2026版高考英语一轮总复习专题突破训练题专题二“形”“态”各异的动词第三讲情态动词和虚拟语气

这是一份2026版高考英语一轮总复习专题突破训练题专题二“形”“态”各异的动词第三讲情态动词和虚拟语气，共10页。试卷主要包含了dare，..等内容，欢迎下载使用。
情景导入
Lucy is an utging lady.She can① play many kinds f musical instruments.Actually，she culd② play the pian when she was 8 years ld. Lucy als keeps taking exercise every day.She says that she has t③ d sme sprts because she must④ keep slim.
“Yu shall⑤ get fat sn if yu dn't take exercise every day.” She usually says t her friends.
As fr her，an elegant lady shuld⑥ try t keep fit.Hwever，last week，she fund that she might⑦ put n weight and she was wrried and decided t lse weight.And these days she is always thinking that she may⑧ succeed sn if she tries all her best.Hwever，she is always lacking in time because she ught t⑨ take care f her children.
One night after supper，she walked quickly in rder t g dancing at the Tmrrw Park but she was late.On her way，she thught that the dancing must have begun⑩，and the cach culd have taught r shwn⑪ many new mves. She was afraid that her friends might have left⑫ befre she gt there.She was regretful then.She shuld have had⑬ supper earlier, r she culd have taken⑭ a taxi，and indeed she needn't have taken⑮ a bath in advance.When she reached the park finally, she fund nbdy was there.She remembered suddenly that it had been reprted n the radi that there wuld be a heavy rain that night.
用法感悟
1．①can和②culd表 能力 ，意为“ 能够 ”。
2．③have t表示“ 不得不 ”。强调 客观需要 。
④must表 必须 ，强调说话者的 主观看法 。
3．⑤shall用于第 二 人称，表示说话人给对方 允诺 。
4．⑥shuld ⑨ught t表示“ 应该 ”。
5．⑧may ⑦might表示 推测 ，意为“ 可能 ”。
6．⑩must have dne ⑪culd have dne ⑫might have dne表示对过去所做事的 推测 。
7．⑬shuld have dne⑭culd have dne⑮needn't have dne表示对过去所做事(没做的事) 责备、后悔 。
一、情态动词的基本用法
1．can/culd
(1)表示“能力”，意为“能，会”。
I can't prmise anything, but I'll d what I can.
我不能许诺什么，但我会尽力而为。
(2)表示推测，意为“可能”，往往用于否定句或疑问句中。can比culd语气强。
That can't be Mary—she is in Lndn nw.
那不可能是玛丽——她现在在伦敦。
(3)表示客观可能性，意为“有时候会”，多用于肯定句。
Credit cards prvide us with lts f cnvenience, but smetimes they can lead t prblems.
信用卡给我们提供了许多方便，但有时候会导致一些问题。
(4)表示礼貌地请求，意为“能，可以”。在疑问句中culd可代替can, 语气更委婉。
Can yu tell us yur recipe fr happiness and a lng life?
你可以告诉我们你幸福和长寿的秘诀吗？
(5)固定句式：can't 无论……也不过分，越……越好。
I can't thank yu t much fr all yur help t my sn while we were away frm hme.
我非常感谢你在我们不在家时对我儿子的帮助。
2．may/might
(1)表示许可和请求，在疑问句中might比may的语气更委婉。
Might/May I have a wrd with yu? It wn't take lng.
我可以和你说句话吗？不会耽误很长时间。
(2)表示推测，意为“可能，或许”，用于肯定句和否定句中。
If yu frget t turn it ff when yu g away, yu might burn dwn the huse.
当你离开时如果忘记关掉它，你可能会把整个房子都烧毁。
(3)用于固定句式：may/might as well＋动词原形，意为“不妨；倒不如……”。
Since it is raining hard, yu may/might as well stay here.
既然雨下得这么大，你倒不如待在这儿。
3．must
(1)表示义务、必要性等，意为“必须”，其否定式mustn't 意为“禁止”。
—Can't yu stay a little lnger?
—It's getting late.I really must g nw.My daughter is hme alne.
——难道你不能再多待一会儿吗？
——时间不早了。现在我确实得走了。我的女儿独自一人在家。
(2)表示猜测、推测，意为“想必，一定”。常用于肯定句中。
Yu must be Carl.Yu haven't changed a bit after all these years.
你一定是卡罗尔。这么多年过去了，你一点都没变。
(3)表示偏执、固执，意为“非得，偏要”。
If yu must g, at least wait until the strm is ver.
如果你非得走，至少要等到暴风雨停了。
4．shall
(1)用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示。
Shall I tell Brett t cme ver straight after schl tmrrw?
