高考英语二轮专题-主旨大意题（知识清单）（教师版）

这是一份高考英语二轮专题-主旨大意题（知识清单）（教师版），共51页。学案主要包含了知能解读01，知能解读02，知能解读03，知能解读04，知能解读05，重难点突破01，重难点突破02，重难点突破03等内容，欢迎下载使用。

01主旨大意题五年高考考情统计
02主旨大意题五年高考考情解读
1.题型概述
主旨大意题是阅读理解中考生失分最多的题目，因为该类题目不仅考查考生略读文章、领会大意的能力,也对考生的归纳、概括能力提出了较高的要求。题型主要包括标题归纳题、文章大意题和段落大意题。该类题目在文章中没有明显的解题依据,需要考生从文章中找出一些关键词、信息句进行加工概括,才能归纳出文章的主旨。
2.题型特点
主旨大意题考查的是对文章内容深层次的理解、概括能力，它要求在充分理解全文的前提下，对整篇文章的主旨大意有一个较为清晰的印象。标题归纳类要求学生选出文章的最佳标题，文章大意题和段落大意题考查文章或段落的主旨大意。
3.选材特点
题材更加丰富多样，涵盖记叙文、说明文、议论文等各种文体，主题涉及社会热点、科技发展、文化交流、环境保护、人文历史、健康生活等多个领域，要求考生具备广泛的知识背景。
4.命题特点
特殊疑问句形式:以when、where、what、which、wh、why、hw等疑问词开头引出的问题;通常涉及推断作者态度、文章出处、文章类型、写作意图、下段话题等。
主旨大意题旨在考查考生归纳概括以及辨别主要信息和次要信息的能力，是阅读理解中的高难度题。概括全文大意最简单的方法就是把每段的大意串起来考虑。该类题主要考查标题归纳题、文章大意题和段落大意题。常见的设问方式有：
1．What is the best title f the passage?
2．Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
3．What is the passage mainly abut?
4．What is the main idea f the secnd paragraph?
5．What is the mainly abut?
03主旨大意题五年高考考点分类
04主旨大意题五年高考选项特点
1.正确选项特征
2.干扰选项特征
05阅读理解满分突破思维导图
01 段落大意题
1.题型解读
段落大意题主要考查考生用准确的、简练的语言把一个段落的主要意思明确而完整地表达出来的能力。考生在做题时要特别注意“首尾兼顾”，即所问段落的首句和尾句。一是因为它们往往体现主旨要义，二是因为利用这些信息可以迅速提炼段落结构框架，在框架下的主旨判断，其准确性更高。
2.思维导图
02 段落大意题跟踪训练
跟踪训练1 (2025全国二卷第34题) 主题句在段中
[1] Des yur sul die a little every time yu thrw away unused fd? Mine des. …
[2] Fd waste is a grwing cncern in the restaurant, supermarket, and supply chain industries….
[3] Fr tw weeks in March, Greenwich Village’s Blue Hill restaurant was renamed wastED, and served items like fried skate cartilage, a juice pulp burger, and a dumpster diver’s vegetable salad. Each dish was tailr-made t raise awareness regarding fd waste.
[4] A study by the Fd Waste Alliance determined that the average restaurant generates 33 punds f fd waste fr every $1,000 in revenue (收入), and f that waste nly 15.7% is dnated r recycled. ..
[5]It shuld be nted that nne f the items n wastED’s menu was technically made frm garbage. Instead, all the ingredients (配料) used were examples f meat cuts and prduce that mst restaurants wuld never cnsider serving. Things like kale ribs, fish cllars, rejected sweet ptates, and cucumber butts were all re-apprpriated and, with the help f a number f gd chefs, turned int excellent cuisine.
[6]Thugh wastED received enthusiastic reviews, it was designed frm the start as a shrt-lived experiment…
34. What is paragraph 5 mainly abut?
A. Why the ingredients were used.B. Which dishes were best liked.
C. What the dishes were made f.D. Where the ingredients were bught.
解析：第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词：What, paragraph 5, mainly abut。
第二步：根据关键词，定位信息。根据关键词定位到文章第五段“It shuld be nted that nne f the items n wastED’s menu was technically made frm garbage. Instead, all the ingredients (配料) used were examples f meat cuts and prduce that mst restaurants wuld never cnsider serving. Things like kale ribs, fish cllars, rejected sweet ptates, and cucumber butts were all re-apprpriated and, with the help f a number f gd chefs, turned int excellent cuisine. (值得注意的是，从技术上讲，wastED的菜单上没有一项是由垃圾制成的。相反，所有使用的食材都是大多数餐馆永远不会考虑供应的肉类部位和农产品。羽衣甘蓝茎、鱼颈肉、被挑拣的红薯和黄瓜蒂等东西都被重新利用，在许多优秀厨师的助力下，变成了美味的菜肴)”可知，本段主要介绍了wastED菜单上的菜品所用的配料，如羽衣甘蓝茎、鱼颈肉、被挑拣的红薯和黄瓜蒂等，所以本段主要讲的是这些菜肴是由什么做成的。
第三步：比对选项得出答案C。
跟踪训练2 (2024新课标I卷第26题) 没有出现主题句
[1] “I am nt crazy,” says Dr. William Farber, shrtly after perfrming acupuncture (针灸) n a rabbit. “I am ahead f my time.” …
[2]Farber, a graduate f Clrad State University, started ut as a mre cnventinal veterinarian. …
[3]Leigh Tindale’s dg Charlie had a serius heart cnditin. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared t put him t sleep, but Farber’s treatments eased her dg’s suffering s much that she was able t keep him alive fr an additinal five mnths. And Priscilla Dewing reprts that her hrse, Nappy, “mves mre easily and rides mre cmfrtably” after a chirpractic adjustment.
[4]Farber is certain that the hlistic apprach will grw mre ppular with time, and if the past is any indicatin, he may be right…
26. What des paragraph 3 mainly talk abut?
A. Steps f a chirpractic treatment.
B. The cmplexity f veterinarians’ wrk.
C. Examples f rare animal diseases.
D. The effectiveness f hlistic medicine.
解析：第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词：What, paragraph 3, mainly talk abut。
第二步：根据关键词，定位信息。根据关键词定位到文章根据第三段内容“Leigh Tindale’s dg Charlie had a serius heart cnditin. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared t put him t sleep, but Farber’s treatments eased her dg’s suffering s much that she was able t keep him alive fr an additinal five mnths. And Priscilla Dewing reprts that her hrse, Nappy, “mves mre easily and rides mre cmfrtably” after a chirpractic adjustment.(利·廷代尔的狗查理患有严重的心脏病。廷代尔说，查理心脏病发作后，她准备让他进入睡眠状态，但法伯的治疗大大减轻了她的狗的痛苦，她能够让它多活五个月。普里西拉·杜因(Priscilla Dewing)报告说，她的马纳皮(Nappy)经过脊椎按摩调整后，“行动更容易，乘车更舒服”。) ”可知，本段主要讲述了两个例子，一个是Farber通过整体医学方法帮助了患有严重心脏病的狗Charlie，另一个是马Nappy在接受脊椎按摩治疗后移动和骑行更为舒适。这些例子都是为了说明整体医学的有效性。
第三步：比对选项得出答案C。
跟踪训练3 (2023全国乙卷第32题) 主题句在段首
[1] If yu want t tell the histry f the whle wrld, a histry that des nt privilege ne part f humanity, yu cannt d it thrugh texts alne, because nly sme f the wrld has ever had texts, while mst f the wrld, fr mst f the time, has nt. Writing is ne f humanity’s later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) scieties recrded their cncerns nt nly in writing but in things.
[2] Ideally a histry wuld bring tgether texts and bjects, and sme chapters f this bk are able t d just that, but in many cases we simply can’t. …
[3] In additin t the prblem f miscmprehensin frm bth sides, there are victries accidentally r deliberately twisted, especially when nly the victrs knw hw t write. …
32. What is the first paragraph mainly abut?
A. Hw past events shuld be presented. B. What humanity is cncerned abut.
C. Whether facts speak luder than wrds. D. Why written language is reliable.
解析：第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词：What, the first paragraph, mainly abut。
第二步：根据关键词，定位信息。根据关键词定位到文章第一段“If yu want t tell the histry f the whle wrld, a histry that des nt privilege ne part f humanity, yu cannt d it thrugh texts alne, because nly sme f the wrld has ever had texts, while mst f the wrld, fr mst f the time, has nt. Writing is ne f humanity’s later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) scieties recrded their cncerns nt nly in writing but in things. (如果你想讲述整个世界的历史，一段不以人类某一部分为特权的历史，你不能仅仅通过文本来讲述，因为世界上只有一部分人曾经有过文本，而世界上大多数人，在大多数时间里，都没有。写作是人类较晚的成就之一，直到最近，甚至许多有文字的社会也不仅用文字，而且用物件来记录他们所关心的事情。)”可推知，第一段主要讲述的是历史应该如何呈现给我们。
第三步：比对选项得出答案A。
03 文章大意题
1.命题特点
文章中的每一段都是围绕某一主题展开的，把每个段落的主题句综合起来就可以概括出全文的中心思想。该题型主要是测试考生对一篇文章的深层理解程度以及在速读中准确定位文章主旨大意的能力。它要求考生在理解全文的基础上能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维的方法，对文章进行高度概括或总结，属于高层次题。
2.设问方式
1.What is the main theme/tpic/idea f this/the passage/text?
2.What des the text/passage mainly fcus n?
3.What is the passage/text mainly abut?
4. What des the passage mainly fcus n?
3.思维导图
4.答题策略
题型一：利用主题句在段首位置推敲段落大意
技巧点拨：说明文和议论文学会关注“首段”和“段首”。借鉴“七选五”小标题类型特点，段首句统领全段主旨大意，由此推断段落大意。
题型二：利用主题句在段中位置推敲段落大意
技巧点拨：有时主题句出现在段中某句，这就需要考生耐心阅读揣摩段落各句之间内在逻辑关系，确定主题句位置，进而明确段落主旨大意。
题型三：利用主题句在段尾位置推敲段落大意
技巧点拨：有时主题句出现在段尾，关注一些表征总结性，结论性的词: in brief/ shrt, all in all, in cnclusin, in a wrd等，这些词后面连接的通常是主题句。
题型四：利用段落没有主题句推敲段落大意
技巧点拨：有时候段落没有出现主题句，需要考生自己总结提炼，难度更大。
题型五：利用“总-分-总”结构推敲语篇主旨大意题
技巧点拨：有时候段落没有出现主题句，需要考生自己总结提炼，难度更大。
04文章大意题跟踪训练
跟踪训练1 (2024新课标II卷第31题)
We all knw fresh is best when it cmes t fd. Hwever, mst prduce at the stre went thrugh weeks f travel and cvered hundreds f miles befre reaching the table. While farmer’s markets are a slid chice t reduce the jurney, Babyln Micr-Farm (BMF) shrtens it even mre.
BMF is an indr garden system. It can be set up fr a family. Additinally, it culd serve a larger audience such as a hspital, restaurant r schl. The innvative design requires little effrt t achieve a reliable weekly supply f fresh greens.
Specifically, it’s a farm that relies n new technlgy. By cnnecting thrugh the Clud, BMF is remtely mnitred. Als, there is a cnvenient app that prvides grwing data in real time. Because the system is autmated, it significantly reduces the amunt f water needed t grw plants. Rather than watering rws f sil, the system prvides just the right amunt t each plant. After harvest, users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pd (容器) t get the next grwth cycle started.
Mrever, having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zer emissins (排放) frm transprting plants frm sil t salad. In additin, there’s n need fr pesticides and ther chemicals that pllute traditinal farms and the surrunding envirnment.
BMF emplyees live ut sustainability in their everyday lives. Abut half f them walk r bike t wrk. Inside the ffice, they encurage recycling and waste reductin by limiting garbage cans and aviding single-use plastic. “We are passinate abut reducing waste, carbn and chemicals in ur envirnment,” said a BMF emplyee.
28. What can be learned abut BMF frm paragraph 1?
A. It guarantees the variety f fd.B. It requires day-t-day care.
C. It cuts the farm-t-table distance.D. It relies n farmer’s markets.
29. What infrmatin des the cnvenient app ffer?
A. Real-time weather changes.B. Current cnditin f the plants.
C. Chemical pllutants in the sil.D. Availability f pre-seeded pds.
30. What can be cncluded abut BMF emplyees?
A. They have a great passin fr sprts.
B. They are devted t cmmunity service.
C. They are fnd f sharing daily experiences.
D They have a strng envirnmental awareness.
