高考英语一轮-构词法（专项训练）（全国通用）（学生版）

这是一份高考英语一轮-构词法（专项训练）（全国通用）（学生版），共16页。
TOC \ "1-2" \h \u \l "_Tc17943" 01 课标达标练
\l "_Tc16505" 考向01考查派生
\l "_Tc1965" 考向02考查形容词后缀
\l "_Tc1965" 考向03考查副词后缀
\l "_Tc1965" 考向04考查名词后缀
\l "_Tc1965" 考向05考查转化与合成
\l "_Tc20184" 02 核心突破练
\l "_Tc5699" 03 真题溯源练
考向01 考查派生
在空白处填入括号内单词的适当形式。
1．Quickly gaining (ppular) t be a must-visit spt fr travellers, Eiffel Twer is pen all year lng and never sees a shrtage f queues.
2．If yu are planning t cme t Pland as a (tur), yu will have plenty f interesting places t visit.
3．Deep sleep is vitally imprtant fr verall physical health and recvery frm injury r (ill).
4．There’s n less (innvate) ging n at the farm like this rbt plant nurse which can inspect 50 acres f rw crps fr diseases, pests, r ther issues.
5．Mr. Knspe is a slid prfessinal dcumentary (phtgraph), nt an artist with wrks in museums.
6．The main reasn the native Sri Lankan Legume Tree went extinct was due t habitat lss frm (develp) in the 20th century.
7．Researchers believe that watching live sprting events can imprve well-being and reduce (lnely).
8．The failure was a big blw t him, but anyhw he wasn’t (curage) and sn gt as enthusiastic as ever.
9．They say Mr Chen is a friendly, sensitive, caring and (determine) persn.
10．Chinese tea culture started abut 4000 years ag and gradually became an (amaze) traditin.
11．The principles f develping new habits thrugh “everyday actins” are a much mre (effect) way t change yur life — ne step at a time.
12．We were s frustrated because we were __ (verwhelming) defeated by the N.1 schl team.
13．She is a (remarkable) determined plitician.
14．Thinking like Da Vinci, thrugh the use f exercises, drawing and hnesty, helps t guide us t be the peple we (true) are in a wrld f fg, nise and traffic.
15．Kaplan is a wrldwide (educatin) service prvider, ffering academic and career advancement pprtunities fr students.
考向02 考查形容词后缀
1．Because West Lake is an area f utstanding natural beauty, the number f bats available fr hire n the lake is (limit).
【答案】limited
【句型】考查形容词作表语。句意：因为西湖是一个自然美景出众的地区，在湖上可供租用的船只数量有限。设空处跟在系动词后面作表语，且根据句意可知，设空处意为“有限的”，所以要用limited。故填limited。
2．I dn’t think a man’s main missin in life is t earn as much mney as pssible. My dream is t live a mre (meaning) life.
【答案】meaningful
【句型】考查形容词。句意：我认为一个人生活的主要使命不是尽可能多地赚钱。我的梦想是过更有意义的生活。空处修饰名词life，应用形容词形式meaningful“有意义的”，与空前的mre构成形容词的比较级形式，作前置定语。故填meaningful。
3．It’s vital that yu feel (cmfrt) at a cllege f yur chice and the setting f a cllege culd impact what yur cmfrt level is.
【答案】cmfrtable
【句型】考查形容词。句意：在你选择的大学里感到舒适是至关重要的，而大学的环境会影响你的舒适程度。根据空前的系动词“feel”可知，此处需用形容词作表语，cmfrt为名词或动词，意为“安慰；舒适”，其形容词形式是cmfrtable，意为“舒适的”，符合语境。故填cmfrtable。
4．T keep themselves (wake), peple sat tgether and tld each ther stries.
【答案】awake
【句型】考查形容词。句意：为了保持清醒，人们坐在一起互相讲故事。 根据固定搭配“keep + 宾语 + 形容词”，意为“使……保持某种状态”，此处需用wake的形容词形式awake“醒着的”，作宾语补足语，说明themselves的状态。故填awake。
5．Chinese characters have been adapted int (digit) frm in the mdern era.
