【英语】湖南省长沙市某中学2024-2025年高二上学期开学考试试卷（解析版）

这是一份【英语】湖南省长沙市某中学2024-2025年高二上学期开学考试试卷（解析版），共21页。试卷主要包含了5分，满分37等内容，欢迎下载使用。
第一部分 听力（略）
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Archaelgy camp
Each summer, the Public Archaelgy Facility ’s Cmmunity Archaelgy Prgram ffers a week - lng prgram fcused n archaelgy fr kids entering Grades 5 and 6. The prgram is taught by prfessinal archaelgists frm Binghamtn University. Students will learn abut the science f archaelgy thrugh hands - n , interactive classrm prjects , labratry turs, utdr activities, and a visit t a lcal archaelgical site.
Our 2023 Research Site is the Whitney Pint Bridge site. Brme Cunty, New Yrk. Dates : July 13-17, 2023
Time: 8:30 am -4:30 pm
Tickets: $200 per participant ( a 10% discunt befre May 15,2023) The sessin is limited t 16 students t ensure the best educatinal setting.
Participants will spend the first tw days f the prgram learning abut ancient cultures, archaelgical cncepts, and practicing fieldwrk techniques, and artifact(人工制品) classificatin and preservatin. Kids will take part in exciting activities in experimental and creative archaelgy, including pttery (陶器) cnstructin and a crss - cuntry race.
On the third and furth days, participants will explre lcal histric sites lng - cvered by plants. and learn hw archaelgists survey sites ‘ using direct mcasurements, digital cameras, careful ntes, and hand - held GPS units. This trip will als prvide an pprtunity t learn mre abut the envirnment in which these sites were created.
On the last day - the prgram will travel t a lcal histrically significant archaeclgical site currently being excavated (挖掘) by the Public Archaelgy Facility where students will bserve prfessinal excavatins, Participants will be able t assist in sme f the tasks at the site, including screening (筛查;甄别) fr artifacts, nte - taking, and site interpretatin.
1. What d we knw abut the archaelgy camp ?
A. It lasts fr a whle mnth.
B. Itis limited t a dzen kids.
C. It is guided by university experts.
D. It is intended fr high schl students.
2. Hw much shuld tw kids pay if they buy fickets befre March 15,2023?
A. $200.B. $360C. $380. D. $400.
3. What will participants prbably d n July 16, 2023?
A. Cnduct a survey in the field.
B. Help recnstruct ancicnt bjects.
C. Observe prfesstnal excavatins.
D. Learn abut artifact classificatin.
【答案】1. C 2. B 3. A
【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文。主要内容是有关夏令营的活动时间、地点、行程安排等。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The prgram is taught by prfessinal archaelgists frm Binghamtn(该项目由宾厄姆顿的专业考古学家教授)”可知，这个夏令营由来自宾汉姆顿大学的专业考古学家指导，故选C项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。由“Tickets”部分中的“$ 200 per participant(a 10% discunt befre May 15, 2023(每位参与者200美元（2023年5月15日前可享受10%的折扣）)”可知，如果在2023年3月15日之前买票的话，会打九折，那么两个孩子总共需付360美元，故选B项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。由“Dates”部分中的“July 13-17, 2023(2023年7月13-17)”和倒数第二段中的“On the third and furth days, participants will explre lcal histric sites lng-cvered by plants, and learn hw archaelgists survey sites(在第三天和第四天，参与者将探索长期被植物覆盖的当地历史遗址，并学习考古学家如何调查遗址)”可知，参加夏令营的孩子们可能会在7月16日（夏令营第4天）去野外进行实地勘查，故选A项。
B
Whether it be a persn, an animal, r even an insect, a mther’s instincts (本能) are never wrng. This idea rings true fr a mther cat wh acted fast and sught ut help when her kittens were in truble. This mther cat’s quick thinking may have just saved her babies.
In the urban district f Izmir in western Turkey, a cat walked int a regular hspital blding a kitten in her muth. As the mther cat mved thrugh the hspital, peple were surprised t see such a sight, but let her pass. The mther cat asked fr help, crying fr a lng time. She was familiar t the hspital staff, wh had been leaving her fd and water utside, but they were unaware that she had given birth t kittens.
The mther cat was cncerned fr her yung because they weren’t able t pen their eyes. After the dctrs lked at the kittens, they nticed that they were suffering frm eye infectins. One f the dctrs recalls, “We cnsulted with vets (兽医) and gave medicine as described. When the kittens pened their eyes a shrt time later, we were excited.” Later, they were sent t an animal hspital fr further care. The cats are nw up fr adptin and will hpefully find lving frever hmes.
When it cmes t mther cats and kittens, kittens cmpletely depend n mthers fr the first few mnths f their lives. Because they are blind and almst deaf until abut tw r three weeks ld, the mther cat must prtect them frm any threat r danger. Withut the mther cat’s help, the kittens may nt make it t adulthd.
As shwn by the mther cat in Turkey, a mther’s lve and prtectin knws n bunds. Whether the mm is a human r a cat, mthers will always lk ut fr their babies and make sure they are safe and healthy.