31. What des the text mainly talk abut?
A. BMF’s majr strengths.B. BMF’s general management.
C. BMF’s glbal influence.D. BMF’s technical standards.
【答案】28. C 29. B 30. D 31. A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了巴比伦微农场（BMF）的一些主要优势，包括减少食物运输距离、通过云技术远程监控、自动化系统节约水资源、减少化学污染、以及员工的环保生活方式等。
28.细节理解题。根据第一段“While farmer’s markets are a slid chice t reduce the jurney, Babyln Micr-Farm (BMF) shrtens it even mre. (虽然农贸市场是减少旅程的可靠选择，但巴比伦微型农场（BMF）甚至缩短了旅程)”可知，巴比伦微型农场（BMF）进一步缩短了从农场到餐桌的距离。故选C。
29.细节理解题。根据第三段“Als, there is a cnvenient app that prvides grwing data in real time. (此外，还有一个便捷的应用程序，可以实时提供增长数据)”可知，这个便捷的应用程序提供了植物生长的实时数据。故选B。
30.推理判断题。根据最后一段“BMF emplyees live ut sustainability in their everyday lives. Abut half f them walk r bike t wrk. Inside the ffice, they encurage recycling and waste reductin by limiting garbage cans and aviding single-use plastic. “We are passinate abut reducing waste, carbn and chemicals in ur envirnment,” said a BMF emplyee. (BMF员工在日常生活中追求可持续发展。大约一半的人步行或骑自行车上班。在办公室里，他们通过限制垃圾桶和避免一次性塑料来鼓励回收和减少浪费。BMF的一名员工表示：“我们热衷于减少环境中的废物、碳和化学品。”)”可知，BMF员工具有强烈的环保意识。故选D。
31.主旨大意题。根据第一段“While farmer’s markets are a slid chice t reduce the jurney, Babyln Micr-Farm (BMF) shrtens it even mre. (虽然农贸市场是减少旅程的可靠选择，但巴比伦微型农场（BMF）甚至缩短了旅程)”、第三段“By cnnecting thrugh the Clud, BMF is remtely mnitred. Als, there is a cnvenient app that prvides grwing data in real time. Because the system is autmated, it significantly reduces the amunt f water needed t grw plants. Rather than watering rws f sil, the system prvides just the right amunt t each plant. (通过云连接，对BMF进行远程监控。此外，还有一个方便的应用程序可以实时提供不断增长的数据。由于该系统是自动化的，因此大大减少了种植植物所需的水量。该系统不是给一排排土壤浇水，而是为每株植物提供合适的水量)”以及最后一段“BMF emplyees live ut sustainability in their everyday lives. Abut half f them walk r bike t wrk. Inside the ffice, they encurage recycling and waste reductin by limiting garbage cans and aviding single-use plastic. “We are passinate abut reducing waste, carbn and chemicals in ur envirnment,” said a BMF emplyee. (BMF员工在日常生活中追求可持续发展。大约一半的人步行或骑自行车上班。在办公室里，他们通过限制垃圾桶和避免一次性塑料来鼓励回收和减少浪费。BMF的一名员工表示：“我们热衷于减少环境中的废物、碳和化学品。”)”可知，文章主要介绍了巴比伦微农场（BMF）的一些主要优势，包括减少食物运输距离、通过云技术远程监控、自动化系统节约水资源、减少化学污染、以及员工的环保生活方式等。故选A。
跟踪训练2 (2022全国甲卷第31题)
As Ginni Bazlintn reached Antarctica, she fund herself greeted by a grup f little Gent penguins(企鹅) lnging t say hell. These gentle, lvely gatekeepers welcmed her and kick-started what was t be a trip Ginni wuld never frget.
Ever since her childhd, Ginni, nw 71, has had a deep lve fr travel. Thrughut her career(职业) as a prfessinal dancer, she tured in the UK, but always lnged t explre further When she retired frm dancing and her sns eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time t take the plunge.
After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began t travel the wrld, eventually getting wrk teaching English in Japan and Chile. And it was in Chile she discvered she culd get last-minute cheap deals n ships ging t Antarctica frm the islands ff Tierra del Fueg, the suthernmst tip f the Suth American mainland. “I just decided wanted t g,” she says. “I had n idea abut what I’d find there and I wasn’t nervus, I just wanted t d it. And I wanted t d it alne as I always prefer it that way.”
In March 2008, Ginni barded a ship with 48 passengers she’d never met befre, t begin the jurney twards Antarctica. “Frm seeing the wildlife t witnessing sunrises, the whle experience was amazing. Antarctica left an impressin n me that n ther place has,” Ginni says. “I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just rse ut f the water like sme prehistric creature and I thught it was smiling at us. Yu culd still hear the peratic sunds it was making underwater.”
The realizatin that this is a precius land, t be respected by humans, was ne f the biggest things that hit hme t Ginni.
28. Which f the fllwing best explains “take the plunge” underlined in paragraph 2?
A. Try challenging things.B. Take a degree.
C. Bring back lst memries.D. Stick t a prmise.
29. What made Ginni decide n the trip t Antarctica?
A. Lvely penguins.B. Beautiful scenery.
C. A discunt fare.D. A friend’s invitatin.
30. What des Ginni think abut Antarctica after the jurney?
A. It culd be a hme fr her.B. It shuld be easily accessible.
C. It shuld be well preserved.D. It needs t be fully intrduced.
31. What is the text mainly abut?
A. A childhd dream.B. An unfrgettable experience.
C. Sailing arund the wrld.D. Meeting animals in Antarctica.
【答案】28-31 ACCB
【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了71岁的Ginni Balintn从小就对旅行有着深深的热爱，渴望探险，不再跳舞和孩子们成家立业之后，她开始周游世界，并在2008年开始了前往南极洲的旅程。
28. A。词句猜测题。根据第二段划线词前文“Thrughut her career(职业) as a prfessinal dancer, she tured in the UK, but always lnged t explre further. (在她的职业舞蹈演员生涯中，她曾在英国巡演，但一直渴望进一步探索)”和“When she retired frm dancing and her sns eventually flew the nest,(当她不再跳舞，她的儿子们最终独立生活)”可知，Ginni在退休和儿子们成家立业之后，她决定尝试有挑战性的事情。由此推知，划线词组take the plunge与try challenging things“尝试有挑战性的事情”意思接近。故选A。
29. C。细节理解题。根据第三段中的“And it was in Chile she discvered she culd get last-minute cheap deals n ships ging t Antarctica frm the islands ff Tiera del Fueg.(正是在智利，她发现自己可以在最后一刻买到从火地岛附近岛屿前往南极洲的廉价船只)”可知，是一张折扣票价让Ginni决定去南极洲旅行的。故选C。
30. C。细节理解题。根据最后一段“The realizatin that this is a precius land, t be respected by humans, was ne f the biggest things that hit hme t Ginni.(意识到这是一块宝贵的土地，应该受到人类的尊重，这是Ginni最深刻的感受之一。)”可知，旅行结束后，Ginni认为南极洲应该得到很好的保护。故选C。
31.B主旨大意题。通读全文，本文开头就提到Ginni刚抵达南极洲时，温柔可爱的企鹅就开启了她终生难忘的旅行，接着下文讲述了她去南极洲的原因、在南极洲的所见所闻及南极洲之旅后的感受。由此可知，文章主要讲述Ginni的一次难忘的南极之旅，因此“一次难忘的经历(Anunfrgettable experience)”最能概括文章的主旨，故选B项。
01 标题概括题(记叙文)
1.设题特点
记叙文标题概括题题目要求考生在理解文章的基础上，结合文章的体裁和结构，从所给的选项中选出适合文章的标题。注意标题的特点：精准性、概括性和新颖性。 此类标题往往比较含蓄，有时候是文章反复出现的关键词，有时候是文章的线索词。
2.思维导图
3.解题策略
首先，关注文章首尾段，尤其是尾段往往是夹叙夹议主题升华部分，与标题更有千丝万缕关系。
其次，逐一研读四个选项，考虑范围是否太大太小太偏，兼顾文章反复出现的线索词，特别是名词。
02标题概括题跟踪训练
跟踪训练 (2023新课标II卷第27题)
Turning sil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sund like tugh wrk fr middle and high schl kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramill, wh with anther teacher started Urban Spruts, a schl garden prgram at fur lw-incme schls. The prgram aims t help students develp science skills, envirnmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.
Jaramill’s students live in neighbrhds where fresh fd and green space are nt easy t find and fast fd restaurants utnumber grcery stres. “The kids literally cme t schl with bags f snacks and large bttles f sft drinks,” she says. “They cme t us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Thugh sme are initially scared f the insects and turned ff by the dirt, mst are eager t try smething new.
Urban Spruts’ classes, at tw middle schls and tw high schls, include hands-n experiments such as sil testing, flwer-and-seed dissectin, tastings f fresh r dried prduce, and wrk in the garden. Several times a year, students ck the vegetables they grw, and they ccasinally make salads fr their entire schls.
Prgram evaluatins shw that kids eat mre vegetables as a result f the classes. “We have students wh say they went hme and talked t their parents and nw they’re eating differently,” Jaramill says.
She adds that the prgram’s benefits g beynd nutritin. Sme students get s interested in gardening that they bring hme seeds t start their wn vegetable gardens. Besides, wrking in the garden seems t have a calming effect n Jaramill’s special educatin students, many f whm have emtinal cntrl issues. “They get utside,” she says, “and they feel successful.”
24. What d we knw abut Abby Jaramill?
A. She used t be a health wrker.B. She grew up in a lw-incme family.
C. She wns a fast fd restaurant.D. She is an initiatr f Urban Spruts.
25. What was a prblem facing Jaramill at the start f the prgram?
A. The kids’ parents distrusted her.B. Students had little time fr her classes.
C. Sme kids disliked garden wrk.D. There was n space fr schl gardens.
26. Which f the fllwing best describes the impact f the prgram?
A. Far-reaching.B. Predictable.
C. Shrt-lived.D. Unidentifiable.
27. What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Rescuing Schl GardensB. Experiencing Cuntry Life
C. Grwing Vegetable LversD. Changing Lcal Landscape
【答案】24. D 25. C 26. A 27. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了Abby Jaramill等老师在低收入学校发起的培养学生科学能力，环保意识以及健康生活方式的Urban Spruts花园项目，让学生通过体验乡村生活，对学生影响深远。
24.细节理解题。根据第一段的“And at first it is, says Abby Jaramill, wh with anther teacher started Urban Spruts, a schl garden prgram at fur lw-incme schls.(起初是这样的，艾比·哈拉米洛说，她和另一位老师在四所低收入学校启动了“Urban Spruts”学校花园项目。)”可知，艾比·哈拉米洛是Urban Spruts的发起者。故选D。
25.推理判断题。根据第二段的“she says. “They cme t us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Thugh sme are initially scared f the insects and turned ff by the dirt, mst are eager t try smething new.(她说。“他们来找我们，认为蔬菜很可怕，泥土很可怕，昆虫也很可怕。”虽然有些人一开始害怕昆虫，对泥土感到厌烦，但大多数人都渴望尝试新的东西。)”可知，项目之初，一些学生不喜欢园艺工作。故选C。
26.推理判断题。根据最后一段“She adds that the prgram’s benefits g beynd nutritin. Sme students get s interested in gardening that they bring hme seeds t start their wn vegetable gardens. Besides, wrking in the garden seems t have a calming effect n Jaramill’s special educatin students, many f whm have emtinal cntrl issues. “They get utside,” she says, “and they feel successful.”(她补充说，该计划的好处不仅仅是营养。有些学生对园艺非常感兴趣，他们带回家种子开始自己的菜园。此外，在花园里工作似乎对Jaramill的特殊教育学生有镇静作用，他们中的许多人都有情绪控制问题。“他们走了出去，”她说，“他们觉得成功。”)”可知，这个项目不仅给学生提供了有营养的食物，而且许多学生回家开创了自己的菜园，对有情绪控制问题的学生也起到了镇静作用，从而推知，该项目的影响是深远的。故选A。
27.主旨大意题。本文介绍了学校花园项目“Urban Spruts”发起的目的、学生最初对它的反应、项目活动内容以及它给学生的身心健康带来的良好影响。由此推知,C项“变成蔬菜的爱好者”可以概括“Urban Spruts”项目的作用,适合作为本文的标题。故选C项。
03标题概括题(说明文)
1.设题特点
思维品质体现英语学科核心素养的心智特征，而标题概括题较好地反映了学生的思维品质。此类题旨在考查考生通过阅读文章正确获取文章主旨，推断文章的主题、标题、段落大意、中心思想的能力，即考查考生归纳概括以及辨别主要信息和次要信息的能力。它既考查阅读理解能力，又考查深层次的推理、概括能力。 说明文在高考阅读理解中占比较高，应引起足够注意。
2.思维导图
3.解题策略
首先，特别关注说明文“倒三角形”结构，重视文章首段主题引领作用。
其次，如果首段较长的话，重视but, nw, hwever往往是文章核心话题。
第三，除了“首段”还应注意每段“段首”可能是本段主题句，分要点。
第四，注意研读标题的话题与首段对照，排除法逐步缩小范围去伪存真。
04标题概括题跟踪训练
跟踪训练1 (2022全国甲卷第27题) 首段首句概括文章主旨
Gffin’s cckats, a kind f small parrt native t Australasia, have been shwn t have similar shape-recgnitin abilities t a human tw-year-ld. Thugh nt knwn t use tls in the wild, the birds have prved skilful at tl use while kept in the cage. In a recent experiment, cckats were presented with a bx with a nut inside it. The clear frnt f the bx had a “keyhle” in a gemetric shape, and the birds were given five differently shaped “keys” t chse frm. Inserting the crrect “key” wuld let ut the nut.
