人教版（2024）八年级上册英语：Unit 1 Happy Holiday 语法知识点 讲义

这是一份人教版（2024）八年级上册英语：Unit 1 Happy Holiday 语法知识点 讲义，共18页。
人教版（2024）八年级上册英语：Unit 1 Happy Holiday 语法知识点 讲义一、重点词汇​（一）假期活动类​visit /ˈvɪzɪt/v. 参观；拜访 visit ancient buildings 参观古老建筑​camp /kæmp/n. 度假营；营地 v. 露营；宿营 go camping 去露营 ；at the camp 在营地​hike /haɪk/v. 徒步旅行 go hiking 去徒步旅行​see the sunrise 看日出​go to a festival 参加节日活动​go to a summer camp 去夏令营​try /traɪ/v. 尝试；努力 try local food 尝试当地食物​（二）地点与方位类​ancient /ˈeɪnʃənt/adj. 古代的；古老的 an ancient town 古镇​palace /ˈpæləs/n. 宫殿 the Summer Palace 颐和园​tower /ˈtaʊə(r)/n. 塔；塔楼 the Eiffel Tower 埃菲尔铁塔​countryside /ˈkʌntrisaɪd/n. 乡村 in the countryside 在乡村​forest /ˈfɒrɪst/n. 森林 in the forest 在森林里​scenery /ˈsiːnəri/n. 风景；景色 natural scenery 自然风景​square /skweə(r)/n. 广场 Red Square 红场​garden /ˈɡɑːdn/n. 花园 Alexander Garden 亚历山大花园​（三）其他重点词汇​wonderful /ˈwʌndəfl/adj. 精彩的；绝妙的​terrible /ˈterəbl/adj. 糟糕的；可怕的​relaxing /rɪˈlæksɪŋ/adj. 令人放松的​amazing /əˈmeɪzɪŋ/adj. 令人大为惊奇的​excellent /ˈeksələnt/adj. 优秀的；极好的​fresh /freʃ/adj. 新鲜的；清新的​comfortable /ˈkʌmftəbl/adj. 使人舒服的；舒适的​ready /ˈredi/adj. 准备好的；现成的 be ready to do sth. 准备好做某事​somewhere /ˈsʌmweə(r)/adv. 在某处；到某处 go somewhere interesting 去有趣的地方​anywhere /ˈeniweə(r)/adv. 在任何地方；到任何地方（用于否定句和疑问句）​nowhere /ˈnəʊweə(r)/adv. 无处；哪里都不​everyone /ˈevriwʌn/pron. 每人；人人​someone /ˈsʌmwʌn/pron. 某人（用于肯定句）​anyone /ˈeniwʌn/pron. 任何人（用于否定句和疑问句）​something /ˈsʌmθɪŋ/pron. 某事；某物（用于肯定句）​anything /ˈeniθɪŋ/pron. 任何事物（用于否定句和疑问句）​nothing /ˈnʌθɪŋ/pron. 没有什么；没有一件东西​bored /bɔːd/adj. 厌倦的；烦闷的 get bored 变得无聊​stand up 站起；起立​towards /təˈwɔːdz/prep. 向；朝​rainbow /ˈreɪnbəʊ/n. 虹；彩虹​forget /fəˈɡet/v. 忘记 forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事 ；forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事​remember /rɪˈmembə(r)/v. 记得；想起 remember to do sth. 记得去做某事 ；remember doing sth. 记得做过某事​decide /dɪˈsaɪd/v. 决定 decide to do sth. 决定做某事​experience /ɪkˈspɪəriəns/n. 经历；体验 v. 经历；体验 an unforgettable experience 一次难忘的经历​二、重点短语​go on vacation 去度假​stay at home 待在家里​visit grandparents 看望祖父母​take photos 拍照​walk around 四处走走​because of 因为（后接名词、代词或动名词）​feel like 感觉像；想要 feel like doing sth. 想要做某事 ；feel like + 从句 感觉好像……​have nothing to do 无事可做​go shopping 去购物​in the end 最后​get together 相聚​thousands of 数以千计的；成千上万的​remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人某事​fight against 与…… 作战 / 斗争​be ready for 为…… 做好准备​三、重点句型​Where did you go on vacation? 你去哪里度假了？​回答：I went to + 地点。例如：—Where did you go on vacation? 你去哪里度假了？​—I went to the mountains. 我去爬山了。​Did you go anywhere interesting? 你去了有趣的地方吗？​肯定回答：(Yes), I went to...​否定回答：(No), I didn’t go anywhere interesting.​注意：形容词修饰不定副词要后置，如 anywhere interesting, somewhere special 等。​How was your vacation? 你的假期怎么样？​回答：It was great/wonderful/excellent/terrible... 例如：—How was your vacation? 你的假期怎么样？​—It was wonderful. 很棒。​Whom did you go with? 你和谁一起去的？​回答：I went with my family/friends... 例如：—Whom did you go with? 你和谁一起去的？​—I went with my parents. 我和我父母一起去的。​I bought something special for my mother. 我给我妈妈买了些特别的东西。​buy sth. for sb. = buy sb. sth. 为某人买某物​形容词修饰不定代词要后置，如 something special, anything interesting 等。​I felt like I was a bird. 我感觉我像一只鸟。​feel like + 从句 感觉好像……​There was nothing much to do but read. 除了读书没什么可做的。​nothing much to do 没什么可做的事，but + 动词原形（前有实义动词 do 时）。例如：He had nothing to do but sleep. 他除了睡觉无事可做。​四、语法重点​（一）不定代词与不定副词​不定代词：someone（某人，用于肯定句）, anyone（任何人，用于否定句或疑问句）, everyone（每人，人人）, something（某事，用于肯定句）, anything（任何事物，用于否定句或疑问句）, nothing（没有什么）​用法：​someone/something 用于肯定句，anyone/anything 用于否定句或疑问句，nothing 表示 “没有什么”。​形容词修饰不定代词时需后置，如 something special（特别的东西）, anything interesting（有趣的事物）。​例句：​Did you meet anyone interesting on the trip? （疑问句中用 anyone）你在旅行中遇到有趣的人了吗？​I bought nothing but a few postcards. 