高考英语二轮-七选五（知识清单）（教师版）

这是一份高考英语二轮-七选五（知识清单）（教师版），共42页。学案主要包含了思维导图，高考考向，真题呈现，开学考试模拟试题等内容，欢迎下载使用。

二、高考考向
1.从体裁来看，说明文占据绝对优势，记叙文和议论文相对较少；
2.从话题来看，“人与自我”和“人与社会”占比偏多，“人与自然”偏少；
3.从位置来看，段中句最多，段首句和段尾句次之；还有半截儿句；
4.从技巧来看，代词替代、词语复现和逻辑关系是做好七选五必杀技；
5.从干扰来看，段落标题句和词语复现最容易设干扰选项，务必重视。
三、真题呈现
-----------------------------------------【2015题组】----------------------------------------
（2015全国I卷）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Building Trust in a Relatinship Again
Trust is a learned behavir that we gain frm past experiences. 1 Trust is a risk. But yu can’t be successful when there’s a lack f trust in a relatinship that results frm an actin where the wrngder takes n respnsibility t fix the mistake.
Unfrtunately, we’ve all been victims f betrayal. Whether we’ve been stlen frm, lied t, misled, r cheated n, there are different levels f lsing trust. Smetimes peple simply can’t trust anymre. 2 It’s understandable, but if yu’re willing t build trust in a relatinship again, we have sme steps yu can take t get yu there.
● 3 Having cnfidence in yurself will help yu make better chices because yu can see what the best utcme wuld be fr yur well­being.
● 4 If yu’ve been betrayed, yu are the victim f yur circumstance. But there’s a difference between being a victim and living with a “victim mentality”. At sme pint in all f ur lives, we’ll have ur trust tested r vilated.
●Yu didn’t lse “everything”. Once trust is lst, what is left? Instead f lking at the situatin frm this hpeless angle, lk at everything yu still have and be thankful fr all f the gd in yur life. 5 Instead, it’s a healthy way t wrk thrugh the experience t allw rm fr psitive grwth and frgiveness.
A．Learn t really trust yurself.
B．It is putting cnfidence in smene.
C．Stp regarding yurself as the victim.
D．Remember that yu can expect the best in return.
E．They’ve been t badly hurt and they can’t bear t let it happen again.
F．This knwledge carries ver in their attitude tward their future relatinships.
G．Seeing the psitive side f things desn’t mean yu’re ignring what happened.
【答案】1．B 2．E 3．A 4．C 5．G
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一旦失去了信任，应该如何再次建立信任。
1．根据前一句Trust is a learned behavir that we gain frm past experiences可知，信任是我们从过去的经验中学到的一种行为，B项：It is putting cnfidence in smene.(是相信某人)进一步解释信任，符合文意，故选B。
2．根据前一句Smetimes peple simply can’t trust anymre.可知，有时人们根本无法信任他人。E项They’ve been t badly hurt and they can’t bear t let it happen again.(他们受到严重的伤害且不能忍受再次发生)承接上文，说明所带来的不良后果。故选E。
3．根据下文Having cnfidence in yurself will help yu make better chices because yu can see what the best utcme wuld be fr yur well­being可知，对自己有信心会帮助你做出更好的选择，因为你能看到对你的幸福最好的结果是什么。所以本段主要在说要学会信任自己，故A项：Learn t really trust yurself.(要学会信任自己)符合文意。故选A。
4．根据后文If yu’ve been betrayed, yu are the victim f yur circumstance. But there’s a difference between being a victim and living with a “victim mentality”.可知，如果你被背叛了，那么你是一个受害者。然而是受害者与以受害者的心态活着是有区别的。所以此段主要在说不要认为自己是受害者，C项：Stp regarding yurself as the victim.(别把自己当成受害者。)符合文意。故选C。
5．根据下文Instead, it’s a healthy way t wrk thrugh the experience t allw rm fr psitive grwth and frgiveness.可知，相反，要把这种积极的态度当成一种健康的生活方式。所以选项与后一句为转折关系。G项：Seeing the psitive side f things desn’t mean yu’re ignring what happened.(既要看到事情的积极面并不意味着忽视所发生的事情)符合文意。故选G。
（2015全国II卷）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Training fr a marathn (马拉松)needs careful preparatin and steady, gradual increases (增加)in the length f the runs. 1 , buy the best-fitting, best-built running shes yu can find. N ne can say which brand will wrk best fr yu r feel best n yur feet, s yu have t rely n yur experience and n the feel f each pair as yu shp. When yu have fund shes that seem right, walk in them fr a few days t check the fit again and again. 2 . As always, yu shuld stretch (伸展) at least ten minutes befre each run t avid injuries.
During the first week, d nt think abut distance, but run five minutes lnger each day. 3 , it is wise t take ne day ff t rest. But during the next week, set a gal f at least a mile and a half per run. 4 . After tw weeks, start timing yurself. 5 .
Depending n the kind f race yu plan t jin in, yu can set up a timetable fr the remaining weeks befre the race.
A．After yu have trained fr six days
B．If yu want t be a gd marathn runner
C．Befre yu start yur training fr a marathn
D．With each day, increase the distance by a half mile
E．If they still feel gd, yu can begin running in them
F．Time spent fr preparatin imprves the quality f training
G．Nw yu are ready t set a gal f imprving distance and time
【答案】1．C 2．E 3．A 4．D 5．G
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了进行马拉松训练的具体做法。首先要为训练做好准备：准备好跑鞋以及训练前的热身动作。第一周：训练跑步时间的逐天增加；第二周：训练跑步距离的逐天增加；两周后，开始计时跑，制订逐步提高跑步时间和距离的计划。
1．根据空后“buy the best-fitting running shes yu can find（买一双你能找到的最合适的跑鞋）”可知，此处是为了跑马拉松之前进行的准备工作。由此可知，C项“Befre yu begin yur training（在你开始训练之前）”符合文意。故选C。
2．根据空前“When yu have fund shes that seem right, walk in them fr a few days t check the fit again and again.（当你找到一双似乎合适的鞋子，穿上走几天再次检查一下是否合脚）可知，E选项中they指的是前面提到的shes，属于指代一致性，另外feel gd与the fit有关。由此可知，E项“If they still feel gd, yu can begin running in them（如果它们仍然感觉不错，你就可以穿着它们开始跑步了）”符合文意。故选E。
3．根据空前“During the first week, d nt think abut distance, but run five minutes lnger each day.（在第一周，不要考虑距离，而是每天多跑5分钟。）”可知，此处提到了一周七天的时间。再根据空后it is wise t take a day ff t rest（明智的做法是休息一天）可知，剩余的就是六天的时间。由此可知，A项“After yu have trained fr six days”（在你训练六天后）符合文意。故选A。
4．根据空前面“But during the next week, set a gal f at least a mile and a half per run.（但在接下来的一周，设定一个目标，每次跑步至少1.5英里）可知，此处指在距离上开始制定目标。由此可知，D项“With each day, increase the distance by a half mile（每天增加半英里的距离）”符合文意。故选D。
5．根据上文“During the first week, d nt think abut distance, but run five minutes lnger each during the next week, set a gal f at least a mile and a half per run.（在第一周，不要考虑距离，而是每天多跑5分钟……但在接下来的一周，设定一个目标，每次跑步至少1.5英里）及“After tw weeks, start timing yurself.（两周后开始自己计时）”可知，此处提到了逐日增加跑步的时间和长度，两周后自己开始计时。由此可知，G项“Nw yu are ready t set a gal f imprving distance and time.（现在，准备好去制定一个提高距离和时间的目标）符合文意。故选G。
-----------------------------------------【2014题组】----------------------------------------
（2014全国I卷）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The jbs f the future have nt yet been invented. 1 By helping them develp classic skills that will serve them well n matter what the future hlds.
1. Curisity
Yur children need t be deeply curius. 2 Ask kids, “What ingredients (配料) can we add t make these pancakes even better next time?” and then try them ut. Did thse ingredients make the pancakes better? What culd we try next time?
2. Creativity
True creativity is the ability t take smething existing and create smething new frm it. 3 There are a dzen different things yu can d with them. Experimenting with materials t create smething new can g a lng way in helping them develp their creativity.
3. Interpersnal Skills
Understanding hw thers feel can be a challenge fr kids. We knw what’s ging n inside ur wn head, but what abut thers? Being able t read peple helps kids frm misreading a situatin and jumping t false cnclusins. 4 “Why d yu think she’s crying?” “Can yu tell hw that man is feeling by lking at his face? If smene were t d that t yu, hw wuld yu feel?”
4. Self-expressin
5 There are many ways t express thughts and ideas — music, acting, drawing, building, phtgraphy. Yu may find that yur child is attracted by ne mre than anther.
A．Encurage kids t ck with yu.
B．And we can’t frget science educatin.
C．We can give kids chances t think abut materials in new ways.
D．S hw can we help ur kids prepare fr jbs that dn’t yet exist?
E．Gardening is anther great activity fr helping kids develp this skill.
F．We can d this in real life r ask questins abut characters in stries.
G．Being able t cmmunicate ideas in a meaningful way is a valuable skill.
【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．F 5．G
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章就如何让孩子适应未来的工作，提出了四个方面的建议：在生活和学习中培养好奇心、创造力、人际交往技巧和自我表达。
1．考查上下文的语境理解。根据By helping them develp classic skills that will serve them well n matter what the future hlds.可知，这里叙述的是帮助他们发展最优秀的技能，所以上句应该怎样帮助为了他们未来的工作而做好准备。D项：S hw can we help ur kids prepare fr jbs that dn’t yet exist?(我们怎样才能帮助孩子们准备那些还不存在的工作呢？)符合语境。故选D。
2．考查上下文的语境理解。根据Ask kids, “What ingredients (配料) can we add t make these pancakes even better next time” and then try them ut.可知，下文叙述的是做煎饼时添加什么配料会更好，所以上句应该鼓励孩子和你一起做饭。A项：Encurage kids t ck with yu.(鼓励孩子们和你一起做饭)符合语境。故选A。
3．考查上下文的语境理解。根据True creativity is the ability t take smething existing and create smething new frm it.可知，上文叙述的是培养孩子的创造力，给他们一些材料，然后从这些材料中创造出新的东西。所以下文应该是我们给孩子提供机会用新的方式来使用这些材料。C项：We can give kids chances t think abut materials in new ways.(我们可以给孩子们以新的方式思考使用材料的机会)符合语境.故选C。
4．考查上下文的语境理解。根据“Why d yu think she’s crying?” “Can yu tell hw that man is feeling by lking at his face? If smene were t d that t yu, hw wuld yu feel?”可知，此处是问孩子怎样判断人的情感问题，所以上句应该是我们在真实生活的做法及在故事中的人物一些问题。F项：We can d this in real life r ask questins abut characters in stries.(我们可以在现实生活中这样做，也可以问一些关于故事中人物的问题)符合语境。故选F。
5．考查语境理解及主题句。根据There are many ways t express thughts and ideas — music, acting, drawing, building, phtgraphy. Yu may find that yur child is attracted by ne mre than anther.可知，有许多方法表达出自己的想法和观点，所以用一种有效的方式交流是一种技能。G项：Being able t cmmunicate ideas in a meaningful way is a valuable skill.(能够以有意义的方式交流思想是一项宝贵的技能)符合语境。故选G。
（2014全国II卷）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Tips fr Cking n a Tight Schedule
Frm my experience, there are three main reasns why peple dn't ck mre ften: ability, mney, and time. 1 Mney is a tpic I'll save fr anther day. S tday I want t give yu sme wisdm abut hw t make the mst f the time yu spend in the kitchen. Here are three tips fr great cking n a tight schedule:
●Think ahead. The mments when I think cking is a pain are when I'm already hungry and there's nthing ready t eat. S think ahead f the cming week. When will yu have time t ck? D yu have the right materials already? 2
●Make yur time wrth it. When yu d find time t ck a meal, make the mst f it and save yurself time later n. Are yu making ne laf f bread? 3 It takes arund the same amunt f time t make mre f smething. S save yurself the effrt fr a future meal.