【答案】digital
【句型】考查形容词。句意：在现代，汉字已经被改编成数字形式。根据空后的名词“frm”可知，此处需用形容词作定语，digit为名词，意为“数字”，其形容词形式是digital，意为“数字的”。故填digital。
6．Making a (decide) chice between ging n with educatin and starting a jb right away is nt an easy task.
【答案】decisive
【句型】考查形容词。句意：在继续接受教育和立即开始工作之间做出果断的决定并非易事。此处为形容词作定语，根据空前不定冠词a和空后的名词chice可知，空处需用decide的形容词形式decisive作定语修饰名词chice，意为“果断的，坚决的”，make a decisive chice意为“做出果断的决定”，符合题意。故填decisive。
7．Our schl always aims t create an (include) envirnment where every student feels valued and respected.
【答案】inclusive
【句型】考查形容词。句意：我们学校始终致力于创造一个包容的环境，让每个学生都感到自己受到重视和尊重。本空修饰名词envirnment，作前置定语，应用形容词inclusive“包容的”。故填inclusive。
8．The files in the ffice cupbard were kept in an (rder) system, making it easy t find any dcument.
【答案】rderly
【句型】考查形容词。句意：办公室橱柜里的文件都按照一定的顺序摆放着，这样就能方便地找到任何一份文件了。修饰名词system用形容词rderly，故填rderly。
9．Maria is (gift) at languages and can speak five different languages fluently.
【答案】gifted
【解析】考查形容词。句意：玛丽亚有语言天赋，能流利地说五种语言。be gifted at表示“在……方面有天赋”。故填gifted。
10．The girl’s family was very (supprt) when she decided t pursue her dream f becming an artist, encuraging her every step f the way.
【答案】supprtive
【详解】考查形容词。句意：当这个女孩决定追求成为艺术家的梦想时，她的家人给予了极大的支持，一路上一直鼓励着她。作表语，用形容词supprtive，故填supprtive。
1．The Harmny OS des have sme bugs but (basic) it’s a gd system. Otherwise, it wuld nt be accepted by the market.
【答案】basically
【详解】考查副词。句意：Harmny操作系统确实有一些bug，但基本上它是一个不错的系统。否则，就不会被市场所接受。设空处修饰句子“it’s a gd system”，应用副词作状语，故填basically。
2．Turism is an industry that has a (necessary) clse cnnectin with gvernments.
【答案】necessarily
【详解】考查副词。句意：旅游业是一个与政府有着必然紧密联系的行业。设空处应填副词形式作状语，修饰形容词clse，所给词necessary的副词形式是necessarily，意为“必然地”，符合句意。故填necessarily。
3．The sunds f the firewrks were (terrible) annying. I was wken up by the nise quite a few times.
【答案】terribly
【详解】考查副词。句意：烟花的声音非常令人讨厌。我被噪音吵醒了好几次。设空处应填副词作状语，修饰形容词annying，terrible的副词形式是terribly，意为“非常，极其”。故填terribly。
4．I dn’t think I am ging t the park tday. Firstly, I am feeling a bit tired and need a break. (secnd), I have been there several times befre.
【答案】Secndly
【详解】考查副词。句意：我想我今天不去公园了。首先，我觉得有点累，需要休息一下。其次，我以前去过好几次。空格处需要一个副词来承接上文的“Firstly(首先)”，表示顺序上的“其次、第二”，应用副词secndly作状语，修饰整句话，位于句首，首字母大写，故填Secndly。
5．The rads are (special) built fr the disabled t ensure they can mve arund safely and cnveniently.
【答案】specially
【详解】考查副词。句意：这些道路是专门为残疾人修建的，以确保他们能够安全、方便地出行。空处需用副词作状语修饰动词built；special的副词为specially，意为“专门地”。故填specially。
6．It’s true that (current) there are mre peple applying fr each available jb pening.
【答案】currently
【详解】考查副词。句意：的确，目前申请每一个空缺职位的人更多了。分析句子结构可知，空处需用副词作状语修饰整个句子；current的副词形式为currently，意为“目前，当前”，符合语境语法。故填currently。
7．This has nt been a (ntable) successful prject.