4. Why did the mther cat shw up in the hspital?
A. T beg fr fd.B. T get her babies treated.
C. T express thanks.D. T give birth t her babies.
5. Hw did the dctrs help the baby cat?
A. They built them a hme.B. They adpted all f them.
C. They perated n them immediately.D. They gave them right medicine.
6. What makes newly-brn cats dependent n their mthers?
A. Their physical state.B. Their eating habit.
C. Their appearance.D. Their behavir.
7. What can we learn frm the stry?
A. Lve makes a difference.
B. One gd turn deserves anther.
C. Humans can live peacefully with animals.
D. Gd helps thse wh help themselves.
【答案】4. B 5. D 6. A 7. A
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。在土耳其有一只猫妈妈叼着刚出生不久的小猫来医院寻求帮助，由此说明无论是人还是动物，母爱都非常伟大。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The mther cat asked fr help, crying fr a lng time.(猫妈妈叫喊了很久，请求帮助。)”和第三段中的“The mther cat was cncerned fr her yung because they weren’t able t pen their eyes.(母猫很担心她的幼崽，因为它们无法睁开眼睛。)”可知，猫妈妈出现在医院是为了让自己的孩子得到治疗。故选B。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“One f the dctrs recalls, “We cnsulted with vets (兽医) and gave medicine as described. When the kittens pened their eyes a shrt time later, we were excited.”(其中一位医生回忆道：“我们咨询了兽医，并按照描述给了药。不久后，小猫睁开眼睛，我们很兴奋。”)”可知，医生们给小猫们用上了合适的药物。故选D。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中的“When it cmes t mther cats and kittens, kittens cmpletely depend n mthers fr the first few mnths f their lives. Because they are blind and almst deaf until abut tw r three weeks ld, the mther cat must prtect them frm any threat r danger.(说到母猫和小猫，小猫在生命的前几个月完全依赖母亲。因为它们在两三周大之前都看不见，也几乎听不见，母猫必须保护它们免受任何威胁或危险。)”可知，小猫在生命的前几个月要完全依赖母亲，因为它们在两三周大之前都看不见，也几乎听不见，这种情况是由它们的身体状态决定的。故选A。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“As shwn by the mther cat in Turkey, a mther’s lve and prtectin knws n bunds. Whether the mm is a human r a cat, mthers will always lk ut fr their babies and make sure they are safe and healthy.(正如土耳其的母猫所展现的那样，母亲的爱和保护是无限的。无论母亲是人还是猫，母亲们都会照顾好自己的孩子，确保他们安全健康。)”并结合土耳其这只母猫叼着小猫来医院寻求帮助的故事可推知，爱让一切变得不同。故选A。
C
Mst peple enjy variety. We like t eat different fds frm meal t meal. We wear different clthes. We like t try new activities and visit new places. We becme bred when there is little variety. Nevertheless, there’s ne place where we tend t dislike variety, and that’s in each ther. We ften feel uncmfrtable with peple wh practise different habits, r hld beliefs r values that we d nt share.
There are reasns fr this. When we are expsed t new and different things, ur brain wrks a bit harder than usual. When we’re learning, ur nerve cells require mre resurces, such as water, salt, and varius ther chemicals. This extra metablic (新陈代谢的) activity can feel unsettling and unpleasant. And it can feel wrse if ur nervus system is already under pressure, like in the midst f the pandemic.
This srt f variatin may be uncmfrtable fr individuals, but it’s critical t the survival f any species. If all finches (雀科鸣鸟) were identical, fr example, and their envirnment changed in sme significant, harmful ways, like an increase in the temperature r a decrease in water, all f them wuld be equally affected and the species might becme extinct. This insight int variatin cmes frm Charles Darwin, and it’s knwn as ppulatin thinking. Mst peple assciate Darwin with his evlutinary thery f natural selectin, but ppulatin thinking may be an even greater scientific achievement. The idea f “survival f the fittest” implies that individuals must vary. Sme are mre suited than thers fr a given envirnment, making it easier fr them t survive, grw, and reprduce. Variatin is therefre a prerequisite fr natural selectin t wrk.
Dealing with the vast variety f humankind can be demanding and even annying at times, but it’s a gd investment, srt f like exercise fr yur brain. When yu meet smene wh lks different r thinks differently frm yu, treat yur discmfrt as a cue t be curius and learn instead f a signal f a prblem. Dn’t hld the view that the ther persn shuld be silenced. Ultimately, this mindset can make yu mre flexible in adapting t challenging situatins, and mre adaptable t change.
