专题01 语法填空（上海名校优选试题）15篇（上海专用）-【好题汇编】备战2024-2025学年高一英语下学期期末真题分类汇编.zip

这是一份专题01 语法填空（上海名校优选试题）15篇（上海专用）-【好题汇编】备战2024-2025学年高一英语下学期期末真题分类汇编.zip，文件包含专题01语法填空上海名校优选试题15篇原卷版docx、专题01语法填空上海名校优选试题15篇解析版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共43页， 欢迎下载使用。

(23-24高一下·上海交大附中·期末)
Directins: After reading the passage belw, fill in the blanks t make the passage cherent and grammatically crrect. Fr the blanks with a given wrd, fill in each blank with the prper frm f the given wrd; fr the ther blanks, use ne wrd that best fits each blank.
Hearing frm successful peple wh had n clue at age 19 where they’d actually end up 1 (prve) reassuring t sphmre Emily Frd this weekend. Frd was amng the 100secnd-year students wh attended the kickff fr “Sphmre Spark,” a QuadEx prgram designed 2 (meet) the persnal, prfessinal and intellectual needs f sphmres.
The Sphmre Spark Summit, 3 pilt launch event held Saturday afternn at the Rubenstein Arts Center, included engaging keynte speakers, cnversatins with alumni, and interactive sessins n managing stress and cnnecting with the creative, right-side f the brain.
Sphmre Spark c-chairs, Greg Victry, assistant vice president and Fannie Mitchell executive directr f the career center, and Jenny Wd Crwley, assistant vice prvst fr intellectual cmmunity in the Office f Undergraduate Educatin, said sphmre year 4 be an exceptinally challenging and grwth-filled time, when students wrestle with ways that purpse and value intersect (交叉) with academic and career jurneys.
“We want them t see they have the skills, resurces and mentrs already here.” Victry said. “And t let them knw they dn’t have t have it all 5 (figure ut) right away.”
Wd Crwley shared a ne-n-ne cnversatin with Rishab Jagetia, a sphmre wh cares abut envirnmentalism and ecnmic justice. He asked her t help him generate mre serius student engagement with thse scietal issues 6 the classrm s that students culd break the bundaries f textbks and lectures t explre mre abut ptential careers.
“I explained that prgrams like Sphmre Spark will be an integral part f the QuadEx experience 7 it fully launches this fall,” Wd Crwley said. “Building cmmunity, highlighting resurces, and prviding meaningful cnnectins between students and faculty, 8 the Spark Summit did, are essential cmpnents f the new residential living and learning mdel.”
Frd said she particularly enjyed the keynte talk abut “unleashing ne’s superpwers” and the nnlinear career path f speaker Sanyin Siang, Pratt ‘96 MBA’02. “One f the reasns I came was t hear peple’s stries,” Frd tld Siang in a breakut imprve sessin they bth attended. “I’d been feeling lst. Since freshman year, I thught I wanted t d premed (医科大学预科). Nw I’ve started taking 9 (much) f a variety f classes that are nt STEM, I’ve been feeling s much better. Cming tday was a really gd decisin.”
The Sphmre Spark Summit 10 (make) pssible by the generus supprt f Stacey and Dan Levitan.
【答案】
1．prved 2．t meet 3．a 4．can 5．figured ut 6．beynd/utside 7．when/after 8．which 9．mre 10．was made
【导语】本文的体裁属于新闻报道。文章详细介绍了某大学针对二年级学生开展的“Sphmre Spark”项目的情况，包括项目的目的、活动内容、参与者反馈以及项目得到的支持等信息。
1．考查动词时态。句意：这个周末，从那些在19岁时不知道自己最终会走向何方的成功人士那里听到的消息，让大二学生Emily Frd感到放心。本空为句子谓语，根据this weekend可知，本句描述过去的动作，故时态用一般过去时，谓语用prve“被发现是，最终显现为”的过去式。故填prved。
2．考查非谓语动词。句意：Frd是参加“Sphmre Spark”启动仪式的100名二年级学生之一，这是QuadEx的一个项目，旨在满足高二学生的个人、专业和智力需求。本句系动词为was，此处为非谓语动词，此处designed后面需接meet“满足”的不定式，作目的状语。故填t meet。
3．考查冠词。句意：周六下午在Rubenstein Arts Center举行的“Sphmre Spark Summit”一个试点启动活动，包括吸引人的主题演讲、与校友的对话以及关于管理压力和激发大脑创造性右侧的互动环节。此处泛指“一个试点启动活动”，且pilt以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。故填a。
4．考查情态动词。句意：Sphmre Spark的联合主席、职业中心助理副总裁格Greg Victry和执行主任Fannie Mitchell，以及本科教育办公室负责智力社区的助理副教务长Jenny Wd Crwley表示，大二可能是一段极具挑战性和充满成长的时期，学生们在学术和职业生涯中努力寻找目标和价值的交叉点。此处表示客观可能性，应用情态动词can。故填can。
5．考查非谓语动词。句意：让他们知道，他们不必马上把所有事情都弄清楚。have sth. dne“使得某物被做”结构中，sth.与dne之间是被动关系，此处figure ut“解决，弄清楚”与逻辑主语it为被动关系，用过去分词，作宾补。故填figured ut。
6．考查介词。句意：他请求她帮助他增进学生对这些社会问题在课堂之外的认真参与，以便学生们能够打破课本和讲座的界限，探索更多潜在的职业道路。表示“在课堂之外”，用beynd/utside the classrm。故填beynd或utside。
7．考查时间状语从句。句意：Wd Crwley说：“我解释说，像‘Sphmre Spark’这样的项目将在今年秋天全面启动后成为QuadEx体验中不可或缺的一部分。”本空引导时间状语从句，用when“当……时候”引导或者after表示“……之后”。故填when/after。
8．考查非限制性定语从句。句意：建立社区，突出资源，并在学生和教师之间提供有意义的联系，这些都是Spark Summit所做的，是新住宅生活和学习模式的重要组成部分。本空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Building cmmunity, highlighting resurces, and prviding meaningful cnnectins between students and faculty，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作did的宾语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
9．考查形容词比较级。句意：现在我开始上更多非STEM的课程，感觉好多了。此处表示与之前相比，现在上课的种类更加多样，应用形容词比较级mre“更多”。故填mre。
10．考查动词语态。句意：Sphmre Spark峰会得到了Stacey和Dan Levitan的慷慨支持才得以实现。此处缺乏谓语动词，描述过去的事实，句子时态用一般过去时，且主语The Sphmre Spark Summit与make“使得”之间为被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为第三人称单数，be动词用was。故填was made。
(23-24高一下·上海华一附中·期末)
Feeling depressed r lnely can age us faster than smking, researchers say
Feeling unhappy, depressed r lnely culd speed up the ageing prcesses mre than smking r even certain diseases, researchers have suggested. While everyne has an age based n their date f birth - “chrnlgical age”, they als have 1 is knwn as a “bilgical age”, based n the ageing f the bdy’s functins, influenced by genetics, lifestyle and ther factrs. Studies have previusly suggested the higher the bilgical age, the higher the risk f varius diseases, and the risk f death.
Nw researchers say they have created a digital mdel f ageing, 2 (reveal) the imprtance f psychlgical health. “Yur bdy and sul are cnnected, 3 is ur main message,” said Fedr Galkin, a c-authr f the study and lead scientist at the Hng Kng startup Deep Lngevity.
“We demnstrate that psychlgical factrs, such as feeling unhappy r being lnely, add up t 1.65 years t ne’s bilgical age,” they write. While Galkin said the figure is an estimate, nt least as the mdel assumes that different feelings like hpelessness r fearfulness are independent f each ther, the study highlights that 4 fast we age is significantly assciated with ur psychlgical state.
“Taking care f yur psychlgical health is the greatest cntributr that yu can have t 5 (slw) dwn yur pace f ageing,” he said. The team als reprt that peple wh smke 6 (predict) t be 15 mnths lder than their nn-smking peers while living in urban areas reduces bilgical age 7 five mnths. Similarly, 8 (marry) takes abut seven mnths ff ne’s bilgical age.
But, he said, it is unlikely islatin and lneliness are truly wrse risk factrs fr health than smking, while the study nly lked at the data that 9 (cllect) at ne pint in time. “The researchers did nt fllw up participants t shw that thse with psychlgical distress actually aged mre rapidly,” he said. “It will be imprtant in the future 10 （test）whether these predictins can be fulfilled by repeating testing ver a number f years.”
