备战高考英语（核心考点精讲精练）考点02 冠词（原卷版）

这是一份备战高考英语（核心考点精讲精练）考点02 冠词（原卷版），共10页。试卷主要包含了 高考真题考点分布， 命题规律及备考策略，表示某种身份、职业、地位、国籍，不定冠词常用在一些固定搭配中等内容，欢迎下载使用。
1. 高考真题考点分布
2. 命题规律及备考策略
【命题规律】
近3年新高考卷对于冠词的考查共计11次，主要考查：
① 冠词的泛指、特指
② 冠词在形容词和副词比较等级前的用法
③ 冠词的固定搭配
④ a 和an的区别
【备考策略】
复习冠词须把握好以下三个原则：
①单数可数名词用不定冠词a/an表示泛指；
②复数可数名词及不可数名词表示泛指时，其前不加冠词；
③无论可数名词还是不可数名词，表示特指时，其前都要加定冠词the。
【命题预测】
2025年语法填空高考仍然会以考查冠词的基本用法和习惯搭配为主，以语篇型语法填空形式出现，它可能把冠词的各种用法如结合名词、形容词等一起进行考查。
必备基础知识：
冠词是置于名词前并限定名词意义的虚词。英语中的冠词只有定冠词和不定冠词两种，其中定冠词只有the这一种形式，不定冠词只有a和an这两种形式。名词前若不用冠词时，又称作零冠词。不定冠词之所以冠以“不定”两字，就是因为它的主要特点就是“不确定”或“泛指”；定冠词之所以冠以“定”字，就是因为它的主要特点是“确指”或“特指”。
考点一 不定冠词
1.不定冠词有a和an 两种形式。a用在以辅音音素开头的名词前，an用在以元音音素开头的词前。
In a university，a Eurpean and a ne-eyed man walked alng a ne-way rad with a useful tl. This is a usual thing.
在一所大学里，一个欧洲人和一个一只眼的人拿着一件有用的工具沿着一条单行道走着。这是一件平常之事。
An hur ag，an hnest man accepted an unusual gift and went t finish an hnrable task.
一小时前，一个诚实的人接受了一件非同寻常的礼物，去完成一项光荣的任务。
2.不定冠词a/an用在单数可数名词前表示泛指，泛指某一人或某一物。
The ＂Chinese Dream＂ is a dream t imprve peple’s well-being and a dream f harmny，peace and develpment.＂中国梦＂是一个改善民生的梦，是一个和谐、和平和发展的梦。
3.表示某种身份、职业、地位、国籍。
When the Ashleys tried t make her return，Mumbet cnsulted a lawyer，Thedre Sedgewick.
当 Ashleys一家试图让她回来时，Mumbet咨询了一个叫西奥多·塞奇威克的律师。
4.用在人名或时间名词前表示不确定的某个人或某个时间；用在人名前还可表示与某人有类似性质的人。
—Excuse me，is there a Mr Tailr living in the neighbrhd？There is a parcel fr him.
—Srry，but there is n such persn here.
——劳驾，这个居民点住着一位名叫Tailr的先生吗？这里有他的包裹。
——对不起，这儿没有这么一个人。
5.不定冠词用在序数词前不表示排序，而表示＂再一，又一＂。
She didn’t like the clr f the tw bags and asked fr a third ne.她不喜欢这两个包的颜色，又要了一个。
6.表示单位时间内的频度，含有＂每＂的概念。
The medicine is t be taken three times a day.
这药每天吃三次。
7.具有动作意义的名词在与have，take，make等构成短语表示一种短暂性的动作时，前面要加不定冠词。如：take a lk看一看；have a try试一试。
Yu had better g t the factry and have a lk.
你最好到厂里去看一看。
8.不定冠词常用在一些固定搭配中。如：a waste f浪费……；all f a sudden突然地；as a rule通常。
It hit me all f a sudden that I had frgtten her birthday.我突然想起，我把她的生日给忘了。
泛指首提为最多，有时表示某“一个”；
物质抽象表“一场”，s加形容再跟“a”；
可数名词为“一类”，序数词前“又一个”；
quite等词常放后，固定短语须琢磨。
1.【2024·新课标Ⅰ卷】Further, the Silk Rute Garden arund the greenhuse ____60walks___ (walk) visitrs thrugh a jurney influenced by the ancient Silk Rad, by which silk as well as many plant species came t Britain fr ____61____ first time.
2.（2022·全国甲卷）___64___ friend f his, Wu Fan, vlunteered t be his cmpanin during the trip.