● 4 This may surprise yu, but ne f the best tls fr making cking wrth yur time is experimentatin. It gives yu the chance t hit upn new ideas and recipes that can wrk well with yur appetite and schedule. The mre yu learn and the mre yu try, the mre ability yu have t take cntrl f yur fd and yur schedule.
Hpefully that gives yu a gd start. 5 And dn't let a busy schedule discurage yu frm making sme great changes in the way yu eat and live!
A. Try new things.
B. Ability is easily imprved.
C. Make three r fur instead.
D. Understand yur fd better.
E. Cking is a burden fr many peple.
F. Let cking and living simply be a jy rather than a burden.
G. A little time planning ahead can save a lt f wrk later n.
【答案】1．B 2．F 3．C 4．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了在紧凑的时间内烹饪的技巧。
1．根据上文“Frm my experience, there are three main reasns why peple dn’t ck mre ften: ability, mney and time.(从我的经验来看，人们不经常做饭的主要原因有三个：能力、金钱和时间)”以及后文“Mney is a tpic I’ll save fr anther day. S tday I want t give yu sme wisdm abut hw t make the mst f the time yu spend in the kitchen.(钱是我以后再谈的话题。所以今天我想给你一些关于如何充分利用你在厨房里的时间的智慧)”可知，本句是在说明做饭的能力问题。故B选项“能力很容易提高”符合语境，故选B。
2．根据上文“Think ahead. The mments when I think cking is a pain are when I’m already hungry and there is nthing ready t eat. S think ahead f the cming week. When will yu have time t ck? D yu have the right materials ready?(想在前面。当我觉得做饭是一件痛苦的事情时，我已经饿了，没有任何东西可以吃。所以要提前考虑下周的事情。你什么时候有时间做饭？你们准备好材料了吗？)”可知，本段的主旨是提前计划做饭，并做好准备。故F选项“提前计划一点时间可以节省以后的大量工作”符合语境，故选F。
3．根据后文“Are yu making ne laf f bread?(你在做一条面包吗？)”以及后文“It takes arund the same amunt f time t make mre f smething. S save yurself the effrt fr a future meal.(制造更多的东西需要同样多的时间。所以下次吃饭的时候就省省吧)”可知，本句主要就做面包的数量提出建议。故C选项“做三个或四个”符合语境，故选C。
4．根据本段内容“This may surprise yu, but ne f the best tls fr making cking wrth yur time is experimentatin. It gives yu the chance t hit upn new ideas and recipes (食谱) that can wrk well with yur appetite and schedule. The mre yu learn and the mre yu try, the mre ability yu have t take cntrl f yur fd and yur schedule.(这可能会让你感到惊讶，但让烹饪值得你花时间的最好工具之一就是实验。它让你有机会碰到新的想法和食谱，可以很好地配合你的胃口和日程安排。你学得越多，尝试得越多，你就越有能力控制自己的饮食和日程安排)”可知，本段的主旨是尝试新的事物来进行学习。故A选项“尝试新事物”符合语境，故选A。
---------------------------------------【2013题组】----------------------------------------
（2013全国I卷）
Business is the rganized apprach（途径） t prviding custmers with the gds and services they want.
The wrd business als refers t an rganizatin that prvides these gds and services. Mst business seek t make a prfit(利润)-that is, they aim t achieve incme(收入) that is mre than the csts f perating the business. 1 Cmmnly called nnprfits, these rganizatins are primarily nngvernmental（非政府的） service prviders. 2
Business management is a term used t describe the techniques(方法) f planning, directin, and cntrl f the peratins f a business. 3 One is the establishment (制定) f brad basic plicies(政策) with respect t prductin; sales; the purchase(购买) f equipment, materials and supplies; and accunting(会计). 4 The third relates t the establishment(建立) f standards f wrk in all departments. Directin is cncerned primarily with supervisin(监管) and guidance by the management in authrity. 5
A．Cntrl includes the use f recrds and reprts t cmpare actual wrk with the set standards fr wrk.
B．In this cnnectin there is the difference between tp management and perative management.
C．Examples f nnprfit business tp management and perative management.
D．Hwever, sme businesses nly seek t enugh t cver their perating csts
E．The secnd aspect relates t the applicatin f these plicies by departments.
F．In the thery f business management, rganizatin has tw main aspects.
G．Planning in business management has three main aspects.
【答案】1．D 2．C 3．G 4．E 5．A
【分析】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了商业上的一些情况，商业的运转需要商业的管理，这种管理涉及到商业计划，发展方向和公司的管理调控等三个方面，本文围绕这几个方面进行了介绍。
1．根据空后“通常被称为非营利组织，主要是非政府服务提供商”可知，空处应承接下文，对“非营利企业”进行说明，故D选项“然而，一些企业只寻求赚足够的钱来支付他们的运营成本”切题，且空处与上文 “大多数企业都在寻求利润——也就是说，他们的目标是获得超过企业运营成本的收入”形成转折关系，故选D项。
2．根据上文提到非营利公司，下文列举了几种非营利组织，故C选项“非营利企业的例子包括社会服务机构和许多医院”切题，承上启下。故选C项。
3．根据第二段的第一句“商业管理是一个术语，用于描述业务运营的计划、指导和控制技术”是主题句，起到总领下文的作用，接下来从三方面进行分述the techniques f planning, directin, and cntrl f the peratins f a business，按顺序先说planning。故G项“企业管理中的计划有三个主要方面”切题。故选G项。
4．根据上文经营管理计划有三个方面和前面的One，后面句中的The third可知，空处讲述的是第二方面， 故E项“第二个方面与各部门对这些政策的应用有关”切题。故选E项。
5．根据本段第一句“商业管理是一个术语，用于描述业务运营的计划、指导和控制技术”起到总领下文的作用可知，本段主要讲述the techniques f planning, directin, and cntrl三个方面，前文讲了两个方面，由此判断接下来是第三个方面“cntrl”，故A项“控制包括使用记录和报告将实际工作与工作的既定标准进行比较”切题。故选A项。
（2013全国II卷）
Public Speaking Training
●Get a cach
1 s get help. Since there are abut a billin cmpanies ut there all ready t ffer yu public speaking training and curses, here are sme things t lk fr when deciding the training that’s right fr yu.
●Fcus n psitives
Any training yu d t becme mre effective at public speaking shuld always fcus n the psitive aspects f what yu already d well. Nthing can hurt cnfidence mre than being tld that yu aren’t ding well. 2 , s gd public speaking training shuld develp thse instead f telling yu what yu shuldn’t d.
● 3
If yu find a public speaking curse that lks as thugh it’s ging t give yu lts f ds and dn’ts, walk away! Yur brain is s full f what yu’re ging t be talking abut. 4 . As far as we’re cncerned, there are basically n hard and fast rules abut public speaking. Yur audience can be yur friends.
●Yu are a special persn nt a clne
Mst imprtantly, gd public speaking training shuld treat yu as a special ne, with yur wn persnal habits. 5 . Yur training curse shuld help yu bring ut yur persnality, nt try t turn yu int smene yu’re nt.
A．S trying t frce a whle set f rules int it will just make things wrse
B．The ne thing yu dn’t want is fr them t fall asleep
C．Whatever the speech, public speaking is tugh
D．Cheek the rules abut ds and dn’ts
E．Turn yur back n t many rules
F．Yu already d lts f things well
G．Yu aren’t like anybdy else
【答案】1．C 2．F 3．E 4．A 5．G
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了进行公共演讲的训练要点。你可以找到一个教练帮助你进行公众演讲训练也可以参加公众演讲训练课，并且指出应该找到适合自己的培训机构。
1．根据下文“Since there are abut a billin cmpanies ut there all ready t ffer yu public speaking training and curses”（由于大约有10亿家公司准备为你提供公开演讲训练和课程）以及空后“s get help”（因此，要求助）可知，公开演讲不容易，我们要寻求帮助，可以参加相关的课程。C项“无论什么样的演讲，公开演讲都很难”符合题意，故选C。
2．根据上文“Nthing can hurt cnfidence mre than being tld that yu aren’t ding well.”（没有什么比被告知你做得不好更能伤害信心了。）和“s gd public speaking training shuld develp thse instead f telling yu what yu shuldn’t d.”（因此，好的公开演讲培训应该培养这些能力，而不是告诉你不应该做什么。）推知，空处应陈述培训机构应该对参加培训人进行正面积极的评价。F项“你已经把很多事情做好了”符合题意，且呼应小标题“Fcus n psitives”（关注积极的方面）。故选F。
3．本题位于段首，为整段的主旨大意。根据下文“If yu find a public speaking curse that lks as thugh it’s ging t give yu lts f ds and dn’ts, walk away!”（如果你发现一门公共演讲课程似乎会给你很多应该做和不应该做的事情，那就走吧！）可知，如果有的培训讲太多的条条框框的话，就不要参加，即要对条条框框说不。E项“要对条条框框说不“作为本段主旨，符合题意。故选E。
4．根据上文“Yur brain is s full f what yu’re ging t be talking abut.”（你的脑子里满是你要说的东西。）可知，脑子里装满了条条框框只会使情况变得更糟。A项“因此试图将一整套规则强行纳入其中只会使事情变得更糟”符合题意。故选A。
5．根据小标题“Yu are a special persn nt a clne”（你是一个特别的人而不是一个克隆人）以及上文“Mst imprtantly, gd public speaking training shuld treat yu as a special ne，with yur wn persnal habits.”（最重要的是，良好的公共演讲培训应该把你当成一个特殊的人，有你自己的个人习惯。）可知，此处要说明，每个人都是与众不同的，有自己的习惯。G项“你和其他任何人都不一样”符合题意，且呼应标题。故选G。
（2013辽宁卷）
Frgiveness
T frgive is a virtue, but n ne has ever said it is easy. When smene has deeply hurt yu, it can be extremely difficult t let g f yur hate. Hwever, frgiveness is pssible, and it can be surprisingly beneficial t yur physical and mental health. Peple wh frgive shw less sadness, anger and stress and mre hpefulness, accrding t a recent research.
1 Try the fllwing steps：
Calm yurself. 2 Yu can take a cuple f breaths and think f smething that gives yu pleasure: a beautiful scene in nature, r smene yu lve.
Dn’t wait fr an aplgy. Many times the persn wh hurt yu des nt intend t aplgize. They may have wanted t hurt yu r they just dn’t see things the same way. 3 Keep in mind that frgiveness des nt necessarily mean becming friends again with the persn wh upset yu.
Take the cntrl away frm yur ffender (冒犯者). Rethinking abut yur hurt gives pwer t the persn wh caused yu pain. Instead f fcusing n yur wunded feelings, learn t lk fr the lve, beauty and kindness arund yu.
4 If yu understand yur ffender, yu may realize that he r she was acting ut f unawareness, fear, and even lve. Yu may want t write a letter t yurself frm yur ffender’s pint f view.
Dn’t frget t frgive yurself. 5 But it can rb yu f yur self­cnfidence if yu dn’t d it.
A．Why shuld yu frgive?
B．Hw shuld yu start t frgive?
C．Recgnize the benefits f frgiveness.
D．Try t see things frm yur ffender’s angle.
E．Fr sme peple, frgiving themselves is the biggest challenge.
F．T make yur anger die away, try a simple stress­management technique.
G．If yu wait fr peple t aplgize, yu culd be waiting an awfully lng time.