【答案】
1．what 2．revealing 3．which 4．hw 5．slwing 6．are predicted 7．by 8．being married 9．had been cllected 10．t test
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。研究表明孤独抑郁比吸烟更容易让人衰老。
1．考查连接词。句意：虽然每个人都有一个基于出生日期的年龄——“实足年龄”，但他们也有一个所谓的“生物年龄”，基于身体功能的衰老，受遗传、生活方式和其他因素的影响。have后接宾语从句，从句缺少主语，连接词为what。故填what。
2．考查非谓语。句意：现在，研究人员表示，他们已经创建了一个衰老的数字模型，揭示了心理健康的重要性。空处为非谓语动词，与上文为主动关系，用现在分词作状语。故填revealing。
3．考查定语从句。句意：你的身体和灵魂是相连的，这是我们的主要信息。空处为非限制性定语从句，指代前面的整个句子做主语，关系代词为which。故填which。
4．考查连接词。句意：虽然加尔金说这个数字只是一个估计，尤其是因为该模型假设绝望或恐惧等不同的感觉是相互独立的，但该研究强调，我们衰老的速度与我们的心理状态有很大关系。空处为主语从句，表示“多么”用hw来引导。构成hw+副词+主语+谓语。故填hw。
5．考查动名词。句意：他说:“照顾好自己的心理健康是减缓衰老速度的最大因素。t表示“对于”为介词，后接动名词作宾语。故填slwing。
6．考查时态语态。句意：研究小组还报告说，吸烟的人预计会比不吸烟的同龄人老15个月，而生活在城市地区的人会比不吸烟的同龄人少5个月的生理年龄。本句在陈述事实，为一般现在时，主语peple与谓语predict为被动关系，用一般现在时的被动语态。故填are predicted。
7．考查介词。句意：研究小组还报告说，吸烟的人预计会比不吸烟的同龄人老15个月，而生活在城市地区的人会比不吸烟的同龄人少5个月的生理年龄。表示“减少了”，用短语reduce…by。故填by。
8．考查动名词。句意：同样，结婚会使一个人的生理年龄减少七个月。结婚为be marry，本句为动名词作主语。故填being married。
9．考查时态语态。句意：但是，他说，孤立和孤独不太可能真的是比吸烟更严重的健康风险因素，而这项研究只研究了在某个时间点收集的数据。Cllect发生的动词发生在lked之前，表示过去的过去，且主语data与cllect为被动关系，所以本句为过去完成时的被动语态。故填had been cllected。
10．考查不定式。句意：在未来，通过多年的重复测试来测试这些预测是否能够实现将是很重要的。动词不定式作真正的主语，it作形式主语。故填t test。
(23-24高一下·上海师大闵行附中·期末)
Directins: After reading the passage belw, fill in the blanks t make the passage cherent and grammatically crrect. Fr the blanks with a given wrd, fill in each blank with the prper frm f the given wrd; fr the ther blanks, use ne wrd that best fits each blank.
Why wuld smene decide t stp eating? We knw that the bdy needs fd in rder t functin well. Hwever, many peple fast at sme time during their lives. Why is this?
Sme peple fast fr plitical reasns. In the early 20th century, wmen in England and the United States 1 (nt allw) t vte. In prtest, many wmen went n fasts. They hped that fasting 2 (bring) attentin t this injustice. Mhandas Gandhi, the famus Indian leader, fasted 17 times during his life. Fr Gandhi, fasting was a pwerful plitical tl. In 1943, he fasted t bring attentin t his cuntry’s need fr independence. Fr 21 days, he went withut fd. Anther famus faster was Cesar Chavez. In the 1960s, he fasted fr three weeks. Why? His gal was 3 (aruse) peple’s awareness f the terrible wrking cnditins f farm wrkers in the United States.
Fasting is als a spiritual practice in many religins. Every year during the mnth f Ramadan, 4 is a religius hliday, Muslims fast frm sunrise t sunset. Many Hindus fast n special ccasins, as d sme Christians and Buddhists.
Of curse, nt everyne fasts fr plitical r religius reasns. Sme peple ccasinally fast just 5 it makes them feel better. The American writer Mark Twain thught fasting was the best medicine fr cmmn illnesses. 6 he had a cld r a fever, he stpped eating cmpletely. He said that this always made his cld r fever g away. Anther American writer, Uptn Sinclair, discvered 7 fasting brught abut after years f vereating, indigestin, and headaches. His first fast last fr 12 days. During this time, his headaches and stmachaches went away. Sinclair said that fasting als made him 8 (alert) and energetic.
Despite the advantages, chsing t g 9 fd can be very dangerus. Hwever, that desn’t stp peple frm 10 (fast) fr plitical, religius, r health reasns.
【答案】
1．weren’t allwed 2．wuld bring 3．t aruse 4．which 5．because 6．Whenever 7．what 8．mre alert 9．withut 10．fasting
【导语】本文的体裁是说明文，文章主要介绍了人们选择禁食的原因。
1．考查被动语态。句意：在 20 世纪初，英国和美国的女性不被允许投票。主语wmen与动词allw之间是被动关系，且根据时间状语in the early 20th century，要用一般过去时的被动语态，故填weren’t allwed。
2．考查过去将来时。句意：她们希望禁食会引起对这种不公正的关注。主句hped是一般过去时，宾语从句要用过去将来时，故填wuld bring。
3．考查非谓语动词。句意：他的目标是唤起人们对美国农场工人恶劣工作条件的认识。空白处在句子中做表语表示主语的目的，用动词不定式，故填t aruse。
4．考查定语从句。句意：每年在斋月期间，这是一个宗教节日，穆斯林从日出到日落禁食。这是一个包含定语从句的复合句，先行词是Ramadan，在定语从句中作主语，且逗号前是非限制性定语从句，不能用that，故填which。
5．考查连词。句意：有些人偶尔禁食只是因为这让他们感觉更好。根据下文“it makes them feel better (这让他们感觉更好)”可知前后句是因果关系，故填because。
6．考查连词。句意：每当他感冒或发烧时，他就完全停止进食。根据空白处下文“he had a cld r a fever(他感冒或发烧)”可知，这是一个包含时间状语从句的复合句，whenever 表示“无论何时；每当”，引导时间状语从句，故填Whenever。
7．考查宾语从句。句意：另一位美国作家厄普顿·辛克莱在多年暴饮暴食、消化不良和头痛之后发现了禁食带来的影响。discvered后接宾语从句，且从句中缺少宾语，故填what。
8．考查形容词的比较级。句意：辛克莱说，禁食也让他更警觉、更有活力。根据上文“His first fast last fr 12 days. During this time, his headaches and stmachaches went away.(他的禁食持续了12天。在此期间，他的头疼和肚子痛消失了)”可知，此处将禁食前后进行比较，应使用形容词的比较级，故填mre alert。
9．考查介词。句意：尽管有这些好处，但选择不吃东西可能非常危险。根据上文“His first fast last fr 12 days (他的禁食持续了12天)”可知此处说的是禁食，g withut为固定短语，表示“没有……也行；忍受没有……”，故填withut。
10．考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，这并没有阻止人们出于政治、宗教或健康原因禁食。stp sb. frm ding sth为固定短语，表示“阻止某人做某事”，frm是介词，后接动名词，故填fasting。
(23-24高一下·上海复旦附中·期末)
Directins: After reading the passage belw, fill in the blanks t make the passage cherent and grammatically crrect. Fr the blanks with a given wrd, fill in each blank with the prper frm f the given wrd; fr the ther blanks, use ne wrd that best fit s each blank.
Mdifying Yur Memries
It has always been thught that the purpse f ur memry is t file away and later allw us t recall everything that happens in ur lives, like a 1 (recrd) device. When we recall a memry, we g int the brain library, take ut a file, lk at it and then put it back 2 it was. The files may get a little dust y ver the years, but they are always there and they never change.
Hwever, new research shws this understanding f memry is nt that accurate. What memry is 3 (redefine). T start with, there is n central memry bank; elements f memries are stred separately 4 each ther s that things related t a particular memry — the smells, sunds, emtins, physical tuch, pictures, etc. — are held in different areas f the brain, and it is nly in the act f recalling that they are all brught tgether. 5 researchers hld t be true nw is that every time we recall a memry, aspects f that memry can change slightly. This means memries are 6 (flexible) than previusly thught. The parallel wuld be mre like bringing up a file n the cmputer, mdifying and then saving 7 again.
This understanding has been crucial in enabling scientists t erase and replace memries in quite innvative ways. On a psitive nte, this is paving the way fr new treatments f disrders, like depressin and alchl addictin. In a recent study, a muse is put int a ttally new, empty envirnment 8 depresses it and leads it t refuse t mve. A switch n a laser machine intrduces a previusly happy memry t the muse and it runs arund 9 (satisfy), shwing relaxed, nrmal behavir. Science fictin? N, nt at all. It’s happening here and nw. The impssible is becming pssible 10 (fulfill).
【答案】
1．recrding 2．where 3．has been redefined 4．frm
1．What 2．mre flexible 3．it 4．which/that 5．satisfied 6．t fulfill
【导语】这是一篇说明文。新的研究发现，记忆的元素彼此分开存储，只有在回忆的过程中，它们才被整合在一起，每次我们回忆起一段记忆时，记忆的某些方面都会发生轻微的变化。这种理解对于科学家以相当创新的方式消除和替换记忆至关重要。文章对此进行了详细介绍。
1．考查动名词。句意：人们一直认为，记忆的目的是将生活中发生的每一件事归档，然后让我们回忆起来，就像一台记录装置。a recrding device意为“记录装置”，此处应用动名词作定语表示用途和功能。故填recrding。
2．考查状语从句。句意：当我们回忆起一段记忆时，我们进入大脑库，拿出一个文件，看一看，然后把它放回原来的地方。“ it was”是地点状语从句，根据句意，表示“(它原来所在的)地方”，应用连词where引导该从句。故填where。
3．考查现在完成时的被动语态和主谓一致。句意：记忆是什么被重新定义了。动词redefine意为“重新定义”，和主语从句what memry is构成被动关系。此处表示动作发生在过去，但对现在产生结果或影响，应用现在完成时。主语为从句，谓语应用三单形式。故填has been redefined。
4．考查介词。句意：首先，没有中央记忆库；记忆的元素彼此分开存储，因此与特定记忆相关的东西——气味、声音、情感、身体接触、图片等——被保存在大脑的不同区域，只有在回忆的过程中，它们才被整合在一起。separately frm each ther意为“彼此分开”，此处应用介词frm。故填frm。
5．考查主语从句。句意：研究人员现在认为，每次我们回忆起一段记忆时，记忆的某些方面都会发生轻微的变化。在主语从句中缺少宾语，且是指事物，应用连接代词what。句首首字母应大写。故填What。
6．考查比较级。句意：这意味着记忆比我们之前认为的更灵活。根据“than previusly thught”可知，此处应用形容词比较级mre flexible表示“更灵活的”作表语。故填mre flexible。
7．考查代词。句意：这种并行更像是在计算机上打开一个文件，修改然后再次保存它。代指前文中的a file应用代词it。故填it。
8．考查定语从句。句意：在最近的一项研究中，把一只老鼠放在一个全新的、空旷的环境中，使它感到沮丧，并导致它拒绝移动。在定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词为envirnment，应用关系代词which或that。故填which/that。
9．考查形容词。句意：激光机器上的一个开关给老鼠带来了以前快乐的记忆，老鼠就会满意地到处跑，表现出放松、正常的行为。根据“shwing relaxed, nrmal behavir”可知，此处应用形容词satisfied表示“满意的”作状语。故填satisfied。
10．考查动词不定式。句意：不可能变成了可能。becme pssible t d意为“变得可能做某事”，此处应用t d不定式。动词fulfill意为“实现”。故填fulfill。
(23-24高一下·上海建平中学·期末)
Directins: After reading the passage belw, fill in the blanks t make the passage cherent and grammatically crrect. Fr the blanks with a given wrd, fill in each blank with the prper frm f the given wrd; fr the ther blanks, use ne wrd that best fits each blank.