In humans, babies can put a rund shape in a rund hle frm arund ne year f age, but it will be anther year befre they are able t d the same with less symmetrical (对称的) shapes. This ability t recgnize that a shape will need t be turned in a specific directin befre it will fit is called an “allcentric frame f reference”. In the experiment, Gffin’s cckats were able t select the right tl fr the jb, in mst cases, by visual recgnitin alne. Where trial-and-errr was used, the cckats did better than mnkeys in similar tests. This indicates that Gffin’s cckats d indeed pssess an allcentric frame f reference when mving bjects in space, similar t tw-year-ld babies.
The next step, accrding t the researchers, is t try and wrk ut whether the cckats rely entirely n visual clues (线索), r als use a sense f tuch in making their shape selectins.
24. Hw did the cckats get the nut frm the bx in the experiment?
A. By fllwing instructins.B. By using a tl.
C. By turning the bx arund.D. By remving the lid.
25. Which task can human ne-year-lds mst likely cmplete accrding t the text?
A. Using a key t unlck a dr.B. Telling parrts frm ther birds.
C. Putting a ball int a rund hle.D. Gruping tys f different shapes.
26. What des the fllw-up test aim t find ut abut the cckats?
A. Hw far they are able t see.B. Hw they track mving bjects.
C. Whether they are smarter than mnkeys.D. Whether they use a sense f tuch in the test.
27. Which can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Cckats: Quick Errr CheckersB. Cckats: Independent Learners
C. Cckats: Clever Signal-ReadersD. Cckats: Skilful Shape-Srters
24-27 BCDD
【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种会识别形状的凤头鹦鹉。
24. B。事实细节题 根据第一段中的第二句 Thugh nt knwn t use tls in the wild, the birds have prved skilful at tl use while kept in the cage. 以及该段最后两句 ... the birds were given five differently shaped “keys” t chse frm. Inserting the crrect “key” wuld let ut the nut. 可知，凤头鹦鹉在笼子里使用工具很熟练，给它们形状不同的“钥匙”以供选择，插入正确的“钥匙”就能把盒子里的坚果取出来。
25. C。细节理解题。根据文章第二段“In humans, babies can put a rund shape in a rund hle frm arund ne year f age (在人类身上，婴儿从一岁左右就可以把一个圆形的物品放进一个圆形的洞里)”结合选项，可知，一岁儿童最有可能完成“将一个球放进一个圆形的洞里”的任务。故选C。
26. D。推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“The next step, accrding t the researchers, is t try and wrk ut whether the cckats rely entirely n visual clues, r als use a sense f tuch in making their shape selectins. (根据研究人员的说法，下一步是尝试弄清楚凤头鹦鹉是完全依靠视觉线索，还是也使用触觉来选择它们的形状)”可推知，后续测试的目的是了解凤头鹦鹉在测试中是否使用触觉。故选D。
27. D。主旨大意题。通读全文，再结合文章第一段“Cffin’s cckats, a kind f small parrt native t Australasia, have been shwn t have similar shape-recgnitin abilities t a human tw-year-ld. (科芬的凤头鹦鹉是一种原产于大洋洲的小鹦鹉，它的形状识别能力与两岁的人类相似)”可推知，本文主要介绍了会识别形状的凤头鹦鹉。D项“Cckats: Skilful Shape-Srters (凤头鹦鹉：识别形状的熟练工)”符合文意，最适合作为本文标题。故选D。
跟踪训练2 (2022新高考Ⅰ卷第21题) 首段引出话题，尾段概括主旨
When Snja Detrinidad pened her nline shp selling huseplants, she didn’t have high hpes fr it. But the ppsite happened: She was flded, shipping ut 1,200 rders in June f 2020 alne. In the past year, Detrinidad sent ut mre than 70,000 plants. Her success is just ne example f increased time at hme leading t an explsin in the huseplant industry.
“Plants are in fashin right nw,” says Dr. Melinda Knuth, a researcher frm the University f Flrida. “Peple wh live in plant-rich envirnments reprt a higher life satisfactin rating, ” she says. “Adding mre nature t ur envirnment can change ur md and hw we think.” Plants can imprve ur state f mind in a few ways but the biggest is by decreasing ur level f crtisl, the stress hrmne (激素) in ur bdy.
“Students wh are arund plants perfrm better academically than students wh are in a classrm withut plants,” says Knuth. “This prductivity als translates int the wrkplace fr adults. Our study shwed that there was a 30% decrease in sick leave fr peple wh were in plant-rich wrkplaces.”
If yu’re amng the grups f peple wh are enjying the mental and physical health benefits f surrunding yurself with plants, dn’t beat yurself up if ne (r a few!) desn’t make it. “Dctrs practice medicine and lawyers practice law and yu shuld allw yurself the practice it takes t sustain a plant. Tending t plants is an exercise in patience and learning. Be invested in taking care f it, but if it dies, g get anther ne,” Detrinidad says.
28. Hw was Detrinidad’s business when it started?
A. It faced tugh cmpetitin.B. It suffered a great lss.
C. It gt lts f financial supprt.D. It went surprisingly well.
29. What is ne f Knuth’s findings abut plants?
A. They appeal mre t students.B. They purify the envirnment.
C. They raise the crtisl level.D. They enhance prductivity.
30. What des Detrinidad try t explain by mentining dctrs and lawyers?
A. The necessity f scial skills.B. The meaning f sustainability.
C. The imprtance f repeated effrts.D. The value f prfessinal pinins.
31. What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Time t Replace HuseplantsB. Plants Bst Yur Md
C. Tips n Chsing HuseplantsD. Plants Brighten Yur Hme
【答案】28. D 29. D 30. C 31. B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要通过Detrinidad的创业经历和专家研究，说明室内植物对人们心理健康和工作效率的积极影响，以及近年来居家趋势推动了室内植物产业的发展。
28.细节理解题。根据第一段中的“When Snja Detrinidad pened her nline shp selling huseplants, she didn’t have high hpes fr it. But the ppsite happened: She was flded, shipping ut 1,200 rders in June f 2020 alne. (当Snja Detrinidad开设她的网店售卖室内植物时，她并没有抱太大的期望。但结果却恰恰相反：订单如潮水般涌来，仅在2020年6月就寄出了1200份订单)”可知，Snja Detrinidad刚开始开网店卖室内植物时，并没有抱太大希望，但实际情况是订单很多，生意出奇地好。故选D。
29.细节理解题。根据第三段中的““Students wh are arund plants perfrm better academically than students wh are in a classrm withut plants,” says Knuth. “This prductivity als translates int the wrkplace fr adults. Our study shwed that there was a 30% decrease in sick leave fr peple wh were in plant-rich wrkplaces.”(Knuth表示：“身处植物周围的学生，其学业表现比在没有植物的教室里的学生更出色。这种效率提升同样适用于成年人的工作场合。我们的研究显示，在植物丰富的工作环境中，人们的病假率降低了 30%。”)”可知，Knuth的研究发现，接触植物的学生学业表现更好，成年人在植物丰富的工作环境中生产率提高，病假率降低，因此，“植物能提升生产率”是她的发现之一。故选D。
30.推理判断题。根据最后一段中的““Dctrs practice medicine and lawyers practice law and yu shuld allw yurself the practice it takes t sustain a plant. Tending t plants is an exercise in patience and learning. Be invested in taking care f it, but if it dies, g get anther ne,” Detrinidad says. (Detrinidad说：“医生需要不断实践医术，律师需要持续精进法律实务，而养护植物同样需要给自己练习的机会。照料植物是一种培养耐心和学习的过程。要用心呵护它，但如果它枯萎了，就再养一株新的。”)”可知，Detrinidad通过类比医生和律师需要不断实践来强调“照顾植物需要反复尝试”。她认为养植物失败是正常的，重要的是持续努力。由此推断，她提到医生和律师是为了解释“重复努力的重要性”。故选C。
31. 主旨大意题。文章第一段以Detrinidad的成功为例引出室内植物行业的兴起，第二段至第三段通过Knuth的研究说明植物能通过降低皮质醇水平改善心情、提升生产率，第四段鼓励人们尝试养植物。全文核心围绕“植物对情绪和健康的积极影响”展开。选项B“Plants Bst Yur Md (植物改善你的情绪)”最能概括文章主旨，适合作为文章的标题。故选B。
05标题概括题(议论文)
1.题型解读
议论文说理性强，语言庄重，逻辑缜密，常用难词、长词和复杂句，给我们的阅读理解带来一定难度。议论文是运用逻辑推理和证明来阐述某一观点、看法和主张的文体。这类文章或从正面提出某种见解，或驳斥别人的错误观点，以说服读者同意自己的观点为主要目的。议论文一般有论点、论据和论证三个要素。论点是议论文的核心，即中心思想，是论据和论证的服务对象。论据是作者所引用的用以支持和证明论点的材料，这些材料可以是名人名言、事实例证或统计数据等。论证是作者组织、运用论据的手法。
2.思维导图
3.解题步骤
①抓住论点找主旨。议论文的核心是论点，通常在首段或结尾段明确提出。标题应直接反映文章的核心观点，避免偏离或过于宽泛。例如，若文章讨论“数字阅读与纸质阅读的差异”，标题可能为“纸质阅读与数字阅读：效果之辩”。
②关注文章结构。议论文常采用“提出问题—分析问题—解决问题”的结构。标题需体现这一逻辑关系，如“如何提升阅读效率：从理论到实践”。
③结合选项特点。议论文标题多以问句或陈述句呈现，语言简洁且针对性强。例如，“人工智能：机遇还是挑战？”或“论创新思维的重要性”。
④排除干扰选项。选项若仅涵盖部分内容，而非全文主旨，可排除以偏概全错误。注意选项中主语、宾语等细节是否与原文一致，避免被偷换概念误导。
06标题概括题跟踪训练
跟踪训练1 (2025全国一卷第31题)
While safety imprvements might have been made t ur streets in recent years, transprt studies als shw declines in pedestrian (行人) mbility, especially amng yung children. Many parents say there’s t much traffic n the rads fr their children t walk safely t schl, s they pack them int the car instead.
Dutch authrs Thalia Verkade and Marc te Brömmelstret are bthered by facts like these. In their new bk Mvement: Hw t Take Back Our Streets and Transfrm Our Lives, they call fr a rethink f ur streets and the rle they play in ur lives.
Life n city streets started t change decades ag. Whle neighburhds were destryed t make way fr new rad netwrks and kids had t play elsewhere. Sme cmmunities fught back. Mst famusly, a Canadian jurnalist wh had mved her family t Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign t stp the destructin f her lcal park. Describing her alarm at its prpsed replacement with an expressway, Jane Jacbs called n her mayr (市长) t champin “New Yrk as a decent place t live, and nt just rush thrugh.” Similar campaigns ccurred in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s as well.
Althugh these campaigns were widespread, the reality is that the majrity f the western cities were cmpletely redesigned arund the needs f the mtr car. The number f cars n rads has been increasing rapidly. In Australia we nw have ver twenty millin cars fr just ver twenty-six millin peple, amng the highest rate f car wnership in the wrld.
We invest a lt in rads that help us rush thrugh, but we fail t accunt fr the true csts. D we really recgnise what it csts us as a sciety when children can’t mve safely arund ur cmmunities? The authrs f Mvement have it right: it’s time t think differently abut that street utside yur frnt dr.