【答案】1．B 2．F 3．G 4．D 5．E
【分析】文章是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了人们宽恕他人的方法和途径。
1．根据第一段的内容和“Try the fllwing steps”可知，接下来是提的建议，故空白处是问“应该怎样原谅他人呢？”之类的话。起承上启下的作用，故选B。
2．根据Calm yurself(要冷静)和take a cuple f breaths(深呼吸)可知，这里讲的是，要学会舒缓愤怒，让自己平静下来。F选项T make yur anger die away, try a simple stress-management technique.让愤怒逐渐消散，尝试一个简单的压力管理技巧，符合，故选F。
3．根据第一句“Dn't wait fr an aplgy.”可知，不能等待他人的原谅，G选项If yu wait fr peple t aplgize, yu culd be waiting an awfully lng time.如果等他人来道歉，你可能会等相当长的时间，G项与wait fr有关，故选G。
4．根据IfIf yu understand yur ffender, yu may realize that he r she was acting ut f unawareness, fear, and even lve.可知，如果你理解惹怒你的人，你可能会意识到他是无意伤害你的，应该站在对方的角度考虑一下。D选项Try t see things frm yur ffender's angle.试着站在对方的角度思考问题.，符合。故选D。
5．根据“Dn't frget t frgive yurself.”和“ yu f yur self-cnfidence if yu dn’t d it”可知，最后一段说的是，要学会自我原谅，E项“对一些人来说，原谅他们自己是最大的挑战”符合语境。故选E。
-----------------------------------------【2012题组】----------------------------------------
（2012课标卷）
Kids’ Health: Fur Steps fr Fighting Stress
Everybdy gets stressed frm time t time. 1 Sme ways, like screaming r hitting smene, dn’t slve much. But ther ways, like talking t smene yu trust, can lead t yu slving yur prblem r at least feeling better.
Try taking these fur steps the next time yu are stressed:
Get supprt. When yu need help, reach ut t the peple wh care abut yu. Talk t trusted adults, such as parents r ther relatives. 2 They might have had similar prblems, such as dealing with a test, r the death f a belved pet.
D nt take it ut n yurself. Smetimes when kids are stressed and upset they take it ut n themselves. In fact, that’s nt a gd idea. Remember that there are always peple t help yu. 3
Try t slve the prblem. After yu’ re calm and yu have supprt frm adults and friends, it’s time t get dwn t business. 4 Even if yu can’t slve it all, yu can slve a piece f it.
Be psitive. Mst stress is temprary. Remember stress des g away, especially when yu figure ut the prblem and start wrking n slving it.
These steps aren’t magic, but they d wrk. And if yu can stay psitive as yu make yur way thrugh a hard time, yu will help yurself feel better even faster. 5 S, remember the abve ways when yu are stressed.
A．Then, find a way t calm dwn.
B．Yu need t figure ut what the prblem is.
C．Ah, it feels s gd when the stress is gne.
D．Different peple deal with stress in different ways.
E．Chatting with yur friends is als a gd chice.
F．Ntice yur friends’ feelings and find a way t help them.
G．Yu’d better turn t them t get yu thrugh the difficult situatin.
【答案】1．D 2．E 3．G 4．B 5．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了孩子们应对压力的四个步骤，即寻求支持、不要自我伤害、尝试解决问题和保持积极，强调这些步骤有助于缓解压力。
1．根据下文“Sme ways, like screaming r hitting smene, dn’t slve much. But ther ways, like talking t smene yu trust, can lead t yu slving yur prblem r at least feeling better. (有些方式，比如尖叫或打人，解决不了什么问题。但其他方式，比如和你信任的人交谈，能让你解决问题或者至少感觉好些。)” 可知，此处应说明不同人应对压力方式不同。D选项“不同的人以不同的方式应对压力。” 符合语境，引出后文不同应对压力方式的内容，故选D。
2．根据上文“Talk t trusted adults, such as parents r ther relatives. (和信任的成年人交谈，比如父母或其他亲戚。)” 可知，此处应补充除了和成年人交谈，其他寻求支持的方式。E选项“和你的朋友聊天也是一个不错的选择。” 符合语境。故选E。
3．根据上文“Remember that there are always peple t help yu. (记住总会有人帮助你。)” 可知，此处应说明要向这些人求助以度过困境。G选项“你最好向他们求助以度过困境。” 符合语境，承接前文，说明应对方式，故选G。
4．根据上文“After yu’ re calm and yu have supprt frm adults and friends, it’s time t get dwn t business. (在你冷静下来并得到大人和朋友的支持后，是时候着手解决问题了。)” 可知，此处阐述解决问题的第一步。B选项“你需要弄清楚问题是什么。” 符合语境。故选B。
5．根据上文 “And if yu can stay psitive as yu make yur way thrugh a hard time, yu will help yurself feel better even faster. (如果你能在度过艰难时期时保持积极，你会让自己感觉好得更快。)” 可知，此处应说明压力消失后的感觉。C选项“啊，压力消失的时候感觉真好。” 符合语境，故选C。
（2012辽宁卷）
Friendship is a very imprtant human relatinship and everyne needs gd friends. But there are times in ur lives such as when we have recently mved int a new twn, r changed ur schls r jbs. Such changes ften leave us withut a friend. 1 But fr many f us, the prcess is difficult and requires curage. Here are sme helpful suggestins n hw t make and keep friends.
Assciate with thers.
The first step t make friends is assciating with peple. Yu can g t public places t meet new peple. Besides, yu will need t make yurself knwn by becming an active member f such places.
Start a cnversatin.
Starting a cnversatin is the secnd mst imprtant step in making new friends. 2 Yu can always start the cnversatin. Being able t make small talk is a very useful skill in relating (关联的) with ther peple.
3
Chsing friends with cmmn interests is imprtant in building friendship as these interests always bring yu and yur friend tgether. Hanging ut will always be a pleasant experience.
Let it grw.
It is a gd thing t stay in cntact. Hwever, try nt t press yur new friend with calls, messages r visits as this wuld likely wear him r her ut and finally yu may lse yur friend. 4 The best friendships are the nes that grw naturally.
Enjy yur friendship.
The best way t enjy yur friendship is t allw yur friends t be themselves. 5 Try nt t change them frm wh they are t what yu want them t be. Becme the kind f friend yu will want yur friend t be.
A．Hang ut frequently.
B．D things tgether.
C．Dn’t wait t be spken t.
D．Try nt t find fault with yur friend.
E．Making new friends cmes easy fr sme peple.
F．Fr a friendship t develp yu need t stay in cntact.
G．S yu will need t give yur friend time t react t yu.
【答案】1．E 2．C 3．B 4．G 5．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了关于如何交友和保持朋友关系的一些有用建议。
1．根据空前的“But there are times in ur lives such as when we have recently mved int a new twn, r changed ur schls r jbs. Such changes ften leave us withut a friend. (但是，在我们的生活中，有些时候，比如我们最近搬到了一个新的城市，或者换了学校或工作。这样的变化常常使我们失去朋友)”可知，搬到新地方会使我们失去原来的朋友，结合空后的“But fr many f us, the prcess is difficult and requires curage. Here are sme helpful suggestins n hw t make and keep friends. (但对我们中的许多人来说，这个过程是困难的，需要勇气。这里有一些关于如何交朋友和保持友谊的有用的建议)”可知，此处指出在新环境中交朋友是困难的，但是有一些有用的建议。由此可推知，空处应该指出人们搬到新地方会失去原来朋友的解决办法——即交新朋友，E选项“Making new friends cmes easy fr sme peple.(交新朋友对有些人来说很容易)”讲述的内容承接上文的内容，且和下文是转折关系。故选E项。
2．根据空前的“Starting a cnversatin is the secnd mst imprtant step in making new friends. (开始交谈是结交新朋友的第二重要步骤)”可知，交朋友时，开始交谈是第二重要的步骤，所以C选项“Dn’t wait t be spken t.(不要等着别人跟你说话)”讲述的内容衔接空前的内容，且与本段的主题句“Start a cnversatin.(开始交谈)”内容吻合，符合上下文语境。故选C项。
3．分析语篇可知，此处是本段主题句，与其它段落的主题句一致，均为祈使句，根据空后的“Chsing friends with cmmn interests is imprtant in building friendship as these interests always bring yu and yur friend tgether. Hanging ut will always be a pleasant experience. (选择有共同兴趣的朋友对于建立友谊很重要，因为这些兴趣总是把你和你的朋友联系在一起。出去玩永远是一种愉快的经历)”可知，本段指出交朋友时要和朋友一起做事情，所以B选项“D things tgether.(一起做事)”能概括本段主旨。故选B项。
4．根据空前的“Hwever, try nt t press yur new friend with calls, messages r visits as this wuld likely wear him r her ut and finally yu may lse yur friend. (然而，尽量不要给你的新朋友打电话、发短信或者来访，因为这样可能会让他或她筋疲力尽，最终你可能会失去你的朋友)”以及本段的主题句“Let it grw.(让它成长)”可知，不要急于给你的新朋友打电话、发短信或者来访，要让友谊慢慢成长，所以G选项“S yu will need t give yur friend time t react t yu.(所以你需要给你的朋友时间来回应你)”讲述的内容是要给朋友时间来回应我们，与本段的主题句以及空前的内容吻合。故选G项。
5．根据空前的“The best way t enjy yur friendship is t allw yur friends t be themselves. (享受友谊的最好方式就是让你的朋友做他们自己)”可知，要让朋友作自己，结合空后的“Try nt t change them frm wh they are t what yu want them t be. (尽量不要改变他们，让他们成为你想要他们成为的人)”指出了我们该做什么和不该做什么，由此可知，空处也应是指出我们的做法，D选项“Try nt t find fault with yur friend.(不要挑你朋友的毛病)”讲述的是不要挑朋友的毛病，承接空前的让朋友做自己，且与空后讲述的内容吻合。故选D项。
-----------------------------------------【2011题组】----------------------------------------
（2011全国I卷）
Mney Matters
Parents shuld help their children understand mney. 1 . S yu may start talking abut mney when yur child shws an interest in buying things, candy r tys, fr example.
● The basic functin f mney
Begin explaining the basic functin f mney by shwing hw peple trade mney fr gds r services. It is imprtant t shw yur child hw mney is traded fr the things he wants t have.If he wants t have a ty, give him the mney and let him hand the mney t the cashier(收银员). 2 . When yur child grws a bit lder and understands the basic functin f mney, yu can start explaining mre cmplex ways f using mney.
● Mney lessns
Apprach mney lessns with penness and hnesty. 3 . If yu must say n t a child’s request t spend mney, explain, “Yu have enugh ty trucks fr nw.” Or, if the request is fr many different things, say, “Yu have t make a chice between this ty and that ty.”
● 4
Begin at the grcery stre. Pick ut tw similar brands f a prduct—a kind f name-brand butter and a generic (无商标消费品),fr example. Yu can shw yur child hw t make chices between different brands f a prduct s that yu can save mney. 5 . If he chses the cheaper brand, allw him t make anther purchase with the mney saved. Later, yu may explain hw the mre expensive chice leaves less mney fr ther purchases.
