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2025年中考英语专项复习讲义专题21 句子成分和基本句型(清单+专练)(原卷版)
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这是一份2025年中考英语专项复习讲义专题21 句子成分和基本句型(清单+专练)(原卷版),共17页。试卷主要包含了常见的系动词,常用的可以接双宾语的及物动词,多个状语的排列顺序等内容,欢迎下载使用。
TOC \ "1-1" \h \u \l "_Tc12197" ★知识点1 句子成分 PAGEREF _Tc12197 \h 2
\l "_Tc31223" ★知识点2 基本句型 PAGEREF _Tc31223 \h 5
\l "_Tc5790" ★知识点3 考点和考法 PAGEREF _Tc5790 \h 9
\l "_Tc30534" ★专项过关训练题 PAGEREF _Tc30534 \h 11
★知识点1 句子成分
组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分,它可由单词、短语或句子充当。句子成分主要有主语、谓语、 宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语和同位语。 一个句子一般至少由主语和谓语组成。
助记口诀:
句子成分巧划分
主在前,谓在中间,宾语、状语后面赶。短语定语主宾后,形、代作定主宾前。间宾、直宾紧相依,t/fr来把直间连。宾补位于宾语后,地状常在时状前。
易错警示:
谓语有人称、数、 时态和语态的变化
谓语动词在人称和数上须和主语保持一致。例如:
Jim likes reading and she has read lts f bks and magazines.
吉姆的表妹喜欢读书,她已经读了很多书和杂志。
知识拓展:
一、常见的系动词
1.be动词:am、is、are、was、were
2.感官动词:lk、smell、taste、sund、feel
3 .表变化的词:becme、get、 grw、turn、g、fall等
4.表状态的词:keep、stay、seem、 remain等
二、常用的可以接双宾语的及物动词
give、shw、pass、send、tell、 bring、teach、lend、buy、make等可以接两个宾语,即“动词+间接宾语+直接宾语”,等同于“动词+直接宾语+t/fr+间接宾语”,例如:
I have bught yu this bike.=I have bught the bk fr yu. 我给你买了这辆自行车。
三、多个状语的排列顺序
1.陈述句和一般疑问句中,地点状语在前,时间状语在后;特殊疑问句中对时间和地点同时提问时,则用when and where,例如:
He arrived in Wuhan last night.他昨天晚上到达武汉。
Ana will arrive at Jiangbei Airprt the day after tmrrw。安娜娜后天到达江北机场。
2.时间或地点状语遵循“由小到大”的顺序排列。
时间状语:
I will meet yu in 2025, in July, n the 15th, n Wednesday, at 8 pm.
我将在2025年,7月,15日,周三,晚上8点与你见面。
地点状语:
She lived in a small village in the nrth.
她住在北方的一个小村庄里。
★知识点2 基本句型
一、简单句
只含有一个主谓结构并且句子各成分都只由单词或短语构成的独立句子或分句叫作简单句。简单句的基本句型如下:
二、存现句
1.存现句的句式
口诀助记:
there be有特点,主语放在be后面。就近原则是重点,单数is复数are。变否定很简单,be后要把nt添。变疑问也不难,把be提到there前。肯定句中用sme,否定句、疑问句用any。
2.存现句的时态(由连系动词be体现)
3. 存现句(there be句型)的用法
(1)遵循就近原则
如果存现句(there be句型)中有一个主语时 ,be动词必须和主语在人称和单复数上保持一致,即“主谓一致”。例如:
There are sme apples in the fridge.
冰箱里有些苹果。
There are sme flwers in the bttle.
瓶子里有一些花。
There is sme milk in the bttle.
瓶子里有一些牛奶。
There is much ice n the river.
河上有很多冰。
(2)如果存现句(there be句型)中有两个及以上并列主语时 ,be动词要和最靠近她的主语在人称和单复数上保持一致,即“就近原则”。例如:
There is a teacher's desk and frty students' desks in the classrm.
教室里有一张讲桌和40张学生的课桌。
There is a z and sme parks in ur city.
在我们的城市里有一个动物园和一些公园。
(3)there be+sb.+ding sth.(+地点/时间状语).表示“某地/某时又某人在做某事”。例如:
There is a girl reading in the classrm.