28. What phenmenn des the authr pint ut in paragraph 1?
A. Cars ften get stuck n the rad.B. Traffic accidents ccur frequently.
C. Peple walk less and drive mre.D. Pedestrians fail t fllw the rules.
29. What were the Canadian jurnalist and ther campaigners trying t d?
A. Keep their cities livable.B. Prmte cultural diversity.
C. Help the needy families.D. Make expressways accessible.
30. What can be inferred abut the campaigns in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s?
A. They bsted the sales f cars.B. They turned ut largely ineffective.
C. They wn gvernment supprt.D. They advcated building new parks.
31. What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Why the Rush?B. What’s Next?
C. Where t Stay?D. Wh t Blame?
【答案】28. C 29. A 30. B 31. A
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了西方城市过度围绕汽车设计导致行人流动性下降，尤其是儿童步行减少的现象，并通过历史案例和现状分析呼吁反思街道功能，重视城市宜居性。
28.细节理解题。根据文章第一段“While safety imprvements might have been made t ur streets in recent years, transprt studies als shw declines in pedestrian (行人) mbility, especially amng yung children. Many parents say there’s t much traffic n the rads fr their children t walk safely t schl, s they pack them int the car instead. (虽然近年来我们的街道可能已经改善了安全性，但交通研究也表明行人的流动性下降，尤其是年轻儿童。许多家长说，路上的交通太拥挤，他们的孩子无法安全步行上学，所以他们把孩子塞进车里)”可知，作者指出的现象是人们步行减少、开车增多。故选C。
29. 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Mst famusly, a Canadian jurnalist wh had mved her family t Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign t stp the destructin f her lcal park. Describing her alarm at its prpsed replacement with an expressway, Jane Jacbs called n her mayr (市长) t champin “New Yrk as a decent place t live, and nt just rush thrugh.” (最著名的是，一位加拿大记者在20世纪50年代初举家迁往曼哈顿，她领导了一场阻止当地公园被毁的运动。在描述她对用高速公路取代公园的提议感到震惊时，Jane Jacbs呼吁她的市长捍卫“纽约作为适宜居住的地方，而不仅是匆匆穿过的通道”)”可推知，加拿大记者和其他运动参与者旨在保持城市宜居性。故选A。
30．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Althugh these campaigns were widespread, the reality is that the majrity f the western cities were cmpletely redesigned arund the needs f the mtr car. The number f cars n rads has been increasing rapidly. (尽管这些运动很普遍，但现实是大多数西方城市完全围绕汽车需求重新设计。道路上的汽车数量一直在迅速增加)”可推知，20世纪60年代末和70年代澳大利亚的竞选活动未能阻止汽车发展，基本上没有效果。故选B。
31. 主旨大意题。通读全文，并根据文章最后一段“We invest a lt in rads that help us rush thrugh, but we fail t accunt fr the true csts. D we really recgnise what it csts us as a sciety when children can’t mve safely arund ur cmmunities? (我们在帮助我们快速通过的道路上投入了大量资金，但我们没有考虑到真正的成本。我们真的认识到当孩子们不能在我们的社区安全地移动时，我们作为一个社会将会付出什么代价吗)”可推知，本文批判城市过度追求交通效率、忽视行人需求的现象，A项“Why the Rush? (为何匆匆？)”质问“rush thrugh (匆匆通行)”的规划理念，契合主旨，最适合作为本文标题。故选A。
01 阅读主旨大意题答题误区
1. 以偏概全：误把细节当主旨
误区表现：考生易将文中具体事例或局部信息当作全文核心，忽略整体脉络。
例如：2023年全国卷I卷D篇：文章围绕“人类语言中某些发音（如 /f/ 和 /v/）因饮食变化而普及”展开，干扰项设计为“古代人类牙齿结构的具体变化”，考生若仅关注牙齿结构的描述，会误选该细节选项，而正确答案应为“饮食演变对语言发音的影响”。
2. 过度推断：主观延伸未提及的内容
误区表现：脱离文本事实，根据个人经验或常识进行无依据推断。
例如：2024年全国乙卷阅读C篇：文章介绍 “电商平台通过大数据分析优化物流配送”，干扰项设置为 “未来电商将完全取代实体店”，考生若受“电商发展趋势”常识影响，易误选此选项，而原文仅客观描述物流优化，未涉及对实体店的替代关系。
3. 忽略首尾段及转折词：错失主题句定位
误区表现：未重点关注文章首尾段及 but、hwever 等转折词后的内容，导致主题句定位错误。
例如：2024年新高考卷I阅读A篇：文章首段点明“智能穿戴设备通过实时健康数据监测，改变人们的运动习惯”，尾段呼应“技术与健康管理的深度融合”，但部分考生因未通读首尾段，误选 “设备硬件设计的创新细节”。
4. 混淆文体特征：未针对性解题
误区表现：未区分议论文、说明文、记叙文的文体差异，采用统一解题思路。
例如：2023 年全国甲卷阅读 D 篇（议论文）：文章通过对比 “传统教育模式与线上教育的优劣”，论证 “混合式学习的必要性”，考生需重点关注首段论点句 “教育模式需适应数字化时代需求”。
02 阅读主旨大意题误区应对
1.强化主题句定位训练
每日选取三篇不同体裁（议论文、说明文、记叙文等）的高考真题阅读文章，按照文体特点定位主题句。如议论文重点关注首段论点句和尾段总结句，快速找出主题句并划出关键词，总结文章主旨。训练一周后，对比分析不同体裁主题句位置的规律，形成快速定位的直觉。​
2.高频词筛选练习
利用真题阅读材料，制作 “高频词筛选卡片”。阅读文章时，将重复出现 3 次及以上的名词、名词短语标注出来，思考其与文章主旨的关联。每周整理一次高频词，分析同一主题（如科技类、环保类）文章中高频词的共性与差异，提高通过高频词把握主旨的能力。​
3.干扰项分析笔记
建立 “主旨大意题错题本”，将每次练习中的错误选项分类整理（以偏概全、过度推断等）。针对每个错误选项，详细分析其与原文的偏差，如 “选项 A 只涉及文章第二段的一个细节，未涵盖全文关于人工智能应用的多个方面，属于以偏概全”。每周回顾错题本，强化对干扰项特征的识别。​
4.错题反思总结
每次模拟考试或练习后，针对主旨大意题的错题，进行深度反思。不仅要明确错误原因，还要思考如何在下次答题时避免类似错误。例如，若因忽略转折词导致主旨判断失误，在下次阅读时，提前圈出 but、hwever 等转折词，提醒自己重点关注其后内容。
03 阅读主旨大意题满分策略
1.阅读理解议论文细节理解题注意落实“定位原文”和“同义替换”技巧。
2.重视议论文“总分(总)”结构，特别是首段和段首的独特引领作用。
3.推理判断题注意源于文章又高于文章，防止偏离主旨或推理过度。
4.标题概括题重视三性：概括性、简洁性和新颖性；同时联系首段和关键词。
5.议论文长难句落实“括号法”--（从句）（非谓语）（介词短语）（名词短语）。
6.满分策略：读题干→找原文→做标记→留痕迹→看选项→扣字眼。
主旨大意题综合能力提升
真题专区：研读高考真题，洞悉高考命题规律，探寻满分做题技巧和应试思维
01（2023新课标I卷）
On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galtn published a paper which illustrated what has cme t be knwn as the “wisdm f crwds” effect. The experiment f estimatin he cnducted shwed that in sme cases, the average f a large number f independent estimates culd be quite accurate.
This effect capitalizes n the fact that when peple make errrs, thse errrs aren’t always the same. Sme peple will tend t verestimate, and sme t underestimate. When enugh f these errrs are averaged tgether, they cancel each ther ut, resulting in a mre accurate estimate. If peple are similar and tend t make the same errrs, then their errrs wn’t cancel each ther ut. In mre technical terms, the wisdm f crwds requires that peple’s estimates be independent. If fr whatever reasns, peple’s errrs becme crrelated r dependent, the accuracy f the estimate will g dwn.
But a new study led by Jaquin Navajas ffered an interesting twist (转折) n this classic phenmenn. The key finding f the study was that when crwds were further divided int smaller grups that were allwed t have a discussin, the averages frm these grups were mre accurate than thse frm an equal number f independent individuals. Fr instance, the average btained frm the estimates f fur discussin grups f five was significantly mre accurate than the average btained frm 20 independent individuals.
In a fllw-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried t get a better sense f what the grup members actually did in their discussin. Did they tend t g with thse mst cnfident abut their estimates? Did they fllw thse least willing t change their minds? This happened sme f the time, but it wasn’t the dminant respnse. Mst frequently, the grups reprted that they “shared arguments and reasned tgether.” Smehw, these arguments and reasning resulted in a glbal reductin in errr. Althugh the studies led by Navajas have limitatins and many questins remain the ptential implicatins fr grup discussin and decisin-making are enrmus.
32. What is paragraph 2 f the text mainly abut?
A. The methds f estimatin.B. The underlying lgic f the effect.
C. The causes f peple’s errrs.D. The design f Galtn’s experiment.
33. Navajas’ study fund that the average accuracy culd increase even if ________.
A. the crwds were relatively smallB. there were ccasinal underestimates
C. individuals did nt cmmunicateD. estimates were nt fully independent
34. What did the fllw-up study fcus n?
A. The size f the grups.B. The dminant members.
C. The discussin prcess.D. The individual estimates.
35. What is the authr’s attitude tward Navajas’ studies?
A. Unclear.B. Dismissive.C. Dubtful.D. Apprving.
【答案】12. B13. D14. C15. D
【导语】本文是说明文。没有人是一座孤岛，文章陈述了“群体智慧”效应。实验表明，在某些情况下大量独立估计的平均值可能是相当准确的。
12.主旨大意题。根据第二段内容“This effect capitalizes n the fact that when peple make errrs, thse errrs aren’t always the same. Sme peple will tend t verestimate, and cme t underestimate. When enugh f these errrs are averaged tgether, they cancel each ther ut, resulting in a mre accurate estimate. If peple are similar and tend t make the same errrs, then their errrs wn’t cancel each ther ut. In mre technical terms, the wisdm f crwds requires that peple’s estimates be independent. If fr whatever reasns, peple s errrs becme crrelated r dependent, the accuracy f the estimate will g dwn.(这种效应利用了这样一个事实，即当人们犯错误时，这些错误并不总是相同的。有些人常常会高估，或者低估。当这些误差中有足够多的误差被平均在一起时，它们会相互抵消，从而产生更准确的估计。如果相似的人倾向于犯同样的错误，那么他们的错误不会相互抵消。从更专业的角度来说，群众的智慧要求人们的估计是独立的。如果由于任何原因，人们的错误变得相关或依赖，估计的准确性就会下降。)”可知，本段阐述了人们所犯的错误不总是相同的，各不相同的误差平均在一起，相互抵消就会产生更准确的估计，讨论了独立估计的平均如何由于误差的消除而导致更准确的预测。因此本段主要解释了“群体智慧”效应这一现象的基本逻辑。故选B。
13.细节理解题。根据第二段的“In mre technical terms, the wisdm f crwds requires that peple’s estimates be independent.(从更专业的角度来说，群众的智慧要求人们的估计是独立的。)”和第三段的“The key finding f the study was that when crwds were further divided int smaller grups that were allwed t have a discussin, the averages frm these grups were mre accurate than thse frm an equal number f independent individuals. Fr instance, the average btained frm the estimates f fur discussin grups f five was significantly mre accurate than the average btained frm 20 independent individuals.(这项研究的关键发现是，当人群被进一步划分为允许进行讨论的小组时，这些小组的平均值比同等数量的独立个体的平均值更准确。例如，从四个五人讨论组的估计中获得的平均值明显比从20个独立个体获得的平均值更准确。)”可知，人们在没有独立的情况下，分成更小群体，平均值是更准确的，说明即使在估计数字并非完全独立的情况下，准确率提高也是可以做到的。故选D。
14.推理判断题。根据第四段的“In a fllw-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried t get a better sense f what the grup members actually did in their discussin. Did they tend t g with thse mst cnfident abut their estimates? Did they fllw thse least willing t change their minds? (在一项针对100名大学生的后续研究中，研究人员试图更好地了解小组成员在讨论中的实际行为。他们是否倾向于选择那些对自己的估计最有信心的人？他们追随那些最不愿意改变主意的人吗？)”可知，在后续研究中，研究人员试图更好地了解小组成员在讨论中实际做了什么。结合两个问题，因此可知后续研究的重点是小组内的讨论过程。故选C。
15.推理判断题。根据最后一段内容“Althugh the studies led by Navajas have limitatins and many questins remain, the ptential implicatins fr grup discussin and decisin-making are enrmus.(尽管Navajas领导的研究有局限性，仍存在许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响是巨大的。)”可知，作者认为虽然Navajas领导的研究有局限性也存在许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响巨大。因此推断作者对于Navajas的研究表示一定的赞许和支持。故选D。
02（2025浙江1月卷）
A nvel design apprach t gardening has been gaining in ppularity wrldwide. Referred t as matrix planting, this apprach aims fr nature t d a lt mre f the heavy lifting in the garden, and even sme f the designing. Eschewing fertilizers (化肥) and pwer tls, it’s based n an elegantly simple principle: t garden mre like nature des.
The cncept was brn when German city planners sught t plant large areas f parkland after Wrld War II in a reprducible way that wuld need minimal maintenance. Planners created planting mixes that culd be used mdularly (模块化). In a matrix garden, plants with similar cultural needs are gruped s that they will grw tgether abve and belw grund, frming a cperative ecsystem that cnserves water and discurages weeds.