8. Which f the fllwing might make peple feel uncmfrtable?
A. Having an adventure in the wild.
B. Taking a trip t a freign cuntry.
C. Sharing traveling experiences with thers.
D. Scializing with peple frm diverse cultures.
9. What des the secnd paragraph fcus n?
A. Peple’s unwillingness t deal with new things.
B. The significance f learning new things in ur life.
C. The bilgical explanatins fr peple’s discmfrt.
D. The rle f the nervus system in learning new things.
10. What des the underlined wrd “prerequisite” in Paragraph 3 prbably mean?
A. Requirement.B. Substitute.C. Mtivatin.D. Challenge.
11. What des the writer mainly want t cnvey?
A. Why we tend t chase and enjy variatin.
B. Hw we can benefit frm seeking variatin.
C. Hw we shuld treat the differences we find in thers.
D. Why we shuld get alng with peple different frm us.
【答案】8. D 9. C 10. A 11. D
【语篇解读】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了为什么我们应该和不同的人相处并且给出了原因。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“We ften feel uncmfrtable with peple wh practise different habits, r hld beliefs r values that we d nt share.”（我们经常对那些有不同习惯的人，或者持有与我们不同的信仰或价值观的人感到不舒服。）可知，与来自不同文化背景的人交往会让人感到不舒服。故选D项。
【9题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段“There are reasns fr this. When we are expsed t new and different things, ur brain wrks a bit harder than usual. When we’re learning, ur nerve cells require mre resurces, such as water, salt, and varius ther chemicals. This extra metablic (新陈代谢的) activity can feel unsettling and unpleasant. And it can feel wrse if ur nervus system is already under pressure, like in the midst f the pandemic.”（这是有原因的。当我们接触到新的和不同的事物时，我们的大脑会比平时工作得更努力。当我们学习的时候，我们的神经细胞需要更多的资源，比如水、盐和其他各种化学物质。这种额外的代谢活动会让人感到不安和不愉快。如果我们的神经系统已经处于压力之下，比如在大流行期间，情况会更糟。）可知，第二段主要讲的是人们感到不舒服的生物学解释。故选C项。
【10题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第三段中“The idea f “survival f the fittest” implies that individuals must vary. Sme are mre suited than thers fr a given envirnment, making it easier fr them t survive, grw, and reprduce.”（“适者生存”的观念意味着个体必须有所不同。有些物种比其他物种更适合特定的环境，使它们更容易生存、生长和繁殖。）讲的是有些物种比其他物种更适合特定的环境，意味着个体必须有所不同。因此，变异是自然选择起作用的先决条件。故可猜测划线单词prerequisite为“先决条件，前提条件”的意思，结合选项Requirement“必要条件”意思相近。故选A项。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章大意以及根据第二段“There are reasns fr this”（这个是有原因的）最后一段“Dealing with the vast variety f humankind can be demanding and even annying at times, but it’s a gd investment, srt f like exercise fr yur brain. When yu meet smene wh lks different r thinks differently frm yu, treat yur discmfrt as a cue t be curius and learn instead f a signal f a prblem. Dn’t hld the view that the ther persn shuld be silenced. Ultimately, this mindset can make yu mre flexible in adapting t challenging situatins, and mre adaptable t change.”（与形形色色的人打交道有时会很费力，甚至很烦人，但这是一项很好的投资，有点像锻炼大脑。当你遇到与你长相不同或想法不同的人时，把你的不适当作是好奇和学习的暗示，而不是问题的信号。不要认为对方应该保持沉默。最终，这种心态可以让你更灵活地适应具有挑战性的情况，更能适应变化。）可推知，作者主要想表达的是为什么我们应该和不同的人相处。故选D项。
D
Certain stem cells have a unique ability t mve between grwth cmpartments(隔间) in hair fllicles(毛囊), but get stuck as peple age and s lse their ability t mature and maintain hair clr, a new study shws.
Led by researchers frm NYU Grssman Schl f Medicine, the new wrk fcused n cells in the skin f mice and als fund in humans called melancyte stem cells, r McSCs. Hair clr is cntrlled by whether nnfunctinal but cntinually multiplying pls f McSCs within hair fllicles get the signal t becme mature cells that make the prtein pigment(色素) respnsible fr clr.
The new study shwed that McSCs are remarkably plastic. This means that during nrmal hair grwth, such cells cntinually mve back and frth between maturity and immaturity as they mve between cmpartments f the develping hair fllicle. It is inside these cmpartments that McSCs are expsed t different levels f maturity-influencing prtein signals.
The researchers fund that as hair ages, cmes ff, and then repeatedly grws back, increasing numbers f McSCs get stuck in the stem cell cmpartment. They remain there, d nt mature int the transit-amplifying state, and d nt travel back t their riginal lcatin in the germ cmpartment, where they regenerate int pigment cells.
Specifically, the research team fund that McSCs transfrm between their mst primitive stem cell state and the next stage f their maturatin, depending n their lcatin.
“Our study adds t ur basic understanding f hw McSCs wrk t clr hair,”said study lead investigatr Qi Sun, PhD, a pstdctral fellw at NYU Langne Health. “The newfund mechanisms raise the pssibility that the same fixed-psitining f McSCs may exist in humans. If s, it presents a ptential pathway fr changing ver r preventing the graying f human hair by helping jammed cells t mve again between develping hair fllicle cmpartments.”