我只买了几张明信片。（nothing 表示否定）​不定副词：somewhere（在某处，到某处，用于肯定句）, anywhere（在任何地方，到任何地方，用于否定句和疑问句）, nowhere（无处，哪里都不）​用法：​somewhere 用于肯定句，anywhere 用于否定句和疑问句。​形容词修饰不定副词时需后置，如 somewhere quiet（安静的地方）, anywhere interesting（有趣的地方）。​例句：​I want to go somewhere quiet for my holiday. 我想去个安静的地方度假。（肯定句用 somewhere）​Did you go anywhere interesting last weekend? 你上周末去有趣的地方了吗？（疑问句用 anywhere）​（二）一般过去时​定义：一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。​标志词：yesterday（昨天）, last week/month/year（上周 / 上个月 / 去年）, ago（…… 以前）, in 2024（在 2024 年）, just now（刚才）, the other day（前几天）, during the holiday（在假期期间）等。​动词过去式变化规则：​一般情况：在动词原形后直接加 -ed，如 work - worked，play - played。​以不发音的 e 结尾的动词：直接加 -d，如 live - lived，like - liked。​以辅音字母 + y 结尾的动词：变 y 为 i，再加 -ed，如 study - studied，carry - carried。​以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词：双写末尾的辅音字母，再加 -ed，如 stop - stopped，shop - shopped。​不规则动词：有特殊的过去式形式，需要特殊记忆，如 go - went，do - did，have - had，see - saw 等。​一般过去时的句式结构：​肯定句：主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他。例如：I visited my grandparents last weekend. 我上周末看望了我的祖父母。​否定句：主语 + didn’t + 动词原形 + 其他。例如：I didn’t go to school yesterday. 我昨天没去上学。​一般疑问句：Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？肯定回答：Yes, 主语 + did. 否定回答：No, 主语 + didn’t. 例如：—Did you go to the park yesterday? 你昨天去公园了吗？​—Yes, I did. / No, I didn’t. 是的，我去了。/ 不，我没去。​特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？例如：What did you do last night? 你昨晚做什么了？人教版 (2024) 八上 Unit 1 Happy Holiday 单元测试卷一、词汇运用（共 10 小题，每小题 1 分，满分 10 分）A. 根据首字母或汉语提示完成单词。1.He walked t________ the first taxi on the rank.2.The most _________ (古老的) parts of the continental crust are 4000 million years old.3.These new shoes are not very c___________, I want to change another.4.There are lots of beautiful __________ (围巾) in this shop.5.Unemployment is quite high, e__________ among young people.B. 用所给词的适当形式填空。1.We had to stop for __________ (breathe) before we got to the top.2.I don’t know him -- he’s a perfect _________ (strange).3.Let’s go ___________ (anywhere) a little less public.4.There were several young people sitting around looking _________ (boring).5.I wanted to go ________ (camp), but my parents had no time to go with me.二、单项选择（共 10 小题，每小题 1 分，满分 10 分）( )1. I am ready _______ you with your homework.A.help B. helping C. to help D. to helping( )2. My mother often spends one hour _______ the dinner.A.cook B. cooking C. to cook D. on cooking( )3. -- ________ was your summer holiday-- __________.A.How; Sounds great B. How; It’s greatC. What; Sounds great D. What; It’s great( )4. -- Who is in the classroom-- _________.A.None B. Nothing C. Not one D. No one( )5. -- Hi, Mary. _________ beautiful day!-- Yes, it is.A.How B. What a C. What D. How a( )6. The cake _______ delicious, can I try another oneA.feels B. sounds C. smells D. tastes( )7. Not Tom but his parents ________ to go fishing tomorrow.A.wants B. want C. is wanting D. are wanting( )8. I have a lot of homework ________ tonight, please don’t bother me.A.do B. to do C. doing D. did( )9. The camera is _______ expensive _______ I can’t afford it.A.so; that B. such; that C. so; as to D. enough; that( )10. The little boy swam ______ the river to get to the other side.A.along B. over C. through D. across三、完形填空（共 10 小题，每小题 1 分，满分 10 分）阅读下面短文，从各小题所给的四个选项中，选出一个最佳答案。