要我告诉Brett明天放学后直接过来吗？
(2)用于第二、第三人称陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。
One f ur rules is that every student shall wear the schl unifrm while at schl.
我们的规定之一就是每名学生在校期间都必须穿校服。
5．shuld
(1)表示劝告或建议，意为“应该”。
I dn't think yu shuld give up the pprtunity t g t the university which yu have been dreaming abut.
我认为你不应该放弃你一直以来梦想上这所大学的机会。
(2)表示推测、可能性或预期，意为“应该；可能”。
He shuld be here n time—he started early enugh.
他应该按时到这里的——他出发得足够早。
(3)表示惊奇、失望、遗憾、愤怒等情绪，意为“竟然；居然”。
It's strange that a tp student shuld fail t pass the exam.
奇怪的是，一个尖子生竟然考试不及格。
6．will/wuld
(1)表示意志或意愿。will指现在，wuld指过去。
I have tld him again and again t stp smking, but he will nt listen.
我已再三告诉他戒烟，但他就是不听。
(2)表示习惯性动作，意为“总是”，will指现在，wuld指过去。
I still remember my happy childhd when my mther wuld take me t Disneyland n the weekend.
我仍然记得我快乐的童年，那时我妈妈经常在周末带我去迪士尼乐园。
(3)表示征求意见或提出请求，多用于第二人称疑问句中。wuld比will语气委婉。
Will/Wuld yu please let me have a lk at yur new watch?
请让我看看你的新手表好吗？
7．need
need表示必要性，常用于疑问句和否定句中，needn't表示“不必”。need 作实义动词时，可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句中，有人称、数和时态的变化，其后可接名词、代词、带t的动词不定式或动词-ing形式作宾语。
My rm is in a mess, but I needn't clean it befre I g ut tnight.
我的房间里乱糟糟的，不过我今天晚上出门之前没必要打扫它。
Since yu have already knwn it, we dn't need t keep it a secret.
既然你已经知道了，我们就没必要保密了。
8．dare
dare意为“敢，敢于”，主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件句中，后接动词原形。作实义动词时，在肯定句中通常接带t的动词不定式，在疑问句和否定句中，dare之后的t可省略。
Hw dare yu leave yur hme withut yur parents' permissin?
在没有征得你父母同意的情况下你怎么敢离开家？
Mst peple hate Harry but they dn't dare (t) say s.
大多数人讨厌哈里，但他们敢怒不敢言。
即时演练(一)
完成句子
1．安吉拉与西蒙进行了辩论，试图说服他改变主意，但西蒙不愿意听她的话。
Angela reasned with Simn, trying t persuade him t change his mind, but Simn wuld nt listen t her .
2．你不必道歉；任何人都可能迟到。过来坐下。
Yu dn't have t aplgize ; it can happen t anybdy t be late.Cme and sit dwn.
3．就我个人而言，你不妨抓住这个机会，否则一旦错过就再也不会得到另外一个机会了。
Persnally I think yu may as well seize the chance , r yu'll prbably never get anther nce yu miss it.
4．在这种情况下，如果说有什么话题需要避免，那一定就是大家的收入。
Under the circumstances, if there is any tpic that needs aviding, it must be peple's incme .
5．我奶奶已经七十多岁了，但她仍然可以不戴眼镜看书。
My grandma is ver seventy, but she can still read withut glasses .
二、情态动词＋have dne
1．对过去的推测
(1)must have dne一定做过……
(2)can't/culdn't have dne过去不可能做过……
(3)may/might have dne过去可能做过……
(4)may/might nt have dne过去可能没有做过……
Paul did a great jb in the speech cntest.He must have practised many times last week.
保罗在演讲比赛中表现得很好。他上周一定练习了很多次。
Gerge can't have gne t far.His cffee is still warm.
乔治不可能走得太远。他的咖啡还是温的。
2．对过去情况的后悔、遗憾或责备
(1)culd have dne本来能够做但却未做
(2)shuld have dne本来应该做但实际上未做
(3)shuldn't have dne
本来不应该做而实际上做了
(4)needn't have dne本来没必要做却做了
I thught yu might have invited her ver.
我想你大概已经邀请她过来了。
Yu shuld have studied harder.
你本应该更努力学习的。
Yu needn't have tld him that.
你本来用不着告诉他那个的。
即时演练(二)
单句语法填空
1．Yur cusin must have enjyed his trip in Jixian Cunty, didn't he? He lks amazingly different.
2．The spkesman did nt regret what he had said at the cnference but felt that he culd have expressed (express) it indirectly.
3．This may have been an imprvement, but “breakthrugh” was an verstatement.