12. What is the functin f mature McSCs?
A. Receiving maturity signal.B. Making prtein pigments.
C. Stpping hair frm being clred.D. Sending maturity-influencing prtein signals.
13. What determines the state f McSCs?
A. Their quantity.B. Their grwing time.
C. Their size.D. Their psitin.
14. What can be cncluded frm the study?
A. Hair will stp grwing as it ages.B. Gray hair will n lnger mature.
C. Stuck McSCs cause hair t turn gray.D. Gray hair can eventually grw nrmal.
15. What did Qi Sun express in the last paragraph?
A. The ptential applicatin f the finding.
B. The principle behind the result f the study.
C. The basic understanding f McSCs.
D. The pssibility f develping hair fllicle cmpartments.
【答案】12. B 13. D 14. C 15. A
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种关于被称为黑色素干细胞（Melancyte stem cells，简称McSCs）的细胞的研究。这项研究有助于困在干细胞区域的细胞重新移动到发育中的毛囊隔间，从而为改变或预防人类头发变白增加了途径。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段描述“Hair clr is cntrlled by whether nnfunctinal but cntinually multiplying pls f McSCs within hair fllicles get the signal t becme mature cells that make the prtein pigment(色素) respnsible fr clr. (头发的颜色是由毛囊内不断繁殖的但无功能的McSCs是否收到信号并转化为制造负责颜色的蛋白质色素的成熟细胞所决定的。)”可知，头发的颜色是由McSCs是否收到信号并转化为制造负责颜色的蛋白质色素的成熟细胞所决定的，即成熟的McSCs的功能是制造蛋白色素。故选B。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第五段描述“Specifically, the research team fund that McSCs transfrm between their mst primitive stem cell state and the next stage f their maturatin, depending n their lcatin. (具体地，研究团队发现McSCs会根据其位置在其最原始的干细胞状态与其下一阶段的成熟状态之间进行转变。)”可知，McSCs会根据其位置在其最原始的干细胞状态与其下一阶段的成熟状态之间进行转变即McSCs的状态由其位置决定。故选D。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The researchers fund that as hair ages, cmes ff，and then repeatedly grws back,increasing numbers f McSCs get stuck in the stem cell cmpartment.They remain there, d nt mature int the transit-amplifying state，and d nt travel back t their riginal lcatin in the germ cmpartment,where they regenerate int pigment cells(研究人员发现，随着头发老化、脱落，然后反复长回，越来越多的McSC被困在干细胞室中。它们留在那里，不会成熟到转运扩增状态，也不会回到生殖室中可以再生成色素细胞的原始位置)”﹔以及最后一段的“The newfund mechanisms raise the pssibility that the same fixed-psitining f McSCs may exist in humans.lf s,it presents a ptential pathway fr changing ver r preventing the graying f human hair by helping jammed cells t mve again between develping hair fllicle cmpartments(新发现的机制提高了McSC在人类中可能存在相同固定定位的可能性。如果是这样的话，它提供了一种潜在的途径，通过帮助堵塞的细胞在发育中的毛囊隔间之间再次移动来改变或防止人类头发变白)”，fixed-psitining f McSCs和Stuck McSCs是近义词，可知从研究中可以得出结论---粘在一起的McSC会导致头发变灰，故选C。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段描述““The newfund mechanisms raise the pssibility that the same fixed-psitining f McSCs may exist in humans. If s, it presents a ptential pathway fr changing ver r preventing the graying f human hair by helping jammed cells t mve again between develping hair fllicle cmpartments.”(新发现的机制提出了在人类中也可能存在McSCs的同样的固定定位的可能性。如果是这样，它提供了一个潜在的途径，通过帮助被卡住的细胞在发育中的毛囊隔间之间再次移动来改变或防止人类头发变白。”)”可知，最后一段主要讲述的是通过帮助被卡住的细胞在发育中的毛囊隔间之间再次移动来改变或防止人类头发变白，这是Qi Sun所谈到的该发现的潜在应用。故选A。
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
A large part f the wrld’s ttal sugar supply cmes frm beets. Mst markets carry this sugar, but it may nt always be clearly labeled. Yu may think the white sugar yu just bught is made frm sugarcane. ___16___
Beets have been an imprtant crp in human agriculture fr centuries, with evidence f their planting dating back t ancient civilizatins in Eurpe. Hwever, it was nt until the16th century that beets’ ptential as a surce f sugar was realized. ___17___ Later, they slwly spread t America.
One key advantage f using beets fr sugar is that cmpared t sugarcane, beets can be planted in cler regins. ___18___ Beet sugar is als easier t prduce. just requiring very basic prcessing. S in cnsideratin f the cst- effective characteristics, beets are an attractive alternative t sugarcane.
___19___ The initial step invlves washing and cutting up the beets, fllwed by passing them thrugh a machine that frces ht water past the beet pieces. The resulting juice is then cmbined with liquids squeezed frm the beets. The mixture is then heated, leading t a thick, sweet liquid. Finally, the liquid is further prcessed t btain beet sugar, which is chemically nearly identical t sugarcane sugar.
The quantities f beet sugar and sugarcane sugar can be used equally in baking recipes. ___20___ While sme peple are able t tell a difference, many thers can’t tell whether a baked treat has been made with beet sugar r sugarcane sugar. S beet sugar smetimes can replace sugarcane sugar in a baking recipe.