A．Wise decisins
B．The value f mney
C．Permit the child t chse between them
D．Tell yur child why he can—r cannt—have certain things
E．Ask yurself what things that cst mney are mst imprtant t yu
F．Talk abut hw the mney bught the thing after yu leave the ty stre
G．The best time t teach a child smething abut mney is when he shws an interest
【答案】1．G 2．F 3．D 4．A 5．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章提出了家长如何帮助孩子们理解有关金钱的问题。并从三方面提供了解决问题的方法：解释钱的基本功能、教会孩子理性花钱和做出明智的选择。
1．根据下文“S yu may start talking abut mney when yur child shws an interest in buying things, candy r tys, fr example. (因此，当你的孩子对买东西、糖果或玩具表现出兴趣时，你可能会开始谈论金钱)”可知，空格处和下文应该是因果关系，且下文的“when yur child shws an interest in buying things”是对此处信息的复现。G项“The best time t teach a child smething abut mney is when he shws an interest. (教孩子一些关于金钱的知识的最佳时机是当他表现出兴趣的时候)”符合语境。故选G项。
2．空格处内容应该与上一句“If he wants t have a ty, give him the mney and let him hand the mney t the cashier(收银员). (如果他想要玩具，就把钱给他，让他把钱交给收银员)”有关，都是关于买玩具的事情。F项“Talk abut hw the mney bught the thing after yu leave the ty stre. (谈谈你离开玩具店后，钱是怎么买的)”与本段小标题“The basic functin f mney (货币的基本功能)”是非常吻合的。故选F项。
3．根据后文的两个假设，即两个if引导的从句来看，此处应是对后文意义的概括，即告诉孩子为什么能或者不能买某些东西。D项“Tell yur child why he can—r cannt—have certain things. (告诉你的孩子为什么他可以或不能拥有某些东西)”符合语境。故选D项。
4．此处是小标题。根据下文“Begin at the grcery stre. Pick ut tw similar brands f a prduct—a kind f name-brand butter and a generic (无商标消费品),fr example. Yu can shw yur child hw t make chices between different brands f a prduct s that yu can save mney.( 从杂货店开始。挑选两种类似品牌的产品，例如一种名牌黄油和一种仿制品。你可以向孩子展示如何在不同品牌的产品之间做出选择，这样你就可以省钱)”可知，这一段主要讲的是家长在商店如何帮助孩子做出明智的选择。根据各选项的句式不难看出答案应该在A、B两项中选择，再根据两项中的关键词decisins和value可知，A项“Wise decisins (明智的决定)”最能概括本段主旨。故选A项。
5．根据下文“If he chses the cheaper brand(如果他选择了更便宜的品牌)”可知，此处应说明允许孩子在不同的品牌之间做出选择。C项“Permit the child t chse between them. (允许孩子在两者之间做出选择)”符合语境。故选C项。
（2011辽宁卷）
Easy Ways t Keep Yur Brain Sharp
Everyne is frgetful, but as we age, we start t feel like ur brains are slwing dwn a bit-and that can be a very annying thing. 1 Read n fr sme techniques wrth trying.
2
Peple wh regularly made plans and lked frward t upcming events had a 50 percent reduced chance f Alzheimer's disease (早老性痴呆症), accrding t a recent study. 3 Smething as simple as setting a gal t have a weekly cffee date with a friend will d. There's evidence that peple wh have a purpse in life r wh are wrking n lng r shrt-term gals appear t d better. In ther wrds, keep yur brain lking frward.
G fr a walk.
Mildly raised glucse (葡萄糖) levels can harm the area f the brain that helps yu frm memries and physical activity can help get bld glucse dwn t nrmal levels. In fact, exercise prduces chemicals that are gd fr yur brain. 4
Learn smething new.
Take a Spanish class nline, jin a drawing club, r learn t play cards. A study fund that mental stimulatin (刺激) limits the weakening effects f aging n memry and the mind. But the best thing fr yur brain is when yu learn smething new and are physically active at the same time. 5
A．Fcus n the future.
B．This can be especially harmful t the aged.
C．It shuld be smething like learning gardening, r g dancing with yur friends.
D．Live a regular life.
E．But dn't wrry if yur schedule isn't filled with life changing events.
F．Luckily, research shws there is a lt yu can d t avid thse mments.
G．In ther wrds, when yu take care f yur bdy, yu take care f yur brain.
【答案】1．F 2．A 3．E 4．G 5．C
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述的是我们可以通过一些简单的途径来保持我们的大脑健康敏锐，比如：聚焦未来、保持积极向上的心态、保持思维灵敏、锻炼身体学习新知识。
1．根据上文“we start t feel like ur brains are slwing dwn a bit-and that can be a very annying thing.”（我们开始觉得自己的大脑在一点点迟钝，这可能是一件非常烦人的事情。）和下文的“Read n fr sme techniques wrth trying.”（读一些值得尝试的技巧）可知，设空处应陈述，有方法可以避免上文提到的情况。F项“Luckily, research shws there is a lt yu can d t avid thse mments.”（幸运的是，研究表明，可以做很多事情来避免那些情况。）符合语境。故选F项。
2．设空处为本段小标题。根据下文“Peple wh regularly made plans and lked frward t upcming events had a 50 percent reduced chance f Alzheimer's disease (早老性痴呆症), accrding t a recent study.”（最近的一项研究表明，那些经常做计划以及向前看的人患早老性痴呆症的几率减少了50%）和“There's evidence that peple wh have a purpse in life r wh are wrking n lng r shrt-term gals appear t d better. In ther wrds, keep yur brain lkingfrward.”（经常做计划，制定短期或长期目标的人会做得更好，要保持思维超前）可知，本段主要讲述要关乎未来发生的事情。A项“Fcus n the future.”（关注未来）可以作为本段小标题，其中future呼应下文的keep yur brain lkingfrward。故选A项。
3．下文“Smething as simple as setting a gal t have a weekly cffee date with a friend will d”（同朋友约会喝咖啡这样的简单事情也行），与E项“But dn't wrry if yur schedule isn't filled with life changing events.”（但是，请不要担心日程安排中是否充满着改变人生的事件。）承接自然，选项中的life changing与下文的simple对应。故选E项。
4．根据上文“Mildlyraised glucse (葡萄糖)levels can harm the area f the brain that helps yu frm memries and physical activity can help get bld glucse dwn t nrmal levels”（轻度升高的葡萄糖水平会损害帮助形成记忆的大脑区域，而体育锻炼有助于使血糖降至正常水平）可推知锻炼能产生有益大脑的化学物质。G项“In ther wrds, when yu take care f yur bdy, yu take care f yur brain.”（换句话说，当照顾好自己的身体时，便会照顾好大脑。）其中take care f yur bdy与前文physical activity形成呼应，符合本段语境。故选G项。
5．本段的主旨为“Learn smething new.”(学新的东西)。根据上文“But the best thing fr yur brain is when yu learn smething new and are physically active at the same time”（对大脑最好的事情是你学新东西时，身体也要动，即脑力劳动和体力劳动相结合的事），可知C项“It shuld be smething like learning gardening, r g dancing with yur friends.”（它可以是学习园艺或与朋友一起跳舞之类的事。）是最前文的具体解释，也照应主旨句中的learn。故选C项。
四、开学考试模拟试题
-----------------------------------------【开学考题组】----------------------------------------
（25-26高三上·广东·开学考试）Fr many, the idea f being “average” is scary — t the pint that there’s a wrd fr fear f merely being rdinary and average — that’s kinphbia. 1 With that in mind, kinphbia specifically refers t fear f living an rdinary life, ne that desn’t stand ut．
What causes kinphbia? Generally, peple wh struggle with lw self-respect might fear being average if their self-wrth is tied t a certain skill. It can be a way t make up fr insecurities： If I can be gd and impactful enugh, maybe I’ll feel gd abut myself. 2 This can lead t the feeling that everyne else is achieving mre than we are, which may cntribute t a rise in kinphbia.
3 Besides the anxiety that cmes with kinphbia, thse wh pursue greatness withut rest are at increased risk fr burnut. Furthermre, peple with kinphbia tend t have high standards fr themselves and their accmplishments. Unavidably, they may fail t live up t these standards, which can harm their cnfidence.
It’s kay t be mtivated by a desire t d smething big, but when fear f being average can prevent yu enjying yur life, it becmes a prblem. S give yurself grace and allw fr balance. If yu have prjects and gals, yu can certainly wrk twards them. 4
T vercme kinphbia, yu can als practice self-acceptance s that yu feel kay with wh yu are as yu are nw. If yu find yurself feeling inadequate (不胜任的) when yu see what everyne else seems t be accmplishing, take scial media breaks. 5 Finally, chsing reasnable expectatins fr yurself can prevent yu frm ver-extending yurself.
A．Set sme manageable gals.
B．Kinphbia can be prblematic.
C．Instead,fcus n smething yu enjy.
D．There is always mre that yu can try t accmplish.
E．We’re all prbably average r belw average at smething.
F．But als d care fr yurself and give yurself space t have fun.
G．Mrever, many peple n scial media nly pst the great things they’re ding.
【答案】1．E 2．G 3．B 4．F 5．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章围绕“普通恐惧症（kinphbia）”展开，介绍了其定义、产生原因、带来的问题以及克服这种恐惧的方法。
1．根据空前的“Fr many, the idea f being “average” is scary — t the pint that there’s a wrd fr fear f merely being rdinary and average — that’s kinphbia. (对许多人来说，“平庸”的想法是可怕的——以至于有一个词专门用来形容对平凡和平庸的恐惧，那就是普通恐惧症。)”以及空后的“With that in mind, kinphbia specifically refers t fear f living an rdinary life, ne that desn’t stand ut. (考虑到这一点，普通恐惧症特指对过平凡生活的恐惧，一种不起眼的生活。)”可知，此处应承接前文“平庸”的话题，为后文进一步解释普通恐惧症做铺垫，E选项“We’re all prbably average r belw average at smething. (我们每个人可能在某些方面都处于平庸或低于平庸的水平。)”符合语境，既承认了“平庸”的普遍性，又自然过渡到对普通恐惧症的具体定义。故选E项。
2．根据空前的“What causes kinphbia? Generally, peple wh struggle with lw self-respect might fear being average if their self-wrth is tied t a certain skill. It can be a way t make up fr insecurities： If I can be gd and impactful enugh, maybe I’ll feel gd abut myself. (普通恐惧症的成因是什么？通常来说，自尊心较低的人如果将自我价值与某项技能绑定，就可能会害怕变得平庸。这种恐惧或许是弥补不安全感的一种方式：要是我能足够优秀、足够有影响力，或许就能自我感觉良好了。)”以及空后的“This can lead t the feeling that everyne else is achieving mre than we are, which may cntribute t a rise in kinphbia. (这可能会让人觉得其他人都比我们取得了更多成就，这可能会导致普通恐惧症的加剧。)”可知，此处应补充另一个导致普通恐惧症的原因，且该原因能引出“他人成就更高”的感受，G选项“Mrever, many peple n scial media nly pst the great things they’re ding. (此外，社交媒体上的很多人只发布他们所做的了不起的事情。)”符合语境，“只发布好事”会让看到的人产生“他人更优秀”的错觉，进而加剧对平庸的恐惧，衔接前文的成因分析与后文的结果。故选G项。
3．根据空后的“Besides the anxiety that cmes with kinphbia, thse wh pursue greatness withut rest are at increased risk fr burnut. Furthermre, peple with kinphbia tend t have high standards fr themselves and their accmplishments. Unavidably, they may fail t live up t these standards, which can harm their cnfidence. (除了普通恐惧症带来的焦虑，那些不停追求卓越的人倦怠的风险也会增加。此外，有普通恐惧症的人往往对自己和自己的成就有很高的标准。不可避免地，他们可能无法达到这些标准，这会损害他们的自信心。)”可知，本段主要讲述普通恐惧症带来的问题，此处应作为本段主旨句，B选项“Kinphbia can be prblematic. (普通恐惧症可能会带来问题。)”符合语境，概括了后文提到的焦虑、倦怠、自信心受损等问题，起到总领本段的作用。故选B项。
4．根据空前的“It’s kay t be mtivated by a desire t d smething big, but when fear f being average can prevent yu enjying yur life, it becmes a prblem. S give yurself grace and allw fr balance. If yu have prjects and gals, yu can certainly wrk twards them. (被做大事的欲望所激励是可以的，但当对平庸的恐惧阻碍你享受生活时，它就成了一个问题。所以要善待自己，保持平衡。如果你有项目和目标，你当然可以为之努力。)”可知，此处应强调在追求目标的同时，也要兼顾生活和自我关怀，F选项“But als d care fr yurself and give yurself space t have fun. (但也要照顾好自己，给自己留出娱乐的空间。)”符合语境，“but als”承接前文“为之努力”，体现“平衡”的理念，符合前文“保持平衡”的建议。故选F项。
5．根据空前的“T vercme kinphbia, yu can als practice self-acceptance s that yu feel kay with wh yu are as yu are nw. If yu find yurself feeling inadequate (不胜任的) when yu see what everyne else seems t be accmplishing, take scial media breaks. (要克服普通恐惧症，你还可以练习自我接纳，这样你就能对现在的自己感到满意。如果你看到别人似乎都在取得成就，而自己却感到力不从心，那就暂时远离社交媒体。)”可知，此处应给出远离社交媒体后的替代做法，以帮助缓解“力不从心”的感受，C选项“Instead,fcus n smething yu enjy. (相反，专注于你喜欢的事情。)”符合语境，“instead”承接前文“远离社交媒体”，提出积极的替代行为，有助于自我接纳和克服恐惧，符合克服普通恐惧症的方法逻辑。故选C项。
（25-26高三上·安徽·开学考试）Keys t Entrepreneurial (创业者的) Success
Starting a business is ften viewed as a challenging, high-risk venture. Many peple dream f entrepreneurship but dn’t knw where t start. Yu may be an ambitius entrepreneur waiting fr the perfect idea, enugh years f experience, the right team, r significant funding t cme yur way. 1
Instead f verthinking what the market “needs”, examine yur wn life and identify a prblem that yu have persnally faced. Peple will say there are bad ideas, but every idea is gd because it brings yu clser t yur best idea. 2 That desn’t make r break a business as much as yur ability t execute (执行) and adapt.