【答案】ntably
【详解】考查副词。句意：这不是一个特别成功的项目。successful是形容词，需要用副词来修饰，ntable的副词形式是ntably。故填ntably。
8．All 132 passengers died (instant) when the plane slammed int (重重地撞上) the muntain.
【答案】instantly
【详解】考查副词。句意：当飞机撞到山上时，所有132名乘客当场死亡。空处修饰动词died，应用副词instantly，意为“立刻，马上”，作状语。故填instantly。
9． (subsequent) , she’d be given mre wrk and greater respnsibilities.
【答案】Subsequently
【详解】考查副词。句意：随后，她将被赋予更多的工作和更大的责任。空处修饰后文整个句子，提示词的副词形式subsequently“随后”符合题意，作状语；位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Subsequently。
10．The experienced painter clred the detailed picture (effrtless), making the whle scene cme t life.
【答案】effrtlessly
【详解】考查副词。句意：这位经验丰富的画家毫不费力地给这幅细节丰富的画作上色，让整个画面栩栩如生。这里需要一个副词来修饰动词clred，effrtless是形容词，意为“不费力的；容易的”，其副词形式为effrtlessly，表示“毫不费力地”，符合语境。故填effrtlessly。
1．The detailed (analyze) f the data reveals sme surprising trends in cnsumer behavir.
【答案】analysis
【详解】考查名词。句意：对数据的详细分析揭示了消费者行为中一些令人惊讶的趋势。提示词作主语，用名词analysis，意为“分析”，结合谓语动词“reveals”可知，主语是单数名词。故填analysis。
2．Last night, a strange (happen) at the abandned factry left the lcals puzzled and sparked intense debates amng them.
【答案】happening
【详解】考查名词。句意：昨晚，在废弃工厂发生了一件奇怪的事情，这让当地人感到困惑，并在他们之间引发了激烈的辩论。设空处需要填入名词来充当句子的主语，指代“发生的事情”。happen转换为名词形式 happening，意为“发生的事情，事件”。故填 happening。
3．Our science teacher gave us a detailed (explain) f the scientific cntent very patiently, using varius examples t help us understand it clearly.
【答案】explanatin
【详解】考查名词。句意：我们的科学老师非常耐心地给我们详细解释了科学内容，并用各种例子帮助我们清楚地理解它。根据空前的形容词“detailed”可知，此处需用名词作宾语，explain为动词，意为“解释”，其名词形式是explanatin，意为“解释”，且由不定冠词“a”可知，应用单数形式。故填explanatin。
4．A diverse diet with the (include) f varius fruits and vegetables is imprtant fr maintaining gd health.
【答案】inclusin
【详解】考查名词。句意：均衡的饮食中应包含各种各样的水果和蔬菜，这对于保持身体健康非常重要。根据空格前的the和空格后的f可知，空格处应该用名词inclusin作介词with的宾语。故填inclusin。
5．Every market twn in England has a (persn) shaped by the gds and services prduced and traded fr centuries.
【答案】persnality
【详解】考查名词。句意：英格兰的每个集镇都有其因数百年来生产和交易的商品及服务而形成的独特特质。这里需要一个名词作宾语，persn的名词为persnality表示“特质，个性”。故填persnality。
6．The (pay) fr the curse is due by the end f this mnth, s please make sure t transfer the mney n time.
【答案】payment
【详解】考查名词。句意：该课程的费用需在本月月底前支付完毕，所以请务必按时转账。根据空格前的The可知，此处应该用提示词的名词形式payment作主语。故填payment。
7．The (run) finished the marathn in just under three hurs, setting a new persnal recrd.
【答案】runner
【详解】考查名词。句意：这个赛跑者在不到三个小时内完成了马拉松，创造了新的个人记录。空格处需填入一个名词作为主语，指代“完成马拉松的人”，使用名词runner，根据setting a new persnal recrd可知，用单数。故填runner。
8．I attended a (present) by wildlife cnservatinist Grant Brwn at my high schl.
【答案】presentatin
【详解】考查名词。句意：我在高中时参加了野生动物保护主义者格兰特・布朗的一场演讲。作动词的宾语，表示“演讲”用名词presentatin，不定冠词提示用单数。故填presentatin。
9．I liked traveling in France, but when it came t picking my favrite spt t settle, Italy was the clear (win).