教室里有一个女孩正在看书。
(4)there be句型的常用句型:
①there is/was n use(in)ding sth.表示“做某事没有用”。
②there is/was n need(fr sb.)t d sth.表示“(对某人来说)做某事没必要”。
③there is/was n dubt that...表示“毫无疑问……”。
易混警示:
存现句there be与 have的用法区别:
(1)there be表示“某地有某物/某人”,句型强调位置关系、存在,不强调这个物品归谁所有。例如:
There is a new lab at the schl. 学校里有一个新实验室。
There is a ruler n the desk.桌子上有一把尺子。
(2)have表示“某人/某物拥有某物”,主语是人/物,强调所属关系。例如:
I have a new bike.我有一辆新自行车。
I have a ntebk.我有一个笔记本。
知识拓展:
中考英语中的句子结构分为:简单句、存现句、并列复合句、主从复合句。下面介绍并列复合句和主从复合句:
一、并列复合句
用并列连词把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成的句子叫作并列复合句,其基本结构是“简单句+并列连词+简单句”。并列复合句中的各简单句意义同等重要,相互之间没有从属关系,是平行的关系,它们之间用并列连词连接。
易错警示:
1.并列复合句有时可不用并列连接词连接,而用隔开(前后句之间的关系须相当紧密)。
Grandpa fished all day by the lake, did nt catch a single fish.
爷爷在湖边钓了一整天鱼,但一条鱼都没有钓到。
2.并列连词后面的简单句如果与前面的简单句有相同的部分,则相同的部分常可省略。
Lisa lives in her wn wrld and (Lisa) finds the real life is very bring.
丽萨生活在自己的世界里,觉得现实生活很无趣。
二、主从复合句
主从复合句是由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子。从句只用作句子的一个次要成分,不能独立成为一个句子。根据从句在句子中的作用,可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句。
(1)宾语从句
在主从复合句中充当宾语的从句叫作宾语从句。
He wanted t knw when we wuld have the English party.
他想知道我们什么时候举办英语聚会。
(2)定语从句
修饰名词、代词或整个句子,由关系词引导且在主从复合句中通常充当定语的从句叫作定语从句,通常放在被修饰词之后。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。引导定语从句的词叫关系词,关系词可分为关系代词(that、which、wh、whm、whse)和关系副词(when、where、why)。初中阶段学生能辨认出由关系代词that、which、wh引导的限制性定语从句,理解句意即可。
A dctr is a persn wh lks after peple's health.
医生是负责照管人们的健康状况的人。
(3)状语从句
在主从复合句中用作状语,起副词作用的从句叫作状语从句。状语从句由从属连词引导,根据其用途可分为时间状语从句、条件状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、让步状语从句、比较状语从句、地点状语从句等。
When I stpped my car,a dg came up t me.
当我停下车时,一只狗向我走来。
Put it where we can see it.
把它放在我们能看得见的地方。
★知识点3 考点和考法
考点1 简单句的基本句型
考查题型 单项选择
The sentence pattern f “She gave me a present yesterday.” is ________.
A.S+VB.S+V+OC.S+V+IO+DOD.S+V+P
【答案】C
【解析】句意:“She gave me a present yesterday.”这个句子结构是主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语。考查句子结构。S+V主+谓;S+V+O主+谓+宾;S+V+IO+DO主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语;S+语;me间接宾语;a present直接宾语。故选C。
步骤一:熟悉句子结构的简单句型,观察句子,判断谓语动词是及物动词还是不及物动词,不及物动词不能直接跟宾语,及物动词需要跟宾语。
步骤二:观察句子中的宾语是否为双宾语;判断句中是否有宾补,宾补是补充说明宾语特点和身份。根据简单句句型的各种形式,选出正确答案。
考点2 there be句型的时态和数
考查题型1 单项选择
—There ________ a science festival next mnth in ur schl.
—Really? I believe we can see sme interesting rbt shws.