4．I'm nt feeling well in the stmach. I shuldn't have eaten (eat) s much fried chicken just nw.
5．Yu ught t have cme (cme) t the party yesterday, but why didn't yu cme?
虚拟语气
情景导入
My deskmate，Mary，treats me as if she were① my sister.She is nice but fat. If she were nt s fat，she wuld lk② like a super mdel.Last year，a dctr advised that she (shuld) eat③ mre vegetables and fruits.He als made a suggestin that she (shuld) wrk ut④ regularly.Besides，he insisted that she (shuld) walk⑤ t schl.If she had fllwed the dctr's advice，she wuld nt be⑥ s fat nw.In ther wrds，if the dctr had persuaded her t d s, she wuld nt have becme⑦ verweight.
This mrning, Mary's mther bught her a new dress.It was really nice. But after she tried it n，she culdn't help shuting，“If nly I were⑧ a little thinner! Hw I wish I hadn't eaten⑨ s much junk fd befre！” Were I Mary，I wuld make⑩ a weight lss plan.If I became verweight in the future, I wuld d⑪ sprts every day.Nw it is high time that she changed⑫her lifestyle.Withut a healthy lifestyle，she wuldn't be⑬ able t lse weight.I wuld rather she went⑭swimming with me，but she insists that water sprts are⑮nt suitable fr her.S it is necessary that she (shuld) walk⑯ t schl.
用法感悟
1．根据句①可知，as if引导方式状语从句，与现在事实相反时，从句谓语动词用过去式，be动词一律用 were 。
2．(1)根据句②可知，表示与现在事实相反的假设，if从句的谓语动词用过去式(be动词一律用were)，主句的谓语用 wuld＋动词原形 。
(2)根据句⑦可知，表示与过去事实相反的假设，if从句的谓语动词用 过去完成时 ，主句的谓语用wuld have＋过去分词。
(3)根据句⑪可知，表示与将来事实相反的假设，if从句的谓语动词用 过去式 ，主句的谓语用wuld＋动词原形。
(4)句⑥为错综时间条件句，本句的虚拟条件句与 过去事实 相反，主句与 现在事实 相反。
(5)根据句⑩可知当省略if时，需要将 were ，shuld，had提到主语前，即部分倒装。
(6)根据句⑬可知本句为 withut 引起的含蓄条件句，可转换为if从句。
3．(1)根据句③句⑤可知，在advise，insist(坚决主张)等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用“ (shuld＋)动词原形 ”。
(2)根据句⑮可知，insist意为“ 坚持说 ”时，宾语从句不用虚拟语气。
(3)根据句⑨可知，wish后的宾语从句表示过去的情况时，从句谓语用 过去完成时 。
(4)根据句⑭可知，wuld rather后的宾语从句中，谓语常用 过去式 来表示现在或将来的情况。
4．根据句④可知，suggestin后的同位语从句中，从句用“ (shuld＋)动词原形 ”。
5．根据句⑯可知，在“It is＋necessary＋that...”句型中，谓语动词用“ (shuld)＋动词原形 ”。
6．根据句⑧可知，if nly引导的感叹句中，用虚拟语气表示愿望。与现在事实相反时，谓语动词用过去式，be动词一律用 were 。
7．根据句⑫可知，在“It is high time＋that从句”中，谓语动词常用 过去式 表示虚拟语气。
一、虚拟语气用于条件句中的4种情况
1．虚拟语气在if条件句中的运用
If he had time nw, he wuld (shuld/culd/might) g with yu.
如果他现在有时间，他会和你一起去的。(与现在事实相反)
If yu had cme a few minutes earlier, yu wuld (shuld/culd/might) have met the famus singer.
如果你早来几分钟，你就会见到那个著名歌手了。(与过去事实相反)
If it were t snw/shuld snw/snwed this evening, they wuld (shuld/culd/might) nt g ut.
如果今天晚上下雪，他们就不会出去。(与将来事实相反)
2．虚拟条件句中的省略与倒装
如果虚拟条件句中含有were/had/shuld，有时可把if省略，把were/had/shuld提到主语之前形成倒装；若为否定形式，nt不可提前。
Had he caught the mrning train, he wuld nt have been late fr the meeting.
要是他赶上了早晨的火车，那他开会就不会迟到了。
3．错综时间条件句
有时条件句的动作与主句动作发生的时间不一致，这时动词的形式应根据它们各自发生的时间加以调整。
If we had bked a table earlier, we wuldn't be standing here in a queue.
如果我们早些订位子，现在也就不用站在这里排队了。(if条件句是对过去的虚拟，而主句是对现在的虚拟)
4．含蓄条件句
(1)有时假设的情况不用条件句表达，而是用but fr, withut等介词(短语)来表示。
We wuldn't have finished the prject n time withut yur timely help.