【答案】winner
【详解】考查名词。句意：我喜欢在法国旅行，但说到选择我最喜欢的定居地点，意大利显然是最佳选项。根据空前的定冠词“the”和形容词“clear”可知，此处需用名词作表语，win为动词，意为“赢”，其名词形式是winner，意为“赢家”，结合语境可知，此处指意大利是“赢家、最佳选项”，应用单数形式。故填winner。
10．The lcal museum invited a histry (special) t give a lecture n ancient civilizatins.
【答案】specialist
【详解】考查名词。句意：当地博物馆邀请了一位历史专家来做一场关于古代文明的讲座。提示词作宾语，结合句意，表示“专家”，用单数specialist。故填specialist。
考向02 考查形容词后缀
1．Because West Lake is an area f utstanding natural beauty, the number f bats available fr hire n the lake is (limit).
2．I dn’t think a man’s main missin in life is t earn as much mney as pssible. My dream is t live a mre (meaning) life.
3．It’s vital that yu feel (cmfrt) at a cllege f yur chice and the setting f a cllege culd impact what yur cmfrt level is.
4．T keep themselves (wake), peple sat tgether and tld each ther stries.
5．Chinese characters have been adapted int (digit) frm in the mdern era.
6．Making a (decide) chice between ging n with educatin and starting a jb right away is nt an easy task.
7．Our schl always aims t create an (include) envirnment where every student feels valued and respected.
8．The files in the ffice cupbard were kept in an (rder) system, making it easy t find any dcument.
9．Maria is (gift) at languages and can speak five different languages fluently.
10．The girl’s family was very (supprt) when she decided t pursue her dream f becming an artist, encuraging her every step f the way.
考向03 考查副词后缀
1．The Harmny OS des have sme bugs but (basic) it’s a gd system. Otherwise, it wuld nt be accepted by the market.
2．Turism is an industry that has a (necessary) clse cnnectin with gvernments.
3．The sunds f the firewrks were (terrible) annying. I was wken up by the nise quite a few times.
4．I dn’t think I am ging t the park tday. Firstly, I am feeling a bit tired and need a break. (secnd), I have been there several times befre.
5．The rads are (special) built fr the disabled t ensure they can mve arund safely and cnveniently.
6．It’s true that (current) there are mre peple applying fr each available jb pening.
7．This has nt been a (ntable) successful prject.
8．All 132 passengers died (instant) when the plane slammed int (重重地撞上) the muntain.
9． (subsequent) , she’d be given mre wrk and greater respnsibilities.
10．The experienced painter clred the detailed picture (effrtless), making the whle scene cme t life.
考向04 考查名词后缀
1．The detailed (analyze) f the data reveals sme surprising trends in cnsumer behavir.
2．Last night, a strange (happen) at the abandned factry left the lcals puzzled and sparked intense debates amng them.
3．Our science teacher gave us a detailed (explain) f the scientific cntent very patiently, using varius examples t help us understand it clearly.
4．A diverse diet with the (include) f varius fruits and vegetables is imprtant fr maintaining gd health.
5．Every market twn in England has a (persn) shaped by the gds and services prduced and traded fr centuries.
6．The (pay) fr the curse is due by the end f this mnth, s please make sure t transfer the mney n time.
7．The (run) finished the marathn in just under three hurs, setting a new persnal recrd.
8．I attended a (present) by wildlife cnservatinist Grant Brwn at my high schl.
9．I liked traveling in France, but when it came t picking my favrite spt t settle, Italy was the clear (win).
10．The lcal museum invited a histry (special) t give a lecture n ancient civilizatins.
考向05 考查转化与合成
在空白处填入画线单词的正确含义。
After users delete messages r empty the trash, they must cmpact their mail database n the server.
When yu charge the battery, irns will flw thrugh the liquid.
3.I tk a picture f the vase and psted it nline, fr $10. A cuple f messages came in, ne wanting additinal phts, anther asking fr a price cut.
4.We shuld be lking int upgrading drinking water treatment plants s they remve micrplastics.
5.He seems quiet, but like still waters, he runs deep with knwledge.