A.is ging t have B.is ging t be C.are ging t be D.will have
【答案】B
【解析】句意:——下个月我们学校将举办科学节。——真的吗?我相信我们能看到一些有趣的机器人表演。考查there be句型的一般将来时。is ging t have将要有;is ging t be将会是;are ging t be将会是;will have将会有。根据mnth"可知应为一般将来时;根据"There.a science festival next mnth in ur schl."可知应为there be句型,表示“某地存在据空后"a science festival"为名词单数,谓语动词也应为单数;因此此处there be句型的一般将来时应为"there is ging t be"。
步骤一:根据标志词和语境判断时态,排除错误时态选项。
步骤二:根据主语及“就近原则”选择正确的数。
考查题型2 单句填空、语篇填空
There ________ (be) a little milk in the bttle.
【答案】is
【解析】句意:瓶子里有一点牛奶。考查there be句型,milk“牛奶”是不可数名词,因此be动词用is。故填is。
★专项过关训练题
题型一 单项选择
一、句子成分
(一)主语
1.(24-25九年级上·四川内江·期末)The Chngyang Festival is a day t respect the elders.
A.宾语B.谓语C.定语D.主语
2.(2024·四川内江·二模)It’s difficult fr me t finish the wrk in a week.
A.宾语B.表语C.状语D.主语
3.(2024·四川内江·一模)What t d next hasn’t been decided yet.
A.主语B.表语C.宾语D.宾语补足语
4.(2024·四川内江·三模)There isn’t much traffic n the rads in the mrning.
A.主语B.谓语C.宾语D.定语
5.(2023·四川内江·一模)There is n ne singing in the classrm.
A.表语B.主语C.宾语D.状语
(二)谓语
1.(2024·四川内江·二模)Students aren’t allwed t eat in the classrm.
A.谓语B.状语C.直宾D.宾补
2.(2024·四川内江·一模)Chris prmised that he wuldn’t be late fr the party.
A.表语B.谓语C.状语D.宾语
3.(2024·甘肃平凉·一模)Which part is the VERB f the fllwing sentence “I ften ride my bike t schl. ”?
A.“I”B.“ften”C.“ride”D.“my”
4.(23-24九年级上·黑龙江绥化·期末)We all knw that practice ________ perfect.
A.t makeB.makesC.making
5.The UN_________clrful activities n April 20 t celebrate Chinese Language Day.
A.heldB.missedC.kept
(三)表语
1.(2024·四川内江·二模)The girl with lng hair is tall and beautiful.
A.谓语B.状语C.表语D.宾语
2.(2024·四川内江·一模)Chinese medicine is becming mre and mre ppular in the wrld.
A.主语B.表语C.定语D.状语
3.(2024·四川内江·三模)Spring Restaurant is pen every day except Mnday.
A.定语B.补语C.状语D.表语
4.The sng frm Teens in Times sunds really _______. I like it very much.
A.beautifullyB.wellC.wnderfulD.excited
5.Which part is the ADJECTIVE (形容词) f the fllwing sentence “This made me feel wrried. ”?
A.“This”B.“made”C.“feel”D.“wrried”
(四)宾语
1.(2024·四川内江·二模)I fund my English bk yesterday.
A.宾语B.表语C.主语D.定语
2.(2024·四川内江·二模)Mary dislikes wearing her schl unifrm at schl.
A.宾语B.表语C.定语D.主语
3.(2024·四川内江·一模)The by regretted missing the wnderful ftball match.
A.宾语B.定语C.谓语D.表语
4.(2024·四川内江·三模)I hpe peple can read my bk and enjy it.
A.主语B.宾语C.谓语D.定语
5.This vlleyball must belng t ________.
A.hisB.sheC.KevinD.Carla’s
(五)宾语补足语
1.(2024·四川内江·一模)Sad mvies make me want t cry.
A.宾语补足语B.间接宾语C.直接宾语D.表语
2.(2023·四川内江·一模)The by ften drives his parents angry.
A.宾语补足语B.表语C.主语D.定语
3.(2022·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·一模)When Tm was yung, he didn’t like his lessns. His teacher thught ________. In fact, he read a lt f bks with the help f his parents.
A.he a bad byB.him a bad byC.him was a bad
4. Jack's mther taught me hw ________ Yunnan rice ndles last weekend.
A.t makeB.makingC.makeD.t making
5.Ben fund his neighbrhd in a mess after the rainstrm.