如果没有你的及时帮助，我们就不能按时完成那项工程了。
(2)用连词therwise, r等暗示下文与前面的情况相反，从而引出下文的虚拟语气。
He reminded me f the meeting, therwise I wuld have frgtten it.
他提醒了我会议的事，要不然我就忘了。
(3)虚拟条件通过but暗示出来，句型结构为“虚拟情况＋but＋真实情况”。
She wuld have cme t see yu, but she was s busy that day.
她本来想来看望你的，但那天她太忙了。
即时演练(三)
单句语法填空
1．I was busy finishing my paper that day. Otherwise I wuld have gne (g) there with them.
2．If he had listened (listen) t the teacher attentively yesterday, he wuld knw the answer t the prblem nw.
3．If he had lain (lie) quietly as the dctr instructed, he wuldn't suffer s much nw.
4．Had yu studied harder at cllege, yu wuld/culd get (get) a better jb nw.
5．I might nt have been wet then if I had taken (take) my raincat with me this mrning.
二、虚拟语气用于名词性从句中的4种情况
1．在“It is＋imprtant/necessary/natural/strange/essential/vital/a pity＋that ...”句型中，谓语动词用“(shuld＋)动词原形”。
It's vital that we (shuld) take ur safety driving alng the rad seriusly.
重视道路安全驾驶是至关重要的。
2．在wuld rather (that)后的宾语从句中，从句的谓语动词如果表示现在或将来要发生的动作，从句用一般过去时；如果表示过去发生的动作，从句用过去完成时。
I'd rather he had gne t the seaside with me the day befre yesterday.
要是他前天和我一起去海边就好了。
3．句中含有以下单词或其变形时，该句中的名词性从句(宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句、同位语从句)部分常用虚拟语气，其谓语动词形式为“shuld＋动词原形”，其中shuld可以省略。
4．动词wish后宾语从句中的虚拟语气
即时演练(四)
单句语法填空
1．It is essential that these applicatin frms (shuld) be sent (send) back as early as pssible.
2．It is strngly recmmended that the machines (shuld) be checked (check) every year.
3．Hw I wish I hadn't tried (nt, try) t repair the cellphne! I nly made it wrse.
4．My suggestin is that mre peple frm all walks f life (shuld) be encuraged (encurage) t finance the prject with their deeper lve fr these children.
5．My husband is always talking abut the ecnmy, but I'd rather he fcused (fcus) mre n ur children's educatin.
三、3个特定句式中的虚拟语气
【点津】
在虚拟语气中，关键词的意义和语境是判断句子是否为虚拟语气的重点，解决此类问题要重点考虑时间和主从句结构两个方面。
即时演练(五)
单句语法填空
1．I felt s embarrassed when being blamed by my teacher in class. If nly I had cmpleted (cmplete) my hmewrk last night!
2．They stared at me as if I had cme (cme) frm the uter space.
3．Sme animals are in danger f dying ut, s it is high time that the gvernment tk/shuld take (take) sme measures t prtect endangered animals.
【例1】 Samuel, the tallest by in ur class, can easily reach the bks n the tp shelf.
分析：句意：塞缪尔，我们班最高的男生，能很轻松地够着书架顶层的书。根据语境可知，此处表示“能力”，应用can。故填can。
【例2】 It's strange that he shuld have taken the bks withut the wner's permissin.
分析：句意：真奇怪，他居然没有得到主人的允许就把那些书拿走了。shuld have dne 表示“竟然做了某事”，体现说话者一种惊奇、惊讶、不相信的语气。故填shuld。类别
从句谓语动词
主句谓语动词
与现在事实相反
过去式(be用were)
shuld/wuld/culd/might＋动词原形
与过去事实相反
had＋过去分词
shuld/wuld/culd/might＋have＋过去分词
与将来事
实相反
过去式(be用were)
shuld/wuld/culd/might＋动词原形
shuld＋动词原形
were t＋动词原形
事实情况
从句谓语动词
与现在事实相反
过去式(be动词一般用were)
与过去事实相反
had＋过去分词
与将来事实相反
wuld/culd＋动词原形
句型结构
过去虚拟
现在虚拟
将来虚拟
if nly引导的条件句及感叹句
had＋过去分词
过去式(be动词一般用were)
wuld/culd/shuld/might＋动词原形
as if/thugh引导的表语从句及方式状语从句
had＋过去分词
过去式(be动词一般用were)
wuld/culd/shuld/might＋动词原形
It is(high) time(that)．..
过去式或“shuld＋动词原形”