The Fascinating Culture f the Mia Peple
The Mia ethnicity f China has a lng histry, rich culture, and an ancient flk religin. 1 (decrate) with beautiful traditinal clthes, they live in uniquely designed architecture. Thrughut histry, the Mia peple were cnstantly migrating, always n the mve. In mre mdern times, part f the Mia peple gradually settled dwn in sutheast Asian cuntries. Tday, the Mia peple in China 2 (cncentrate) in eight prvinces, autnmus regins, and cities in suthwest and suth-central China, 3 Guizhu Prvince has the largest ppulatin.
The Mia peple have lived the lush vegetatin f the muntains and river fr generatins. The Mialing Muntains lcated in Guizhu Prvince are the watershed (分水岭) between the Pearl River and the Yangtze River. Kaili City, the capital f Qiandngnan, is knwn as the Pearl f Mialing Muntains. Just 10 kilmeters frm the city center, the 4 (wind) crystal-clear Bala River runs thrugh the valley by the city. On the cliffs f the peaks n either side f the river 5 (sit) a cluster f Mia villages, scattered like pearls.
The peple wh live in the ancient villages are sincere, kind, hspitable, and hnest. 6 a turist ever get lst, there were n need t wrry. All that needs t d is just call ut in a lud vice utside any curtyard, “Is anyne hme? I’m lst.” A wden windw wuld pen instantly and an elderly persn wuld stick the head ut, describing 7 the turist shuld head in simple, basic Putnghua.
The fantastically clred rice terraces (梯田) can be seen at the edge f the village path. The ripe rice is bent ver 8 they were expressing gratefulness t the earth fr giving it life. After the harvest is dne, rice is neatly tied-up and arranged, waiting 9 (handle) better. Self-sufficiency in living ff the land is a way f life that Mia families have handed dwn t their descendants fr generatins, and tday the Mia peple still maintain their traditinal way f life and wrk 10 the gazing crwds f turists wh pass thrugh their villages.
【答案】
1．Decrated 2．are cncentrated 3．amng which/f which 4．winding 5．sits 6．Shuld 7．where 8．as if/as thugh 9．t be handled 10．despite
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国苗族悠久的历史、丰富的文化和古老的民间宗教，以及他们独特的服饰、建筑和生活方式。
1．考查非谓语动词。句意：他们穿着漂亮的传统服装，居住在独特设计的建筑中。“_____ (decrate) with beautiful traditinal clthes”作伴随状语，decrate(装饰)是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语they之间是被动关系，用过去分词表被动。故填Decrated。
2．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：今天，中国的苗族人主要集中在中国西南部和中南部的八个省、自治区和城市，其中贵州省的人口最多。cncentrate(使……集中或聚集)是谓语动词，与主语the Mia peple之间是被动关系，结合时间状语Tday可知，描述当前状态，用一般现在时态，名词peple作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。故填are cncentrated。
3．考查定语从句。句意：今天，中国的苗族人主要集中在中国西南部和中南部的八个省、自治区和城市，其中贵州省的人口最多。“_____ Guizhu Prvince has the largest ppulatin”是定语从句，修饰先行词“eight prvinces, autnmus regins, and cities”，关系词将其代入定语从句中作状语，表示“在八个省、自治区和城市中”，可用“介词amng/f+关系代词which”引导该从句。故填amng/f which。
4．考查形容词。句意：离市中心仅10公里，蜿蜒清澈的巴拉河穿过城市的山谷。提示词修饰名词Bala River，用同根形容词winding作定语，意为“曲折的，蜿蜒的”。故填winding。
5．考查倒装句型、时态和主谓一致。句意：在河流两岸的山峰悬崖上，散落着一簇簇苗族村寨，像珍珠一样。本句是倒装句型，主语是a cluster f Mia villages，sit(坐落在)是谓语动词，与主语之间是主动关系，结合句意，描述客观事实，用一般现在时态，又因“a cluster f+名词”作主语时，其后的谓语动词通常使用单数形式。故填sits。
6．考查固定句型和虚拟语气。句意：如果游客迷路了，也不用担心。根据句意，“_____ a turist ever get lst”是虚拟条件状语从句，原句为“If a turist shuld ever get lst”，在虚拟条件句中，如果有助动词shuld，可省略连词if，并将shuld置于从句句首；句首单词首字母大写。故填Shuld。
7．考查宾语从句。句意：一扇木窗会立刻打开，一位老人会把头伸出来，用简单、基本的普通话描述游客应该去哪里。“_____ the turist shuld head”是宾语从句，结合句意，表示“游客应该去哪里”，用应连接副词where引导该从句，并在句中作地点状语。故填where。
8．考查状语从句。句意：成熟的稻子弯下了腰，好像在对大地赐予它生命表示感谢。根据句意，“_____ they were expressing gratefulness t the earth fr giving it life”是方式状语从句，表示“好像……”，用连词as if或者as thugh引导该从句。故填as if/thugh。
9．考查非谓语动词。句意：收割完毕后，稻子被整齐地捆扎起来，排列好，等待更好的处理。wait t d固定搭配，用不定式作宾语，又因handle与其逻辑主语rice之间是被动关系，所以用不定式的被动形式t be handled作宾语。故填t be handled。
10．考查介词。句意：如今，苗族人仍然保持着他们的传统生活方式和工作方式，尽管有成群的游客穿过他们的村庄。根据句意，“_____ the gazing crwds f turists wh pass thrugh their villages”是让步状语，表示“尽管”，用介词despite构成介词短语作状语。故填despite。
(23-24高一下·上海宝山区·期末)
Directins: After reading the passage belw, fill in the blanks t make the passage cherent and grammatically crrect. Fr the blanks with a given wrd, fill in each blank with the prper frm f the given wrd; fr the ther blanks, use ne wrd that best fits each blank.
Sra: OpenAl will nw let yu create vides frm verbal cues
Artificial intelligence leader OpenAI intrduced a new AI mdel called Sra which it claims can create “realistic” and “imaginative” 60-secnd vides frm quick text instructins. In a blg pst n Wednesday, the cmpany said Sra is capable f generating vides up t 60 secnds in length frm text instructins, 1 (serve) up scenes with multiple characters, specific types f mtin, and detailed backgrund details.
This is the latest effrt frm the cmpany behind the viral chatbt ChatGPT, 2 cntinues t push the generative AI mvement frward. 3 “multi-mdal mdels” are nt new and text-t-vide mdels already exist, what sets this apart is the length and accuracy that OpenAI claims Sra t have, accrding t Reece Hayden, a senir analyst at market research firm ABI Research. Hayden said these types f AI mdels 4 have a big impact n digital entertainment.
Sra 5 (make) available t nline security prfessrs sn in rder t assess the prduct fr harms r risks. It is als granting access t a number f visual artists, designers and filmmakers t cllect feedback n 6 creative prfessinals culd use it.
Fr nw, OpenAI said Sra is still a wrk 7 prgress with clear “weaknesses,” particularly when it cmes t spatial details f a prmpt-mixing up left and right-and cause and effect. The latest update cmes as OpenAI cntinues t advance ChatGPT. Earlier this week, the cmpany said it is testing a feature in which users can cntrl ChatGPT’s memry, allwing them t ask the platfrm t remember chats t make future cnversatins 8 (persnalized) r tell it t frget smething previusly 9 (discuss). The cmpany als said it plans t wrk with a team f experts 10 (test) the latest mdel and lk clsely at varius areas including misinfrmatin,hateful cntent and prejudice.
