专题19 说明文(课件)-2026年高考英语考前必背写作模板与素材专题讲练（全国通用）

专题19 说明文2026年高考英语考前必背写作模板&素材题型分析 说明文是用平实的语言客观地解说事物、解释现象、提供信息，给人以知识的文体，一般包括事物说明文和事理说明文两类。其中事物类说明文包括物品描写、介绍地点等，要求所写内容重点突出、表达准确、层次分明、生动形象等。1. 写作目的：客观、清晰地解释、阐述或介绍某个事物（如图表、现象、流程、概念等），重在传递信息，而非说服或议论。2. 核心要素： · 客观性：避免个人情感和主观臆断，使用客观中立的语言。 · 准确性：数据、事实要准确，描述要清晰。 · 逻辑性：结构层次分明，使用恰当的连接词。 · 简洁性：语言精炼，直击要点。思维导图图表分析型Paragraph 1: 引言 - 概述图表内容The chart/graph/table provides a clear overview of... (主题) between... and... (时间/范围).Overall, it can be observed that... (描述最显著的整体趋势或特征).【译文】该图表/曲线图/表格清晰地概述了从……到……期间……（主题）的情况。总体来看，可以观察到……（描述最显著的整体趋势或特征）。图表分析型Paragraph 2: 主体 - 描述具体数据与变化 (择重点描述)Firstly, ... (类别一) accounted for the largest proportion, at ...% / stood at ... (数字). In contrast, ... (类别二) represented the smallest share, at only ...%.Secondly, there was a significant/steady/slight increase/decrease in ... (类别三) from ... to ... (具体数据对比).Moreover, it is worth noting that ... (指出一个有趣的细节或变化).【译文】：首先，……（类别一）占了最大比例，为……%/达到……（数字）。相比之下，……（类别二）的份额最小，仅为……%。其次，……（类别三）从……到……期间出现了显著/稳定/轻微的增长/下降。此外，值得注意的是……（指出一个有趣的细节或变化）。图表分析型Paragraph 3: 总结 - 归纳结论或简要分析In conclusion, the data clearly indicates that... (总结核心发现). This trend may be attributed to... (简要分析1-2个原因，如果题目要求分析). / The information presented offers valuable insights into... (主题).【译文】总之，数据清楚地表明……（总结核心发现）。这一趋势可能源于……（简要分析1-2个原因）。/ 图表所呈现的信息为了解……（主题）提供了宝贵的见解。现象阐述型Paragraph 1: 引言 - 定义或引出现象In recent years, ... (现象) has become a growing trend/concern in our society.It refers to... (对现象进行简单定义或描述).【译文】：近年来，……（现象）已成为我们社会中一个日益增长的趋势/担忧。它指的是……（对现象进行简单定义或描述）。现象阐述型Paragraph 2: 主体 - 分析原因/阐述特点/说明流程【分析原因框架】Several factors contribute to this phenomenon. To begin with, ... (原因一). Additionally, ... (原因二). Lastly, ... (原因三) also plays a role.【阐述特点框架】There are several distinctive features of ... (事物). Firstly, it is characterized by... (特点一). Secondly, ... (特点二) is another key aspect. For example, ... (举例). Furthermore, ... (特点三).【说明流程框架】The process mainly consists of the following steps. First and foremost, ... (步骤一). Once that is done, ... (步骤二). The next stage involves ... (步骤三). Finally, ... (最终步骤).【译文】：原因：多种因素导致了这一现象。首先，……（原因一）。此外，……（原因二）。最后，……（原因三）也起到了一定作用。特点：……（事物）有几个显著特点。首先，它的特点是……（特点一）。其次，……（特点二）是另一个关键方面。例如，……（举例）。再者，……（特点三）。流程：该流程主要包含以下步骤。首先，……（步骤一）。一旦完成，……（步骤二）。下一阶段涉及……（步骤三）。最后，……（最终步骤）。现象阐述型Paragraph 3: 总结 - 影响或展望In summary, ... (重申现象). While it brings certain benefits like... (简述好处), we should also be aware of its potential challenges, such as... (简述问题). It is crucial for us to... (提出展望或正确态度).【译文】总之，……（重申现象）。虽然它带来了诸如……（简述好处）等好处，但我们也应意识到其潜在的挑战，例如……（简述问题）。我们有必要……（提出展望或正确态度）。万能模板事物介绍 What I have known about is that __________________.(具体描述某事物) First of all, __________________ (具体阐述要点一) . What’s more, __________________ (具体阐述要点二). As a college student, __________________ (结合自身描述要点三). In conclusion, __________________ (做出总结) . Therefore, we should __________________(提出建议).问题方法介绍 In recent days, there has been a problem , which is becoming more and more serious.（说明问题及其现状） To begin with,__________________. What’ s more, __________________.We should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation. For one thing, __________________. For another thing, ________. Finally,__________________.