专题08 巧用非谓语动词(课件) -2026年高考英语从零开始学写作（全国通用）

高中英语写作从零开始专题08 巧用非谓语动词核心概念：什么是非谓语动词？为什么它如此重要？在一个英语句子中，只能有一个充当谓语的动词。其他所有不充当谓语的动词，都必须改变形式，这些“变了形”的动词，就叫做非谓语动词。谓语动词： 在句子中充当谓语，有人称和数的变化。例如：He likes music. (like 随着主语 He 变成了第三人称单数形式 likes)非谓语动词： 在句子中不充当谓语，没有人称和数的变化。它保留一些动词的特性（可以有自己的宾语、状语），但同时扮演着名词、形容词或副词的角色。非谓语动词的三基本形式: to do(不定式), doing(现在分词 / 动名词), done(过去分词)基本用法:to do: 表将来表目的; doing: 表主动表进行; done: 表被动表完成动词的两个基本用法：谓语(形式多样化)和非谓语to do 表目的、表将来doing 表主动、表进行done 表被动、表完成一般式 _____________ 进行式 _____________ 被动式 _____________ 完成式 _____________完成被动式 _____________ 一般式 _____________ 被动式 _____________ 完成式 _____________完成被动式 _____________主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语表语、定语、状语、补足语to do/to beto be doingto be doneto have doneto have been donedoingbeing donehaving done having been done识别下列形式哪些是谓语，哪些是非谓语。ENGLISH技巧1：何时用非谓语动词？(1)The girl____________(dance) in the classroom yesterday.分析：该句中_________(有/没有)谓语动词，所以该空格应使用________ (谓语/非谓语动词)，时态为_____________。（2）The girl_____________(dance) in the classroom yesterday and looked very confident.分析：该句中______(有/没有)谓语动词，但是有并列连词 _______ 连接了两个谓语动词，所以空格应使用________(谓语/非谓语动词)。没有谓语动词一般过去时有and谓语动词danceddanced总原则：在没有连词的情况下，一个句子中，有且只有一个谓语动词。ENGLISH技巧1：何时用非谓语动词？（3） The girl who__________(dance) in the classroom yesterday looked very confident.分析：该句中_____(有/没有)谓语动词，但是有从属连词_______，所以空格应使用________(谓语/非谓语动词)，时态为____________。(who引导的定语从句)（4）The girl _________ (dance) in the classroom yesterday looked very confident.分析：该句中______(有/没有)谓语动词，并且______(有/没有)连词，所以空格应使用_____________(谓语/非谓语动词)。有who谓语动词一般过去时danced有没有非谓语动词dancing总原则：在没有连词的情况下，一个句子中，有且只有一个谓语动词。ENGLISH★ 方法：句中已有_________，且__________连接其他谓语动词，此时需要用非谓语动词。★ 三步走：谓语动词没有连词Summary找看断谓语动词有无连词谓语/非谓语动词The girl _________ (dance) in the classroom yesterday looked very confident.dancingENGLISH练习：判断括号内是填谓语动词还是填非谓语动词。1. They are considering (buying/ buy) the house for future use.2. (Have stolen/ Having stolen) the diamond, he had to look for a place to hide it.3. The meeting (take place/ to take place) next week is sure to be a success.4. When (exposed/ expose) to danger, men’s blood pressure tends to increase.5. The question (question/ to be questioned) at tomorrow’s meeting is very important.为什么要在写作中使用非谓语动词？简洁凝练： 将两个简单句合并成一个结构紧凑的长句。 · 啰嗦版： I finished my homework. I went out to play. · 高级版： Having finished my homework, I went out to play.层次分明： 突出主句信息，将次要动作作为背景或修饰。 · 平淡版： The boy is my brother. He is crying over there. · 高级版： The boy crying over there is my brother. 句式多样： 避免全部是“主谓宾”的单调句式，增加文章的可读性和地道性。（一）动词不定式：to do在句中可以充当：主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语。1. 作主语 · To master a foreign language requires hard work.掌握一门外语需要努力。【写作贴士】 为了使句子平衡，常用 it 作形式主语，而把真正的主语（不定式）放到后面。 · It requires hard work to master a foreign language.2. 作宾语 · 通常放在某些及物动词之后，如：want, hope, decide, plan, agree, promise, learn 等。 · He decided to study abroad. · We hope to see you again.（一）动词不定式：to do3. 作表语 · 放在系动词（如 be 动词）后，说明主语的内容。 · His dream is to become a scientist.4. 作定语 · 放在名词或代词后面，修饰这个名词，表示“将要……的”。 · I have a lot of work to do. (要做的工作)5. 作状语 · 可以表示目的、结果、原因等。 · 目的： I saved money to buy a new bike. (为了买……) · 结果： He woke up to find himself in a hospital. (结果发现……)注意: it作形式主语, to do 不定式作真正的主语的句式。It be+adj.(描写不定式动作的特征或特点) + (for sb.) + to do sth. It be + adj.(侧重于评价人物的特性，特征) + of sb. to do sth. It is / was / seems / appears + n.(pity, pleasure, idea...) to do sth. It takes / took sb. +时间段 to do sth.kind, nice, foolish, generous, brave, polite, wise...Soon the villagers couldn’t afford _______ (buy) food for themselves.I managed _____ (get) the ironing done this morning.动词tell, show, understand, know, explain, teach, learn, advise, wonder, find out...常接疑问词(when, what, which, how, where..)+to do (作宾语)Please show me how to do that.I can’t decide which to buy.to buyto getit作形式宾语,to do不定式作真正的宾语的句型 think / feel / find / make / consider / regard ... + it(形式宾语) + n. / adj.(宾补) + to do(真正的宾语) I find it pleasant ________ (work) with him.They felt it difficult _______ (finish) the work in such a short time.She thinks it her duty ________(help) us.I think it my honor ____________ (invite) to speak here.to workto finishto helpto be invited（一）动词不定式：to do（一）动词不定式：to do作补语: 宾补: ①常用不定式作宾语补足语的动词(v.+ 宾语+宾补)有:want, advise, allow, permit, appoint, cause, command,urge, require, request, beg, order, ask, tell, warn, train, teach, instruct, persuade, encourage, challenge, forbid, force, invite, wish, remind, depend on, wait for, call on+宾语(n. / pron. )+ to do.... （一）动词不定式：to do下列动词(在主动语态中)接省to不定式作宾语补足语一感(feel), 二听(hear, listen to),三让(let, make, have), 五看(see, notice, observe, watch, look at), 半帮助(help), 在被动语态中要加to主补：不定式和句子的主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾(被动)关系时，不定式用主动形式表达被动含义。This book is difficult ____________ (understand).to understand（一）动词不定式：to do作定语: ①通常置于所修饰名词或代词后，与所修饰的词之间构成逻辑上的主谓，动宾或同位语关系He is not a man to tell a lie. (主谓关系)I have an email to send.(动宾关系)Dou you have the ability to read and write in English? (同位语关系) way to do sth. 做某事的方式chance / opportunity to do sth.做某事的机会 plan(n.) to do 做某事的计划（一）动词不定式：to do序数词，形容词最高级，the only, the last 等后或被这些词修饰的名词后，常用不定式作定语( ...+to do / ...+n. to do)She is always the first _______ (come) and the last _______ (leave).It is one of the best theme parks _________ (become) more and more popular.to cometo leaveto become（一）动词不定式：to do（二）动名词：V-ing在句中可以充当：主语、宾语、表语、定语。 它的核心功能是把动词“事物化”。1. 作主语 · Getting up early is good for your health.2. 作宾语 · a) 动词宾语： 放在某些及物动词后，如：enjoy, finish, avoid, practice, mind, suggest, consider 等。 · He suggested going for a walk. · b) 介词宾语： 放在介词后面。 · She is good at swimming. · Thank you for helping me.（二）动名词：V-ing3. 作表语 · His job is teaching English. · My hobby is collecting stamps.4. 作定语 · 表示用途或功能，相当于一个名词。 · a swimming pool (游泳池) · a reading room (阅览室)（二）动名词：V-ingit作形式主语，动名词作真正主语的句型结构It is / was good / no good / no use (= useless) / a waste of / senseless / fun... + doing...It is a waste of time talking to her any more.It is no use arguing about the matter with him.It is senseless attempting the impossible things. （二）动名词：V-ing作宾语: ① 动名词可以作及物动词，某些动词短语以及介词的宾语。