【答案】
1．serving 2．which 3．While/Thugh/Althugh 4．can 5．will be made 6．hw 7．in 8．mre persnalized 9．discussed 10．t test
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了OpenAI新推出的AI模型Sra，该模型能根据简短文本指令生成长达60秒的视频，有望深刻影响数字娱乐领域。
1．考查非谓语动词。句意：周三，该公司在博客文章中表示，Sra能够根据简短的文字指令生成长达60秒的视频，提供包含多个角色、特定类型的动作和详细背景细节的场景。空处位于省略that的宾语从句中，根据从句谓语动词is可知，空处需用非谓语动词形式作伴随状语，动词serve“提供”与从句主语Sra之间为主动关系，应用现在分词形式。故填serving。
2．考查定语从句。句意：这是风靡一时的聊天机器人ChatGPT背后的公司的最新努力，它继续推动生成人工智能运动向前发展。根据空前谓语动词is和空后谓语动词cntinues，且句子不能构成并列句，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the cmpany，先行词指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which。故填which。
3．考查让步状语从句。句意：ABI Research的高级分析师Reece Hayden表示，虽然“多模态模型”并不新鲜，文本到视频的模型已经存在，但根据OpenAI声称的Sra的长度和准确性，这使其与众不同。根据句子的谓语动词are和is，以及前后句意的对比转折关系可知，空处引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管，虽然”，可用while/thugh/althugh引导，空处位于句首，首字母大写。故填While/Thugh/Althugh。
4．考查情态动词。句意：Hayden说，这类AI模型可能对数字娱乐产生重大影响。空处位于省略that的宾语从句中，根据已有动词原形have及句意可知，空处需填情态动词，表示能力或可能性，应用can，表明这类模型有潜力带来大的影响。故填can。
5．考查时态和语态。句意：Sra 将很快提供给在线安全专家，以便他们评估该产品是否存在危害或风险。空处是句子的谓语动词，根据sn可知，句子讲述的是将来的事情，应用一般将来时，且Sra与make之间为被动关系，应用一般将来时的被动语态。故填will be made。
6．考查宾语从句。句意：它还向一些视觉艺术家、设计师和电影制作人开放访问，以收集反馈，了解创意专业人士如何使用它。根据空前谓语动词is和空后谓语动词culd use可知，空处引导宾语从句作介词n的宾语，从句中缺少方式状语，应用hw引导，说明他们想要了解的是使用方式。故填hw。
7．考查介词短语。句意：目前，OpenAI表示Sra仍是一个正在进行中的工作，有明显的“弱点”，特别是在空间细节提示方面会混淆左右和因果关系。in prgress为固定搭配，意为“正在进行中”。故填in。
8．考查形容词比较级。句意：本周早些时候，该公司表示正在测试一项功能，该功能允许用户控制ChatGPT的记忆，使他们能够要求平台记住聊天内容，以便使未来的对话更加个性化，或者告诉它忘记之前讨论过的某事。根据空前make future cnversatins可知，此处应用形容词作宾补，且与未使用此功能前的情况相比，应用形容词persnalized的比较级mre persnalized表示“更加个性化的”。故填mre persnalized。
9．考查非谓语动词。句意：本周早些时候，该公司表示正在测试一项功能，该功能允许用户控制ChatGPT的记忆，使他们能够要求平台记住聊天内容，以便使未来的对话更加个性化，或者告诉它忘记之前讨论过的某事。根据空前的不定代词smething和副词previusly可知，空处需用discuss的适当形式与previusly一起修饰smething，smething与discuss之间为被动关系，应用过去分词discussed，作后置定语。故填discussed。
10．考查非谓语动词。句意：该公司还表示，计划与一个专家团队合作，测试最新模型，并密切关注包括错误信息、恶意内容和偏见在内的各个领域。空处位于省略that的宾语从句中，根据从句谓语动词plans可知，空处需用非谓语动词形式，空处表目的，应用不定式形式t test，说明与专家团队合作的目的。故填t test。
(23-24高一下·上海七宝中学·期末)
Directins: After reading the passage belw, fill in the blanks t make the passage cherent and grammatically crrect. Fr the blanks with a given wrd, fill in each blank with the prper frm f the given wrd; fr the ther blanks, use ne wrd that best fits each blank.
Number f Steps a Day It Takes t Cut Risk f Early Death
New research suggests exactly hw many steps yu need t take each day t reduce the risk f heart disease and early death. If yu 61 (fail) in yur pursuit f walking 10,000 steps a day — researchers have sme gd news fr yu.
They fund walking up t 10,000 steps a day reduces these risks. The lwest risk f early death was 62 peple wh tk 9,000 t 10,500 steps a day. When it came t aviding heart attack, peple 63 (manage) arund 9,700 steps a day had the lwest risks.
Experts have previusly fund peple wh spend a lt f time sitting while awake are mre likely 64 (suffer) an early death and develp heart disease. It has been unclear 65 walking can balance ut the effects f sitting dwn fr mst f the day — until nw.
A study, published in the British Jurnal f Sprts Medicine, analysed data frm 72,174 peple 66 (age) arund 61 frm UK. Participants wre a device fr seven days t measure their exercise levels. After a seven-year fllw-up, 1,633 deaths and 6,190 cardivascular (心脏血管的) events, such as heart attack, were recrded. The results shwed any amunt f daily steps abve 2,200 a day were linked t lwer death and heart disease — 67 the rest f the day was spent being inactive.
Julie Ward, a senir nurse in the U.K., said, “We encurage peple t stay active fr 68 heart and circulatry health by ding 150 minutes f mderate exercise a week. “This can be any activity 69 fits int yur lifestyle, such as taking regular walking breaks away frm yur cmputer screen, ging t the gym, enjying exercise classes, r even getting ff the bus ne stp 70 (early) t get mre steps in.”
【答案】
1．fail/have failed 2．amng/in/fr 3．managing 4．t suffer 5．whether 6．aged 7．even if/even thugh 8．their 9．that 10．earlier
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究，该研究表明每天走多少步可以降低早逝的风险。
1．考查时态、主谓一致。句意：如果你每天走一万步的目标失败了，研究人员给你带来了好消息。根据句意及a day可知，故时态用一般现在时，且主语为yu，故谓语fail“失败”用动词原形；或者fail这一动作开始于过去，持续到现在，句子时态应用现在完成时，又因主语是yu，所以助动词用have。故填fail或have failed。
2．考查介词。句意：早死风险最低的在那些每天走9000到10500步的人中。根据句意可知，表示“在……中”，且是很多人当中，用介词amng或in。或者翻译为“对应，对”，用介词fr。故填amng或in或fr。
3．考查非谓语动词。句意：在避免心脏病发作方面，每天走9700步左右的人风险最低。本句谓语为had，此处为非谓语动词，且peple与manage“完成”为主动关系，应用现在分词，作定语，修饰peple。故填managing。
4．考查非谓语动词。句意：专家们此前发现，醒着时长时间坐着的人更容易早死和患心脏病。be likely t d sth.“有可能做某事”，应用suffer“（因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦，受难”的不定式。故填t suffer。
5．考查主语从句。句意：直到现在，人们还不清楚走路是否能抵消一天中大部分时间坐着的影响。分析句子结构可知，It为形式主语，本空引导主语从句，从句缺少“是否”的含义，应用whether引导。故填whether。
6．考查形容词。句意：发表在《英国运动医学杂志》上的一项研究分析了来自英国的72174名61岁左右的人的数据。表示“年龄为……岁的”，所以用形容词aged构成形容词短语作后置定语，故填aged。
7．考查让步状语从句。句意：结果显示，每天超过2200步的步数与降低死亡率和心脏病有关——即使一天中剩下的时间都不活动。根据句意可知此处引导让步状语从句，表示“即使”，故填even if/even thugh。
8．考查形容词性物主代词。句意：我们鼓励人们每周进行150分钟的适度运动，以保持心脏和循环系统的健康。放在名词前面，所以用形容词性物主代词their“他们的”，故填their。
9．考查定语从句。句意：这可以是任何适合你生活方式的活动，比如离开电脑屏幕定期散步，去健身房，参加健身课程，甚至提前一站下车多走几步。分析句子结构可知，本空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是activity，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，前面有any修饰，应用关系代词that引导。故填that。
10．考查副词比较级。句意：这可以是任何适合你生活方式的活动，比如离开电脑屏幕定期散步，去健身房，参加健身课程，甚至提前一站下车多走几步。根据句意可知此处为“早些时候”，所以用副词early的比较级作状语，故填earlier.
(22-23高一下·上海建平中学·期末)
Directins: After reading the passage belw, fill in the blanks t make the passage cherent and grammatically crrect. Fr the blanks with a given wrd, fill in each blank with the prper frm f the given wrd; fr the ther blanks, use ne wrd that best fits each blank.
A mysterius dg
Recently, a museum uncvered a little dg hidden in early Picass painting. 1 (reveal) during a technical analysis f the Spanish artist’s painting “Le Mulin de la Galette” ahead f an exhibitin f his early wrks, the image f a charming dg has attracted a lt f attentin.
Opened at the Guggenheim n Friday, the new shw “Yung Picass in Paris” includes 10 paintings and drawings made by Picass upn his arrival in the French capital in 1900. “Le Mulin de la Galette” 2 (describe) a lively scene at a famus Parisian dance hall als painted by ther artists. A sea f cuples are seen dancing in fine hats, painted in quick brushwrk, with three figures 3 (seat) at a table in the fregrund.
Museum experts were able t generate an image f what the dg riginally lked like using X-ray scanning, 4 imaging technique that figures ut the chemical elements in a painting, accrding t the Guggenheim’s senir paintings expert, Julie Barten.
“It was interesting t me that he quickly painted ver this dg, 5 wuld have been a rather amazing aspect f this painting,” Barten said in a phne call.
The museum nted that the dg 6 (wear) a red bw bears a clse similarity t a Cavalier King Charles spaniel. Thugh Barten cannt say fr certain 7 Picass pted t remve the dg frm the scene, she suggested that the painter might have cnsidered its lively face and attractive bw t distracting.
Cvering up the dg allws viewers 8 (lk) mre carefully at all f these ther wnderful figures in the cmpsitin and experience the space in different ways.
Picass made ther changes t the wrk, including 9 (switch) the gender presentatins f a dancing cuple and painting ut an empty chair, accrding t the study. Mdifying paintings later became part f Picass’s regular practice, Barten said, adding that nw “Le Mulin de la Galette” 10 (cnsider) ne f the earliest examples f this.