Dutch plantsman and designer Piet Oudlf’s gardens ppularized this style, adding artistic flavrs t the planting mixes while playing with clr and frm, including fur-seasn interest and serving the needs f wildlife. Beautiful year-rund, they invite yu t enjy the smallest detail, frm the sund f grasses in the gentle wind t the sculpture f dd-lking seed heads.
It takes a lt f thught t lk this natural. While matrix gardens appear wild, they are carefully planned, with cultural needs the first cnsideratin. Led by the cncept f “right plant, right place,” they match plants that enjy the same sil, sun and weather cnditins, and arrange them accrding t their patterns f grwth.
The benefits are substantial fr bth gardener and planet. With human inputs dramatically reduced, the garden’s eclgy can develp well. Established matrix gardens shuld nt need the life supprt we give mst gardens: fertilizer, dividing, regular watering. Cmpared t traditinal garden plts, they increase carbn absrptin, reduce strm water runff and bst habitat and bidiversity significantly.
28. What des the underlined wrd “Eschewing” in the first paragraph mean?
A. Running ut f.B. Keeping away frm.
C. Putting up with.D. Taking advantage f.
29. Why was the idea f matrix planting intrduced?
A. T cntrl weeds in large gardens.B. T bring in freign species f plants.
C. T cnserve sil and water resurces.D. T develp lw-maintenance parkland.
30. Which f the fllwing best describes Piet Oudlf’s gardens?
A. Traditinal.B. Odd-lking.C. Tasteful.D. Well-prtected.
31. Which f the fllwing can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. The future f gardening is WILDB. Nature treats all lives as EQUALS
C. Matrix gardens need mre CARED. Old garden plts wrk WONDERS
【导读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了矩阵式种植方法的理念、起源、发展、原则及其带来的益处。这种种植方法通过精心规划植物组合，减少人工干预，发挥自然的最大作用，从而创建一个自给自足的生态系统，不仅美观，还能显著提升环境效益。
【解析】
28. B。词义猜测题。根据首段第二句“Referred t as matrix planting, this apprach aims fr nature t d a lt mre f the heavy lifting in the garden, and even sme f the designing.”以及最后一句中的t garden mre like nature des可知，矩阵式种植方法旨在减少人工干预，发挥自然在花园的生长和设计中的更大作用。故Eschewing 应该指减少、摒弃化肥以及园艺电动工具的使用，故选B。
29. D。事实细节题。根据第二段首句“The cncept was brn when German city planners sught t plant large areas f parkland after Wrld War II in a reprducible way that wuld need minimal maintenance.”可知，矩阵式种植的目的是开发维护度极低的公园用地。develp lw-maintenance parkland 是plant large areas f parkland minimal maintenance 的同义表达，故选D。
30. C。推理判断题。根据第三段中的adding artistic flavrs、playing with clr and frm、Beautiful、enjy the smallest detail、the sund f grasses、the sculpture f dd-lking seed heads 可知，Piet Oudlf 的花园融入了艺术特色，巧妙运用色彩和形态，四季皆美，细节丰富，具有观赏价值。Tasteful意为“雅致的；有品位的”，是对artistic、Beautiful、enjy的概括。
31. A。主旨大意题。文章首段开门见山，介绍矩阵式种植方法的理念：减少人工干预，发挥自然的作用。第二、三段介绍这种设计方法的起源和发展，第四段聚焦矩阵式种植的原则“适地适树”，末段分析这种设计方法带来的益处。据此可知，文章旨在介绍一种新型园艺设计方法“矩阵式种植”，A项中WILD 意为“自然生长的”，契合矩阵式种植的理念，故选A。
03（2024浙江1月卷）
The Stanfrd marshmallw (棉花糖) test was riginally cnducted by psychlgist Walter Mischel in the late 1960s. Children aged fur t six at a nursery schl were placed in a rm. A single sugary treat, selected by the child, was placed n a table. Each child was tld if they waited fr 15 minutes befre eating the treat, they wuld be given a secnd treat. Then they were left alne in the rm. Fllw-up studies with the children later in life shwed a cnnect in between an ability t wait lng enugh t btain a secnd treat and varius frms f success.
As adults we face a versin f the marshmallw test every day. We’ re nt tempted (诱惑) by sugary treats, but by ur cmputers, phnes, and tablets — all the devices that cnnect us t the glbal delivery system fr varius types f infrmatin that d t us what marshmallws d t preschlers.
We are tempted by sugary treats because ur ancestrs lived in a calrie-pr wrld, and ur brains develped a respnse mechanism t these treats that reflected their value — a feeling f reward and satisfactin. But as we’ve reshaped the wrld arund us, dramatically reducing the cst and effrt invlved in btaining calries, we still have the same brains we had thusands f years ag, and this mismatch is at the heart f why s many f us struggle t resist tempting fds that we knw we shuldn’t eat.
A similar prcess is at wrk in ur respnse t infrmatin. Our frmative envirnment as a species was infrmatin-pr, s ur brains develped a mechanism that prized new infrmatin. But glbal cnnectivity has greatly changed ur infrmatin envirnment. We are nw ceaselessly bmbarded (轰炸) with new infrmatin. Therefre, just as we need t be mre thughtful abut ur calric cnsumptin, we als need t be mre thughtful abut ur infrmatin cnsumptin, resisting the temptatin f the mental “junk fd” in rder t manage ur time mst effectively.
32. What did the children need t d t get a secnd treat in Mischel’s test?
A. Take an examinatin alne.B. Shw respect fr the researchers.
C. Share their treats with thers.D. Delay eating fr fifteen minutes.
33. Accrding t paragraph 3, there is a mismatch between ___________.
A. the calrie-pr wrld and ur gd appetites
B. the shrtage f sugar and ur nutritinal needs
C. the rich fd supply and ur unchanged brains
D. the tempting fds and ur effrts t keep fit
34. What des the authr suggest readers d?
A. Absrb new infrmatin readily.B. Be selective infrmatin cnsumers.
C. Use diverse infrmatin surces.D. Prtect the infrmatin envirnment.
35. Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A. Eat Less, Read MreB. The Bitter Truth abut Early Humans
C. The Later, the BetterD. The Marshmallw Test fr Grwnups
【答案】32. D33. C34. B35. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。在信息化时代我们作为成年人每天都在面对棉花糖测试，信息轰炸让我们摄入了太多精神“垃圾食品”，文章对此进行了介绍。
32.细节理解题。根据第一段第四句“Each child was tld if they waited fr 15 minutes befre eating the treat, they wuld be given a secnd treat.(每个孩子都被告知，如果他们在吃之前等待15分钟，他们将得到第二次奖励。)”可知，在米歇尔的测试中，孩子们需要在吃之前等待15分钟才能得到第二次奖励。故选D。
33.细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“But as we’ve reshaped the wrld arund us, dramatically reducing the cst and effrt invlved in btaining calries, we still have the same brains we had thusands f years ag, and this mismatch is at the heart f why s many f us struggle t resist tempting fds that we knw we shuldn’t eat.(但是，当我们重塑了我们周围的世界，大大减少了获取卡路里的成本和努力时，我们的大脑仍然和几千年前一样，这种不匹配是我们这么多人努力抵抗我们知道不应该吃的诱人食物的核心原因。)”可知，根据第三段可知，丰富的食物供应和我们不曾改变的大脑之间存在不匹配。故选C。
34.细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“Therefre, just as we need t be mre thughtful abut ur calric cnsumptin, we als need t be mre thughtful abut ur infrmatin cnsumptin, resisting the temptatin f the mental “junk fd” in rder t manage ur time mst effectively.(因此，就像我们需要更仔细地考虑我们的热量消耗一样，我们也需要更仔细地考虑我们的信息消耗，抵制精神“垃圾食品”的诱惑，以便最有效地管理我们的时间。)”可知，作者建议读者做有选择性的信息消费者。故选B。
35.主旨大意题。根据第二段“As adults we face a versin f the marshmallw test every day. We’ re nt tempted (诱惑) by sugary treats, but by ur cmputers, phnes, and tablets — all the devices that cnnect us t the glbal delivery system fr varius types f infrmatin that d t us what marshmallws d t preschlers.(作为成年人，我们每天都要面对棉花糖测试。诱惑我们的不是甜食，而是我们的电脑、手机和平板电脑——所有这些将我们与全球信息传递系统连接起来的设备，它们对我们的作用就像棉花糖对学龄前儿童的作用一样。)”可知，文章主要是讲在信息化时代我们作为成年人每天都在面对棉花糖测试，信息轰炸让我们摄入了太多精神“垃圾食品”。故选D。
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04（2025·广西南宁·一模）
As pressure grws t get artificial clrs ut f the U.S. fd supply, the shift may well start at Abby Tampw’s labratry desk. Tampw is part f the team at Sensient Technlgies Crp., a tp dye-maker (色素生产商), helping thusands f U. S. businesses change clrs fr prducts like cereals and sprts drinks.
Last week, U. S. health fficials annunced plans t persuade fd cmpanies t vluntarily remve petrleum-based (石油基的) artificial dyes by the end f 2026. Health Secretary Rbert F. Kennedy Jr. called them “pisnus cmpunds” that endanger children’s health and develpment, citing limited evidence f ptential health risks.
But making the change frm the petrleum-based dyes t clrs taken frm vegetables, fruits, flwers and even insects wn’t be easy, fast, r cheap, said Mnica Giusti, an Ohi State University fd clr expert. “If all cmpanies were t remve artificial clrs frm their prducts, the supply f the natural alternatives wuld nt be enugh,” Giusti said.
“It’s nt like there’s 150 millin punds f beet juice sitting arund waiting n the ff chance the whle market may switch,” said Paul Manning, the cmpany’s chief executive. Natural dyes are harder t make and use than artificial clrs. They are less cnsistent in clr, less stable and subject t changes related t acidity, heat, and light. Als, a natural clr csts abut 10 times mre t make than the artificial versin.
In 2016, fd giant General Mills remved artificial dyes frm Trix cereal, switching t natural surces. But the cereal lst its nen clrs and became less vibrant, resulting in cnsumers’ negative reactin. Trix fans said they missed the bright clrs and familiar taste f the cereal. In 2017, the cmpany switched back.
Kennedy, the health secretary, said U. S. fficials have an “understanding” with fd cmpanies t phase ut artificial clrs. Industry fficials tld The Assciated Press that there is n frmal agreement. Hwever, several cmpanies have said they plan t accelerate a shift t natural clrs in sme f their prducts.
1．What can be inferred abut Abby Tampw’s wrk?
A．She wrks t replace artificial clrs.B．She develps a new artificial clr.
C．She markets cereals and sprts drinks.D．She researches health risks f clrs.
2．Why are health fficials urging the remval f petrleum-based dyes?
A．T lwer the prductin csts.B．T prevent pssible health risks.
C．T prmte natural alternatives.D．T push fd cmpanies’ refrm.
3．What is paragraph 4 mainly abut?
A．Why natural dyes are hard t make.B．Which dyes are mre ppular.
C．What limitatins natural dyes have.D．Hw natural dyes are prduced.
4．What can be learned abut General Mills’ attempt?
A．Health is a tp cncern in fd cmpanies.B．Clr is a pwerful driver f cnsumer behavir.
C．Taste is the decisive factr in the fd sales.D．Surce is the pririty in fd clr research.
【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．B
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍的是美国推动食品行业用天然色素替代人工色素的背景、挑战及企业实践。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Tampw is part f the team at Sensient Technlgies Crp., a tp dyemaker（色素生产商），helping thusands f U. S. businesses change clrs fr prducts like cereals and sprts drinks. (Tampw是Sensient Technlgies Crp.(一家顶级色素生产商）团队的一员，帮助数千家美国企业为谷物和运动饮料等产品更换色素)”可知，她的工作是帮助企业更换色素，结合前文提到要去除人工色素，可推断她致力于用其他色素替代人工色素。故选A项。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Health Secretary Rbert F. Kennedy Jr. called them “pisnus cmpunds” that endanger children’s health and develpment, citing limited evidence f ptential health risks.(卫生部长小罗伯特·F·肯尼迪称它们为“有毒化合物”，危及儿童健康和发育，他提到了一些有关潜在健康风险的有限证据)”可知，卫生官员敦促去除石油基染料是为了防止可能的健康风险。故选B项。
3．主旨大意题。根据第四段“Natural dyes are harder t make and use than artificial clrs. They are less cnsistent in clr, less stable and subject t changes related t acidity, heat, and light. Als, a natural clr csts abut 10 times mre t make than the artificial versin.(天然染料比人工色素更难制作和使用。它们颜色一致性较差，稳定性较低，并且容易受到酸度、热量和光照变化的影响。此外，制作一种天然色素的成本大约是人工色素的10倍)”可知，第四段主要讲述了天然染料在制作、使用、颜色稳定性及成本等方面存在的局限性。故选C项。
4．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“In 2016, fd giant General Mills remved artificial dyes frm Trix cereal, switching t natural surces. But the cereal lst its nen clrs and became less vibrant, resulting in cnsumers’ negative reactin. Trix fans said they missed the bright clrs and familiar taste f the cereal. In 2017, the cmpany switched back.(2016年，食品巨头通用磨坊从Trix谷物中去除人工色素，改用天然色素。但这种谷物失去了鲜艳的颜色，变得不那么有活力，导致消费者产生负面反应。Trix的粉丝表示，他们怀念这种谷物明亮的颜色和熟悉的味道。2017年，该公司又换回了原来的色素)”可知，因为更换色素后颜色变化引发消费者负面反应，公司又换回，说明颜色对消费者行为有很大影响，是消费者行为的一个重要驱动因素。故选B项。
05（25-26高三上·广西·开学考试）
Why did the cw g t Hllywd? Because it wanted t be in the m-vies! Get it? Because “m” is the sund a cw makes!