下列动词(短语)常接动名词作宾语advise, suggest, admit, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, excuse, enjoy, escape, finish, imagine, keep (on), mind, practice, =miss, fancy, allow, permit, risk, give up, insist on, think of(about), dream of, hear of, depend on, feel like, be / get / become used / accustomed to, can’t / couldn’t stand / bear, can’t / couldn’t help, prevent / stop / keep...from doing, look forward to...+ doing(主语做的动作) sth. +one’s doing(不是主语做的动作) sthI suggest spending our summer vacation in a seaside town.You must give up smoking, for it does too much harm to your health.（二）动名词：V-ingit作形式宾语，动名词作真正的宾语的句型结构think / feel / find / make / consider / regard ... + it(形式宾语) + good / no good / no use (= useless) / a waste of / senseless / fun... + doing...The professor considers it no good reading without understanding.（二）动名词：V-ingmean to do sth. 打算做某事； mean doing sth. 意味着做某事forget to do sth. 忘记要去做某事(未做)；forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事(已做)remember to do sth. 记得去做某事(未做); remember doing sth. 记得做过某事(已做)regret to do sth. 对要做的事感到遗憾(未做)； regret doing sth. 对做过的事感到后悔(已做)try to do sth. 努力做某事； try doing sth. 尝试做某事go on to do sth. 继续做另一件事； go on doing sth. 继续做原来做的事（三）分词：包括现在分词（V-ing）和过去分词（V-ed）分词主要起形容词和副词的作用，在句中作定语、状语、宾语补足语、表语。1. 现在分词 (V-ing)· 语态上： 表示主动。· 时态上： 表示动作正在进行。2. 过去分词 (V-ed)· 语态上： 表示被动。· 时态上： 表示动作已经完成。（三）分词：包括现在分词（V-ing）和过去分词（V-ed）特别提示:部分过去分词源于系表结构，作状语时不表被动，也不表完成，而表一种状态。常见的有:located(坐落于); lost(迷路的); seated(坐着的), hidden(隐藏的), lost / absorbed / burried in(沉浸于), dressed in (穿着), faced with(面对着)Located in the center of the city, the tower the tower is popular among people. （三）分词：包括现在分词（V-ing）和过去分词（V-ed）(1)作定语: ①作定语的及物动词的分词形式为: doing, being done, done,（三）分词：包括现在分词（V-ing）和过去分词（V-ed）There was a girl __________ (stand) under the tree.The house _________ (build) are for the teachers.The broken glass is Tom’sThe sleeping child is only five years old.②作定语的不及物动词的分词形式为 doing和done, doing表正在进行，done表已经完成boiling water: 沸腾的水； boiled water：开水standingbeing built（三）分词：包括现在分词（V-ing）和过去分词（V-ed）(2)作状语: 分词作状语时，其逻辑主语是句子的主语。可以表示时间，原因，结果，条件，让步，行为方式，伴随状况等。为了强调，还可与while, when, once, if, unless等词连用(1)感官动词see, watch, observe, look at, notice, hear, listen to, feel的宾补有四种形式,以see为例：see +宾语(n. / pron.)+宾补非谓语动词作感官动词(短语)，使役动词的宾补doing sth. 看见...正在做...do sth. 看见...做了某事being done: 看见...正在被做done: 看见...被做宾语和宾补在逻辑关系上表主动宾语和宾补在逻辑关系上表被动I saw him leave a few minutes ago.I’d like to see the plan carried out.（三）分词：包括现在分词（V-ing）和过去分词（V-ed）（三）分词：包括现在分词（V-ing）和过去分词（V-ed）(2)使役动词make, let, have, get, leave①make +宾语(n. / pron.)+宾补The teacher made some students ____ (stay) in the class room.He tried to make himself _________ (understand). ②let+宾语(n. / pron.)+宾补Let the work __________(finish) immediately.Don’t let your children _____(play) matches. do...: 让...做...done...: 让...被做宾语和宾补在逻辑关系上表主动宾语和宾补在逻辑关系上表被动do...: 让...做...be done...: 让...被做stayunderstoodbe finishedplay（三）分词：包括现在分词（V-ing）和过去分词（V-ed）③have+宾语(n. / pron.)+宾补do...: 让...做...done...: 让...被做宾语和宾补在逻辑关系上表主动宾语和宾补在逻辑关系上表被动doing sth. : 使...持续做某事He had the computer _______(work) all the night.He had his wallet ______ (steal) on his way home.workingstolen④get +宾语(n. / pron.)+宾补to do sth. : 让... 做某事doing sth. : 使...持续做某事done：使...