【答案】
1．Revealed 2．describes 3．seated 4．an 5．which 6．wearing 7．why 8．t lk 9．switching 10．is cnsidered
【导语】本文是说明文。本文讲述了一家博物馆在毕加索早期画作中发现了一只小狗。
1．考查非谓语动词 。句意：在这位西班牙艺术家的早期作品展览之前，对他的画作《Le Mulin de la Galette》进行了技术分析，一只迷人的狗的形象被发现，吸引了很多人的关注。分析句子可知，句子的主语是has attracted，reveal用非谓语动词形式作状语，reveal与逻辑主语the image f a charming dg是被动关系，用过去分词作状语，故填Revealed。
2．考查动词时态。句意：“Le Mulin de la Galette”描绘了在一个由其他艺术家绘制著名的巴黎舞厅里生动的场景。分析句子可知，describe是谓语动词，描述现在的事实用一般现在时，故填describes。
3．考查非谓语动词。句意：（人们）看到一群戴着精美帽子跳舞的情侣，用快速的笔法绘制，前景中有三个人坐在一张桌子旁。分析句子可知，此处是with+宾语+宾语补足语复合结构，宾语three figures与seat是被动关系，用过去分词seated，或者看作形容词seated表示“坐”的状态，故填seated。
4．考查冠词。句意：古根海姆博物馆的高级绘画专家朱莉·巴滕(Julie Barten)说，博物馆的专家们利用X射线扫描技术生成了这只狗最初的样子，X射线扫描是一种成像技术，可以找出画作中的化学元素。分析句子可知，此处泛指“一种成像技术”，用不定冠词修饰technique，imaging以元音音素开头，故填an。
5．考查定语从句。句意：巴滕在电话中说:“我觉得很有趣，他很快就把这只狗涂掉了，这本来会是这幅画中一个相当引人注目的方面。”分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰this dg，从句中作主语，指物，引导非限制性定语从句用关系代词which，故填which。
6．考查非谓语动词。句意：博物馆指出，这只戴着一个红色的蝴蝶结的狗与骑士查尔斯国王猎犬非常相似。分析句子可知，“(wear) a red bw”作定语修饰dg，dg与wear是主动关系，用现在分词作定语，故填wearing。
7．考查宾语从句。句意：尽管巴滕不能肯定地说为什么毕加索选择从场景中移除这只狗，但她认为画家可能认为它活泼的脸和吸引人的蝴蝶结太分散注意力了。分析句子可知，say后接宾语从句，空处填连接词，根据句意，此处解释原因，故填why。
8．考查非谓语动词。句意：把狗遮盖起来，可以让观众更仔细地观察构图中的其他精彩人物，并以不同的方式体验空间。allw sb. t d sth.“允许某人做某事”，用不定式作宾语补足语，故填t lk。
9．考查非谓语动词。句意：根据研究，毕加索还对作品进行了其他修改，包括改变了一对跳舞情侣的性别表现，并画掉了一把空椅子。including是介词，接动名词作宾语，故填switching。
10．考查动词时态语态。句意：巴登说，修改画作后来成为毕加索的常规做法之一，并补充说，《Le Mulin de la Galette》现在被认为是最早的例子之一。分析句子可知，cnsider作谓语，与主语Le Mulin de la Galette是被动关系，主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数，由nw可知，描述现在的事实用一般现在时，故填is cnsidered。
(23-24高一下·上海黄浦区·期末)
Directins: After reading the passage belw, fill in the blanks t make the passage cherent and grammatically crrect. Fr the blanks with a given wrd, fill in each blank with the prper frm f the given wrd; fr the ther blanks, use ne wrd that best fits each blank.
The mment Alk Shukla first saw the frest in central India stretching ut befre him, he knew tw things immediately. One: that this frest—knwn as the lungs f Chhattisgarh, hme t thusands f lcal peple, 1 (endanger) animals and rare plants—was ne f the mst beautiful places he had ever seen. And tw: that he 2 (devte) his life t prtecting it frm being destryed by big cmpanies.
The nly questin was, hw?
Twelve years later, Alk 3 smile at the memry. After all, what he has achieved in the past years has been impressive. On Mnday, the 43-year-ld 4 (award) the Gldman Envirnmental Prize, which was widely knwn as the green Nbel.
Back in 2012, the Hasde Aranya frest in Chhattisgarh was under threat, because f its rich cal depsits (矿床). In India, the wrld’s secnd 5 (large) cnsumer f cal after China, thse depsits are highly valuable. But the value f the frest t the lcal peple was incalculable t Alk.
He wasn’t the nly ne 6 (recgnize) the value f the land: lcal gvernment had declared that the frest shuld be prtected a few years earlier. 7 this, s-called cal areas in the frest were put up fr public sale.
Alk realized they were sure t lse the battle 8 everyne came tgether. Out f this, the Save Hasde Aranya Cmmittee (委员会) was set up, 9 (teach) peple abut the lcal laws and rights available. 10 als jined the different grups tgether effectively fr the first time.
Alk hpes winning the Gldman prize will inspire ther mvements glbally—and nce again fcus attentin n the frest. “Any tree being cut in Hasde Aranya is wrng, and ur effrt will be t save every tree.” he vws.
【答案】
1．endangered 2． wuld devte 3．can 4．was awarded 5．largest 6． t recgnise 7．Despite 8． unless 9．teaching 10．It
【导语】本文是新闻报道。文章讲述了印度大叔阿洛克·舒克拉因为在哈斯度·阿那亚森林“拯救每一棵树”活动荣获“绿色诺贝尔奖”。
1．考查形容词。句意：第一，这片被称为恰蒂斯加尔之肺的森林，居住着成千上万的部落居民，濒临灭绝的动物和稀有植物，这里是他见过的最美丽的地方之一。名词前用形容词修饰，作定语。故填endangered。
2．考查动词时态。句意：第二，他将毕生致力于保护它不被大公司破坏。主语后缺少谓语，根据was可知，此处表示过去的将来，用过去将来时。故填wuld devte。
3．考查情态动词。句意：12 年后，阿洛克可以微笑回忆这段经历了。谓语动词前用情态动词，描述现在的事情用一般现在时。故填can。
4．考查动词时态语态。句意：周一，这位 43 岁的男人被授予了戈德曼环境奖 ，也被称为“绿色诺贝尔奖”。主语后缺少谓语，是被动关系，描述过去的事情用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是单数，谓语用单数。故填was awarded。
5．考查形容词最高级。句意：印度是仅次于中国的世界第二大煤炭消费国，这些煤炭储量非常宝贵。序数词+形容词最高级表示“第几大”，用形容词最高奖。故填largest。
6．考查非谓语动词。句意：他不是唯一一个认识到这块土地价值的人: 地方当局几年前就宣布这块土地受到保护。was是谓语动词，此处是非谓语动词，the nly ne后用动词不定式作定语。故填t recgnize。
7．考查介词。句意：尽管如此，森林中所谓的煤炭区域还是被拿出来拍卖了。前后句是让步关系，表示尽管，代词前用介词despite，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Despite。
8．考查状语从句。句意：阿洛克意识到，除非大家团结起来，要不然他们注定会输掉这场战斗。unless引导状语从句，是让步关系。故填unless。
9．考查非谓语动词。句意：由此，拯救哈斯度·阿那亚森林抵抗委员会被建立，向人们传授当地的法律和权利。谓语是was set up，teach是非谓语动词，表示主动关系，用现在分词，作状语。故填teaching。
10．考查代词。句意：该组织还首次将不同的群体有效地联系在一起。指代 the Save Hasde Aranya Cmmittee (委员会)，作主语，用代词it，位于句首，首字母大写。故填It。
(22-23高一下·上海实验·期末)
Directins: After reading the passage belw, fill in the blanks t make the passage cherent and grammatically crrect. Fr the blanks with a given wrd, fill in each blank with the prper frm f the given wrd: fr the ther blanks, use ne wrd that best fits each blank.
The art f grwing bald gracefully
There are three imprtant days in every bald(ing) man’s life: The day yu realize yu’re lsing yur hair, the day yu realize yu shuld shave ff what remains, and the day yu finally d. 1 (grw) bald gracefully is abut reducing the gap between these milestnes as far as pssible. I learned this the hard way.
My fear 2 all hairless men lk the same is reinfrced by the fact that peple keep saying I lk like my dad. N ne 3 (nte) this resemblance befre. Nw, suddenly, we`re like tw shiny-headed. bearded peas in a pd. There is a certain petic justice here, and I suffer regular flashbacks t the bald jkes I’d tell at my dad’s expense.
Whether he’s 4 (blame) fr my hairline is matter f debate. Studies f identical twins have fund that heredity (遗传) factrs accunt fr arund 80% f men’s tendency t g bald, 5 the genetics are prly understd. An ld wives’ tale dictates that hair lss is passed dwn via the mther, 6 means yur maternal grandfather’s hairline is the best predictr f yur wn.
Lifestyle factrs can play a part, and I ften wnder whether my fate was hastened by eating trans fats and nt sleeping enugh, r by living in big cities during sme f its mst seriusly 7 (pllute) years. But my hairline’s retreat was likely predestined. As such, I am at peace with it. Althugh I didn’t grw bald gracefully, I can still aspire t be bald with grace.
Antn was the first amng my friends 8 (g) bald. While I had the luxury f hlding ut until aged 35, he was 18 when he first fund clumps f hair n the pillw. Antn’s advice fr me and fellw newcmers is as fllws: Misturize (滋润) yur head daily, shave it every few days and wear hats t prtect against the sun and heat lss alike. If yu have a beard, keep it 9 (brush); if yu’re muscly, be aware f terrifying peple and disarm them with a smile. And remember, he cncluded, the way yu carry yurself matters mre than 10 is — r isn’t — grwing frm the tp f yur head.