A. Beets can be easily prcessed.
B. But its surce may be actually beets.
C. The flavur f baked gds is quite similar.
D. Let’s lk at hw exactly t make beet sugar.
E. In mst cases, peple tend t eat sugarcane sugar.
F. Besides, beets are tugher and able t grw n land f pr quality.
G. Therefre, beet sugar prcessing plants began t be built in Eurpe.
【答案】16. B 17. G 18. F 19. D 20. C
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。这篇文章主要介绍了甜菜作为糖源的重要性、历史、优势以及甜菜糖的生产过程和用途。
【16题详解】
根据上文“Mst markets carry this sugar, but it may nt always be clearly labeled. Yu may think the white sugar yu just bught is made frm sugarcane.(大多数市场都出售这种糖，但它可能并不总是清楚地标注出来。您可能认为您刚刚买的白糖是用甘蔗做的。)”可知，空处和上文形成转折关系，指出糖的来源可能不是蔗糖，而是甜菜做的糖。B项：But its surce may be actually beets.(但它的来源实际上可能是甜菜。)符合语境。故选B。
【17题详解】
根据上文“Beets have been an imprtant crp in human agriculture fr centuries, with evidence f their planting dating back t ancient civilizatins in Eurpe. Hwever, it was nt until the16th century that beets’ ptential as a surce f sugar was realized.(甜菜几个世纪以来一直是人类农业中的重要作物，其种植的证据可以追溯到欧洲的古文明。然而，直到16世纪，人们才意识到甜菜作为糖源的潜力。)”可知，欧洲人意识到甜菜作为糖源的潜力，因此变开始建立甜菜加工厂，空处和上文形成因果关系。G项：Therefre, beet sugar prcessing plants began t be built in Eurpe.(因此，欧洲开始建立甜菜糖加工厂。)符合语境。故选G。
【18题详解】
根据上文“One key advantage f using beets fr sugar is that cmpared t sugarcane, beets can be planted in cler regins.(用甜菜制糖的一个主要优点是，与甘蔗相比，甜菜可以在较冷的地区种植。)”和下文“Beet sugar is als easier t prduce.(甜菜糖也更容易生产。)”可知，本段是在说明用甜菜制作糖的优势。F项的“Besides”与上文的“One key advantage”对应。F项：Besides, beets are tugher and able t grw n land f pr quality.(此外，甜菜更坚韧，能在质量差的土地上生长。)符合语境。故选F。
【19题详解】
空处为段落主旨句。根据下文“The initial step invlves washing and cutting up the beets, fllwed by passing them thrugh a machine that frces ht water past the beet pieces. The resulting juice is then cmbined with liquids squeezed frm the beets. The mixture is then heated, leading t a thick, sweet liquid. Finally, the liquid is further prcessed t btain beet sugar, which is chemically nearly identical t sugarcane sugar.(第一步是清洗和切碎甜菜，然后将它们通过一台机器，这台机器迫使热水通过甜菜块。然后将得到的果汁与从甜菜中榨出的液体混合。然后将混合物加热，得到一种浓稠的甜液。最后，对液体进行进一步加工以获得甜菜糖，甜菜糖在化学上与甘蔗糖几乎相同。)”可知，本段主要介绍了制作甜菜糖的步骤。D项中的“hw exactly t make beet sugar”与下文中的“The initial step…then…Finally…”对应。D项：Let’s lk at hw exactly t make beet sugar.(让我们来看看到底如何制造甜菜糖。)符合语境。故选D。
【20题详解】
根据下文“While sme peple are able t tell a difference, many thers can’t tell whether a baked treat has been made with beet sugar r sugarcane sugar.(虽然有些人能够分辨出区别，但很多人无法分辨出烘焙食品是用甜菜糖还是甘蔗糖做的。)”可知，一些人能够分辨出烘焙食品是用甜菜糖还是甘蔗糖做的，但很多人则无法分辨。这暗示了两者在烘焙后的味道上非常相似。C项：The flavur f baked gds is quite similar.(烘焙食品的味道很相似。)符合语境。故选C。
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Tineke Vanbbergen fund herself trn when it was time fr her t return t her jb. As a new mm, she was anxius abut ___21___ her baby. Althugh Alix’s dad, Kenny Deuss, wuld d fine, Tineke wanted ___22___: a picture every single day.
Kenny sent ___23___ phts fr the first week — Alix sleeping, Alix eating… — and Tineke felt better. But Kenny was bred ___24___ the same shts ver and ver. S an idea ___25___ his mind.
The next week, when Tineke pened her lunchtime pht, she gt a(n) ___26___. The picture was Alix in a ___27___ psitin in an astrnaut suit with a sign t travel t the mn.
“___28___, I had t ask, ‘Can he sit?’ because he was nly three mnths ld,” said Tineke. But she quickly ___29___ that Kenny used digital editing sftware t make it lk like baby Alix was sitting up all by himself, ready t rcket int space.