Thursday, April 24thWe got to the clean, lovely city of Yangzhou early in the morning. This is our first trip to China. All the different smells attract our attention to the local food. We are going to try something special for dinner tonight. The hotel we are staying in is not expensive but very clean. We plan to stay here for a few days, visit some places in the city, and then travel to the Great Wall in the north.Sunday, April 27thWe visited the famous Slender West Lake (瘦西湖) which was crowded with visitors from all over the world, and bought a lot of toys for our friends outside the gate of the park. Everything is so colorful, and we have taken hundreds of photos already! Later today we will leave for the Great Wall. We will take the night train north, stay in Beijing for two days, and then catch a bus to the Great Wall.Wednesday, April 30thOur trip to the Great Wall was long and boring. We visited a small village in the mountains. People in the village love the quiet life. They are the kindest people I had ever met. They always smile and say “Hello”. Ralph and I can speak only a few words in Chinese, so smiling is the best way to show our kindness.( ) 1. From the passage we can see that the writer had a ______ stay in Yangzhou.A.four-day B. five-day C. six-day D. seven-day( ) 2. The writer didn’t ______ in Yangzhou.A.taste delicious food B. visit places of interestC. buy some toys D. climb mountains( ) 3. The writer left Beijing for the Great Wall ______.A.by train B. by car C. by bus D. on foot( ) 4. Which of the following is NOT trueA. The writer left Yangzhou for Beijing by train at night.B. It took them a long time to get to the Great Wall from Beijing.C. People in the village live a quiet but happy life.D. The writer was travelling alone but happily.( ) 5. What is the best title for the passageA.My First Visit to Yangzhou B. My Travelling in ChinaC. Delicious Food and Beautiful Places D. A Trip to the Great Wall四、阅读理解（共 10 小题，每小题 2 分，满分 20 分）（A）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容判断句子的正误。正确的涂 “A”，错误的涂 “B”。Wendy Sherlock is interested in mountain climbing. She started climbing mountains with her father at the age of seven, and fell three times without any injuries (伤害). But after her latest accident (事故) last Saturday, she was lucky to be alive.Wendy stayed in the hospital for two days after an eight meter fall from a rock in the National Park. She doesn't remember much about the accident.“I got quite a serious head injury—that's the worst thing，” Wendy said. “And I also broke my arms and there was a problem with my left leg.” She didn't know how long she would have to stay in the hospital, as the doctors haven't told her yet. “Maybe I'll be here for a long time because I hit my head when I fell on the ground. That's why I can't remember much about the accident，” she said. Wendy's doctors advised her to give up climbing mountains. However, Wendy said she wouldn't. “I enjoy climbing mountains, and I will go on doing it，” she said. “I will be more careful in the future. I can't wait to start climbing again.”( ) 1. Wendy started climbing mountains at the age of seven.( ) 2. Wendy was seriously hurt in the accident last Sunday.( ) 3. Wendy broke her arms and legs in the accident.( ) 4. Wendy's doctors asked her to give up climbing mountains.( ) 5. Wendy will stop climbing mountains from then on.（B）阅读下面短文，从各小题所给的四个选项中，选出一个最佳答案。Last summer, I went to Yunnan on vacation with my family. We spent four days there.Our first stop was Lugu Lake. I was surprised there was so beautiful a lake in the world. I enjoyed staying there. We went boating and took quite a few photos. Then we went up to a hill and saw something beautiful. I felt like I was in a painting.The next morning, we went to Lijiang by bus and arrived in the afternoon. After a short break we went to walk around the town and bought some gifts. Then we had the famous Yunnan rice noodles for dinner. They were delicious. After dinner, we took a walk and enjoyed the old streets and buildings under the moon. The summer evening was cool.Our third stop was Kunming. We went to the flower market. We had a really wonderful day.The four day trip came to an end soon. We had to go home. Everything in Yunnan was great. It was a very beautiful and amazing place.