The truth is, yu can’t rely slely n that grundbreaking idea. 3 The fear r inability t execute is ften what hlds entrepreneurs back. Executin isn’t abut waiting fr the perfect mment r gathering a team befre yu get started. It’s abut taking actin, even when yu dn’t have all the answers.
Mst peple wh start successful cmpanies can appear slightly unreasnable at times fr believing their ideas will be the ne t beat the dds. 4 Entrepreneurship is unique because yu’re ften wrking against prbability, and yu’ll likely face lts f rejectin. If yu dn’t believe in yurself, n ne else will either.
It’s imprtant t remember that althugh there’s risk and sme frm f failure in every entrepreneurial jurney, successful entrepreneurs dn’t let the fear f failure stp them. Dn’t get s stuck weighing every risk and its ptential cnsequences that yu’re made immbile.
5 Yu may nt knw exactly what yur next step is, but if yu wait fr perfect clarity, yu culd wait frever. Many entrepreneurs succeed nt because they have everything figured ut frm the start but because they are willing t jump in and figure it ut as they g.
A．Successful entrepreneurship is 90% executin.
B．Entrepreneurship ften desn’t have a clear path.
C．Venture capital funding is essential fr all startups.
D．But what if these barriers aren’t as imprtant as yu think?
E．The best entrepreneurs always have a perfect plan befre starting.
F．But the ability t remain cnfident and fcused is a great strength.
G．Yur initial cncept fr a prduct r service is just the jumping-ff pint.
【答案】1．D 2．G 3．A 4．F 5．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文围绕创业者成功的关键要素展开，从打破固有认知、重视执行、保持自信到勇于行动等方面，为有创业想法的人提供了实用建议。
1．上文“Yu may be an ambitius entrepreneur waiting fr the perfect idea, enugh years f experience, the right team, r significant funding t cme yur way. (你可能是一位雄心勃勃的创业者，在等待完美的想法、足够的经验、合适的团队或充足的资金出现。)”指出创业者常将完美想法、经验、团队、资金等视为启动创业的必要条件，空处应针对这些所谓的“条件”提出疑问或转折，引发下文对创业关键要素的探讨，D选项“但如果这些障碍并没有你想象的那么重要呢？”符合语境，其中“these barriers”指代上文提到的完美想法、经验、团队、资金等，起到承上启下的作用。故选D。
2．上文“Peple will say there are bad ideas, but every idea is gd because it brings yu clser t yur best idea. (人们会说有些想法不好，但每个想法都是好的，因为它能让你更接近最好的想法。)”强调初始想法的价值，空处承接上文，进一步说明初始想法在创业中的定位，G选项“你对产品或服务的初始构想只是一个起点。”符合语境，“initial cncept”与上文中的“idea”相呼应，明确初始想法并非最终形态，为下文提及执行和适应能力做铺垫。故选G。
3．上文“The truth is, yu can’t rely slely n that grundbreaking idea. (事实是，你不能仅仅依赖那个突破性的想法。)”指出不能只依赖想法，空处应引出创业中更重要的因素，下文“The fear r inability t execute is ften what hlds entrepreneurs back. (对执行的恐惧或无力执行往往是阻碍创业者的因素。)”围绕“执行”展开，因此空处需强调执行的重要性，A选项“成功的创业90%在于执行。”符合语境，既承接上文对“想法”的否定，又引出下文对“执行”的论述，起到过渡作用。故选A。
4．上文“Mst peple wh start successful cmpanies can appear slightly unreasnable at times fr believing their ideas will be the ne t beat the dds. (大多数成功创立公司的人，有时会因为相信自己的想法能克服困难而显得有些不切实际。)”描述了成功创业者对自身想法的坚定信念，空处应进一步说明这种信念背后的关键品质，下文“If yu dn’t believe in yurself, n ne else will either. (如果你不相信自己，别人也不会相信你。)”强调自信的重要性，因此空处需体现“自信”这一核心，F选项“但保持自信和专注的能力是一种巨大的优势。”符合语境，衔接自然。故选F。
5．下文“Yu may nt knw exactly what yur next step is, but if yu wait fr perfect clarity, yu culd wait frever. (你可能不清楚下一步该做什么，但如果你等待完全清晰的方向，你可能会一直等下去。)”指出创业过程中方向并非始终明确，不能一味等待，空处应作为本段主旨句，概括这一核心观点，B选项“创业往往没有一条清晰的道路。”符合语境。故选B。
（25-26高三上·重庆·开学考试）Have yu ever wndered abut the significance f emtins in ur life? 1 Let me give yu an example here: When yu are with yur lved nes, yur md changes instantly right? Tday, we will learn hw t be emtinally capable and mature, and ding s will result in a better and happier life.
2
Peple interact with us like we are mind readers smetimes, this happens mstly in relatinships. Yur partner wuld want yu t knw exactly what they want and when they want it, this can be extremely agnizing. Just as yu aren’t a mind reader, thers aren’t t. Never rely n expectatins, this way yu will nly feel miserable. Share yur needs with yur lved nes and see the psitive changes.
Mind Yur Wrds
Oftentimes, we say a lt when we are emtinal, especially when we are angry. 3 Yu need t mind whatever yu say r express, this can either make the ther persn lve r hate yu. The strategy in a stressful situatin is t fcus n yurself instead f fcusing n thers, which will calm yu dwn instantly.
Be Respnsible Fr Yur Actins
4 If yu dn’t wn whatever yu say r d, hw can yu becme emtinally strng? Many peple make silly excuses and dn’t take respnsibility fr their actins, that is where they hurt thers and themselves. If yu have made a mistake and hurt thers in the prcess, aplgize immediately.
Avid Negative Peple
Yu are knwn by the cmpany yu keep, this is always true. If yu are surrunded by happy and mtivated peple, yu will always be happy. If yu are surrunded by negative peple that nly bring thers dwn then yu will always feel miserable. 5 Stay clear f peple wh emtinally manipulate thers. Whenever yu feel smething like that, cut ties with them immediately.
A．Cmmunicate Yur Needs
B．Always Questin Yur Thughts
C．Yu must nt let negative thughts questin yur judgment.
D．T be emtinally intelligent, yu need gd supprtive cmpany.
E．Just like yur wrds, yu need t take full respnsibility fr yur actins.
F．Emtins play a critical part in ur lives and are infectius unless cntrlled.
G．If nt cntrlled, this can have severe cnsequences, especially in yur relatinship.
【答案】 1．F 2．A 3．G 4．E 5．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章以情绪的意义开篇，通过举例引出主题，接着从沟通需求、注意言语、对行为负责、避开消极的人四个方面，阐述提升情绪能力与成熟度的方法，以获得更幸福的生活。
1．根据上文“Have yu ever wndered abut the significance f emtins in ur life?(你是否曾思考过情绪在我们生活中所具有的重要性呢？)”以及后文“Let me give yu an example here: When yu are with yur lved nes, yur md changes instantly right? Tday, we will learn hw t be emtinally capable and mature, and ding s will result in a better and happier life.(让我给你举个例子吧：当你和所爱的人在一起时，你的心情会瞬间发生变化吧？今天，我们将学习如何变得情感上成熟且强大，这样做将会带来更美好、更幸福的生活)”可知，前文以问句“你是否想过情绪在生活中的意义”引出主题，此处需承接“情绪的重要性”。F 选项直接点明“情绪在生活中起关键作用，若不控制则具有传染性”，既回应了“significance”，又为后文展开“如何提升情绪能力”铺垫，逻辑连贯。故F选项“情绪在我们的生活中起着关键作用，如果不加以控制，就会具有传染性”符合语境，故选F。
2．根据本段内容“Peple interact with us like we are mind readers smetimes, this happens mstly in relatinships. Yur partner wuld want yu t knw exactly what they want and when they want it, this can be extremely agnizing. Just as yu aren’t a mind reader, thers aren’t t. Never rely n expectatins, this way yu will nly feel miserable. Share yur needs with yur lved nes and see the psitive changes.(有时人们与我们交流时就好像能读懂我们的想法一样，这种情况多发生在人际关系中。你的伴侣会希望你能确切地知道他们需要什么以及什么时候需要，这可能会让人非常痛苦。正如你不是心灵读取者一样，其他人也不是。永远不要依赖期望，否则你只会感到痛苦。向你所爱的人表达你的需求，你会看到积极的变化)”可知，本句是第二段的开头。第二段讨论人际关系中不要期望他人是“读心者”，而应主动分享需求。故A选项“传达你的需求”符合语境，故选A。
3．根据上文“Oftentimes, we say a lt when we are emtinal, especially when we are angry.(很多时候，当我们情绪激动时（尤其是生气的时候），我们会说很多话)”可知，前文指出“情绪激动（尤其愤怒时）会说很多话”，此处需衔接“失控说话的后果”。G选项中“this”指代“情绪激动时多言”，“severe cnsequences”（严重后果）与后文“言语可能让人爱你或恨你”呼应，强调“注意言语”的必要性，逻辑通顺。故G选项“如果不加以控制，这可能会产生严重的后果，尤其是在你的关系中”符合语境，故选G。
4．根据后文“If yu dn’t wn whatever yu say r d, hw can yu becme emtinally strng? Many peple make silly excuses and dn’t take respnsibility fr their actins, that is where they hurt thers and themselves. If yu have made a mistake and hurt thers in the prcess, aplgize immediately.(如果你不对自己的言行负责，你又怎能在情绪上变得强大呢？许多人会找些荒唐的借口，不为自己的行为负责，这就是他们伤害他人和自己的原因。如果你犯了错误并且在这个过程中伤害了他人，那么请立即道歉)”可知，该段小标题为“对自己的行为负责”，前文需点明“行为负责”的核心，E选项将“行为负责”与前文“注意言语”类比，既承接上文“言语的重要性”，又引出“行为需负责”的主题，且与后文“不承担责任会伤害自己和他人” 形成因果衔接，故E选项“就像你的言语一样，你也需要为自己的行为承担全部责任”符合语境，故选E。
5．根据上文“Yu are knwn by the cmpany yu keep, this is always true. If yu are surrunded by happy and mtivated peple, yu will always be happy. If yu are surrunded by negative peple that nly bring thers dwn then yu will always feel miserable.(“你的朋友圈决定了你的为人。”这句话一直都很正确。如果你身边都是快乐且积极向上的人，你也会一直保持快乐。而如果你周围都是那些只会让他人情绪低落的消极人士，那你就会一直感到痛苦)”可知，前文对比“身边是积极的人会快乐，是消极的人会痛苦”，此处需总结“择友”与“情绪”的关系。故D选项“要具备情商，你需要有良好的支持性伙伴”符合语境，故选D。
（25-26高三上·云南·阶段练习）Having a Talk with Yur Parents
Start with a statement that’s t the pint.
Start with a statement that explains the issue yu want t address and will help yu step int discussing yur feelings. 1 . Meanwhile, be brief and t the pint when intrducing the tpic. Fr example, yu can say “I feel that it’s unfair that I culdn’t g t the party n Friday night.”