6.McMath is a junir at Beechwd High Schl. He was in the cast f “Tm Sawyer" when it was first perfrmed and is a Children's Theatre regular, with five shws t his credit.
7.Dn’t be crss with him—after all，he meant t help.
Yu can als find students n the class discussin bard t rganize a study grup, r schedule in-persn meeting s with yur prfessr t discuss curse cncepts.
9.They surveyed several hundred park-gers, asking them t submit a written summary nline f eaningful interactin they had with nature in the park.
10.This research verturns the ppular view that all human speech sunds were present when human beings evlved arund 300，000 years ag.
题型 理解长难句
分析句子成分，并翻译下列句子。
1.The new plicy, which is aimed at reducing carbn emissins by prmting the use f renewable energy surces, stimulating public transprtatin develpment, and encuraging energy - efficient building designs, has faced strng ppsitin frm sme industries that are heavily reliant n fssil fuels and are cncerned abut the ptential ecnmic impacts n their peratins.
分析：
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句意：
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2. One study published last year, which analyzed the lifestyles f mre than tw hundred and seventy-six thusand male and female United States veterans, fund that adpting eight healthy behavirs culd add up t twenty-fur years t peple's lives.
分析：
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句意：
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3. An increasing number f scientists, wh are dedicated t explring the mysteries f the universe, believe that the discvery f gravitatinal waves, which can prvide crucial insights int the nature f black hles and the early universe, marks a significant milestne in the field f astrphysics.
分析：
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句意：
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4.As gvernments struggle t enfrce emissin reductin targets amid rising glbal temperatures, energy cnglmerates persist in delaying renewable energy transitins, a practice that exacerbates envirnmental degradatin and fuels public utcry."
分析：
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句意：
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Drawing n a wealth f recent archaelgical discveries that span the glbe, as well as deep reading in ften neglected histrical surces (their bibligraphy runs t 63 pages), the tw researchers dismantle nt nly every element f the received accunt but als the assumptins that it rests n.
分析：
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句意：
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1.（2025年新高考I卷）They culd have written pages n the necessity f cmputers, but writing, in and f itself, simply didn't strike them as imprtant
2.（2025年新高考I卷阅读）We invest a lt in rads that help us rush thrugh, but we fail t accunt fr the true csts
3.（2024年新高考II卷）Chse mindfully. Overvisited destinatins are that way fr a reasn: they’re special.
（2024年新高考II卷）After I made Italy my permanent hme, I discvered hw warm-hearted Italians are.
5.（2023年全国甲卷） Our hpe is t have a clean, attractant-free place where bears can pass thrugh withut learning bad habits.
6.（2023年新高考II卷）The flight was uneventful, and Tiffy was a great passenger.
7.（2022年新高考全国I卷）The set f speech sunds we use has nt necessarily remained stable since the appearance f human beings, but rather the huge variety f speech sunds that we find tday is the prduct f a cmplex interplay f things like bilgical change and cultural evlutin.
8.（2023年全国乙卷）The ________ (remark) develpment f this city, which is cnsciusly designed t prtect the past while stepping int the mdern wrld
9.（2022年6月浙江卷）Jhn Olsn, a frmer (phtgraph)and his team turn paintings int fully textured 3D mdels.
10.(2023年新高考Ⅰ卷) Xia lng ba(sup dumplings), thse amazing cnstructins f delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing ht, (taste) sup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favurite Chinese street fd.
11.(2023年1月浙江高考卷) The hutngs they frmed were rderly, lined by ________ (space)hmes and walled gardens. Farther frm the center lived the cmmners and labrers.
12.（2023年全国甲卷) ______ (difference) frm traditinal fables, Carsn’s stry ends with an accusatin instead f a mral.
13.（2023年上海春招）Teachers and schlars must lk beynd tday's career-mindedness in talking abut challenges t the humanities.
14.(2022年新高考II卷) Whenever I tell peple that I teach English at the Berlin Z, I almst always get a questining lk. Behind it, the persn is trying t figure ut wh exactly I teach…the animals?
Since June 2017, right befre the arrival f the tw new pandas, Meng Meng and Jia Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the z t feel mre cmfrtable and (cnfidence) speaking English.
15.（2022年1月浙江卷）When the answer was n ,she declined the________(invite) .