This is an example f a dad jke. Anyne can make a dad jke — yu dn’t have t be a parent. Mst f the time it’s just a jke that uses a very bvius and predictable pun (双关语). Dad jkes are usually thught t be pretty harmless, and maybe even cause feelings f lve.
And researchers have fund that humr may actually be an imprtant tl fr parents. A team frm the US wanted t find ut mre abut the effect humr can have when it is used by parents when raising their children. Mre than 300 peple aged between 18 and 45 tk part in a survey. They were asked t say whether they agreed r disagreed with a number f statements abut humr in parenting. These included their memries f whether humr was used by their wn parents, and if they might use it with their wn children.
Mre than 70% f the participants said they believed humr can be a useful tl in parenting. And 55% said that they had been raised by parents wh used humr in their parenting. The study als fund that peple whse parents used humr were mre likely t say they had a gd relatinship with their parents. Many participants even said they’d like t take a curse t learn abut hw they culd use humr in parenting.
S why des it wrk? The researchers said family life can be stressful, and humr can be a gd way t reduce stress levels in the hme. But that desn’t just mean telling mre dad jkes—humr culd be used instead f anger t relieve a stressful situatin, fr example.
1．Hw did the authr intrduce the phrase “dad jke”?
A．By giving an example.B．By making a definitin.
C．By explaining where t use it.D．By shwing its hidden meaning.
2．In which aspect d researchers plan t figure ut the functin f humr?
A．Family harmny.B．Scial gatherings.
C．Parenting skills.D．Parenting stress.
3．What is paragraph 4 mainly abut?
A．The benefits f using humr in educatin.
B．Different types f humr used by parents.
C．The disadvantages f humr in family relatinships.
D．Participants’ views n the use f humr in parenting.
4．What might be talked abut in the fllwing paragraph?
A．Hw humr deals with pressure.B．What effect humr has n hme.
C．Which humr shuld be stressed.D．Why humr makes peple happy.
【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍“爸爸笑话”及幽默在父母养育孩子过程中的作用和相关研究发现。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Why did the cw g t Hllywd? Because it wanted t be in the m-vies! Get it? Because ‘m’ is the sund a cw makes!(为什么奶牛要去好莱坞？因为它想参演‘牛影’（m-vies与mvies同音）！明白了吗？因为‘m’是奶牛发出的声音！)”以及第二段中的“This is an example f a dad jke.(这就是一个‘爸爸笑话’的例子)”可知，作者通过举例介绍了“爸爸笑话”这一短语。故选A项。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“A team frm the US wanted t find ut mre abut the effect humr can have when it is used by parents when raising their children.(美国的一个研究小组想进一步了解父母在养育孩子时使用幽默所产生的影响)”可知，研究人员计划弄清楚幽默在育儿技巧方面的作用。故选C项。
3．主旨大意题。根据第四段中的“Mre than 70% f the participants said they believed humr can be a useful tl in parenting. And 55% said that they had been raised by parents wh used humr in their parenting. The study als fund that peple whse parents used humr were mre likely t say they had a gd relatinship with their parents. Many participants even said they’d like t take a curse t learn abut hw they culd use humr in parenting. (超过70%的参与者表示，他们认为幽默可以成为育儿过程中的一个有用工具。55%的人说，他们的父母在养育自己时就使用过幽默。研究还发现，父母使用幽默的人更有可能表示自己与父母关系融洽。许多参与者甚至表示，他们愿意参加相关课程，学习如何在育儿中运用幽默。)”可知，第四段主要讲述了参与者对在育儿中使用幽默的看法。故选D项。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The researchers said family life can be stressful, and humr can be a gd way t reduce stress levels in the hme. But that desn’t just mean telling mre dad jkes—humr culd be used instead f anger t relieve a stressful situatin, fr example.(研究人员表示，家庭生活可能充满压力，而幽默是减轻家庭压力的好方法。但这不仅仅意味着讲更多的‘爸爸笑话’——例如，幽默可以用来代替愤怒来缓解紧张的局面)”可知，接下来的段落可能会谈论幽默是如何应对压力的。故选A项。
06（2025·浙江宁波·模拟预测）
CPR and basic first aid care are skills that millins acquire. Nw this same type f training is available fr mental health. Sigma Theta Alpha (STA), a prfessinal health rganizatin at UCnn (University f Cnnecticut), has taken the lead t bring the prgram t campus, ensuring each student can benefit frm it.
Mental Health First Aid training is a natinal initiative that is perfrmed lcally by Mental Health Cnnecticut, a statewide nn-prfit rganizatin. The grup has cme t UCnn three times fr training. “We intrduce infrmatin n mental illness with the basic facts. We dn’t teach hw t diagnse — we d the ppsite. Labeling and jumping t cnclusins based n symptms and behavirs are harmful and dangerus, because that is fr prfessinals,” says Valerie Cper, a cmmunity educatr fr the rganizatin.
Like CPR, Mental Health First Aid is a universal experience taught the same way everywhere. The prgram is split int classrm-style wrk, watching vides, and simulatin f real-life issues. The actin plan taught wrks under the acrnym f ALGEE — Assess fr risk f harm, Listen nn-judgmentally, Give reassurance and infrmatin, Encurage apprpriate prfessinal help, and Encurage self-help and ther supprt strategies. “Being a mental health first aider is t listen nn-judgmentally and create a space f trust,” says Cper. “We teach peple that listening will be mre imprtant than anything they say.”
UCnn nursing majr Lisa Iwanicki, 18, is a member f Sigma Theta Alpha. Iwanicki says she gt a lt ut f the simulatin activities. “It was cl t be in a rm with peple wh wanted t help make a change. It was nt just abut learning the signs f mental illness, but what smene can d in the cmmunity t help,” says Iwanicki. “Recvery is pssible. The mst imprtant thing is t keep peple hpeful. Yu have t try and try.”
1．What is the aim f Sigma Theta Alpha?
A．T evaluate students’ behavirs.B．T teach students basic first aid skills.
C．T treat students’ health issues.D．T enhance students’ mental well-being.
2．What shuld be stressed in cmmunicatin accrding t Valerie Cper?
A．Giving persnal suggestins.B．Aviding rush judgement.
C．Creating a private space.D．Reducing interactin.
3．What did Lisa Iwanicki learn accrding t the last paragraph?
A．The best way t treat mental illness.B．The key t prviding assistance.
C．The benefits f helping the cmmunity.D．The different signs f bdy recvery.
4．What is the passage mainly abut?
A．A student care prject at UCnn.B．Develpment f CPR skills.
C．A prfessinal health rganizatin.D．Campus activities f UCnn.
【答案】1．D 2．B 3．B 4．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍康涅狄格大学的专业健康组织STA引入心理健康急救培训项目，助力学生掌握相关技能，提升心理健康。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Sigma Theta Alpha (STA), a prfessinal health rganizatin at UCnn (University f Cnnecticut), has taken the lead t bring the prgram t campus, ensuring each student can benefit frm it.(康涅狄格大学的专业健康组织Sigma Theta Alpha（STA）率先将该项目引入校园，确保每个学生都能从中受益。)”以及第二段中对“Mental Health First Aid training”的介绍，可知STA的目标是提升学生的心理健康。故选D项。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“We dn’t teach hw t diagnse — we d the ppsite. Labeling and jumping t cnclusins based n symptms and behavirs are harmful and dangerus, because that is fr prfessinals.(我们不教如何诊断——恰恰相反。根据症状和行为贴标签并仓促下结论是有害和危险的，因为那是专业人士的工作。)”以及第三段中的“Being a mental health first aider is t listen nn-judgmentally and create a space f trust.(成为一名心理健康急救员就要不带偏见地倾听，创造一个信任的空间。)”可知，Valerie Cper认为在交流中应强调避免仓促判断。故选B项。
3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Iwanicki says she gt a lt ut f the simulatin activities. “It was cl t be in a rm with peple wh wanted t help make a change. It was nt just abut learning the signs f mental illness, but what smene can d in the cmmunity t help,” says Iwanicki. “Recvery is pssible. The mst imprtant thing is t keep peple hpeful. Yu have t try and try.”(Iwanicki说她从模拟活动中收获颇丰。“和一群想要帮助做出改变的人在一个房间里感觉很棒。这不仅仅是学习精神疾病的迹象，还包括人们在社区中可以做些什么来提供帮助，”Iwanicki说。“康复是可能的。最重要的是让人们保持希望。你必须不断尝试。”)”可知，Lisa Iwanicki学到了提供帮助的关键所在。故选B项。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文，文章主要围绕康涅狄格大学的Sigma Theta Alpha组织引入心理健康急救培训项目展开，介绍了该项目的内容、目的以及学生的收获等，因此“康涅狄格大学的一个学生关爱项目”最能概括文章主旨。故选A项。
07（24-25高二下·湖南长沙·期末）
A few years ag, yu went n a vacatin with friends, creating lasting memries — walking alng the beach, swimming in the sea, and enjying breathtaking sunsets. Hwever, the trip wasn't all smth sailing; lng drives, fd issues, and unpredictable weather. Yet, ver time, yu tend t remember the beautiful mments while the incnveniences fade . This is knwn as rsy retrspectin, a cgnitive , bias (认知偏见) where peple recall past experiences mre psitively than they felt during the actual event.
The phenmenn can be understd as the cmplex interactin f cgnitive mechanisms that shape ur memry prcesses When recalling memries, ur brains tend t fcus n psitive details and dwnplay negative aspects, which helps maintain emtinal well-being. Nstalgia (怀旧) als plays a significant rle, as it aruses feelings f warmth and belnging, leading us t view the past mre psitively. Additinally, ur current emtinal state and self-enhancement bias can influence hw we remember past events, making them seem mre favrable.
While sme individuals wh fcus mre n negative experiences may be at a higher risk f md disrders such as depressin, rsy retrspectin can elevate ur mds, increase life satisfactin, and even help us cpe with difficult present circumstances by prviding a sense f cntinuity and psitive self-identity.
Hwever, rsy retrspectin ccasinally creates an unrealistic view f the past, which can head peple t make decisins that are nt based n reality but rather n their idealized memries. It's ne f the reasns why we might repeatedly return t unhealthy relatinships. The lnger the time that has passed since the event, the mre likely we are t let the, gd memries utweigh the bad memries and perhaps even frgive unfrgivable behavir. Understanding and acknwledging this cgnitive bias can be crucial fr making accurate and beneficial decisins.
1．Hw d peple with rsy retrspectin generally recall past experiences?
A．They frget negative mments easily.
B．They recall breathtaking details repeatedly.
C．They remember adventurus trips mre clearly.
D．They view frmer experiences mre psitively.
2．What is paragraph 2 mainly abut?
A．The meaning f rsy retrspectin.
B．The reasns fr rsy retrspectin.
C．The rle f nstalgia in shaping memries.
D．The ways f keeping emtinal well-being.
3．What des the underlined wrd “evaluate” in paragraph 3 prbably mean?
A．Bst.B．Expse.C．Assess.D．Ignre.
4．What negative cnsequence may rsy retrspectin cause?
A．It may give rise t incrrect judgments.
B．It may lead t a cnstant state f depressin.
C．It may make peple miss ut n pprtunities.
D．It may raise peple's unwillingness t face reality.