( ) 6. How long did the writer stay in YunnanA.Three days. B. Four days. C. Five days. D. Six days.( ) 7. Where did the writer go firstA.Lijiang. B. Lugu Lake. C. Kunming. D. The flower market.( ) 8. What did the writer think of Lugu LakeA.It was beautiful. B. It was boring.C. It was crowded. D. It was dirty.( ) 9. What did the writer have for dinner in LijiangA.Rice. B. Dumplings. C. Noodles. D. Bread.( ) 10. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passageA. The writer went to Yunnan alone.B. The writer took many photos in Lijiang.C. The writer didn't like Yunnan rice noodles.D. The writer had a great time in Yunnan.五、语篇填空（共 10 小题，每小题 1 分，满分 10 分）阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯。Last summer, I went to Yunnan on vacation with 1. ________ (I) family. We spent four days there.Our first stop was Lugu Lake. I was 2. ________ (surprise) there was so beautiful a lake in the world. I enjoyed 3. ________ (stay) there. We went boating and took quite a few 4. ________ (photo). Then we went up to a hill and saw something beautiful. I 5. ________ (feel) like I was in a painting.The next morning, we went to Lijiang by bus 6. ________ arrived in the afternoon. After a short break we went to walk around the town and bought some gifts. Then we had the famous Yunnan rice noodles 7. ________ dinner. They were delicious. After dinner, we took 8. ________ walk and enjoyed the old streets and buildings under the moon. The summer evening was cool.Our third stop was Kunming. We went to the flower market. We had a 9. ________ (real) wonderful day.The four day trip came to an end soon. We had to go home. Everything in Yunnan was great. It 10. ________ (be) a very beautiful and amazing place.六、阅读与表达（共 4 小题，41～43 小题，每小题 2 分，44 小题 4 分；满分 10 分）阅读短文，然后根据内容回答问题。Wendy Sherlock is interested in mountain climbing. She started climbing mountains with her father at the age of seven, and fell three times without any injuries (伤害). But after her latest accident (事故) last Saturday, she was lucky to be alive.Wendy stayed in the hospital for two days after an eight meter fall from a rock in the National Park. She doesn't remember much about the accident.“I got quite a serious head injury—that's the worst thing，” Wendy said. “And I also broke my arms and there was a problem with my left leg.” She didn't know how long she would have to stay in the hospital, as the doctors haven't told her yet. “Maybe I'll be here for a long time because I hit my head when I fell on the ground. That's why I can't remember much about the accident，” she said. Wendy's doctors advised her to give up climbing mountains. However, Wendy said she wouldn't. “I enjoy climbing mountains, and I will go on doing it，” she said. “I will be more careful in the future. I can't wait to start climbing again.”When did Wendy start climbing mountainsWhat did Wendy's doctors advise her to doWhy can't Wendy remember much about the accidentDo you think Wendy should give up climbing mountains Why or why not七、书面表达（满分 10 分）你的英国笔友 Tom 想了解你上个假期的情况，请你根据以下要点提示，给他写一封电子邮件，介绍你上个假期的经历。要点提示：去了哪里；和谁一起去的；做了什么；感受如何。要求：包含所有要点，可适当发挥；80 词左右。电子邮件的格式已给出，不计入总词数。Dear Tom,How's it going I'm writing to tell you about my last vacation.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________I'm looking forward to hearing from you.Best wishes!Yours,[Your Name]