Tineke then shwed it t all her ____30____, and the cllective admiratin that fllwed generated a regular ____31____. S every Tuesday, Kenny wuld send a new pht ____32____ Alix in a digitally manipulated (修改过的；处理过的) seemingly wrrisme situatin.
Kenny had lts f fun with the baby while psing him fr ____33____ phts. S did the baby. This ____34____ dad was crrecting the ____35____ in general — fathers cannt take care f children easily.
21. A. giving upB. hearing frmC. parting frmD. bringing up
22. A. prfB. attentinC. helpD. advice
23. A. funnyB. clearC. qualityD. nrmal
24. A. describingB. textingC. cllectingD. repairing
25. A. carriedB. cludedC. beyedD. ccupied
26. A. surpriseB. explanatinC. prblem.D. award
27. A. standingB. runningC. sittingD. lying
28. A. ActivelyB. ObviuslyC. EventuallyD. Typically
29. A. determinedB. ensuredC. imaginedD. perceived
30. A. relativesB. assciatesC. clientsD. neighbrs
31. A. visitB. prgramC. demandD. meeting
32. A. featuringB. recallingC. reprtingD. testing
33. A. nvelB. superirC. elegantD. thrilling
34. A. respnsibleB. curiusC. experiencedD. creative
35. A. debateB. misbeliefC. cnflictD. disadvantage
【答案】21. C 22. A 23. D 24. B 25. D 26. A 27. C 28. B 29. A 30. B 31. C 32. A 33. A 34. D 35. B
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了新手妈妈Tineke回到工作后，担心与三个月大的孩子Alex分开，要求丈夫Kenny每天发照片。Kenny起初发正常照片，后来感到厌倦，开始用数字编辑软件制作有趣照片。这些照片不仅让Tineke惊喜，还得到同事赞赏，于是Kenny定期发一张新奇照片，这些照片纠正了人们对父亲照顾孩子的能力的误解。
【21题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：作为一个新手妈妈，她很担心和她的孩子分开。A. giving up放弃；B. hearing frm收到……的消息；C. parting frm与……分开；D. bringing up抚养。根据上文“Tineke Vanbbergen fund herself trn when it was time fr her t return t her jb.”可知，因为要回到工作岗位，Tineke感到很纠结，因此是担心与她的孩子分开。故选C。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然Alex的父亲Kenny Deuss会做得很好，但Tineke想要证据：每天都要一张照片。A. prf证据；B. attentin注意；C. help帮助；D. advice建议。根据下文“a picture every single day”可知，Tineke让丈夫Kenny每天都发一张照片，作为孩子Alex被照顾得很好的证据。故选A。
【23题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Kenny发来了第一周正常的照片——Alex睡觉，Alex吃饭……——Tineke感觉好多了。A. funny有趣的；B. clear清晰的；C. quality高质量的；D. nrmal正常的。根据下文“Alix sleeping, Alix eating”和“The picture was Alix in a ______ psitin in an astrnaut suit with a sign t travel t the mn.”可知，与后来发的照片相比，第一周Kenny发的是Alex睡觉、吃饭的正常照片。故选D。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但Kenny厌倦了一遍又一遍地发同样的照片。A. describing描述；B. texting给……发短信，发送；C. cllecting收集；D. repairing修理。根据上文“Kenny sent ______ phts fr the first week”可知，Kenny发送照片。故选B。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：于是一个主意占据了他的头脑。A. carried携带；B. cluded让……蒙上阴影；C. beyed服从；D. ccupied占据。根据下文叙述的Kenny给Tineke发送Alex的有趣照片可知，此处指他想出了一个主意，即一个主意占据了他的头脑。故选D。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：下个星期，当Tineke打开她的午餐照片时，她大吃一惊。A. surprise惊讶；B. explanatin解释；C. prblem问题；D. award奖品。根据下文“The picture was Alix in a ______ psitin in an astrnaut suit with a sign t travel t the mn.”可知，这张照片里Alex穿着太空服，和之前的照片不同，因此是大吃一惊。故选A。
【27题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：照片上，Alex穿着太空服坐着，上面写着要去月球旅行的标语。A. standing站立的；B. running跑步的；C. sitting坐着的；D. lying躺着的。根据下文“Can he sit?”可知，Alex穿着太空服坐着。故选C。