A.状语B.宾语补足语C.定语D.宾语
6.While I was walking alng the river, I saw sme fish ut f the water.
A.are jumpingB.jumpingC.jumpedD.t jump
(六)定语
1.(2024·四川内江·一模)He’s gt used t listening t music that is interesting when he feels nervus.
A.宾语B.表语C.定语D.主语
2.(2024·四川内江·一模)The electrnic prducts made in Japan are very ppular with yung peple .
A.谓语B.定语C.状语D.主语
3.(2024·黑龙江哈尔滨·一模)—Have yu heard f Liam Garner, a 19-year-ld by?
—Yes. He finished a ________ bike trip frm Alaska t Argentina.
A.32,000-kilmetersB.32,000 kilmetersC.32,000-kilmeter
4.(23-24九年级上·四川内江·期末)The gift which my mm sent t me has made me excited.
A.宾语B.谓语C.定语D.主语
5.(23-24八年级下·四川内江·期末)Lucy’s father is an engineer.
A.主语B.状语C.定语D.谓语
(七)状语
1.(24-25九年级上·四川内江·期末)Yu can learn Chinese by reading Chinese classics.
A.定语B.状语C.表语D.主语
2.(2024·四川内江·二模)Tm was ding his hmewrk carefully.
A.谓语B.状语C.主语D.宾语
(八)形容词作表语、状语
1.(2024·河北衡水·三模)He lked ________ at me and said, “Yu really lk ________ in such a dress.”
A.friendly, clB.cldly, badC.cld, badlyD.cldly, badly
2.(2024·四川内江·一模)It’s dangerus fr peple t use the mbile phnes while crssing the street.
A.宾语B.表语C.定语D.状语
3.(2024·四川内江·一模)Jessica ften vlunteers in the cmmunity when she is free.
A.定语B.表语C.宾语D.状语
二、基本句型
(一)主+谓
1.(2024·甘肃酒泉·二模)The sentence structure f “She is walking alng the lake.” is ________.
A.S+V+OB.S+VC.S+V+DO+OCD.S+V+P
2.(22-23八年级上·江苏扬州·期末)—What’s the structure f the sentence “It was snwing heavily at this time yesterday”?
—It is ________.
A.S+VB.S+V+PC.S+V+IO+DOD.S+V+IO+OC
3.(2022·甘肃酒泉·模拟预测)The sentence structure f “The children are playing n the playgrund” is ________.
A.S+VB.S+V+PC.S+V+DO+OCD.S+V+IO+DO
4.(2022·甘肃定西·模拟预测)The sentence pattern f “His mther is cking nw.” is ________.
A.S+V+PB.S+V+OC.S+V+O+OCD.S+V
5.What’s the sentence structure f “The bk sells well”?
A.S+VB.S+V+OC.S+V+PD.S+V+IO+DO
(二)主+系+表
1.(2024·江苏宿迁·三模)What is the sentence pattern f “The dish smells terrible”?
A.S+VB.S+V+OC.S+V+PD.S+V+O+OC
2.(2024·江苏南京·一模)Which f the fllwing sentences has the same structure as “Running is a gd way t exercise.”?
A.Peple wh run will have a healthier heart.
B.Running gives yu a chance t enjy views.
C.Yu can hear the wind blwing while running.
D.Starting an exercising habit sunds wnderful.
3.(2024·四川内江·一模)The fd in Sichuan tastes delicius.
A.宾语B.表语C.定语D.状语
4.(2023·甘肃武威·模拟预测)What is the sentence pattern f “The little by lks s smart.” ?
A.S+VB.S+V+OC.S+V+O+OCD.S+V+P
5.(2022·甘肃武威·三模)Which f the fllwing is RIGHT?
A.Yur picture is very nice.B.The little girl is crying s sad.
C.We can ask peple nt eat shark fin sup.D.I jin the Hiking Club tw mnths ag.
(三)主+谓+宾
1.The structure f the sentence “The students visited the museum” is _______.
A.S+VB.S+V+DO
C.S+V+IO+DOD.S+V+DO+OC
2.(24-25九年级上·甘肃武威·期末)Which f the fllwing has the same sentence structure as “Peple have sweet memries f summer days.”?
A.All the birds fly far away.
B.Farmers are busy wrking in the fields.