【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了“玫瑰色回忆效应”这一认知偏见现象，即人们会以更积极的态度回忆过去的经历，同时分析了其产生的原因、带来的积极影响以及可能存在的消极影响。
1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“This is knwn as rsy retrspectin, a cgnitive bias (认知偏见) where peple recall past experiences mre psitively than they felt during the actual event.(这被称为玫瑰色回忆效应，是一种认知偏见，在这种情况下，人们回忆过去的经历时比实际经历时更加积极)”可知，产生玫瑰色回忆效应的人通常会更积极地看待以前的经历，故选D项。
2．主旨大意题。根据第二段“The phenmenn can be understd as the cmplex interactin f cgnitive mechanisms that shape ur memry prcesses.(这种现象可以被理解为塑造我们记忆过程的认知机制的复杂相互作用)”、“When recalling memries, ur brains tend t fcus n psitive details and dwnplay negative aspects, which helps maintain emtinal well-being. Nstalgia (怀旧) als plays a significant rle, as it aruses feelings f warmth and belnging, leading us t view the past mre psitively.( 回忆往事时，大脑往往会聚焦于积极细节，淡化负面因素，这有助于保持情绪健康。怀旧情绪也发挥着重要作用，因为它能激发温暖感和归属感，使我们对过去的看法更加积极)”以及“Additinally, ur current emtinal state and self-enhancement bias can influence hw we remember past events, making them seem mre favrable.(此外，我们当前的情绪状态和自我增强偏见会影响我们回忆过去事件的方式，使它们看起来更加有利)”可知，该段开篇点明这种现象（玫瑰色回忆效应），可理解为塑造我们记忆过程的认知机制的复杂相互作用。接着后文分别从大脑在回忆时的倾向、怀旧的作用以及当前情绪状态和自我提升偏见等方面进行阐述，解释了玫瑰色回忆效应产生的原因。所以第二段主要讲的是玫瑰色回忆效应的原因，故选B项。
3．词句猜测题。根据第三段“While sme individuals wh fcus mre n negative experiences may be at a higher risk f md disrders such as depressin, rsy retrspectin can elevate ur mds, increase life satisfactin, and even help us cpe with difficult present circumstances by prviding a sense f cntinuity and psitive self-identity (自我认同)( 虽然一些更多关注负面经历的人可能患抑郁等情绪障碍的风险更高，但玫瑰色回忆效应可以elevate我们的情绪，提高生活满意度，甚至通过提供一种连续性和积极的自我认同感来帮助我们应对当前的困难处境)”可知，前半句提到那些更多关注负面经历的人患情绪障碍（如抑郁）的风险更高，while表示对比转折，可推理出后半句玫瑰色回忆效应应该是能带来积极的影响，“elevate ur mds”与“increase life satisfactin(提高生活满意度)”并列，可推测“elevate”意思是“提升、促进”，与“Bst(促进)”意思相近，故选A项。
4．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Hwever, rsy retrspectin ccasinally creates an unrealistic view f the past, which can lead peple t make decisins that are nt based n reality but rather n their idealized memries.(然而，玫瑰色回忆效应偶尔会对过去产生不切实际的看法，这可能会导致人们做出的决定不是基于现实，而是基于他们理想化的记忆)”可知，玫瑰色回忆效应的一个潜在负面影响是它会导致不正确的判断，故选A项。
08（2025·湖北·模拟预测）
I was in a meeting, and my phne lit up with endless ntificatins (消息提示). “Is it urgent news? A friend’s engagement? A crisis?” The fear f missing ut r therwise appearing irrespnsible in wrk tre me apart... Yu must have been there t.
A Stylist research reveals 50% f British adults struggle t keep up with rapid grup chats, with the average persn invlved in 83 f them. It’s a clear sign that ur lives are mre cnnected than ever, yet ften feel emtinally empty. But why exactly d they have the ptential t fuel such negative emtins?
Fr mst, even if they chse t g against the pressure t stay nline all the time, skipping chats means facing a great number f unread messages later, which nly pses greater stress t catch up.
Besides, there’s a lack f real cnnectin. “Grup chats can make us feel like we’re surrunded by peple, yet still smehw n the utside,” says psychlgist Abby Rawlinsn. If everyne’s chatting and yu’re nt part f the flw — r yur message gets n replies — it can stir up that quiet ache f invisibility. Scientists have fund that scial rejectin, even in digital frm, activates the same brain regins as physical pain des, thus causing stress and despair.
“The emtinal aspect f grup interactins is subtle and ften unspken, which shapes hw we feel we are seen, included and valued,” says Rawlinsn. Over time, these patterns start t mirrr real-life scial hierarchy (等级制度) — even if n ne’s ding it cnsciusly.
This all rings true. But instead f falling int a rabbit hle where my message ges unanswered in a grup chat and I wnder if I’m the prblem, blaming myself fr it, I mentally put myself in thers’ shes and think: If I dn’t respnd fr a while, will they be mad? Prbably nt. I remind myself that grup chats are just a tl that helps us stay in tuch.
1．Why des the authr mentin her meeting experience?
A．T present a cmmn dilemma.B．T highlight her ppularity.
C．T warn against imprper use f phnes.D．T indicate her respnsibility fr wrk.
2．What is a negative effect f unanswered messages?
A．They mean mre unread messages.B．They lead t a feeling f being ignred.
C．They result in unfair scial ranks.D．They remind peple f physical pain.
3．What des the underlined phrase “a rabbit hle” in the last paragraph refer t?
A．The tendency fr self-criticism.B．The pressure t stay cnstantly nline.
C．The fear f missing ut in grup chats.D．The urge t endlessly check ntificatins.
4．What is the text mainly abut?
A．The ppularity f grup chats.B．Ways t imprve grup chats.
C．The emtinal cst f grup chats.D．Scial inequality revealed in grup chats.
【答案】1．A 2．B 3．A 4．C
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章以作者开会时手机消息提示不断的经历引入，分析了群聊带来负面情绪的原因，指出群聊虽让生活更有联系却常使人情感空虚。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“I was in a meeting, and my phne lit up with endless ntificatins (消息提示). ‘Is it urgent news? A friend’s engagement? A crisis?’ The fear f missing ut r therwise appearing irrespnsible in wrk tre me apart... Yu must have been there t.(当时我正在开会，手机突然被源源不断的消息提示点亮。“是紧急新闻？朋友订婚？还是突发危机？”害怕错过重要消息，或是担心在工作场合显得不负责任，这种念头让我备受煎熬……你一定也经历过这种时刻)”可知，作者提到自己开会的经历是为了呈现一种人们普遍会遇到的两难境地。故选A项。
2．细节理解题。根据第四段中“If everyne’s chatting and yu’re nt part f the flw — r yur message gets n replies — it can stir up that quiet ache f invisibility. Scientists have fund that scial rejectin, even in digital frm, activates the same brain regins as physical pain des, thus causing stress and despair.(如果每个人都在聊天，而你没有参与其中——或者你的消息没有得到回复——这会激起那种被忽视的隐痛。科学家发现，社交排斥，即使是数字形式的，也会激活与身体疼痛相同的大脑区域，从而导致压力和绝望)”可知，未得到回复的消息会导致一种被忽视的感觉。故选B项。
3．词句猜测题。根据划线短语所在句“But instead f falling int a rabbit hle where my message ges unanswered in a grup chat and I wnder if I’m the prblem, blaming myself fr it, I mentally put myself in thers’ shes and think: If I dn’t respnd fr a while, will they be mad?(但这次我没有陷入那种“在群里发了消息没人回就开始自我怀疑”的a rabbit hle，而是换位思考：如果我暂时没回复，别人真的会生气吗？大概率不会)”中定语从句“where my message ges unanswered in a grup chat and I wnder if I’m the prblem, blaming myself fr it”可知，“a rabbit hle”指“在群里发了消息没人回就开始自我怀疑”这一种自我批评的倾向，与A项“The tendency fr self-criticism.”意思一致。故选A项。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第二段“A Stylist research reveals 50% f British adults struggle t keep up with rapid grup chats, with the average persn invlved in 83 f them. It’s a clear sign that ur lives are mre cnnected than ever, yet ften feel emtinally empty. But why exactly d they have the ptential t fuel such negative emtins?(《Stylist》一项最新研究显示，50%的英国成年人疲于应付快节奏的群聊，平均每人竟加入了83个群组。这充分说明，虽然我们的社交联系比以往任何时候都更紧密，内心却常常感到空虚。但究竟是什么让群聊容易引发负面情绪呢？)”可知，本文主要探讨了是什么让群聊容易引发负面情绪，即与群聊相关的情感代价。故选C项。
09（2025·广西南宁·一模）
With their stiff leaves and large flwers, brmeliads can add drama t a plant stand r windw sill. Thugh they are nt the flashiest f huseplants, sme pllutin scientists are ready t give them credit. Their new data shw these plants are experts at cleaning the air.
Paints, furniture, phtcpiers and printers, cleaning supplies and dry-cleaned clthes can all release vlatile rganic chemicals, r VOCs. Chrnic VOC expsure pses serius health risks, frm dizziness and asthma t ptential rgan damage and cancer. But certain types f greenery can suck the pllutants up, which keeps them safely away frm us. Chemist Vadud Niri’s fund that a single brmeliad can remve at least 80 percent f six different VOCs frm the air inside a 76-liter cntainer. His team tested five huseplants against eight VOCs, finding brmeliads utperfrmed thers. Only tw VOCs, dichlrmethane and trichlrmethane were ignred by all plants.
Plants absrb VOCs frm the air, explains medicinal chemist Webe Kadima. Thse gases enter thrugh tiny penings in plant leaves and stems. Once inside, the plant’s enzymes (酶) break dwn the VOCs int smaller, harmless chemicals.
Of curse, a huse, r even a bedrm, is much bigger than the cntainer Niri and his team used. But their wrk suggests peple might breathe easier if they can figure ut what type and hw many plants it takes t clean the air in a rm. This is imprtant because indr air usually has three t five times greater cncentratins f VOCs than utdr air.
Niri says he plans t test hw many huseplants it takes t clean the air in an average-size rm. After that, he will repeat the experiment in a nail saln. With bttles f nail plish and remver, the air in thse salns tends t have high levels f VOCs, he ntes.
While special air filtering machines might d the same jb as green plants, they cst a lt mre, Niri says. And they are nwhere near as pretty as a brmeliad, especially ne in blm.
1．What is ne f Niri’s findings abut brmeliads?
A．They beat machines in air cleaning.B．They lead in VOCs remval during tests.
C．They absrb mst pllutants in a rm.D．They break dwn VOCs thrugh enzymes.
2．What des Webe Kadima try t explain in paragraph 3?
A．The necessity t slve air pllutin.B．The pllutant remval prcess f plants.
C．The medical value f plants’ enzymes.D．The absrptin capability f different plants.
3．What will be the fcus f Niri’s research?
A．Designing cheap air-filtering device.B．Researching blming brmeliads.
C．Repeating the tests in varius salns.D．Testing plant perfrmance in larger space.
4．What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A．Plants: Efficient VOCs RemverB．Enzyme: Air Pllutin Slutin
C．Brmeliads: Nature’s Air PurifierD．Nail Salns: Indr VOCs Prducer
【答案】1．B 2．B 3．D 4．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍凤梨科植物在清除空气中挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）方面表现出色，及其净化空气的原理和相关研究计划。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Chemist Vadud Niri’s fund that a single brmeliad can remve at least 80 percent f six different VOCs frm the air inside a 76-liter cntainer. His team tested five huseplants against eight VOCs, finding brmeliads utperfrmed thers.(化学家Vadud Niri发现，在76升的容器中，一株凤梨科植物能清除空气中至少80%的六种不同挥发性有机化合物。他的团队用八种挥发性有机化合物对五种室内植物进行了测试，发现凤梨科植物的表现优于其他植物。)”可知，Niri关于凤梨科植物的发现之一是在测试中它们在清除挥发性有机化合物方面领先。故选B项。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Plants absrb VOCs frm the air, explains medicinal chemist Webe Kadima. Thse gases enter thrugh tiny penings in plant leaves and stems. Once inside, the plant’s enzymes (酶) break dwn the VOCs int smaller, harmless chemicals.(药用化学家Webe Kadima解释说，植物从空气中吸收挥发性有机化合物。这些气体通过植物叶子和茎上的微小开口进入。一旦进入，植物的酶会将挥发性有机化合物分解成更小的无害化学物质。)”可知，Webe Kadima在第三段试图解释植物清除污染物的过程。故选B项。
3．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Niri says he plans t test hw many huseplants it takes t clean the air in an average-size rm. After that, he will repeat the experiment in a nail saln.(Niri说，他计划测试在一个普通大小的房间里需要多少室内植物才能净化空气。之后，他将在一家美甲沙龙重复这个实验。)”可知，Niri的研究重点将是测试植物在更大空间里的表现。故选D项。
4．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Thugh they are nt the flashiest f huseplants, sme pllutin scientists are ready t give them credit. Their new data shw these plants are experts at cleaning the air.(尽管这些植物并非是最引人注目的室内植物，但一些污染研究专家却愿意认可它们的作用。他们的最新研究结果表明，这些植物是净化空气的能手。)”以及文章内容可知，文章主要围绕凤梨科植物展开，介绍了其在清除空气中挥发性有机化合物方面的出色能力、净化原理以及相关研究，因此“凤梨科植物：大自然的空气净化器”最适合作为本文标题。故选C项。
10（24-25高三下·河北秦皇岛·阶段练习）
Bering Sea snw crabs (蟹) are well suited fr Arctic (北极的) cnditins. But the sutheastern Bering Sea is changing t mre subarctic cnditins thrugh a prcess called brealizatin (北方化), accrding t a reprt released by the Natinal Oceanic and Atmspheric Administratin. It’s a prcess that’s als happening in ecsystems n land in Alaska. As a result, cld-water species like snw crabs mve away r struggle t survive, while species typically fund in warmer regins may spread int brealized areas.