【28题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：“显然，我不得不问，‘他能坐吗？’因为他只有三个月大，”Tineke说。A. Actively积极地；B. Obviusly明显地；C. Eventually最终地；D. Typically典型地。根据下文“because he was nly three mnths ld”可知，Alex才三个月大，通常还不会坐，因此作为妈妈的Tineke显然得问这个问题。故选B。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但她很快就确定，Kenny使用了数字编辑软件，让它看起来像Alex宝宝独自坐起来，准备发射火箭进入太空。A. determined确定；B. ensured确保；C. imagined想象；D. perceived感知。根据下文“that Kenny used digital editing sftware t make it lk like baby Alix was sitting up all by himself, ready t rcket int space”可知，Tineke很快就确定了这张照片背后的真相。故选A。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Tineke随后把它拿给她所有的同事看，随之而来的集体赞赏产生了定期的需求。A. relatives亲戚；B. assciates同事；C. clients客户；D. neighbrs邻居。根据上文“Tineke Vanbbergen fund herself trn when it was time fr her t return t her jb”可知，Tineke回归工作，把照片拿给她的同事看。故选B。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Tineke随后把它拿给她所有的同事看，随之而来的集体赞赏产生了定期的需求。A. visit访问；B. prgram节目；C. demand需求；D. meeting会议。根据下文“S every Tuesday, Kenny wuld send a new pht ______ Alix in a digitally manipulated (修改过的；处理过的) seemingly wrrisme situatin.”可知，每周二Kenny都会发一张Alex的照片，因此是大家都很赞赏这张照片，从而产生了定期的需求。故选C。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以每周二，Kenny都会发一张新照片，照片上的Alex处于一个经过数码处理的、看似令人担忧的境地。A. featuring以……为特色；B. recalling回忆；C. reprting报告；D. testing测试。根据上文“a new pht”和下文“Alix in a digitally manipulated (修改过的；处理过的) seemingly wrrisme situatin”可推知，此处是介绍照片的内容，照片应该是以Alex处于看似令人担忧的境地为特色。故选A。
【33题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Kenny和孩子玩得很开心，还让他摆姿势拍了一些新奇的照片。A. nvel新颖的；B. superir优越的；C. elegant优雅的；D. thrilling令人激动的。根据上文“Alix in a digitally manipulated (修改过的；处理过的) seemingly wrrisme situatin”可知，照片经过数码处理，让Alex处于看似令人担忧的境地，因此是新奇的照片。故选A。
【34题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这位富有创造力的父亲正在纠正人们普遍认为父亲不能轻易照顾孩子的误解。A. respnsible负责的；B. curius好奇的；C. experienced有经验的；D. creative有创造力的。根据上文叙述的Kenny给Alex拍照，再用数字编辑软件制作有趣照片可知，他是富有创造力的父亲。故选D。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这位富有创造力的父亲正在纠正人们普遍认为父亲不能轻易照顾孩子的误解。A. debate辩论；B. misbelief误解；C. cnflict冲突；D. disadvantage不利。根据下文“fathers cannt take care f children easily”可知，Kenny纠正的是父亲不能轻易照顾孩子的误解。故选B。
第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Every Wednesday afternn, Le Duc, An, a Vietnamese, PhD student at Beijing University f Technlgy, practices calligraphy in the calligraphy grup.
The 33- year- ld ___36___ (study) Chinese calligraphy fr nearly three years. “___37___ (expse) t Vietnamese calligraphy when I was a child, I fund it was ne f the things that made the biggest impressin n me,” An says.,
When he came t Beijing in 2019 fr his PhD studies fcusing n the envirnment, he als spent time practicing Chinese calligraphy, cmmitting ___38___ (he) in earnest t the jurney f learning the art.
___39___ (initial), An says that he did nt understand the techniques in Chinese calligraphy, but with the help f Prfessr Liu Hngli, he gradually came t understand the meaning behind the characters and the techniques in calligraphy.
___40___ (gain) a deeper understanding f calligraphy, An has visited many ancient sites in Beijing, including the Cnfucius Temple and the Frbidden City. He has als participated ___41___ a number f calligraphy cmpetitins, bth at schl and internatinal events.
An says that places ___42___ he has seen treasured, scrlls f calligraphy have left a prfund impressin, and are ___43___ majr surce f inspiratin, “Calligraphy has becme a part f me,” An says. “Whenever I see Chinese calligraphy frm different ___44___ (dynasty), and n sculptures and at histrical sites, I find myself impressed by the ____45____ (vast) and depth f Chinese culture.”?