C.Warm and sunny days make peple very happy.
D.Peple enjy the cl wind n summer afternns.
“Peple have sweet memries f summer days.”是主谓宾结构,与选项D结构相同。故选D。
3.(23-24九年级上·甘肃定西·期末)The sentence pattern f “I really lve English.” is ________.
A.S+VB.S+V+PC.S+V+OD.S+V+IO+DO
(四)主+谓+宾+宾
1.(23-24九年级上·四川内江·期末)Tm bught his grandparents a beautiful huse.
A.主语B.定语C.间接宾语D.直接宾语
2.(2024·四川内江·三模)Can yu give me sme suggestins?
A.直接宾语B.间接宾语C.形式主语D.真正主语
3.(2024·甘肃武威·三模)The sentence pattern f “She gave me a present yesterday.” is ________.
A.S+VB.S+V+OC.S+V+IO+DOD.S+V+P
(五)主+谓+宾+宾补
1.(24-25九年级上·山东聊城·开学考试)Which f the fllwing is the same as “I saw him reading a bk.” in structure (结构)?
A.Yu have a very nice sister.B.He likes playing the pian.
C.They are gd at math.D.We call her Ms Liu.
2.(23-24八年级上·江苏无锡·期末)Which f the fllwing has the same sentence structure as “Snw makes children feel excited.”?
A.The grund becmes white.
B.Children make a snwman tgether.
C.Snw brings children lts f fun.
D.Yu can see children play happily.
3.(23-24九年级上·甘肃天水·期末)Which is the sentences pattern f “We shuld keep ur schl clean and tidy.”?
A.S+V+OB.S+V+1O+DOC.S+VD.S+V+O+OC
4. 4.(23-24八年级上·江苏盐城·期末)The sentence structure (结构) f “Eddie is watching Hb wrk.” is ________.
A.S+V+DOB.S+V+PC.S+V+DO+OCD.S+V+IO+DO
5.(22-23八年级上·江苏宿迁·期末)—Mary, culd yu tell me the structure f the sentence “The gd news made me happy.”?
—OK. It’s ________.
A.S+V+PB.S+V+DO+IOC.S+V+DOD.S+V+DO+OC
(六)存现句/There be 句型
1.(2024·四川内江·一模)There is a pst ffice acrss frm the park.
A.表语B.主语C.宾语D.定语
2.(2024·陕西西安·三模)There ________ a number f sprts events in ur schl next mnth. We can’t wait ________ them.
A.will have; t seeB.will be; t seeC.will have; seeingD.will be; seeing
3.(2024·海南省直辖县级单位·一模)There ________ mre students in ur schl next term.
A.will haveB.is ging t haveC.will be
4.There ______ sme ld huses near my schl last year.
A.isB.areC.wasD.were
5.Culd yu tell me hw many clurs ________ in a rainbw?
A.are thereB.there areC.they areD.are they
题型二 单句填空
一、句子成分
(一)主语
1.W breaks the schl rules will be punished.
2.W _______ breaks the schl rules will be punished.
(二)谓语
1.(2025·上海黄浦·一模)My parents me t stay calm in stressful situatins and t think befre acting. (advice)
2.(24-25九年级上·山东泰安·期末)The new huse c him much mney s he started ding part-time wrk.
3.(2023·江苏无锡·二模)It’s reprted that a deep breath ften (help) when yu feel stressed.
(三)宾语
I dn’t knw t (谁) I shuld write when I have prblems.
(四)宾语补足语
The bys all think it (tire) t have a basketball match right nw.
(五)宾语补足语
1.(2023·新疆乌鲁木齐·模拟预测)Let’s r mney fr thse hmeless children.
2. Culd yu please give me a h ?
3. Culd yu leave me in (安静)? Yu knw, I’ve gt lts f wrk t d.
4.(23-24八年级下·黑龙江佳木斯·期中)Uncle Tm watched sea waves (rise) and falling all day lng in silence.
5.The bys all think it (tire) t have a basketball match right nw.
(六)定语
1.(2022·江苏连云港·三模)—Dad, must we wait until the light becmes green?
—Yes, I’m afraid we have t. That’s the (交通) rule.