“Like an Arctic ecsystem n land arund Ktzebue is traditinally tundra and frzen, yu dn’t have plants. But as yu brealize, yu get mre plants, even trees. S yu can imagine what a huge transfrmatin it is t g frm treeless areas t frests. And it’s the same type f thing ging frm ice-assciated t ice-free all year,” Mike Litzv, the lead authr f the reprt, said.
This brealizatin, brught n by human-caused climate change, has mre negative effects n snw crabs in the sutheastern Bering Sea. That includes shifts in fd availability fr snw crabs, which means the species may face starvatin, and an increased incidence f bitter crab disease. These were all evident in 2018–2019 when the special barrier — a cld pl f water in the Bering Sea — disappeared, bringing n extreme ecsystem changes that allwed different species f grundfish t mve further nrth. Litzv and his team had previusly cnfirmed that a cmbinatin f these factrs caused the crash f snw crab ppulatins between the years 2018 and 2019, when the species decreased by mre than 90%. The ppulatin still hasn’t recvered.
After the last tw back-t-back years withut a cmmercial fishery, fishermen have als nt fully recvered. The new reprt indicates the fishery may be entirely displaced in the cming decades. “The recent changes are nt part f a ne-ff event and ecsystem-wide changes are expected t cntinue t affect snw crab ppulatins in the future,” Litzv said.
1．What can be learned abut brealizatin?
A．It is unique t the Bering Sea.
B．It is usually a natural prcess.
C．It can cause bidiversity changes.
D．It has a negative wrldwide effect.
2．Why des Litzv mentin Ktzebue’s ecsystem?
A．T shw the pace f Arctic warming.
B．T explain the impact f brealizatin.
C．T illustrate the value f the ecsystem.
D．T discuss features f Arctic cnditins.
3．What challenge d snw crabs face?
A．The fd shrtage.
B．The fishery develpment.
C．The threat frm fish.
D．The delay f cld pls.
4．What’s the best title f the text?
A．Climate Change Hits Arctic Wildlife
B．Brealizatin Is Becming a New Trend
C．Bering Sea Will Lse Snw Crabs Sn
D．Eclgical Shifts Drive Snw Crab Decline
【答案】25．C 26．B 27．A 28．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍白令海雪蟹因北方化这一生态变化数量锐减及面临的生存挑战。
25．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“As a result, cld-water species like snw crabs mve away r struggle t survive, while species typically fund in warmer regins may spread int brealized areas.(结果，像雪蟹这样的冷水物种要么迁移，要么难以生存，而通常生活在较温暖地区的物种可能会扩散到北方化的区域。)”可知，北方化会导致生物多样性发生变化。故选C项。
26．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Like an Arctic ecsystem n land arund Ktzebue is traditinally tundra and frzen, yu dn’t have plants. But as yu brealize, yu get mre plants, even trees. S yu can imagine what a huge transfrmatin it is t g frm treeless areas t frests. And it’s the same type f thing ging frm ice-assciated t ice-free all year(就像科策布周围的北极陆地生态系统传统上是冻原和冰封的，没有植物。但随着北方化的进行，会出现更多的植物，甚至树木。所以你可以想象从无树地区到森林是一个多么巨大的转变。而从与冰相关到全年无冰也是同样的情况)”可知，Litzv提到科策布的生态系统是为了解释北方化带来的影响。故选B项。
27．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“That includes shifts in fd availability fr snw crabs, which means the species may face starvatin, and an increased incidence f bitter crab disease. (这其中包括雪蟹食物可获得性的变化——这意味着该物种可能面临饥饿——以及苦蟹病发病率的上升。)”可知，雪蟹面临食物短缺的挑战。故选A项。
28．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第三段中的 “Litzv and his team had previusly cnfirmed that a cmbinatin f these factrs caused the crash f snw crab ppulatins between the years 2018 and 2019, when the species decreased by mre than 90%.(Litzv和他的团队此前证实，这些因素的综合作用导致了2018至2019年间雪蟹种群的崩溃，当时该物种数量减少了 90% 以上。)”可知，文章主要讲述了由于北方化等生态变化，白令海雪蟹的生存受到威胁，种群数量大幅下降，因此 “生态变化导致雪蟹数量减少” 最能概括全文主旨，适合作为最佳标题。故选D项。
11（24-25高二下·山西大同·期末）
Blumberg, a senir lecturer in the math department at University f Hustn Dwntwn, sld her mther’s place in favr f smething smaller. While packing up, she fund her late mther’s three knit sweaters in varius stages f cnstructin. She knew exactly wh they were intended fr: the first, a blue and white garment, was fr her mther; the secnd, all purple, was fr Blumberg; and the third was fr Blumberg’s daughter.
She brught them t a lcal knitting stre t be finished. The emplyees there, in turn, put her in cntact with anther shp, where a wrker asked her, “Have yu ever heard f Lse Ends?” Blumberg hadn’t. She wuld learn Lse Ends is a nnprfit rganizatin that matches peple wh have unfinished wrk frm lved nes, wh have either passed away r becme disabled, with crafters in their area wh can finish quilting, knitting and ther prjects, all at n charge. It has 30,000 vlunteer “finishers” wh have taken ver abut 3,500 prjects since its launch.
Blumberg cntacted Lse Ends, and they linked her up with a nearby finisher, Anna, t take ver her mther’s wrk. “All I culd d when I met Anna was give her a big hug,” Blumberg said, tearing up. “It’s unbelievable hw special this prject is. Otherwise, I wuld have spent a frtune t get this dne.”
Anna spent mnths n the sweaters, and said she’s happy t have a part in what she saw as a beautiful stry that culd bind generatins. The prject reminded her f her wn family: her grandmther was a knitter as well, until arthritis made it hard t cmplete thse delicate knitting mvements. “It’s making sure peple have these physical bjects that yu can hug when yu’re missing a persn. That’s a big deal,” said she.
1．Hw were her mther’s knit sweaters when Blumberg fund them?
A．Uncleaned.B．Unfinished.C．Undecrated.D．Unclured.
2．What d we knw abut Lse Ends?
A．It cmfrts thse wh lst lved nes.B．It repairs valued persnal pssessins.
C．It matches crafters with thse in need.D．It makes individually tailred sweaters.
3．What can be inferred frm what Blumberg said?
A．She regretted asking vlunteers fr help.B．She expected t learn mre frm Anna.
C．She disliked the rganizatin’s prject.D．She’s grateful fr Anna’s generus help.
4．Which ne can be the best title fr the text?
A．A Tight-Knit CmmunityB．The Knitting Skills
C．An Enthusiastic VlunteerD．The Knit Sweaters
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Blumberg在整理母亲遗物时发现未完成的毛衣，通过“Lse Ends”组织找到志愿者完成遗作，感受到社区温暖的故事。
1．细节理解题。 根据第一段中“While packing up, she fund her late mther’s three knit sweaters in varius stages f cnstructin. (收拾行李时，她发现了已故母亲的三件针织毛衣，这些毛衣都处于不同的编织阶段)”可知，Blumberg发现母亲的毛衣处于未完成状态。“in varius stages f cnstructin”对应“unfinished”。故选B。
2．细节理解题。 根据第二段中“She wuld learn Lse Ends is a nnprfit rganizatin that matches peple wh have unfinished wrk frm lved nes, wh have either passed away r becme disabled, with crafters in their area wh can finish quilting, knitting and ther prjects, all at n charge. (她渐渐了解到，“Lse Ends”是一个非营利组织，它为那些持有已故或残疾亲人留下的未完成手工作品的人，对接当地有能力完成绗缝、针织等各类手工艺项目的匠人，而且所有服务都是免费的)”可知，该组织将工匠与有需求的人匹配起来。故选C。
3．推理判断题。 根据第三段中““All I culd d when I met Anna was give her a big hug,” Blumberg said, tearing up. “It’s unbelievable hw special this prject is. Otherwise, I wuld have spent a frtune t get this dne.” (“见到Anna时，我能做的就是给她一个大大的拥抱，” Blumberg说着，眼泪涌了上来。“这个项目的意义太特别了，简直令人难以置信。否则，我要花一大笔钱才能完成这件事。”)”可推断，Blumberg对Anna的帮助充满感激。故选D。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文，并结合第二段中“She wuld learn Lse Ends is a nnprfit rganizatin that matches peple wh have unfinished wrk frm lved nes, wh have either passed away r becme disabled, with crafters in their area wh can finish quilting, knitting and ther prjects, all at n charge. (她渐渐了解到，“Lse Ends”是一个非营利组织，它为那些持有已故或残疾亲人留下的未完成手工作品的人，对接当地有能力完成绗缝、针织等各类手工艺项目的匠人，而且所有服务都是免费的)”和最后一段“Anna spent mnths n the sweaters, and said she’s happy t have a part in what she saw as a beautiful stry that culd bind generatins. The prject reminded her f her wn family: her grandmther was a knitter as well, until arthritis made it hard t cmplete thse delicate knitting mvements. “It’s making sure peple have these physical bjects that yu can hug when yu’re missing a persn. That’s a big deal,” said she.(安娜花了几个月的时间来制作这些毛衣，她说她很高兴能参与到这个可以联系几代人的美丽故事中来。这个项目让她想起了自己的家庭：她的祖母也是一个编织者，直到关节炎使她难以完成那些精细的编织动作。“这是为了确保人们在想念一个人时可以拥抱这些实物。这是件大事，”她说)” 可知，本文主要讲述了Lse Ends组织通过志愿者帮助人们完成亲人未完成的手工项目，传递温暖与联结的故事，强调社区的紧密联系。A项“一个紧密相连的社区”能概括这种通过手工艺传承和互助形成的联系，符合主旨，是文章的最佳标题。故选A。
卷别
细节理解题
猜测词义题
推理判断题
主旨大意题
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同义替换
与原文关键信息相同含义的不同表达
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对分散或复杂的信息进行概括或比较
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把原文中的意思反过来表达意思明了
原文原词
利用原文原词作为正确选项比较简单
张冠李戴
是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容
无中生有
符合生活常识，但不是该文章的内容
曲解文意
极其相似但是细节处与原文有些出入
颠倒是非
在意思上与原文大相径庭或完全相反
正误参半
选项内容部分正确，部分和原文错误
以偏概全
范围过于狭窄，仅阐述文章的局部信息
选项
选项
答案注释
A
Rescuing Schl Gardens拯救学校花园项目
干扰较大，rescue不合时宜
B
Experiencing Cuntry Life体验乡村生活
偏离文章主题，忽视关键词
C
Grwing Vegetable Lvers变成蔬菜爱好者
涵盖性强，紧扣本文主题
D
Changing Lcal Landscape改变当地风景
偏离主题，忽视文章话题
选项
选项
答案注释
A
Cckats: Quick Errr Checkers凤头鹦鹉：快速错误检查者
偏离文章主旨，忽视关键词
B
Cckats: Independent Learners凤头鹦鹉：独立自主学习者
偏离文章主题，忽视关键词
C
Cckats: Clever Signal-Readers凤头鹦鹉：聪明信号阅读者
干扰性强，忽略首段主题
D
Cckats: Skilful Shape-Srters凤头鹦鹉：识别形状的熟练工
紧扣首段首句，言简意赅
选项
选项
答案注释
A
Time t Replace Huseplants该替换室内植物啦
偏离文章主旨，忽视关键词
B
Plants Bst Yur Md植物改善你的情绪
紧扣尾段主旨，言简意赅
C
Tips n Chsing Huseplants选择室内植物的小贴士
忽略文章主题，偏离主旨
D
Plants Brighten Yur Hme绿植为家居增添亮色
干扰性较强，忽略情感价值
选项
选项
答案注释
A
Why the Rush? 何必这么着急？
契合文章主旨，言简意赅
B
What’s Next? 接下来做什么？
标题莫名其妙，无中生有
C
Where t Stay? 住哪儿呢？
忽略首尾段主题，偏离主旨
D
Wh t Blame? 该怪谁呢？
偏离文章主旨，干扰性强