【答案】36. has been studying##has studied 37. Expsed 38. himself 39. Initially
40. T gain 41. in 42. where 43. a 44. dynasties 45. vastness
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了越南籍博士生Le Duc An学习中国书法的经历。
【36题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：这位33岁的女士学习中国书法已近3年。空处作句子的谓语，时间状语为fr nearly three years，动作从过去开始发生，可以用现在完成时表示动作持续到现在，也可以用现在完成进行时表示动作会继续进行下去，主语The 33-year-ld为单数，助动词用has。故填has been studying/has studied。
【37题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：“我小时候接触过越南书法，我发现它给我留下了最深刻的印象之一，”安说。be expsed t为固定短语，意为“接触……；暴露于……”，此处作状语，需用过去分词。首字母大写。故填Expsed。
【38题详解】
考查代词。句意：2019年，他来到北京攻读环境学博士学位，同时他也花时间练习中国书法，认真踏上了学习这门艺术的旅程。句子的主语和宾语一致，需用反身代词作宾语。故填himself。
【39题详解】
考查副词。句意：安说，起初他并不了解中国书法中的技巧，但在刘红利教授的帮助下，他逐渐理解了书法中文字背后的含义和技巧。空处作时间状语，initial的副词形式initially符合题意，意为“起初”，且空处位于句首，initially的首字母需大写。故填Initially。
【40题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：为了更深入地了解书法，安参观了许多北京的古迹，包括孔庙和紫禁城。句子主干成分完整，空处作目的状语，表示“为了……”，应用gain的不定式形式，且空处位于句首，t的首字母需大写。故填T gain。
【41题详解】
考查介词。句意：他还参加了许多书法比赛，既有校内的，也有国际性的。participate in为固定搭配，意为“参加”。故填in。
【42题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：安说，他见过的珍贵书法卷轴给他留下了深刻的印象，也是他灵感的主要来源。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词places，结合“he has seen treasured scrlls f calligraphy”可知，先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where作引导词。故填where。
【43题详解】
考查冠词。句意同上。空处表示泛指，意为“灵感的一个主要来源”，应用不定冠词，且majr的发音以辅音音素开头，应用a。故填a。
【44题详解】
考查名词。句意：“书法已经成为我生活的一部分，”安说。“每当我看到不同朝代的书法，以及雕塑和历史遗迹上的书法时，我都会被中国文化的博大精深所打动。” 空处作frm的宾语，结合“different(不同的)”可知，dynasty应用复数形式。故填dynasties。
【45题详解】
考查名词。句意同上。空处和depth并列，作宾语，需用名词vastness，表抽象概念，不可数。故填vastness。
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 （满分15分）
46. 假定你是李华，请以“Be Energy- smart”为主题写一篇倡议书，谈一谈在日常生活中如何节电的做法（至少两点）。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Be Energy-Smart
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
Be Energy-Smart
As we knw, we are currently experiencing an energy crisis and saving electricity shuld becme a way f life.
Being energy smart means ding the same with less-using electricity mre efficiently r in reduced amunts. First f all, cnsider installing energy-efficient equipment and appliances. Mre imprtantly, develp smart energy habits. Turn dwn the air-cnditiner t a reasnable temperature, which can reduce yur electricity bill by 5%. Als, turn ff the lights in empty rms and hang clthes ut t dry etc.
All f these can matter a lt. Let’s take actin right nw. Thank yu.
第二节：（满分25分）
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
“This Saturday, we’ll be visiting cats at the animal shelter. If yu’d like t jin us, here’s an applicatin frm”, said Ms. Delgad, the schl librarian wh had held the reading engagement event fr students.
Ben lved cats and he had always wanted ne, s he hurried t take an applicatin frm. Then Ms. Delgad added, “We’ll be reading t the cats and award readers wh make mst prgress.” Ben stpped. Reading al ud can be a challenging task. Ben might feel his heart racing, his palms sweating, and his vice shaking as he read. He might stumble ver wrds r lse his place in the text. He might feel like everyne was watching him and judging him. Still, he really wanted t visit the cats, s he tk an applicatin frm anyway.
On Saturday, Ben arrived at the shelter with sme f his classmates. “This is Max,” the shelter wrker tld Ben as she handed him a gray cat. Ben carried Max t a beanbag chair and sat dwn. Max settled nt his lap. He tk a bk he’d been wrking n and started reading. Max, very different frm ther cats walking arund the rm while the kids read, purred (发出呼噜声) n his lap as if he had understd what Ben read.
“I’m glad Max is staying and listening t my reading and he is the best cat ever,” Ben tld Dad excitedly. “I’m glad yu tw are friends,” Dad said. All week, Ben’s heart was filled with anxiety as he waited fr Saturday t arrive. He was eager t read t Max and the anticipatin f spending time with his feline (猫咪的) friend made him restless and nervus. When it arrived, Ben gt t read t Max again.
“What if smene adpts Max?” Ben asked Dad later. “I guess yu’d read t a different cat,” Dad said. “But I dn’t want a different cat. I wish we culd adpt Max,” Ben said t Dad. He knew they culdn’t because Mm had allergies (过敏). Ben lved the cat s much that he even tld his next-dr neighbr, Mrs. Patel, abut Max. “Max sunds like a special cat,” said Mrs. Patel.
注意：
1.续写词数应为 150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Week by week, Ben realized that reading seemed easier with Max’s cmpany.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
But n Saturday, Ben culdn’t find Max at the shelter.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
Week by week, Ben realized that reading seemed easier with Max’s cmpany. The presence f the gray cat made him feel mre relaxed and cmfrtable. He nticed that Max’s purring had a calming effect n him, allwing him t fcus better n the wrds in frnt f him. Ben was amazed by hw much he enjyed reading alud t Max. Still, he was surprised when Ms. Delgad gave him the Mst Imprved Reader award. Ben felt a sense f pride and accmplishment as he held the certificate in his hands. He culdn’t wait t shw it t Max.
But n Saturday, Ben culdn’t find Max at the shelter. He lked arund the rm, hping t catch a glimpse f his feline friend. Hwever, Max was nwhere t be fund. Ben’s heart sank as he realized that smene might have adpted Max. Just then, Mrs. Patel walked int the visitrs’ rm, carrying Max. “I’m adpting him,” Mrs. Patel said. “Yu can cme ver every day t read t him.” Hearing what Mrs. Patel said, Ben jumped with excitement and threw his arms arund Mrs. Patel. Of curse, he didn’t frget t hug Max tightly wh gave a cntented purr.