专题09 巧用被动语态(课件) -2026年高考英语从零开始学写作（全国通用）

高中英语写作从零开始专题09 巧用被动语态核心概念：什么是被动语态？被动语态强调动作的承受者，而非动作的执行者。主动语态：The cat (主语/动作执行者) chased (谓语) the mouse (宾语/动作承受者).被动语态：The mouse (主语/动作承受者) was chased (谓语) (by the cat) (动作执行者).核心公式：主语 + be + 过去分词 (+ by + 动作执行者)这里的 be 动词会根据句子的时态、主语的人称和数量发生变化。过去分词 是动词的第三种形式（规则动词加-ed，不规则动词需单独记忆，如 see-saw-seen）。Compare在英语中，语态分为两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态和被动语态都是指动词的形式而言。在主动语态中强调的是执行动作的人或物，即主语是动作的执行者；而在被动语态中强调的是接受动作的人或物，即主语是动作的承受者。We plant these trees.These trees are planted by us.主动句与被动句的转换主语宾语主语宾语由主动变被动的方法 s.(主格）+v. +o.（宾格）→ o.（主格）+be+ p.p.+ {by +s.(宾格)}我方击杀了一名英雄一名敌方英雄被击杀We have slain an enemyAn enemy has been slain.不同时态下的被动语态结构（以动词do为例）：一般现在时 do/does am/is/are + done English is spoken all over the world. 一般过去时 did was/were + done This house was built in 1990. (这栋房子建于1990年。)一般将来时 will do will be + done The problem will be solved soon. 现在进行时 am/is/are doing am/is/are being + done A new bridge is being built now. 过去进行时 was/were doing was/were being + done When I arrived, the room was being cleaned.现在完成时 have/has done have/has been + done The task has been finished. 情态动词 can/must/may do can/must/may be + done The work must be done carefully. 1. It was going to be tested out by Larry's wife, Claire.过去将来时的被动形式，构成：was/were going to＋ be＋ done2. All the work has been finished by now.现在完成时的被动形式，构成：has/have ＋ been ＋ done3. Now she was being looked after by a robot that looked so human，and it was disturbing.过去进行时的被动形式，构成：was/were ＋ being ＋ done4. You are invited to make a speech in our school.一般现在时的被动形式，构成:is/are ＋done5. Larry persuaded her that the robot wouldn't harm her or allow her to be harmed.不定式一般式的被动形式，构成:to＋ be ＋ done被动时态：be+过去分词构成，时态通过be表现出来不同时态下的被动语态结构（以动词do为例）：一般现在时的被动一般过去时的被动一般将来时的被动现在进行时的被动现在完成时的被动 Our master A monster caught our master.was caught by a monster.主语谓语宾语答题锦囊:Step1. 找主谓宾。 Step2. 宾语变为主语，主语变为宾语 Step3. 谓语变be done，时态不变. Step4. by +宾语。（若不强调动词的执行者，by短语可以省略）主语宾语 谓语be done主动语态被动语态1. BaJie asked the monster to free him. (改为被动语态) The monster ____ ____ to free him ____ BaJie. was asked 总结： 一般过去时的被动语态 was / were doneby2. You must give Tang Monk the robe. (改为被动语态) Tang Monk must ____ _______ the robe ____ you. 总结： 情态动词的被动语态 情态动词+ be donebe givenby3. They have defeated many demons since they set off.(改为被动语态) _______________________________since they set off.总结：现在完成时被动语态 have/has been doneMany demons themhave been defeated by1. And, as more children were born, more food ____________ (need). （2020年浙江）2. The parts of a museum open to the public ___________ (call) galleries or rooms. （2020年山东） 3. Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, “because it means we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon ____________ (construct)”. （2020年新课标卷Ⅰ）4. On the last day of our week-long stay, we ___________ (invite) to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars. （2019年新课标Ⅲ）was neededare calledis constructedwere invited5. The artist was sure he would ____________ (choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister, the old man laughed. (2020 全国III卷)6. My washing machine _________________ (repair) this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand. (2018 天津)A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who _______________ (trap) in the mountains for two days. (2018 北京) (2020天津卷) The number of medical schools reached 18 in the early 1990s and ____________ (remain) around that level since.be chosenis being repairedhad been trappedhas remained核心概念：什么时候用被动语态？1. 强调动作的承受者 当动作的承受者比执行者更重要、更值得关注时，使用被动语态。 · 例如：The First Modern Olympics were held in Athens in 1896.（第一届现代奥运会于1896年在雅典举行。） · 我们关心的是“奥运会”这个事件本身，而不是谁组织了它（动作执行者）。2. 不知道或无需指明动作的执行者 当我们不知道、不想说或认为没必要说出动作是谁做的时候。 · 例如：My wallet was stolen on the bus yesterday. · 例如：The rules of the school must be obeyed.（学校的规章制度必须被遵守。） · 执行者是“所有学生”，无需指明。核心概念：什么时候用被动语态？3. 用于客观、正式的文体（如科技论文、新闻报道、说明文）注重客观事实本身，而非个人的主观行为。