2.My father is ging t take a flight t Beijing n business. (直达的)
(七)状语
1.(2024·江苏无锡·一模)Friends are really imprtant. N ne can live (cmplete) withut thers.
2.(23-24九年级上·上海杨浦·期末)During the turist seasn, the peple in the htel were frm ther cuntries. (main)
二、基本句型
(—)主+系+表
(2023·江苏苏州·二模)The students w afraid t see snakes any mre after they went t the museum.
(二)存现句/There be 句型
1.There is a student c between the library and the gym.
2.There (be) a sprts meeting next Friday.
3.There (be) a little milk in the bttle.
4. a bird in the tree five minutes ag. (用there be的适当形式填空)
5. 15 members in the chess club last year. (用there be的适当形式填空)
6.There (be) a pen and tw pencils n the table.
7.—Hw many flrs in yur apartment?
—There are seven.
8. sme milk in the glass. (用There be的适当形式填空)
9.If there (be) fewer trees, there ( may be) mre pllutin.
10. There ________ (be) a number f wrkers in the hall yesterday.
题型三 语篇填空
(2023山西中考真题节选)There 2. nt any tests t measure hw kind yu are t yur friends, r hw much yu lve t draw. The peple wh mark (评分) the tests dn't knw hw helpful yu are t yur Mm and Dad, r hw caring yu are when playing with/against thers in the playgrund. They dn't knw hw bravely yu share yur weekend stries with yur friends, r yur perfrmance in sprts, music and art. Besides, these tests will nt measure hw much yu have imprved n smething r hw much yu lve a certain subject. There is n test fr these things!
句子成分
位置
作用
组成部分
示例
主语
陈述句,一般放在句首,有时在特殊句型中也可放在句末
句子中动作、行为、性质或者状态的主体,句子谈论的主题
由名词、代词、数词、动名词、不定式(短语)等充当
Hpe is what keeps us ging in difficult times.
希望是在困难时期支撑我们前行的力量。
Nbdy can help yu except yurself.
只有你才能帮助你自己。
T becme a teacher is my wish.
成为一名教师是我的心愿。
谓语
陈述句,一般放在主语之后
对主语动作、行为或状态进行陈述或说明
由具有动词性质的单词或短语充当,在人称和数上必须和主语保持一致
The by is listening t English news.
这个男孩正在听英语新闻。
It takes time.
它需要时间。
宾语
一般放在及物动词或介词后面
表示动作、行为的对象
由名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语等来充当
We study English.
我们学英语。
I have a vlleyball.
我有一个排球。
表语
表语位于系动词之后
说明主语的身份、特征、性质或状态
由名词、数词、代词、形容词、副词、动词不定式(短语)、介词短语、分词、动名词和从句等充当
Envirnmental pllutin frm cars has becme a big prblem.
环境污染已经成了一个大问题。
It’s five dllars.
5美元。
Cme t see me tmrrw when I am at wrk.
明天我上班的时候来见我。
My wish is t becme a pianist.
我的愿望就是成为一名钢琴家。
定语
放在所修饰的词之前或之后
定语是修饰名词或代词的句子成分
由名词、名词所有格、形容词、数词、代词、动词不定式(短语)、分词、介词短语、副词和从句等来充当
I had a gd time in the park.
我在公园里玩得很开心。
The teacher divided the students int fur grups.
这个老师把这些学生分成了四组。
My brther ges t wrk by bus.
我哥哥乘公共汽车去上班。
状语
位置灵活:一般放在句末,也可以放在句首或句中
状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或句子,可以表示时间、地点、 原因、结果、条件、目的、方式等
由副词、副词短语、介词短语、动词不定式(短语)和从句等充当
She eats breakfast at six ’clck.
她在六点钟吃早餐。
She didn't wrk hard s that she failed in the exam.
她没有努力学习,所以她这次考试没及格。
宾语补
足语
一般置于宾语后
宾语补足语用来补充说明宾语的意义、状态等,与宾语一起构成复合宾语。
可作宾语补足语的有名词、形容词、介词短语、动词不定式(短语)、分词和副词等。
We must keep the classrm clean every day.
我们必须每天保持教室干净。
My mther asked me t wash the clthes.