【答案】
1．Grwing 2．that 3．had nted 4．t blame 5．thugh/althugh 6．which 7．plluted 8．t g 9．brushed 10．what
【导语】本文是说明文。讲述了作者总结的如何优雅地变秃的艺术。
1．考查非谓语动词。句意：优雅地秃顶就是要尽可能地缩小这些里程碑之间的差距。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少主语，应该用动名词作主语，位于句首，首字母应大写，动名词表示一般性、抽象的行为。故填Grwing。
2．考查同位语从句。句意：人们一直说我长得像我爸爸，这加深了我对所有秃头男人看起来都一样的恐惧。分析句子结构可知，空处引导同位语从句解释说明抽象名词fear的具体内容，从句中结构完整，用that引导。故填that。
3．考查动词时态。句意：以前没有人注意到这种相似之处。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，所以nte作本句谓语，根据befre可知，描述的是过去的过去，应该用过去完成时。故填had nted。
4．考查非谓语动词。句意：他是否该为我的发际线负责还有待商榷。分析句子结构可知，本句是whether引导的主语从句，从句中已有谓语动词is，所以blame用非谓语形式，此处表达“应该受到责备”之意，应该用be t blame形式。故填t blame。
5．考查状语从句连词。句意：对同卵双胞胎的研究发现，遗传因素约占男性秃顶倾向的80%，尽管人们对遗传因素知之甚少。分析句子结构可知，空处引导状语从句，根据句意为“尽管”之意，应该用thugh/althugh引导让步状语从句。故填thugh/althugh。
6．考查定语从句关系词。句意：一个老妇人的传说认为脱发是通过母亲遗传的，这意味着你的外祖父的发际线是你自己的发际线的最佳预测器。该空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是“hair lss is passed dwn via the mther”指的事情，关系词在从句中作主语，用关系代词which。故填which。
7．考查形容词。句意：生活方式因素也有影响，我常常想，我的命运是不是因为吃反式脂肪和睡眠不足而加速了，还是因为在污染最严重的几年里住在大城市。分析句子结构可知，空后是名词years，所以空处应填形容词plluted (受污染的)作定语。故填plluted。
8．考查非谓语动词。句意：安东是我朋友中第一个秃顶的。分析句子结果可知，此处是固定短语，the+序数词+n.+t d sth.，该空用不定式形式。故填t g。
9．考查非谓语动词。句意：如果你有胡子，记得把它刷干净；如果你是肌肉发达的人，要注意那些让人害怕的人，用微笑来解除他们的武装。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词，所以brush应用非谓语形式，它的逻辑主语是it，代指胡子，两者是被动关系，用过去分词表被动，作宾补。故填brushed。
10．考查宾语从句。句意：记住，他总结道，你的自我态度比你头顶上长了什么更重要。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，指事物，应连接代词what引导。故填what。
(22-23高一下·上海交大附中·期末)
Directins: After reading the passages belw, fill in the blanks t make the passage cherent and grammatically crrect. Fr the blanks with a given wrd, fill in each blank with the prper frm f the given wrd; fr the ther blanks, use ne wrd that best fits each blank.
Parental Instincts
Last year in early summer, I was walking up the hill t my huse in suburban Brisbane when I saw tw birds, each abut 6 centimeters tall, standing in my driveway. They didn’t seem t ntice me 1 I was right in frnt f them and then they immediately scattered int the nearby bushes.
I was quite excited by the idea f tw special birds 2 (make) a nest in my frnt yard, althugh I didn’t really expect them t as wild birds dn’t usually nest s clse.
A few weeks later, the birds reappeared. I fund them cruching beside a tree ff t the side f my driveway. As I apprached them, I imagined that they’d run away like they did last time, but instead they 3 (stick) ut their heads and made a threatening craking sund 4 came frm deep inside their thrats.
I did sme research and fund that the birds are burhinus grallarius(长尾石鸻). I still didn’t knw 5 they were craking at me until a shrt time later I made an amazing discvery: they 6 (lay) tw eggs which hatched int tw small birds racing arund nw.
As I crept twards the birds, careful nt t make any sudden mvement, they started their craking again, 7 (stretch) their necks frwards s they seemed lnger and mre threatening.
I was watching them in awe when I suddenly tripped and fell t the grund. The birds tk this 8 a threat and the father raced twards me, spreading his wings t shield the mther and the chicks while making 9 appear larger.
I was srry 10 (scare) them and left quickly.
I am amazed by their bld actins. Their parental instincts kicked in and made them s curageus. It is hard nt t be awed by nature.
【答案】
1．until 2．making 3．stuck 4．that/which 5．why 6．had laid 7．stretching 8．as 9．itself 10．t scare
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要叙述了作者作者和在他门前筑巢的小鸟之间的故事。
1．考查时间状语从句。句意：他们似乎没有注意到我，直到我就在他们面前，然后他们立即分散到附近的灌木丛中。结合空前的didn’t可知，本空填until引导时间状语从句，构成(直到……才)固定搭配，故答案为until。
2．考查非谓语动词。句意：想到两只特殊的鸟在我的前院筑巢，我非常兴奋，尽管我真的没想到它们会这样做，因为野生鸟类通常不会在这么近的地方筑巢。分析句子结构可知，本空为介词f的宾语，且与其逻辑主语tw special birds为主动关系，故用动名词making构成动名词复合结构作宾语。故答案为making。
3．考查时态。句意：当我走近他们时，我以为他们会像上次一样逃跑，但它们却伸出头来，从喉咙深处发出威胁性的沙哑声。由并列连词but和句意判断，but后为句子，故本空为谓语。动词短语stick ut意为“伸出”。且由空前的过去式apprached判断事情发生在过去，故句子用一般过去时，故本空填stick的过去式stuck。 故答案为stuck。
4．考查定语从句。句意：当我走近他们时，我以为他们会像上次一样逃跑，但它们却伸出头来，从喉咙深处发出威胁性的沙哑声。分析句子结构可知，sund(声音)为先行词，其后为定语从句，从句缺少主语，应用关系代词that/which引导定语从句。故答案为that/which。
5．考查宾语从句。句意：我仍然不知道它们为什么对我大喊大叫，直到不久后我有了一个惊人的发现：它们产下了两个蛋，孵化成了两只现在四处奔跑的小鸟。分析句子结构可知knw后为其宾语从句，空处引导宾语从句，从句成份完整，但缺少“为什么”之意，故应用why引导宾语从句。故答案为why。
6．考查时态。句意：我仍然不知道它们为什么对我大喊大叫，直到不久后我有了一个惊人的发现：它们产下了两个蛋，孵化成了两只现在四处奔跑的小鸟。分析句子结构可知，本空为主句谓语，which引导修饰eggs的定语从句。hatched为hatch(孵化)的过去式，lay(产卵)这个动作发生在hatch动作之前完成，故本空用过去完成时。故答案为had laid。
7．考查非谓语动词。句意：当我爬向这些鸟时，小心不要突然移动，它们又开始嘎嘎叫了，脖子向前伸，看起来更长，更具威胁性。分析句子结构可知，started为主句谓语，故本空为非谓语，结合句意可知本空为伴随状语，且主语they和动词stretch(伸出)为主动关系，应用现在分词作伴随状语。故答案为stretching。
8．考查介词。句意：鸟儿们认为这是一种威胁，爸爸向我跑来，张开翅膀保护妈妈和小鸡，同时让自己看起来更大。意为“把……认为是……”，为固定短语，as为介词。tk this as a threat意为“认为这是一种威胁”。故答案为as。
9．考查代词。句意：鸟儿们认为这是一种威胁，爸爸向我跑来，张开翅膀保护妈妈和小鸡，同时让自己看起来更大。分析句子结构可知，making后缺少宾语，结合句意填反身代词itself(它自己)。故答案为itself。
10．考查非谓语动词。句意：我很抱歉吓到他们，很快就走了。动词scare意为“使害怕，使恐惧”。be srry t d sth.(对做某事感到抱歉)为固定短语。故答案为t scare。
(22-23高一下·上海曹二附中·期末)
Directins: Fill in the blanks with the prper frm f the given verbs, relative prnuns r adverbs, r cnjunctins.
Ancestry Travel
Everyne lves a hliday! A little time ff fr sme much- 1 (need) R&R(rest and relaxatin)can be exactly the thing t re-energize and refresh. That said, if yu’re struggling t think f yur next destinatin then lk n further. Dn’t waste time 2 (debate). Let yur bld decide.
Everybdy has a lineage(血统). Recently, finding ut mre 3 ur family rigins has becme ppular. By the start f 2019, 26 millin peple 4 (take) an ancestry DNA test at hme, accrding t a reprt by MIT Technlgy Review. They believe by 2021 this number will have risen t 100 millin.
This trend 5 (ntice) by pprtunistic travel peratrs. Sme are lking t prvide a service that bth allws peple t trace their heritage—by literally ging back t their rts—and travel t the destinatins 6 their ancestrs riginated.
Recently, Airbnb, an nline ldging market place, has partnered with 23andMe, a DNA testing and analysis cmpany, 7 (ffer) recmmendatins that encurage travellers t walk in the ftsteps f their frefathers. And they aren’t the nly nes.
The Shelburne htel in Dublin has its wn “genealgy butler(家谱管家)”. Hellen Kelly ffers cnsultatins t help guests trace their Irish line f descent(后代)using fficial recrds, 8 allws them t “fill in the blanks f their Irish ancestry”, she tld Gd Mrning America.
The Cnte Club, a luxury travel cmpany, ffers custm itineraries(行程)based n DNA tests. “These experiences are abut explring deeper int 9 we really are,” says Cnte Club CEO Rebecca Fielding in an article in the Cndé Nast Traveler. “It might be the mst meaningful trip we can take.”
S next time yu think f ging n vacatin, why nt take a DNA test first? 10 yu knw hw far yur family has cme, take the time t hliday back.