Use “I” statements.
When having a serius talk with yur family, it’s inapprpriate t say “yu always” r “yu never.” 2 . Avid blaming ther peple r becming defensive. Say “When I have t stay hme n Saturday nights instead f hanging ut with Marissa, I feel sad and like I’m missing ut n time with my friends.”
3 .
During this cnversatin, keep yur vice dwn. Avid yelling, cursing r whining at all csts. Take a few deep breaths t calm dwn when yu feel stressed. Remember that the mre mature yu are, the mre likely they’ll be able t understand yu.
Talk abut their cncerns.
4 . Parents ften have reasnable explanatins fr decisins, s try t understand where they are cming frm. Fr instance, perhaps yur parents dn’t want yu t g ut with yur significant ther. Spend time with yur significant ther alng with yur parents until they feel cmfrtable with yu tw ging ut alne.
Give them sme time.
Even if yur parents d nt understand yu immediately, dn’t wrry! 5 . If yu are hping yur parents will change their mind abut smething, give them sme time. Fr instance, if yur mm said that yu can’t get an Xbx, wait until she apprves it r until yu have the mney and are n lnger living with her t d s.
A．Keep a calm tne
B．Tell them abut yur stress
C．Yu can pen the chat with a statement calmly
D．Yu’d be patient befre they can cmpletely get yu.
E．Instead, seek t cmprehend their underlying wrries
F．Alternatively, fcus n yur feelings, and stick t the facts
G．If yu can understand the “why”, then yu can address the prblem
【答案】1．C 2．F 3．A 4．G 5．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了和父母沟通的五个要点，包括直截了当地陈述观点、使用“我”开头的话、保持冷静的语气、谈论父母的担忧、给父母一些时间。
1．本段首句“Start with a statement that explains the issue yu want t address and will help yu step int discussing yur feelings.(先提出一个陈述，阐明你想要解决的问题，并且这个陈述能够帮助你开始表达自己的感受)”总起说明在和父母沟通时首先需要陈述问题和自己的感受。根据空后“Meanwhile, be brief and t the pint when intrducing the tpic. Fr example, yu can say “I feel that it’s unfair that I culdn’t g t the party n Friday night.”(同时，在介绍话题时要简洁明了。例如，你可以这样说：“我觉得自己周五晚上不能去参加聚会这件事太不公平了。”)”可知此处在讨论陈述时需要注意的事项，C选项“你可以以平静的语调以一句话开启对话”符合语境。故选C。
2．根据前文“When having a serius talk with yur family, it’s inapprpriate t say “yu always” r “yu never.”(在与家人进行严肃的交谈时，不宜使用“你总是”或“你从不”这样的表述方式)”可知对家人说“你经常”或“你从不”这样过于绝对的话是不恰当的，而后文“Avid blaming ther peple r becming defensive. Say “When I have t stay hme n Saturday nights instead f hanging ut with Marissa, I feel sad and like I’m missing ut n time with my friends.”(不要责怪他人，也不要采取防御姿态。可以这样说：“当周六晚上我不得不待在家里而不是和玛莉莎出去玩时，我会感到难过，觉得自己错过了和朋友们相处的时光。”)”说明了正确的沟通方式是避免指责，因此此题应为内容的转折，F选项“或者，专注于自己的感受，并坚持陈述事实”符合本段语境。故选F。
3．根据后文“During this cnversatin, keep yur vice dwn. Avid yelling, cursing r whining at all csts. Take a few deep breaths t calm dwn when yu feel stressed. Remember that the mre mature yu are, the mre likely they’ll be able t understand yu.(在这段对话中，请保持声音轻柔。绝对不要大喊大叫、咒骂或抱怨。当感到紧张时，深呼吸几次来让自己冷静下来。要记住，你越成熟，他们就越有可能理解你)”可知本段主要说明和家长沟通时需要注意语气；再根据其他小标题判断可知，小标题均为祈使句，A选项“保持冷静的语气”符合语境。故选A。
4．根据后文“Parents ften have reasnable explanatins fr decisins, s try t understand where they are cming frm. Fr instance, perhaps yur parents dn’t want yu t g ut with yur significant ther. Spend time with yur significant ther alng with yur parents until they feel cmfrtable with yu tw ging ut alne.(父母对于他们的决定通常都会给出合理的解释，所以试着去理解他们的出发点。比如说，也许你的父母不想让你和你的伴侣出去约会。你可以先和父母一起和你的伴侣相处一段时间，直到他们对你俩单独外出这件事感到放心为止)”可知，需要理解父母所做决定的原因，G选项“如果你能理解‘原因’，那么你就能解决这个问题”符合语境。故选G。
5．根据上文“Even if yur parents d nt understand yu immediately, dn’t wrry!(即使你的父母一开始并不理解你，也别担心！)”可知，本段主要说明需要给父母时间，让他们充分理解我们，D选项“在他们完全理解你之前要保持耐心”符合语境。故选D。
（25-26高三上·北京海淀·开学考试）Many peple think a gd learner must keep steady fcus. Yet new studies shw the ppsite. When the mind gently drifts, it can still absrb facts. Mre imprtantly, it can cnnect them in fresh ways. This prcess, called inferential learning, lets us g beynd the given facts and reach new cnclusins. 21
Mind-drifting gives the brain extra time. Suppse a student hears that plants bend tward light. 2 Neurns repeat the pattern withut effrt. This hidden rehearsal strengthens memry traces and keeps the dr pen fr later links.
Drifting invites remte assciatins. During a break, the same student may recall her kitchen windw, where the basil plant leans each mrning. Tw scenes—classrm and kitchen—meet in her mind. Frm this mix she may infer that light directin, nt just sunlight itself, guides plant grwth. 3 Hwever, fcused study rarely allws such lse pairing f places and times.
A wandering mind tests rules in private. While the teacher mves t the next tpic, the student's thughts may run a quick test: "If the light cmes frm belw, will the stem still bend up?" 4 These quiet experiments sharpen understanding and prepare the learner fr real tests later.
5 They frget that cntrlled wandering is nt the same as chas. Learners can set sft brders: after twenty minutes f hard wrk, they allw five minutes f gentle drift. In this windw, the mind rams but stays near the tpic. The result is deeper insight withut lst time.
A．Critics may say distractin wastes time.
B．Mind-wandering breaks cgnitive barriers.
C．N lab is needed; the brain runs a silent mdel.
D．This randm access generates innvative ideas.
E．The leap is small, but it is new knwledge built n her wn.
F．A wandering mind, it turns ut, is a quiet helper in this wrk.
G．While her eyes lk ut f the windw, her brain keeps the idea alive.
【答案】1．F 2．G 3．E 4．C 5．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了心不在焉（mind-drifting）在学习过程中的积极作用，包括给大脑额外时间、引发远程联想、在内心测试规则等，同时也回应了一些对心不在焉会浪费时间的批评。
1．根据上文“Mre imprtantly, it can cnnect them in fresh ways. This prcess, called inferential learning, lets us g beynd the given facts and reach new cnclusins.(更重要的是，它能以全新的方式将它们联系起来。这个过程被称为推理学习，它让我们超越既定事实，得出新的结论)” 可知，此处强调心不在焉在学习过程中的作用，F选项“事实证明，心不在焉在这项工作中是一个默默的帮手” 符合语境，其中 “this wrk” 指代前文的推理学习。故选F。
2．根据上文“Mind-drifting gives the brain extra time. Suppse a student hears that plants bend tward light.(心不在焉给大脑额外的时间。假设一个学生听到植物向光弯曲)” 以及下文 “Neurns repeat the pattern withut effrt.(神经元会不费力气地重复这个模式)” 可知，此处应描述学生在听到这个知识后心不在焉时大脑的状态，G 选项 “当她的眼睛望向窗外时，她的大脑仍在想着这个想法” 符合语境，体现了心不在焉时大脑对知识的持续思考，故选G。
3．根据上文 “Frm this mix she may infer that light directin, nt just sunlight itself, guides plant grwth.(从这种融合中，她可能会推断出，引导植物生长的不仅仅是阳光本身，还有光的方向)” 可知，此处应阐述这个推断的意义，E 选项 “这个飞跃虽小，但却是她自己构建的新知识” 符合语境，故选E。
4．根据上文“While the teacher mves t the next tpic, the student’s thughts may run a quick test: “If the light cmes frm belw, will the stem still bend up?”(当老师进入下一个话题时，学生的思绪可能会快速进行一个测试：“如果光从下面来，茎还会向上弯曲吗？”)”以及下文“These quiet experiments sharpen understanding and prepare the learner fr real tests later.(这些无声的思考实验深化了理解，为学习者日后应对真实考验做好准备)” 可知，此处应描述学生在内心进行这个测试的特点，C 选项 “不需要实验室；大脑运行着一个无声的模型” 符合语境，呼应下文，故选C。
5．根据下文“They frget that cntrlled wandering is nt the same as chas.(他们忘记了有控制的走神和混乱是不一样的)” 可知，此处应是有人对心不在焉提出了负面看法，A 选项 “批评者可能会说分心浪费时间” 符合语境，引出后文对这种看法的回应，故选A。
（25-26高三上·广东·开学考试）If yu dn’t knw what emtinal decluttering (清理) is, fasten yur seat belts and jin us fr a way t let g f it all finally. 1 Instead, emtinal decluttering is abut parting with things we dn’t “need” anymre.
2 Well, it’s nt as simple as yu might think. There’s s much mre t it than simply emptying drawers and chsing a few things t thrw away. In this article, we will fcus n several things that might be difficult t part with and hw yu can finally let g f them.
Old schlwrk, ntebks, and randm paper items
I used t save all my ld schlwrk and ntes until a basement fld washed them away. At first, shck kicked in, then sadness. 3 I never pened them after graduatin. Lessn learned. I didn’t need them but was attached t them instead. This was a great lessn in emtinal decluttering. 4 It’s best t stre them n yur phne r cmputer t free yurself f the clutter.
Yur bk cllectin
Nwadays, we all tend t purchase digital bks that are far easier t stre and catalg. But if yu were like me and had several bkshelves filled with bks, yu can declutter them. Srt them int tw piles, keep and dnate. Of curse, keep anything that has meaning t yu and dnate yur bks t yur neighbrhd HOA r lcal library. 5
Plus, creating yur new digital library is fun and exciting. It will als allw yu t chse frm sme audibks if yu never tried them.
A．But that fld did me a favr.
B．That fld caused great damage t the cmmunity.
C．Unfrtunately, mst peple think decluttering is easy.
D．At the same time, remember t buy nly classic bks.
E．S, if yu have such things, yu can scan r take pictures f them.
F．Of curse, that desn’t mean getting rid f everything in yur hme.
G．Either way, yu can develp a sense f freedm by unlading yur bk cllectin.