被动语态可以弱化个人色彩，增强客观性。 · 主动（较主观）：We conducted the experiment in three stages. · 被动（更客观）：The experiment was conducted in three stages. · 新闻报道：It is reported that five people were killed in the accident.4. 为了使句子衔接更流畅、上下文更连贯使用被动语态，我们可以让句子的主语与上一句的关键信息保持一致，使行文更连贯。不连贯：He gave a wonderful speech. Everyone applauded him.更连贯：He gave a wonderful speech and **was applauded** by everyone.后半句用被动，主语“He”与前半句保持一致，句子衔接更自然。(2022全国I) 假定你是校广播站英语节目“Talk and Talk”的负责人李华，请给外教Caroline写邮件邀请她做一次访谈。内容包括：1. 节目介绍；2. 访谈的时间和话题。自Talk and Talk 节目创办以来，已经十年了。was establishedIt’s ten years since Talk and Talk_____________(establish)was/were done(2021全国I) 你校英文报Youth正在庆祝创刊十周年。请你写一篇短文投稿，内容包括：1.读报的经历；2.喜爱的栏目；3.期望和祝福。Two years ago, when I first read Youth, the column called The Anecdotes of Youngsters attracted meI expect a promising future of Youth.was attracted is expectedTwo years ago, when I first read Youth I _____________to the column called The Anecdotes of Youngsters. ②A promising the future of Youth____________(expect)(2019全国I) 假定你是李华，暑假在伦敦学习，得知当地美术馆要举办中国画展。请写一封申请信做志愿者，内容包括：1.写信目的；2.个人优势；3.能做的事情。Knowing that the local gallery will hold a Chinese painting exhibition, I am writing to apply for the position. The local gallery will exhibit many great Chinese paintings.Knowing that______________________________________ __________________，I am writing to apply for the position. ______________________________________________________ ①the local gallery will hold a Chinese painting exhibitiona Chinese painting exhibitionwill be heldthe local galleryby②The local gallery will exhibit many great Chinese paintings.Many great Chinese paintingsthe local gallerywill be exhibitedby长句翻译1. 这些信件每天都会由秘书分类整理。2. 这个实验室是在2020年建成并投入使用的。3. 现在越来越多的青少年受到网络信息的影响。4. 到明年年底，这条新公路将已修建完成。5. 据说这部电影改编自一个真实的故事。6. 所有的申请材料必须在本周五之前提交。7. 当我们到达时，会议已经被推迟了。8. 这种新型能源汽车正在全国各地推广。9. 这个古老的村庄受到了政府的重点保护。10. 学生们的作业将由老师仔细批改。长句翻译1. These letters are sorted out by the secretary every day.（一般现在时被动，表经常性动作）2. This laboratory was built and put into use in 2020.（一般过去时被动，表过去发生的动作）3. Now more and more teenagers are influenced by online information.（一般现在时被动，表当前状态）4. By the end of next year, this new highway will have been completed.（将来完成时被动，表未来某时前完成的动作）5. It is said that this film is adapted from a true story.（固定句型It is said that...，从句用一般现在时被动）长句翻译6. All application materials must be submitted before this Friday.（情态动词的被动，表要求）7. When we arrived, the meeting had already been put off.（过去完成时被动，表先于到达发生的动作）8. This kind of new energy vehicle is being promoted all over the country.（现在进行时被动，表正在进行的动作）9. This ancient village is under key protection by the government.（be under + 名词，表被动状态，替代被动语态）10. The students’ homework will be carefully corrected by the teachers.（一般将来时被动，表未来的动作）长句翻译11. 在过去的十年里，这个城市的面貌发生了巨大的变化。12. 这本书被翻译成了20多种语言，在全球畅销。13. 孩子们应该被教会如何保护自己免受危险。14. 这个问题已经被专家们研究了很长时间。15. 明天的讲座将由一位来自北京大学的教授主持。16. 这些珍贵的文物在博物馆里已经保存了数百年。17. 由于天气恶劣，航班被迫取消了。18. 我们学校的图书馆每年都会添置大量新书。19. 这个项目的成功离不开所有参与者的努力。20. 一些传统技艺正在被年轻一代传承和发展。长句翻译11. Great changes have taken place in this city in the past ten years.（不及物动词短语无被动，用主动表被动含义）12. This book has been translated into more than 20 languages and sold well around the world.（现在完成时被动，表动作持续影响）13. Children should be taught how to protect themselves from danger.（情态动词的被动，表建议）14. This problem has been studied by experts for a long time.（现在完成时被动，表动作持续时间）15. Tomorrow’s lecture will be hosted by a professor from Peking University.（一般将来时被动，表未来的动作）长句翻译16. These precious cultural relics have been preserved in the museum for hundreds of years.（现在完成时被动，表动作持续状态）17. Due to bad weather, the flight was forced to be cancelled.（一般过去时被动，表过去发生的被动动作）18. A large number of new books are added to our school library every year.（一般现在时被动，表经常性动作）19. The success of this project cannot be separated from the efforts of all participants.（情态动词的被动，表客观事实）20. Some traditional crafts are being inherited and developed by the younger generation.（现在进行时被动，表正在进行的动作）高中英语写作从零开始谢谢观看