【答案】
1．needed 2．debating 3．abut 4．had taken 5．has been nticed 6．where 7．t ffer 8．which 9．wh 10．Once
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了“寻根游”这一新的旅游趋势。
1．考查形容词。句意：抽出一点时间，进行一些急需的R&R（休息和放松），正是让人重新振作和恢复精神的事情。动词need和后文名词之间是被动关系，故用其过去分词转化的形容词needed和much构成合成词修饰名词 R&R(rest and relaxatin)。故填needed。
2．考查非谓语动词。句意：不要浪费时间辩论。waste time (in) ding sth“浪费时间做某事”为固定句式，动名词作宾语。故填debating。
3．考查介词。句意：最近，了解更多关于我们的家庭出身信息变得很流行。根据句意可知，空处应用介词abut“关于”和后文构成介词短语。故填abut。
4．考查时态。句意：根据《麻省理工技术评论》的一份报告，截至2019年初，已有2600万人在家进行了祖先DNA测试。根据时间状语By the start f 2019可知，空处应用过去完成时，表示在过去某时间之前发生的事情。故填had taken。
5．考查时态和语态。句意：这一趋势已被机会主义的旅游运营商所注意到。动词ntice与主语之间是被动关系，根据上下文句意可知，空处应用现在完成时，表示过去的动作对现在的影响。主语是单数，主谓一致，故填has been nticed。
6．考查定语从句。句意：有些人正在寻求提供一种服务，既可以让人们追溯他们的遗产——通过真正回到他们的根——又可以去他们祖先起源的目的地旅行。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是destinatins，是地点名词，定语从句their ancestrs riginated中缺少地点状语，用关系副词where引导从句，作地点状语。故填where。
7．考查非谓语动词。句意：最近，一家在线住宿市场Airbnb与一家DNA测试和分析公司23andMe合作，为旅行者提供建议，鼓励他们追随祖先的足迹。根据句意可知，空处应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填t ffer。
8．考查定语从句。句意：Hellen Kelly在接受《早安美国》采访时表示，她提供咨询服务，帮助客人利用官方记录追踪他们的爱尔兰血统，让他们“填补爱尔兰血统的空白”。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是逗号前面整句话，指代事物，用关系代词which引导从句，作主语。故填which。
9．考查名词性从句。句意：这些经历是为了更深入地探索我们到底是谁。根据句意可知，空处应用连接词wh引导宾语从句，在从句中作表语，指人。故填wh。
10．考查连词。句意：一旦你知道你的家人已经迁徙了多远，就花时间回去度假。yu knw hw far yur family has cme是后文take the time t hliday back的条件，应用连词nce引导条件状语从句。符合句意。句首字母大写，故填Once。
(22-23高一下·上海进才中学·期末)
Directins: After reading the passage belw, fill in the blanks t make the passages cherent and grammatically crrect. Fr the blanks with a given wrd, fill in each blank with the prper frm f the given wrd; fr the ther blanks, use ne wrd that best fits each blank.
“Lve is dead,” we say, reading yet anther stry f a celebrity split. We likely dn’t knw the Hllywd stars, let alne have a clse relatinship with them, and yet, here we are murning the tragedy with friends and n scial media 1 it were a persnal lss.
Apparently, it’s nt unusual t feel cmpletely heartsick ver a celebrity breakup, accrding t Lindsay Hendersn, PsyD, a psychlgist 2 treats patients virtually via telehealth app, LiveHealthOnline. “Generally speaking, part f the general public’s ever-present fascinatin with the lives f celebrities stems frm the fact that we tend t view celebrities as successful peple,” she says. “As such, we strive 3 (learn)frm their actins in an attempt t be successful urselves.”
Chris Pratt and Anna Faris are the mst recent example f this dynamic. They annunced their breakup earlier this week, explaining that they “tried hard fr a lng time” and are “really disappinted.” The cuple was far frm alne in that. Thusands tk t scial media t express their sadness.
“When a celebrity cuple breaks up, the part f urselves that we try t mdel after the celebrity, whether cnsciusly r uncnsciusly, 4 (questin) and even injured,” Dr. Hendersn explains. “Our ver-identificatin with the celebrity ends up causing persnal discmfrt, and 5 we have elevated them t achieving such enviable success, their failings can smetimes be mre trubling t us than 6 f the peple in ur lives that we actually knw and have relatinships with.”
The sadness 7 (feel) by celebrity breakups d, f curse, pint back t ur wn reality. “A breakup is a rude reminder 8 the pain and struggle that cmes with a negative event can happen t anyne; if divrce can happen t them, it can certainly happen t us t,” Dr. Hendersn adds.
Luckily, all hpe is nt lst, and we can mentally prepare fr the next celebrity split s it desn’t feel as devastating. First, it’s imprtant t recgnize and acknwledge 9 upsetting these breakups can be. “It is gd t remind 10 that celebrities are nrmal peple facing the same basic human emtins and struggles that everyne else des,” Dr. Hendersn says. After that, it’s all abut nt trying t emulate (模仿) celebrities’ lifestyles, but instead, living thrugh yur wn jurney.
【答案】
1．as if/as thugh 2．wh/that 3．t learn 4．is questined 5．because/as/since 6．thse 7．felt 8．that 9．hw 10．urselves
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍心理学家认为我们不应该因为名人分手而感到真爱不存在，而是从他们的经历中吸取教训，明白名人和普通人一样也面临着情感问题。
1．考查连词。句意：我们可能不认识好莱坞明星，更不用说与他们有着密切的关系了，然而，在这里，我们与朋友和社交媒体一起哀悼这场悲剧，就好像这是个人的损失一样。空后“it were a persnal lss”为虚拟语气，结合句意表示“好像”应用as if/as thugh引导方式状语从句。故填as if/as thugh。
2．考查定语从句。句意：心理学博士Lindsay Hendersn通过远程医疗应用LiveHealthOnline为患者提供虚拟治疗，她说，显然，名人分手后感到非常伤心是很正常的。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是a psychlgist，从句缺少主语，应用关系代词wh/that引导从句。故填wh/that。
3．考查非谓语动词。句意：“因此，我们努力从他们的行为中学习，努力使自己取得成功。”strive t d sth.“努力做某事”是固定短语，空处填不定式作宾语。故填t learn。
4．考查时态和语态。句意：亨德森博士解释道：“当一对名人情侣分手时，我们试图模仿名人的部分，无论是有意识还是无意识，都会受到质疑，甚至受伤。”分析可知，空处为主句谓语动词，句子陈述客观事实，且主语the part f urselves和questin是被动关系，故应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词用形式。故填is questined。
5．考查连词。句意：“我们对名人的过度认同最终会导致个人不适，因为我们把他们提升到如此令人羡慕的成功，他们的失败有时会比我们生活中真正认识并与之有关系的人更让我们烦恼。”结合句意可知，“我们把他们提升到如此令人羡慕的成功”是“我们更加烦恼”的原因，因此此处用because/since/as引导原因状语从句。故填because/since/as。
6．考查代词。句意：“我们对名人的过度认同最终会导致个人不适，因为我们把他们提升到如此令人羡慕的成功，他们的失败有时会比我们生活中真正认识并与之有关系的人更让我们烦恼。”结合语境可知，此处指我们生活中认识的人的失败，为同类异物特指，且上文failings是复数，故此处用thse，相当于the failings。故填thse。
7．考查非谓语动词。句意：当然，明星分手所带来的悲伤也指向了我们自己的现实。空处应填非谓语动词作sadness的后置定语，feel“感受”和逻辑主语sadness是被动关系，应用过去分词作定语。故填felt。
8．考查同位语从句。句意：亨德森博士补充道：“分手突如其来地提醒人们，负面事件可能会发生在任何人身上；如果离婚发生在他们身上，我们也肯定会发生。”分析可知从句“the pain and struggle that cmes with a negative event can happen t anyne”是对名词reminder的解释，因此空处引导同位语从句，从句成份和意义都完整，应用连接词that引导从句。故填f。
9．考查宾语从句。句意：首先，重要的是要认识到并承认这些分手是多么令人沮丧。空处引导宾语从句，修饰形容词upsetting表示程度，应用连接词hw引导从句，hw upsetting“多么令人沮丧”。故填hw。
10．考查代词。句意：亨德森博士说：“提醒我们自己，名人是普通人，他们和其他人一样面临着人类的基本情感和挣扎，这很好。”。结合句意和上文“if divrce can happen t them, it can certainly happen t us t”可知，此处用反身代词urselves作宾语，表示“我们自己”。故填urselves。
(23-24高一下·上海世外中学·期末)
Directins: After reading the passage belw, fill in the blanks t make the passage cherent and grammatically crrect. Fr the blanks with a given wrd, fill in each blank with the prper frm f the given wrd; fr the ther blanks, use ne wrd that best fits each blank.
The family wh eats tgether
What’s the price f a family meal? Fr many families in the wrld’s wealthiest cuntries, the answer seems t be, ‘t much’. Fr instance, in the United States, 1 is ften a trendsetter in such things, the majrity f families reprt eating a single meal tgether fewer than five days a week. In fact, the frequency f shared meals 2 (decrease) in American families by 33 per cent ver the last twenty years. The meals 3 have shrtened t: frm an average f 90 minutes t just 12 minutes.
S perhaps we’re better ff asking urselves 4 the cst f nt eating tgether is. Once again, we culd turn t the figures. The Organizatin fr Ecnmic Cperatin and Develpment has fund that 15-year-lds wh reprted nt regularly 5 (share) family meals were twice as likely t be absent frm schl. In Eurpe, research has suggested that children wh dn’t eat dinner with their parents at least twice a week face a 40 per cent higher risk f fatness. Anther study, 6 (cnduct) by the Natinal Center n Addictin and Substance Abuse (滥用) at Clumbia University, fund that kids wh eat dinner with their parents five r mre times a week are 7 (likely) t have prblems with drugs and alchl.
But thse numbers, impressive 8 they seem, may be beside the pint. After all, having a meal tgether is mre than just a preventive measure 139 future misfrtune. The primary cst f the family meal is als the very thing that makes it imprtant: time.
The time spent tgether ver fd leads t all the psitive utcmes that are measured in the studies. That time spent tgether has less nticeable—but n less real—effects t. S ften, 9 is at the family meal that the family as such—the family as an rganic unit with shared memries and feelings and ambitins—is made.