【答案】1．F 2．C 3．A 4．E 5．G
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了什么是情感清理，并针对如何清理旧作业、笔记本、随机纸张以及书籍收藏这些难以割舍的物品给出了具体建议。
1．上文“If yu dn’t knw what emtinal decluttering (清理) is, fasten yur seat belts and jin us fr a way t let g f it all finally. (如果你不知道什么是情感清理，系好安全带，和我们一起寻找一种最终放下一切的方法)”引出“情感清理”这一概念，且提到“放下一切”，下文“Instead, emtinal decluttering is abut parting with things we dn’t “need” anymre. (相反，情感清理是关于与我们不再“需要”的东西告别)”通过“Instead”进行转折，说明情感清理并非是放下所有，而是告别不需要的东西，F选项“当然，这并不意味着要扔掉你家里的所有东西”承上启下，既呼应上文“放下一切”的表述，又通过“并不意味着扔掉所有东西”引出下文对情感清理的正确定义，符合语境。故选F。
2．下文“Well, it’s nt as simple as yu might think. There’s s much mre t it than simply emptying drawers and chsing a few things t thrw away. (嗯，这可不像你想的那么简单。情感清理远不止是清空抽屉、挑几样东西扔掉这么简单)”指出情感清理不简单，空处应是先提出一种相反的观点，即人们对清理的错误认知，C选项“不幸的是，大多数人认为清理很容易”符合语境，“认为清理很容易”与下文“并不像你想象的那么简单”形成对比，引出下文对清理复杂性的阐述。故选C。
3．上文“I used t save all my ld schlwrk and ntes until a basement fld washed them away. At first, shck kicked in, then sadness. (我曾经保存着所有的旧作业和笔记，直到地下室被淹，它们都被冲走了。起初是震惊，然后是悲伤)”描述了洪水冲走旧作业和笔记后“我”的情绪，下文“I never pened them after graduatin. Lessn learned. (毕业后我再也没有打开过它们。学到了一个教训)”表明“我”从这件事中有了收获，空处应体现态度的转变，说明洪水带来的积极影响，A选项“但那场洪水帮了我一个忙”符合语境，引出下文“我”从中得到的教训。故选A。
4．上文“This was a great lessn in emtinal decluttering. (这是情感清理中很好的一个教训)”说明从洪水冲走旧作业的事情中学会了情感清理，下文“It’s best t stre them n yur phne r cmputer t free yurself f the clutter. (最好把它们存储在手机或电脑上，这样就能摆脱杂乱)”提到了存储旧作业和笔记的方法，空处应是提出具体的清理旧作业和笔记的做法，为下文的存储方法做铺垫，E选项“所以，如果你有这样的东西，你可以扫描或者给它们拍照”符合语境，“扫描或者拍照”与下文“存储在手机或电脑上”相呼应，形成完整的清理和存储流程。故选E。
5．上文“Srt them int tw piles, keep and dnate. Of curse, keep anything that has meaning t yu and dnate yur bks t yur neighbrhd HOA r lcal library. (把它们分成两堆，保留的和捐赠的。当然，保留任何对你有意义的书，把你的书捐赠给社区业主协会或当地图书馆)”介绍了处理书籍收藏的两种方式——保留和捐赠，空处应总结这两种方式带来的效果，G选项“不管选择哪种方式，通过清理你的书籍收藏，你都能培养一种自由感”符合语境，“两种方式”对应上文的“保留和捐赠”，“培养自由感”点明了清理书籍收藏的积极意义，承接上文内容。故选G。
（25-26高三上·安徽·阶段练习）Successful team cllabratin is essential fr achieving cmplex gals. It invlves mre than just wrking alngside thers; it requires intentinal strategies t use cllective strengths. Then hw can a team cllabrate effectively?
1
Every team member needs a shared understanding f the prject’s bjectives and their specific respnsibilities. This prevents misunderstandings and ensures accuntability. Ambiguity in rles ften leads t repeated effrts, verlked tasks, and frustratin. Clearly utlining expectatins frm the utset sets the stage fr prductive wrk.
Fster pen and respectful cmmunicatin.
Create an envirnment where team members feel safe t share ideas, ask questins, and vice cncerns withut fear f judgment. 2 Actively listening t understand different viewpints, rather than just waiting t speak, is crucial fr building trust and finding the best slutins.
Address cnflicts cnstructively.
3 New cnflicts as pprtunities t explre different perspectives and imprve utcmes. The gal shuld be t understand the rt cause and find a mutually acceptable reslutin. Fcusing n the issue at hand, nt persnal attacks, and seeking cmmn grund helps the team mve frward psitively.
Make the mst f diverse strengths.
Recgnize that each member brings unique skills, experiences, and perspectives t the table. 4 Assigning tasks based n individual strengths nt nly imprves efficiency but als increases engagement and satisfactin.
Establish regular check-ins and feedback lps.
Dn’t wait until the prject deadline t assess prgress. Schedule frequent, brief meetings t discuss updates, radblcks, and next steps. Cnstructive feedback, bth n the wrk and the prcess, shuld be encuraged. 5
A．Define clear gals and rles.
B．Encurage brainstrming sessins.
C．Effective cmmunicatin is the crnerstne f any strng team dynamic.
D．A team that cmmunicates prly will inevitably struggle with crdinatin.
E．Disagreements are unavidable in teamwrk, but they dn’t have t be destructive.
F．Intentinally discuss and map ut these differences t maximize the team’s ptential.
G．This allws the team t adapt quickly and ensure everyne remains aligned with the verall gal.
【答案】1．A 2．C 3．E 4．F 5．G
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章指出团队有效协作对实现复杂目标至关重要，介绍了四条策略：明确目标与职责、促进开放尊重沟通、建设性处理冲突、善用成员多样优势，还提及定期沟通反馈。
1．根据后文“Every team member needs a shared understanding f the prject’s bjectives and their specific respnsibilities. This prevents misunderstandings and ensures accuntability. Ambiguity in rles ften leads t repeated effrts, verlked tasks, and frustratin. Clearly utlining expectatins frm the utset sets the stage fr prductive wrk.(每个团队成员都需要对项目的目标以及各自的具体职责达成共识。这可以避免误解，并确保责任明确。角色职责的模糊不清往往会导致重复工作、遗漏任务以及产生不满情绪。从一开始就清晰地明确期望，能够为高效的工作奠定基础)”可知，后文详细讨论了角色模糊会导致重复劳动、任务遗漏等问题，强调从开始就明确期望。选项A“明确设定目标和职责”作为小标题完美引入该部分。故选A。
2．根据上文“Create an envirnment where team members feel safe t share ideas, ask questins, and vice cncerns withut fear f judgment.(营造一种氛围，让团队成员能够放心地分享想法、提出问题和表达担忧，同时不必担心受到批评)”以及后文“Actively listening t understand different viewpints, rather than just waiting t speak, is crucial fr building trust and finding the best slutins.(积极倾听以理解不同的观点，而非仅仅等待发言，这对于建立信任以及找到最佳解决方案至关重要)”可知，本句是在强调沟通的作用。故C项“有效的沟通是任何强大团队协作体系的基础”最符合语境。故选C。
3．根据后文“New cnflicts as pprtunities t explre different perspectives and imprve utcmes. The gal shuld be t understand the rt cause and find a mutually acceptable reslutin. Fcusing n the issue at hand, nt persnal attacks, and seeking cmmn grund helps the team mve frward psitively.(新的冲突其实也是探索不同观点、改善结果的机会。我们的目标应当是找出根本原因，并找到一个双方都能接受的解决方案。专注于当前的问题，而非进行人身攻击，同时寻求共识，这有助于团队朝着积极的方向前进)”可知，本句直接引入冲突的正面处理方式，承认分歧的存在但强调其建设性，与后文的“机会”和“共同解决”一致。选项E“团队中分歧不可避免，但不一定是破坏性的”作为主题句，有效衔接标题“Address cnflicts cnstructively”(建设性处理冲突)。故选E。
4．根据前文“Recgnize that each member brings unique skills, experiences, and perspectives t the table.(要认识到每位成员都具备独特的技能、丰富的经验和独特的见解)”以及后文“Assigning tasks based n individual strengths nt nly imprves efficiency but als increases engagement and satisfactin.(根据个人优势分配任务不仅能提高效率，还能增强参与度和满意度)”可知，本句是前文的自然延伸，解释了如何将“差异”转化为行动，从而引出后文的“任务分配”。选项F的“differences”指代前文的“unique skills”，逻辑连贯。选项F“有意地探讨并规划这些差异，以最大限度地发挥团队的潜力。”符合语境。故选F。
5．根据前文“Cnstructive feedback, bth n the wrk and the prcess, shuld be encuraged.(应当鼓励对工作内容以及工作过程都给予建设性的反馈)”可知，本句解释定期反馈的好处，代词“This”指代前文的“feedback lps”(反馈循环)，并总结该策略的价值。选项G“这使得团队能快速调整，确保每个人与整体目标保持一致”作为段落结论句，强化了反馈的重要性。故选G。
（2025·河北·三模）Think back t smething yu lved ding as a child r teenager. 1 Back then, these ld passins felt like a cre part f wh yu were. But as life became busier, thse activities slipped int the backgrund. Here’s my stry abut smething I lved — playing the vilin — and hw I let it g.
Whenever I have t share my hbbies in an icebreaker, I hesitate t mentin the vilin. But actually it wasn’t just a casual hbby fr me. 2 Then life gt in the way. I tld myself I’d fcus n exams, then n university, then n my career. Nw, years later, I realize I haven’t tuched the vilin in what feels like a lifetime.
I ask myself: If I never play again, what will I really lse? My high schl teacher, Ms. Gulen, had an answer t this questin: “Pursue yur hbbies and interests. 3 ” I can’t agree mre with that. Stries matter. And ld passins are stries yu can tell abut wh yu are, and wh yu have been.
In my wrk nw, I study hw peple cmprehend their lives thrugh the stries they tell. 4 Peple wh feel cnnected t their persnal stries — wh understand hw their past experiences influence their current lives — tend t feel mre mtivated, purpseful, and cnsistent with their values.
5 It cnnected me t music, t creativity, and t the friendships I built thrugh shared passin. Being “the girl wh played the vilin” gave me smething different, smething uniquely mine. Even thugh I haven’t played in years, that part f my identity still feels imprtant.
A．They will give yu a stry t tell.
B．A hbby r creative pursuit brught yu jy.
C．Fr me, playing the vilin was a key part f that stry.
D．Maybe it was playing an instrument, painting, r sccer.
E．Hwever, I fund peple didn’t take it seriusly anyway.
F．These stries play a significant rle in their sense f well-being.
G．I spent hurs practicing, preparing fr cncerts, and puring my heart int it.
【答案】1．D 2．G 3．A 4．F 5．C
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过作者自身拉小提琴的经历，探讨了童年爱好对个人身份认同和幸福感的重要性，并指出这些爱好构成了个人故事的一部分，对心理健康有积极影响。
1．上文“Think back t smething yu lved ding as a child r teenager.(回想一下你小时候或青少年时期喜欢做的事情)”提出要回想小时候或青少年时期喜欢做的事情，D选项“Maybe it was playing an instrument, painting, r sccer.(也许是演奏乐器、画画或踢足球)”承接上文，举例说明了一些可能的爱好，上下文语意连贯。故选D项。
2．上文“But actually it wasn’t just a casual hbby fr me.(但事实上，这对我来说不仅仅是一个随意的爱好)”指出拉小提琴对作者来说不仅仅是一个随意的爱好，G选项“I spent hurs practicing, preparing fr cncerts, and puring my heart int it.(我花了数小时练习，为音乐会做准备，并全身心投入其中)”进一步介绍作者对拉小提琴的投入和热爱，说明拉小提琴不仅仅是一个随意的爱好，上下文语意连贯。故选G项。
3．上文“Pursue yur hbbies and interests.(追求你的爱好和兴趣)”提出要追求自己的爱好和兴趣，A选项“They will give yu a stry t tell.(它们会给你一个可以讲述的故事)”承接上文，说明追求爱好和兴趣的好处，即它们能构成你个人的故事，与下文“And ld passins are stries yu can tell abut wh yu are, and wh yu have been.(旧日激情是故事，讲述着你的过往与曾经)”相照应，上下文语意连贯。故选A项。
4．下文“Peple wh feel cnnected t their persnal stries — wh understand hw their past experiences influence their current lives — tend t feel mre mtivated, purpseful, and cnsistent with their values.(那些感觉与自己的个人故事有联系的人——那些理解过去经历如何影响他们当前生活的人——往往更有动力、更有目标感，并且与自己的价值观保持一致)”说明与个人故事有联系的人往往更有幸福感，F选项“These stries play a significant rle in their sense f well-being.(这些故事在他们的幸福感中扮演着重要的角色)”引出下文，指出这些故事对幸福感有重要作用，上下文语意连贯。故选F项。
5．下文“It cnnected me t music, t creativity, and t the friendships I built thrugh shared passin.(它把我与音乐、创造力和我通过共同爱好建立的友谊联系在一起)”解释了拉小提琴对作者的重要性，C选项“Fr me, playing the vilin was a key part f that stry.(对我来说，拉小提琴是那个故事的关键部分)”引出下文，指出拉小提琴是作者个人故事中的关键部分，非常重要，上下文语意连贯。故选C项。
（25-26高三上·宁夏银川·阶段练习）Street art, usually referred t as “public art”, is defined as art n uter surfaces dne with permissin by the cmmunity. 1 . The art frm has evlved ver the decades frm a grass-rts prject t mainstream ppularity.
