。
【2023上海春考】(22)__________ it develped slwly in its early years, the rganizatin grew rapidly later.
【答案】22. Althugh/Thugh/While
【解析】考查让步状语从句。"althugh/thugh/while"表示让步关系,引导让步状语从句,意为"尽管"。根据原文句子结构和语境判断。
【2022年春考】 And ( 27 )_________this happens. we see the beautiful lines r cluds f light f the aurra.
【答案】27.when/as
[解析]考查时间状语从句。本段一开始提到“Why des the aurra happen? (为什么会发生极光?)”,可知本段解释了极光是如何发生的,那么此处说的应是“当这种情况发生时,我们就会看到美丽的极光线或云”,这是一个时间状语从句,故填入“when/as”。句意:当这种情况发生时,我们就会看到美丽的极光线或云。
【2021年秋考】(23)________ it is unfamiliar, health wrkers may nt identify it r stp it frm spreading. Peple with the disease may cntinue t have cntact with thers. In this way, the bacteria travel frm persn t persn thrugh the ppulatin. This was ( 24 )__________happened, fr example, when sldiers travelled back hme at the end f the First Wrld War.
【答案】23.Because/ Since/ As
【解析】考查原因状语从句。结合下文可知,该句下文讲述的是相关结果,即推知前文在讲述原因。再结合句子结构分析,该空所在句子结构完整,且与主句用逗号隔开,即此处为状语从句,故此处填入 Because/ Since/As 引导原因状语从句。
考情分析:
题型:语法填空 1-2 空;翻译或完形中隐性考查。
高频重现:
– nt…until 倒装(2022 语法填空)
– s that 结果状语从句(2023 完形)
– while/thugh 让步倒装(2024 语法填空)
分值:每空 1 分,合计 2-3 分/年。
复习目标:
1.根据逻辑确定从句类型并能判断连词;
2.熟记九类状语从句高频连词及固定句型(nt until 倒装、s…that、as/thugh 倒装等);
3.完成近 5 年上海卷状语从句真题+一模二模同类题,确保零失误。
种类
连接词
注意点
时间
状语
when, whenever, while, as, befre, after,nt.. until, till, every time; each time;by the time, as sn as, nce(一旦)
hardly/scarcely…when, n sner…than, (一就...)
the mment/the minute/ immediately/directly/instantly
主句表示将来意义时,从句须用一般现在时;while引导的从句中动词一般是延续性的;until用在肯定句中主句动词是延续性的,而否定句中主句动词为短暂性的。
地点
状语
where, wherever
原因
状语
because, as, since, nw that(既然)
because语气最强,since较弱,表示大家都明了的原因,as又次之。
条件
状语
if, unless, nce, as(s) lng as,(只要)
n cnditin that(只要), prvided (that)suppse / suppsing(假设)
从句中动词时态不可用将来时,常用一般时代替
目的
状语
s that, in rder that, fr fear that(以免),in case(万一), lest唯恐
s that和in rder that后常接may, shuld, culd, wuld等情态动词
结果
状语
s that, s…that, such…that
s + 形容词或副词+ that
such + 名词+ that
比较
状语
than, (just) as; as…as, nt s/as…as, the mre…the mre
方式
状语
as if/as thugh(好像), as
as if 和as thugh引导的从句一般用虚拟语气。
让步
状语
thugh, althugh, even if/even thugh(即使) , as, whether… r(无论...还是...)while(尽管)
whatever, whever, whichever, whenever, hwever,
n matter+ what/ wh/ hw/ when
as在让步状语从句中常用倒装形式;althugh和thugh可和yet/still连用,但不可和but连用;如果主句用一般将来时,从句通常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
I thught her nice and hnest the first time I met her.
=I thught her nice and hnest I met her fr the first time.
注意:the first time放在句中,fr the first time放在句末。
形容词
+ as/thugh+ 主语+谓语
副词
动词
名词
相关学案
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