（列举解决该问题的方法） Personally, I believe that __________________/Consequently, I’m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because __________________.（结尾段，归纳信心及理由）路线方位介绍 Located in the __________________（方位）， _______________(某地）covers an area of_______________________(面积). Entering _______________(某地）, you can see a big flower bed in front of you, and _____________________（建筑一）on your left. Walking on further, you’ll find_____________________（建筑二）. ______________________（方位介词短语），there is__________（地点二）. Behind it, there lies__________________（地点二）. All the buildings are surrounding by trees and flowers. It’s really a beautiful school.1. 描述趋势与变化的词汇· 上升： · 动词：increase, rise, grow, climb, go up · 名词：an increase, a rise, a growth · 短语：experience a sharp increase (经历急剧增长)· 下降： · 动词：decrease, decline, fall, drop, go down · 名词：a decrease, a decline, a fall, a drop · 短语：witness a steady decline (目睹稳步下降)1. 描述趋势与变化的词汇 · 波动/稳定： · 动词：fluctuate, remain stable/steady, stay constant · 名词：fluctuation, stability· 表示程度： · 剧烈地：sharply, dramatically, significantly, considerably · 缓慢地/轻微地：gradually, slowly, slightly, modestly · 稳定地：steadily, constantly2. 表示比例与数量的表达· 占多少比例：account for...%, make up...%, constitute...%, represent...%· 排名第一/最后：rank first/last, take the top spot, be at the bottom· 分别是：... and ... respectively.· 超过/大约：over/more than..., nearly/almost..., approximately/around/about...3. 高频逻辑连接词· 并列/递进：Furthermore, Moreover, In addition, Additionally· 对比：In contrast, On the contrary, However, While/Whereas...· 因果：Therefore, As a result, Consequently, Thus· 举例：For example, For instance, Such as, Like· 总结：In conclusion, To sum up, In summary, Overall写作方法高分亮句 & 升级技巧1. 开头句升级：· 平淡：This graph is about...· 高分：The bar chart above illustrates the changes in... over the period from... to... (上方的柱状图阐明了从……到……期间……的变化。)高分亮句 & 升级技巧2. 描述数据升级：· 平淡：It went up a lot.· 高分：The figure witnessed a dramatic surge, jumping from 10% to 50% in just five years. (该数字经历了急剧上升，在短短五年内从10%跃升至50%。)高分亮句 & 升级技巧3. 引出原因升级：· 平淡：There are two reasons.· 高分：A multitude of factors may have contributed to this phenomenon, with the following three being the most significant. (多种因素可能导致了这一现象，其中以下三点最为重要。)高分亮句 & 升级技巧4. 总结句升级：· 平淡：That's all.· 高分：From the analysis above, we can safely draw the conclusion that... (从以上分析，我们可以有把握地得出结论……)说明方位句1. . .. is located at the foot of/by the side of/to the east of/to the north of ............位于…的底部，北面的北面。2. In front of it is ..., with ... on its left and ... on its right.在它的前面是……，与…在它的左边和…在它的右边。3. Turning to the left, you will see ..., behind which is ...转到左边，你会看到……，后面是。4. Walking past ..., you will see the building that appears in front of you is ...走过……，你会看到出现在你面前的建筑是。。5. Along the road are lines of trees, casting dense shade on the sidewalk.沿路是一排排的树木，在人行道上投下了茂密的阴影。说明现象句1. Nowadays more and more people are suffering...如今,越来越多的人正遭受着…2. With the development of..., there is an increasing need for...people to know how to...随着……的发展,越来越多的人需要知道如何……3. As far as I'm concerned, there are several reasons for...在我看来，……的原因有几个。4. Owing to air pollution, many people have health problems.