2 . They were established in public areas t hnr religius and plitical leaders. Thrugh evlutin, the rts f street art shifted t rest in scial and plitical cmments, giving vice t thse ften unheard. In the 20th century, the term evlved t include the art created t speak fr the peple r advance scial and plitical mvements. 3 .
Street art is smetimes a frm f activism (行动主义) that stimulates the imaginatin. 4 . Bringing these images int the classrm and spaces with teens engages them and sparks relevant cnversatins.
Cnversatin flws easily frm admiring images, visiting sites, r participating in the creatin f public art. There is value in analyzing art in yur lcal cmmunity t build cmmunity cnnectins. Befre sharing a piece, briefly research the artist and the name and lcatin f the wrk—r research tgether with teens. 5 . This nt nly prmtes diversity in the arts but als expses yung peple t prfessinal artists wh lk like them and empwers them t explre the arts as a viable career chice.
A．These questins can be replicated with any piece f art
B．It is ften seen n walls f buildings and bridges in urban settings
C．Many artists create bld pieces t draw attentin t ecnmic issues
D．Yunger generatins travel t sites f utdr wrk t engage with the art
E．Try selecting artists f diverse backgrunds whse wrks highlight varius styles
F．Fr instance, there were the early cmmunity murals f the civil rights mvement
G．The rigins f mdern public art were expensive mnuments (纪念碑) and structures at the request f the wealthy
【答案】1．B 2．G 3．F 4．D 5．E
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了街头艺术的定义、起源演变、作为行动主义的形式，以及其对年轻一代的积极影响和促进艺术多样性的作用。
1．上文“Street art, usually referred t as “public art”, is defined as art n uter surfaces dne with permissin by the cmmunity. (街头艺术，通常被称为“公共艺术”，被定义为在社区允许的情况下在外部表面进行的艺术。)”明确给出了街头艺术的定义，即是在社区允许下在外表面进行的艺术。 B选项“It is ften seen n walls f buildings and bridges in urban settings (它经常出现在城市环境中建筑物和桥梁的墙壁上)”，具体说明了街头艺术常见的出现位置，是对上文定义的进一步补充说明，使读者对街头艺术有更直观的认识。故选B。
2．上文整体在阐述街头艺术的发展演变，此空后“They were established in public areas t hnr religius and plitical leaders. (它们被设立在公共区域以纪念宗教和政治领袖。)”，这里“they”指代前面提到的某种艺术形式。G选项“The rigins f mdern public art were expensive mnuments (纪念碑) and structures at the request f the wealthy (现代公共艺术的起源是应富人要求建造的昂贵纪念碑和建筑)”，引出了后文所提到的早期公共艺术形式（纪念碑等），为后文阐述街头艺术根源从纪念碑等向社会政治评论的演变做铺垫，在内容上起到了承上启下的作用。故选G。
3．上文“In the 20th century, the term evlved t include the art created t speak fr the peple r advance scial and plitical mvements. (在20世纪，这个术语演变为包括为人们发声或推动社会和政治运动而创作的艺术。)”说明了20世纪街头艺术内涵的扩展。F选项“Fr instance, there were the early cmmunity murals f the civil rights mvement (例如，民权运动早期的社区壁画)”通过列举民权运动早期的社区壁画这一具体例子，进一步解释和说明了上文提到的为推动社会和政治运动而创作的艺术，让读者更清晰地理解20世纪街头艺术的这一发展特点。故选F。
4．下文“Bringing these images int the classrm and spaces with teens engages them and sparks relevant cnversatins. (把这些图像带到教室里和青少年所在的空间，能吸引他们并引发相关对话。)”强调了将街头艺术相关图像与青少年互动带来的效果。D选项“Yunger generatins travel t sites f utdr wrk t engage with the art (年轻一代前往户外艺术作品所在地与艺术互动)”与下文内容相呼应，都是围绕年轻一代与街头艺术的互动展开，体现了街头艺术对年轻一代的吸引力以及能引发交流的作用，在逻辑上紧密相连。故选D。
5．下文“This nt nly prmtes diversity in the arts but als expses yung peple t prfessinal artists wh lk like them and empwers them t explre the arts as a viable career chice. (这不仅促进了艺术的多样性，还让年轻人接触到和他们相似的专业艺术家，并鼓励他们将艺术作为一种可行的职业选择。)”阐述了某种做法带来的多方面积极影响。E选项“Try selecting artists f diverse backgrunds whse wrks highlight varius styles (尝试选择不同背景的艺术家，他们的作品突出各种风格)”解释了达到下文所描述效果的一种具体方式，即选择不同背景的艺术家，与下文在促进艺术多样性以及让年轻人接触不同艺术家等方面相契合。故选E。
（25-26高三上·广东·阶段练习）When yur Hme Becmes a Turist Attractin
Have yu ever lked at a beautiful little new huse in Lndn and thught “It must be s amazing t live there”? 1 But fr the peple wh actually d live in thse hmes, scial media phtgraphy has changed what it means t live in a pictures que place.
Alice Jhnstn is a lngtime resident f Ntting Hill, the Lndn neighbrhd famus fr the beautifully-painted rw huses and fr being the setting f the mvie f the same name. Jhnstn, a jurnalist, has cmplicated feelings abut her Instagram- belved neighbrhd. She lives n Prtbell Rad, ne f the capital’s mst famus streets. 2 Once, she and a friend were walking his bulldg when a turist asked if they culd “brrw” the pup fr a quick pht. The friend and the dg agreed, s the Instagrammer psed with the dg in frnt f a bright blue dr and then handed ver five punds as a thank yu. In that stry, everybdy had a gd time. 3 “I was nce wken up at 6 a.m. n Easter Sunday by a French teenager taking pictures utside,” Jhnstn says.
4 Jhnstn, fr example, tries t be sympathetic t travelers cming t her hmetwn, recalling hw she lved taking pictures f histric neighbrhds in Paris, Rme and the like. In fact, she recently fund phts f herself as a teenager hanging ut at the Ntting Hill Carnival years befre she mved t the capital herself. 5 “I feel lucky that it’s cl enugh that peple want t cme where I live.”
A．If s, yu’re nt alne.
B．But there can be a darker side.
C．Fr her, nthing beats the pleasure t see s many peple excited abut it.
D．Living in a much-phtgraphed place, sme peple try t take the gd with the bad.
E．Hwever, when private hmes becme turist attractins, quarrels can ccur.
F．And she has witnessed all kinds f behavir cmmitted t getting a perfect picture.
G．As a travel lver, she has becme pretty understanding when seeing the crwds again.
【答案】1．A 2．F 3．B 4．D 5．G
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述伦敦风景优美的住宅区成旅游景点后，居民Jhnstn的复杂感受，既有游客带来的趣事，也有困扰，她仍持理解与幸运态度。
1．根据上文“Have yu ever lked at a beautiful little new huse in Lndn and thught “It must be s amazing t live there”? (你是否曾看到过伦敦一座漂亮的新房子，然后心里想着：“住在那里一定非常棒吧？”)”可知，本句承接上文，回应了上文提到的普遍存在的想法，故A选项“如果如此的话，那你并不孤单。”符合语境，故选A。
2．根据上文“Alice Jhnstn is a lngtime resident f Ntting Hill, the Lndn neighbrhd famus fr the beautifully-painted rw huses and fr being the setting f the mvie f the same name. Jhnstn, a jurnalist, has cmplicated feelings abut her Instagram- belved neighbrhd. She lives n Prtbell Rad, ne f the capital’s mst famus streets. (艾丽斯·约翰斯顿是诺丁山的常住居民。诺丁山是伦敦的一个著名街区，这里有着色彩艳丽的联排别墅，还曾是同名电影的拍摄地。约翰斯顿是一名记者，对于她钟爱的这个Instagram上的街区，她有着复杂的情感。她住在波特博莱路，这是伦敦最著名的街道之一。)”以及后文“Once, she and a friend were walking his bulldg when a turist asked if they culd “brrw” the pup fr a quick pht. The friend and the dg agreed, s the Instagrammer psed with the dg in frnt f a bright blue dr and then handed ver five punds as a thank yu. In that stry, everybdy had a gd time. (有一次，她和一位朋友正带着他们的斗牛犬散步，这时一位游客问他们能否“借用”这只小狗拍一张快照。这位朋友和小狗都同意了，于是这位Instagram用户和小狗一起站在一扇明亮的蓝色门前摆好姿势拍照，然后给了五英镑作为感谢。在这件事中，每个人都玩得很开心。)”可知，前文提到Jhnstn住在著名的Prtbell Rad，后文举例“游客借她朋友的狗拍照”，故本句承上启下，既说明她身处热门地点的经历，又引出具体例子，故F选项“而且她目睹了各种为了拍出完美照片而做出的行为”符合语境，故选F。
3．根据上文“Once, she and a friend were walking his bulldg when a turist asked if they culd “brrw” the pup fr a quick pht. The friend and the dg agreed, s the Instagrammer psed with the dg in frnt f a bright blue dr and then handed ver five punds as a thank yu. In that stry, everybdy had a gd time. (有一次，她和一位朋友正带着他们的斗牛犬散步，这时一位游客问他们能否“借用”这只小狗拍一张快照。这位朋友和小狗都同意了，于是这位Instagram用户和小狗一起站在一扇明亮的蓝色门前摆好姿势拍照，然后给了五英镑作为感谢。在这件事中，每个人都玩得很开心。)”以及后文““I was nce wken up at 6 a.m. n Easter Sunday by a French teenager taking pictures utside,” Jhnstn says. (约翰斯顿说：“复活节周日早上六点，我被一个法国少年在窗外拍摄的画面吵醒了。”)”可知，前文说“那个故事里大家都很开心”，后文转折提到“复活节周日被拍照的青少年吵醒”，故本句作为过渡，体现前后对比，故B选项“但也会有更阴暗的一面。”符合语境，故选B。
4．根据后文“Jhnstn, fr example, tries t be sympathetic t travelers cming t her hmetwn, recalling hw she lved taking pictures f histric neighbrhds in Paris, Rme and the like. In fact, she recently fund phts f herself as a teenager hanging ut at the Ntting Hill Carnival years befre she mved t the capital herself. (例如，约翰斯顿试图对前来她家乡的游客表示友好和热情，她回忆起自己曾喜欢在巴黎、罗马等地拍摄那些具有历史意义的街区的照片。事实上，她最近发现了一些自己青少年时期的照片，照片中她在多年前就参加了诺丁山狂欢节。而她自己则是后来才搬到首都的。)”可知，后文讲Jhnstn对游客持同情态度，回忆自己在其他城市拍照的经历，本句总起该段，引出她如何平衡这种处境，故D选项“生活在一个经常被拍摄的地方，有些人试图既享受其美好之处，也接受其中的不完美之处。”符合语境，故选D。
5．根据上文“In fact, she recently fund phts f herself as a teenager hanging ut at the Ntting Hill Carnival years befre she mved t the capital herself. (事实上，她最近发现了一些自己青少年时期的照片，照片中她在多年前就参加了诺丁山狂欢节。而她自己则是后来才搬到首都的。)”以及后文““I feel lucky that it’s cl enugh that peple want t cme where I live.”(“我很庆幸这里的天气足够凉爽，以至于人们愿意来到我生活的这个地方。”)”可知，前文提到她理解游客，甚至自己年轻时也在附近拍照，说明她能够体谅游客。故G选项“作为一名旅行爱好者，当再次看到熙熙攘攘的人群时，她已经变得相当能体谅了。”符合语境，故选G。