被做He got her bike __________(run) very fast. I’ll get my bike ________ (repair) tomorrow.runningrepaired独立主格结构在句中一般作状语，表示时间，条件，原因，伴随状况等，也可以作定语。(1) n. / pron.(主格) +非谓语动词[ to do(表示动作未发生); doing(与逻辑主语表主动关系); done(与逻辑主语表被动关系)]Weather __________ (permit), we shall play the match tomorrow.Enough time ______(give), she will surely do the job better.Here are the first three volumes, the fourth one _________ (come out)独立主格结构非谓语动词的逻辑主语permittinggivento come out(2)with / without + 宾语[n. / pron.(宾格)]+宾补[adj. / adv. / 介词短语/ 非谓语动词to do(表示动作未发生); doing(与逻辑主语表主动关系); done(与逻辑主语表被动关系)]With the crowds _______ (cheer), they drove to the palace.Keep the injured with his head ____(hold) straight while someone calls for emergency.With a lot of work _____ (do), he wasn’t allowed to go out.cheeringheldto do(3)n. / pron.(主格) +(being)+adj. / adv. Summer holidays (being) over, students return to school.(4) n. / pron.(主格) +介词短语Sword in hand, I followed him here and climbed in.(5) There / It being + n. / pron. / adj. It being fine, we can go to the beach.ENGLISH1. _________ (catch) the early bus, she got up at 6:00.To catch如何判断非谓语动词的形式（to do/ doing/ done）？Tip: 不定式to do在句中表目的。ENGLISH如何判断非谓语动词的形式（to do/ doing/ done）？2. The concert _________(hold) in Shanghai last month attracted thousands of people.heldTip: 过去分词done在句中表被动。ENGLISH如何判断非谓语动词的形式（to do/ doing/ done）？3. He stood there, ____________ (shed) tears of regret in silence.他站在那里，默默地流着悔恨的泪水。sheddingENGLISH如何判断非谓语动词的形式（to do/ doing/ done）？4. __________________ (finish) his homework, Steve went to sleep.went to sleep现在finished homeworkHaving finished“非谓语动词”秒杀技句中已有谓语动词且无连词非谓语动词与逻辑主语的关系doingto dodone主动、进行目的、将来被动、完成强调先后having done被动to be done核心用法对比：定语 a developing country (一个发展中国家，主动进行) a developed country (一个发达国家，被动完成) The boy standing there is Tom. (站在那儿的男孩，主动) The book written by Lu Xun is famous. (鲁迅写的书，被动)状语 Hearing the news, he jumped with joy. (听到这个消息，他高兴得跳起来。主动，几乎是同时发生) Seen from the hill, the city looks beautiful. (从山上看，这座城市很美。被动，城市“被”看)核心用法对比：宾语补足语 I saw him crossing the street. (我看见他正在过马路。主动进行) I saw the window broken by the boy. (我看见窗户被那个男孩打碎了。被动完成)表语 The movie is exciting. (这部电影令人兴奋。主动，电影本身具有使人兴奋的特性) We were excited about the news. (我们对这个消息感到兴奋。被动，我们“被”消息弄得兴奋)如何用非谓语动词升级句子？1. 找出两个或多个句子中主语之间的关系。2. 确定哪个是主要动作（作为主句谓语），哪个是次要动作（作为非谓语）。3. 根据主动/被动、进行/完成关系，选择正确的非谓语形式。解题步骤: The boy was praised by the teacher. He wore a big smile on his face. Praised by the teacher, the boy wore a big smile on his face.Step 1： 确定句子中主语所发出的两个动作V1 和V2Step 2 : 选取其中一个主要动作V1作谓语 次要动作V2作非谓语Step 3 : 构建非谓语结构，即判断V2与主语的关系， 主动用- ing， 被动用- edThe boy, praised by the teacher, wore a big smile on his face.ENGLISH_________________, Tao decided to ask Miss Qiu for help.仿写句子：看到他的悲伤，她用暖心的话语安慰他。（sadness, comfort, warm）____________________, she__________ him with warm words.写作句式1：Doing ..., sb. did ...Seeing his sadnesscomforted① Tao felt horrible. 陶感觉很糟糕。② Tao decided to ask Miss Qiu for help. 陶打算向邱老师寻求帮助。Feeling horribleENGLISH_____________________________, Tao felt much better.仿写句子：被老师的建议所鼓舞，他决心做点积极的事情。