【答案】
1．which 2．has decreased 3．themselves 4．what 5．sharing 6．cnducted 7．less likely 8．as / thugh 9．against 10．it
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一家人一起吃饭带来的好处。
1．考查非限制性定语从句的引导词。句意：例如，在经常引领此类潮流的美国，大多数家庭表示，他们每周在一起吃一顿饭的时间少于五天。根据is ften a trendsetter in such things可知此处是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是the United States，指物，且定语从句中缺少主语，因此要用关系代词which。故填which。
2．考查动词的时态。句意：事实上，在过去的20年里，美国家庭共享食物的频率下降了33%。根据ver the last twenty years可知此句时态是现在完成时，且主语是the frequency f shared meals，要用单数形式。故填has decreased。
3．考查代词。句意：用餐时间也缩短了：从平均90分钟缩短到12分钟。根据主语The meals可知此处要用反身代词themselves，表示用餐本身。故填themselves。
4．考查宾语从句的连接词。句意：因此也许我们最好问问自己不一起吃饭的代价是什么。根据we’re better ff asking urselves可知此处是一个宾语从句，缺少引导词，由宾语从句中的is可知此处要用what“什么”，且what充当is的表语。故填what。
5．考查非谓语动词。句意：经济合作与发展组织发现，报告称不经常与家人一起吃饭的15岁青少年缺课的可能性是其他人的两倍。根据share与逻辑主语15-year-lds之间是主动关系，可知此处要用现在分词形式。故填sharing。
6．考查非谓语动词。句意：哥伦比亚大学成瘾与药物滥用国家中心进行的另一项研究发现，每周与父母共进晚餐五次或五次以上的孩子，不太可能出现毒品和酗酒的问题。根据fund that可知此处要用非谓语动词，由cnduct与逻辑主语Anther study之间是被动关系，因此要用过去分词作定语。故填cnducted。
7．考查形容词的比较级。句意：哥伦比亚大学成瘾与药物滥用国家中心进行的另一项研究发现，每周与父母共进晚餐五次或五次以上的孩子，不太可能出现毒品和酗酒的问题。固定短语be likely t d“很有很可能做某事”，根据wh eat dinner with their parents five r mre times a week可知此处要用形容词的比较级，表示“不太可能”。故填less likely。
8．考查连词。句意：但是，尽管这些数字看起来令人印象深刻，但它们可能无关紧要。根据impressive和they seem可知此处是形容词放在句首的半倒装句，根据句意可知连词as / thugh“虽然，尽管”符合题意。填as / thugh。
9．考查介词。句意：毕竟，一起吃饭不仅仅是预防未来不幸的措施。根据future misfrtune可知此处要用介词against，表示“抵御，预防”。故填against。
10．考查代词。句意：通常情况下，正是在家庭聚餐中，家庭作为一个有机的整体，拥有共同的记忆、情感和抱负。根据is at the family meal that可知此处是一个强调句，被强调部分是at the family meal，因此要用代词it。故填it。
【点睛】第2小题考查了现在完成时。现在完成时结构：have/has+过去分词。主要用法有：
1、表示过去所发生的动作或事情对现在的影响或产生的结果，着眼点在现在。现在完成时时常与不确定的过去时间状语连用，表示“已发生”或“未发生”，如：yet，just，befre，recently，nce，lately，f late等；也同表示频度的时间状语连用，如：ften，ever，never，smetimes，twice，n several ccasins等；也同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用，如：nw，tday，this mrning，this mnth，this year等。但不能同特定的过去时间状语（in 1995，last year等）连用。例句：
He has lst his wallet.他的钱包丢了。
Why haven’t I seen yu all these mnths? 我怎么这么多月没看见你呢？
We’ve had t much rain this year.今年雨水太多。
2、表示一个从过去某个时间开始，延续到现在，并可能延续下去的动作。常同表示包括现在时间在内的一段时间的状语连用，如：s far，up t nw，since last year，fr a lng time，all my life，these few days等。例句：
He has wrked here fr ver twenty years. 他在这里工作已有20多年了。
Up t nw, we have received n news frm her. 到现在为止，我们没有从她那里收到任何消息。
(22-23高一下·上海交大附中·期末)
Directins: After reading the passages belw, fill in the blanks t make the passage cherent and grammatically crrect. Fr the blanks with a given wrd, fill in each blank with the prper frm f the given wrd; fr the ther blanks, use ne wrd that best fits each blank.
Big Tech nervus as Eurpe prepares t regulate AI
Eurpean lawmakers are putting the finishing tuches n a set f wide-ranging rules designed t gvern the use f artificial intelligence. If passed, thse rules wuld make the E.U. the first majr jurisdictin(司法管辖区域) utside f China 1 (pass) targeted AI regulatin. And tech cmpanies are lbbying(游说) hard amid the battle ver the scpe f the rules.
The E.U. Artificial Intelligence Act is likely t ban AI that ranks citizens 2 base) n their behavir and facial recgnitin in public. The rules culd set a glbal standard, as cmpanies may find it easier t bey E.U. rules in all cuntries, 3 t build different prducts fr different jurisdictins.
One f the act’s mst cntrversial pints is whether s-called general-purpse AIs—like ChatGPT— 4 be cnsidered high risk, and thus subject t the strictest rules. Lbbying 5 this pssibility are Big Tech cmpanies, including Ggle and OpenAI’s biggest investr Micrsft, which 6 (invest) billins f dllars int building general-purpse AIs and seek t benefit frm licensing them ut t smaller cmpanies. “Predicting all ptential risks” f general-purpse AIs wuld 7 be near impssible but als hld back innvatin, a letter t E.U. lawmakers c-signed by Micrsft in late 2022 says; instead, it recmmends, the new rules shuld place the regulatry burden n the ften smaller cmpanies 8 apply Big Tech’s AIs t specific risky use cases. 9 (categrize) general-purpse AI systems as “high risk” wuld be wrng, Ggle argued in a separate letter t E.U. regulatrs, and culd harm cnsumers and hld back innvatin in Eurpe.
A grup f prgressive pliticians and technlgists resist this idea, arguing that excluding 10 (pwerful) AI systems frm the new E.U. rules wuld be similar t passing scial media regulatin that didn’t apply t Facebk r TikTk.
【答案】
1．t pass 2．based 3．rather than 4．shuld 5．against 6．have invested 7．nt nly 8．that 9．Categrizing 10．the mst pwerful
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了欧盟对于人工智能的态度以及各方面的反应。
1．考查非谓语。句意：如果通过，这些规则将使欧盟成为中国以外第一个通过有针对性的人工智能监管的主要管辖区。分析句子结构可知，空格处为majr jurisdictin(司法管辖区域)的定语，因为majr jurisdictin有序数词the first(第一个)修饰，故其定语用pass(通过)的不定式形式。故答案为t pass。
2．考查非谓语。句意：欧盟《人工智能》法案可能会禁止根据公民的行为和公共场合的面部识别对其进行排名的人工智能。分析句子结构可知，ranks(排名)为句子的谓语，故空格处为非谓语。be based n(基于，以……为基础)为固定短语，此处省略be，用过去分词作状语，故答案为based。
3．考查固定短语。句意：相关法规会制定全球标准，而不是区域不同标准各异，因为在所有国家都能遵守欧盟的规定对公司而言更加简单。分析句子结构可知，空格前后做对比，结合句意“而不是”可知填rather than。
4．考查情态动词。句意：该法案最具争议的一点是，是否应该将所谓的通用人工智能(如chatgpt)视为高风险，从而受到最严格的规定。根据空后动词原形be可知，本空为情态动词，结合句意可知填shuld表示“应该”。故答案为shuld。
5．考查介词。句意：游说反对这种可能性的是大型科技公司，包括谷歌和开放人工智能的最大投资者微软，它们已投资数十亿美元构建通用人工智能，并寻求从将它们授权给较小的公司中获益。由下文“which __(invest) billins f dllars int building general-purpse AIs and seek t benefit frm licensing them ut t smaller cmpanies.(它们已投资数十亿美元构建通用人工智能，并寻求从将它们授权给较小的公司中获益)”可知，这种大型科技公司反对将所谓的通用人工智能(如chatgpt)视为高风险，从而受到最严格的规定，故结合句意可知填against表示“反对”。故答案为against。
6．考查时态。句意：游说反对这种可能性的是大型科技公司，包括谷歌和开放人工智能的最大投资者微软，它们已投资数十亿美元构建通用人工智能，并寻求从将它们授权给较小的公司中获益。分析句子结构可知，空前的which为定语从句引导词，修饰Big Tech cmpanies, including Ggle and Open AI’s biggest investr Micrsft，故本空为定语从句的谓语。结合句意可知这些公司已经资数十亿美元，且which代替复数名词，故句子用现在完成时形式have invested。故答案为have invested。
7．考查固定搭配。句意：微软在2022年底联合签署的一封致欧盟立法者的信函中表示，“预测通用人工智能的所有潜在风险”不仅几乎不可能，而且还会阻碍创新；相反，它建议，新规则应该将监管负担放在那些通常规模较小的公司身上，这些公司将大型科技公司的人工智能应用于特定的风险用例。由后文的“but als”可知，本空填“nt nly”，构成固定搭配nt als“不仅……而且……”。故答案为nt nly。
8．考查定语从句。句意：微软2022年底联合签署的一封致欧盟立法者的信中表示，“预测通用人工智能的所有潜在风险”不仅几乎不可能，而且还会阻碍创新；相反，它建议，新规则应该将监管负担放在那些通常规模较小的公司身上，这些公司将大型科技公司的人工智能应用于特定的风险用例。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰名词cmpanies(公司)，从句缺少主语，故应用that/which引导定语从句。故答案为that/which。
9．考查非谓语。句意：谷歌在给欧盟监管机构的另一封信函中表示，将通用人工智能系统归类为“高风险”是错误的，可能会伤害消费者，阻碍欧洲的创新。动词categrize意为“分类”。分析句子结构可知，wuld be为本句谓语，故本空为非谓语，_____(categrize) general-purpse AI systems as “high risk”为句子主语， 故填动名词形式Categrizing。故答案为Categrizing。
10．考查形容词最高级。句意：一群进步的政界人士和技术专家反对这一想法，他们认为，将最强大的人工智能系统排除在欧盟的新规定之外，将类似于通过不适用于Facebk或TikTk的社交媒体监管。结合句意可知，本空用形容词最高级the mst pwerful，作定语，修饰名词短语AI systems。故答案为the mst pwerful。