由于空气污染,很多人有健康问题。5.Everything has both advantages and disadvantages. The negative aspects are also apparent.一切都有利有弊。负面的因素也很明显。6. On the whole, its advantages can be seen as follows.总的来说，其优点如下。问题方法句1. The answer to the problem involves many factors.这个问题的答案涉及很多方面。2. To ensure success, there is one more thing that you must bear in mind, which is...为了确保成功,你心中还需记住一点,那就是……3. Then, by what means shall we solve the problem?那么我们应该采取什么措施来解决这个问题?4. In this way, you'll feel relaxed and refreshed.通过这种方式,你将会感觉到放松和振作。5. Therefore, find an effective way that is suitable for you, and you will have a wonderful life.所以,找到一种适合你的有效的方法,那么你的生活也会多姿多彩的。数据分析句1.The bar chart describes significant changes in the...该柱形图描述了……的显著变化。2. According to the result of the survey, more than half. About60% of the students like.... while only 30% say they are inr terested in...根据调查结果可知,有超过半数即大约60%的学生喜欢……,而只有30%的学生说他们对…感兴趣。3. Judging from these figures. we can draw the conclusion that...根据这些数字判断,我们可以得出结论4.More students, around 58%, however, insist that...然而更多的学生,约58%,坚持认为.....4.The table/chart shows that …表格/图表显示5. As can be seen from the chart…从图表中可以看出。6.From the table/chart/forms, we can see…从表格/图表/表格中我们可以看到......温馨提示1. 审题定模板：拿到题目先判断是图表型还是现象阐述型，然后套用对应模板。2. 数据抓大放小：图表作文不要求描述所有数据，抓住最大、最小、变化最显著的点。3. 时态要准确：图表反映过去情况用一般过去时；无明确时间或用现在时描述普遍现象。4. 保持客观：多用被动语态和客观句式（It can be seen that... / The data shows...）。真题链接【2025年全国I卷】假定你是李华，你班英语报要增设一个栏目。外教 Jenny 提出“Fun at my school”和“Guess who I am”两个选项供大家选择。请给Jenny写一封邮件，内容包括：(1)你的选择；(2)说明理由。注意：(1)写作词数应为80个左右；(2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Dear Jenny,I really like the idea of adding a new column to our English newspaper. Yours,Li HuaDear Jenny,I really like the idea of adding a new column to our English newspaper. Thank you for the great suggestions! After careful thought, I strongly support the "Fun at my school" option.My main reason is its closeness to our daily lives. We all experience funny moments in class, during breaks, or at school events. Writing about them feels natural and encourages more students to participate. Secondly, sharing these lighthearted stories can strengthen our bonds. Reading about shared laughter and experiences will definitely make our newspaper more enjoyable and relatable for everyone.I believe this column will be a wonderful addition. Thanks again for your efforts!Yours,Li Hua结构清晰：理由1: closeness to our daily lives (贴近性)。展开: We all experience... (普遍性) -> Writing about them feels natural... (易于参与的结果)。理由2: sharing these lighthearted stories can strengthen our bonds (增进情谊/共鸣)。展开: Reading about shared laughter... (积极影响 - 更吸引人、更有共鸣)。开头 (第1句后): 感谢建议 + 清晰表明选择 (I strongly support the "Fun at my school" option.)。主体 (第2、3句):结尾 (第4句): 表达积极预期 (wonderful addition) + 再次感谢 (Thanks again)，简洁有力。理由充分且相关：两个理由 (贴近生活 和 分享快乐增进联系) 都紧扣 Fun at my school 栏目的核心特点。每个理由后都有一句简单的解释或说明其好处，使理由更丰满、更有说服力。符合格式： 正确使用了题目提供的开头句、结尾署名和邮件格式。语言亮点：明确表达选择：strongly support。连接词清晰：My main reason is..., Secondly,。关键词准确：closeness to our daily lives, encourage participation, lighthearted stories, strengthen our bonds, enjoyable and relatable。句式变化：有简单句也有复合句。得体礼貌：Thank you for..., Thanks again。专题19 说明文2026年高考英语考前必背写作模板&素材