（encourage, advice, make up one's mind to do, positive）_________________________________, he ____________________do something positive.写作句式2：Done ..., sb. did ...made up his mind toEncouraged by the teacher's advice① Tao was comforted by Miss Qiu's words. 陶被邱老师的话语安慰。② Tao felt much better. 陶感觉好多了。Comforted by Miss Qiu's wordsENGLISHTo seek forgiveness, Tao followed Su every day, begging for a chance to explain.为了求得原谅，______________________________________。decided仿写句子： 他们决定一起散散步，坦诚地谈一谈。（decide, take a walk, frankly）They ______________ to take a walk together, ____________________.写作句式3：Sb. did ..., doing ...talking frankly陶每天跟着粟，祈求给一个解释的机会ENGLISH___________________________, Tao was forgiven.Having settled仿写句子： 解开了误会，他们和好如初。（settle, misunderstanding, be back on good terms）________________ the misunderstanding, they _________ back on good terms.写作句式4：Having done ..., sb. did ...were① Tao worked for days. 陶努力了好几天。② Tao was forgiven. 陶被原谅了。Having worked for days长句翻译1. 为了提高英语水平，他每天坚持读英文报纸。2. 被老师表扬后，这个男孩更加努力学习了。3. 我有很多作业要做，所以不能和你一起去看电影了。4. 看到妈妈回来，孩子们高兴地跳了起来。5. 我们应该学会如何解决生活中遇到的问题。6. 这本书是专门为初学者设计的，非常容易理解。7. 完成所有任务后，他们感到既疲惫又满足。8. 她建议我们去公园散步，放松一下心情。9. 由于没有收到他的消息，我开始担心他的安全。10. 那个穿着红色连衣裙的女孩是我们班的学习委员。长句翻译1. To improve his English, he keeps reading English newspapers every day.（不定式作目的状语）2. Praised by the teacher, the boy studied even harder.（过去分词作原因状语）3. I have a lot of homework to do, so I can’t go to the movies with you.（不定式作后置定语）4. Seeing their mother come back, the children jumped with joy.（现在分词作时间状语）5. We should learn how to solve the problems encountered in life.（过去分词作后置定语）长句翻译6. Designed specifically for beginners, this book is very easy to understand.（过去分词作状语；不定式作表语补足语）7. Having finished all the tasks, they felt both tired and satisfied.（现在分词完成式作时间状语，表先于主句动作）8. She suggested that we go for a walk in the park to relax ourselves.（不定式作目的状语）9. Not having received his message, I began to worry about his safety.（现在分词完成式的否定式作原因状语）10. The girl wearing a red dress is the study monitor of our class.（现在分词作后置定语）长句翻译11. 他花了整整一个月的时间准备这次重要的考试。12. 听到这个令人兴奋的消息，所有人都欢呼起来。13. 为了避免迟到，我们最好现在就出发。14. 这是我第一次参观这么美丽的历史名城。15. 老师让我们课后复习今天所学的内容。16. 受到父母的鼓励，她决定追求自己的音乐梦想。17. 正在操场上打篮球的那些男孩是我们学校的冠军队。18. 掌握一门外语需要大量的时间和努力。19. 他拒绝了我的帮助，说他自己能够完成这项工作。20. 从太空看，地球是一个被蓝色海洋覆盖的美丽星球。长句翻译11. He spent a whole month preparing for this important exam.（spend+时间+doing sth.）12. Hearing the exciting news, everyone cheered up.（现在分词作时间状语）13. To avoid being late, we’d better set off now.（不定式作目的状语；avoid doing sth. 避免做某事）14. This is the first time I have visited such a beautiful historic city.（不定式作后置定语，修饰time）15. The teacher asked us to review what we had learned today after class.（ask sb. to do sth. 让某人做某事）长句翻译16. Encouraged by her parents, she decided to pursue her music dream.（过去分词作原因状语）17. The boys playing basketball on the playground are the champion team of our school.（现在分词作后置定语）18. Mastering a foreign language requires a lot of time and effort.（动名词作主语）19. He refused my help, saying that he could finish the work by himself.（现在分词作伴随状语）20. Seen from space, the Earth is a beautiful planet covered by blue oceans.（过去分词作状语；过去分词作后置定语）高中英语写作从零开始谢谢观看