我妈妈让我去洗衣服。
同位语
同位语一般谓语被说明的词之后
对于句子中某一成分做进一步说明、解释,与其所修饰、限定、说明的名词或代词在语法上处在同等地位
由名词、代词、数词或从句等来充当
We Chinese are prud f ur histry.
我们中国人为我们的历史感到自豪。
We tw will g t see yu.
我们两个人将去看你。
独立
成分
一般位于句首。称呼语作独立成分,可位于句首、句中或句尾
与句子没有语法关系,独立于句子之外
包括感叹词、称呼语、插入语
Hi,everyne!Allw me t intrduce myself, please.
嗨,大家好!请允许我介绍一下我自己。
Hurry up,friends,r we’ll be late.
快点,朋友们,否则我们会迟到的。
句型结构
用法
例句
主+谓
(S+V)
该句型中,谓语动词为不及物动词,能表达完整的意思。不及物动词后不能直接跟宾语,有时表示动作发生的频率、程度、时间、地点等,可接状语进行修饰
The bus is cming.
公共汽车来了。
主+谓+宾
(S+V+O)
该句型中,谓语动词为及物动词,须跟宾语(动作的承受者),句子意义才能表达完整
Tm bught a new bk.
汤姆买了本新书。
主+系+表 (S+V+P)
该句型中,谓语动词为连系动词,不能表达完整的意思。连系动词后可直接跟名词、代词或形容词作表语
I feel tired.
我感觉累了。
主+谓+间宾+直宾
(S+Vt+IO+DO)
该句型中,谓语动词需要跟两个宾语才能表达完整的意思,俗称双宾语。常见的跟双宾语的动词有buy、pass、lend、give、teach、shw、bring、ffer等
Miss White teaches us English.
White小姐教我们英语。
主+谓+宾+宾补
(S+Vt+O+OC)
该句型共有两种作用:①说明宾语的特点、身份等;②过感官知道宾语做了某事或让宾 语去完成某个动作
I take my sister t practice basketball.
我带着我的妹妹去练习篮球。
There+be+主语
(+地点/时间状语)
该句型为存现句,表示“某地或某时有某人或某物”。there在此结构中没有实际意义,句中的be 动词和后面所跟的名词在“数”方面保持一致。
There is a by beside the tree.
树旁边有一个男孩。
句式
结构
例句
肯定句
There be+主语(+地点/时间状语).
There is a big park acrss frm the supermarket.
在超市对面有一个大公园。
否定句
There be+nt/n+主语(+地点/时间状语).
There isn't any meat in the fridge.
冰箱里没有肉了。
一般疑问句
Be+there+主语(+点/时间状语)?
—Are there many peple here n vacatin? 这儿有很多人在度假吗?
—Yes,there are.是的,有。/—N,there aren't.不,没有。
特殊疑问句
特殊疑问词+主语+be+there(+地点/时间状语)?
Hw many students are there in the class?
班上有多少名学生?
There is a new cmputer n the desk.
桌子上有一台新的电脑。
时态
句型
例句
一般现在时
There is/are...
I believe that there are many ways t shw ur lve.
我相信有很多方式来表达我们的爱。
一般过去时
There was/were...
There was heavy rain utside yesterday.
昨天外面下大雨。
一般将来时
There will There is/are ging t be...
There will be a play shw n Saturday.
周六将有一场话剧表演。
现在完成时
There have/has been...
Scientists think that there has been life n the earth fr hundreds
f millins f years.
科学家们认为地球上已有生命存在数亿年了。
含情态动词
There+情态动词+be...
There may be sme new clthes n sale in the shp nw.
现在商店可能有一些新衣服在特价出售。
关系
常见连词
例句
并列
and;;
nt als...;
They fight a lt,and I really dn't like it.
他们经常吵架,并且我真的不喜欢这样。
转折
but;while;yet
He is ld but he is in gd health.
他虽然年纪大了,但是身体很好。
选择
r;;
Either yu'll succeed,r yu'll learn frm yur failure.
要么你将成功,要么你将从你的失败中吸取经验。
因果
s;fr
The shps were clsed, s I didn't get the clthes.
商店都关门了,所以我没买到衣服。
The days were shrt, fr it was nw December.
白天很短,因为现在是十二月。
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