1.【2024届湖南省长沙市长郡中学、浙江省杭州二中、江苏省南京师大附中三校联考高三下学期模拟】As Kh puts 35it , these tw cuisines ffer different flavrs. Sichuan Cuisine is characterized by the use f Sichuan peppercrns (花椒粒), which prvide 36 unique numbing feeling.
2.【2024届广东省广州市天河区高三下学期三模】Accrding t 2 225-year-ld frm Shanghai, establishing this grup was just a spur-f-the-mment decisin, 3and she didn’t invest much time in managing it afterwards.
3.【2024届东北三省四校高三下学期第四次模拟】Hrse-drawn charits were cmmn in ancient China, but a sheep-drawn charit is 14 extremely rare find.
考点二 定冠词
1.用在名词前表示特指。
—Did yu enjy yurself yesterday?
—Yes，as yu knw，the party went n in a pleasant atmsphere.
——你昨天玩得开心吗？
——是的，正如你所知，晚会是在愉快的气氛中进行的。
2.用在世界上独一无二的人或物、自然现象、发明物之前。
D yu knw wh invented the telephne?
你知道是谁发明了电话吗？
3.用在序数词、比较级(两者相比较，表示特指的时候)和最高级前。
D yu knw which stry is the mre interesting f the tw？你认为这两个故事中哪个更有趣？
4.用于集合名词、物质名词和某些专有名词前。
Marc Pl is said t have sailed n the Pacific Ocean n his way t Java in the thirteenth century.(2013·陕西)
据说在十三世纪马可·波罗去爪哇岛途中曾航行经过太平洋。
5.定冠词the和形容词、过去分词连用，表示一类人或事物。
Many f the injured are still in danger.
许多受伤者仍处于危险中。
6.用在表示计量的名词前如by the hur，by the dzen等，但若名词为抽象名词则不加冠词如by weight，by height等。
—It’s said Jhn will be in a jb paying ver $ 60，000 a year.
—Right，he will als get paid by the week.
——据说约翰将拥有一份年收入超过60 000美元的工作。
——是的，而且会按周获得报酬。
7.定冠词the用在表示姓氏的复数名词前，表示全家人或夫妻俩。
The Whites settled dwn in Canada last year.
去年怀特一家在加拿大定居。
8.用在方位名词和西洋乐器名词前。
the east 东部 play the pian 弹钢琴
【2024年浙江卷1月】Then, when yu use ne sectin, ____44____ ther stays fresh.
【方法指导】
特指双方都熟悉，上文已经被提及
世上无二仅独一，序数词和最高级。
山河海岛建筑物，姓氏复数奏乐器。
少数形表人一类，方位名词须牢记。
普构专有惯用词，试用此诀有效率。
1.【2024届浙江省北斗星盟高三下学期5月阶段性考试】It is ften time-cnsuming t travel by car r bus in a cuntry 21 size f China. Cnsequently, high speed trains make gd sense.
2.【2024届辽宁省重点高中协作校联考高三下学期4月高考模拟】Prcelain is the creative fruit f 8 wrking peple f ancient China.
考点三 零冠词
1.不可数名词、复数名词表泛指，用零冠词。
Teachers are badly needed in the remte districts.
偏远地区非常需要教师。
2.称呼语及表示独一无二的头衔、职务的名词作表语、补足语或同位语时，不加冠词。
Dr. Peter Spence，headmaster f the schl，tld us，＂A fifth f pupils here g n t study at Oxfrd and Cambridge.＂
这所学校的校长Peter Spence博士告诉我们，这里五分之一的学生将继续到牛津或剑桥大学深造。
3.月、季、星期、节假、洲前；三餐、球类、惯用语前；学科、棋类名词前，用零冠词。
A year can be divided int fur seasns — spring，summer，autumn and winter.
一年可以分为四季——春、夏、秋、冬。
4.n与such连用时应放在such之前，such后的名词不用冠词。
There is n such thing as a free lunch in the wrld.
天下没有免费的午餐。
5.在turn(变成)作表语的名词前不用冠词，但becme后的可数名词作表语时前要加冠词。
He became a dctr while his brther turned teacher.
他成了一名医生而他弟弟当了教师。
名词复数泛指人，冠词用法是个零。
专有、物质、抽象名，泛指时候冠不行。
含有day的节假日，不用冠词莫忘记。
季节月份星期几，不用冠词有道理。
三餐饭和打球前，不用冠词理当然。
名词前边已有代，不用冠词也无碍。
固定词组多注意，用与不用小心记。
称呼头衔不用冠，总共八条切莫乱。
考点四 书面表达中冠词易错点聚焦
1. 不定冠词位置
不定冠词常位于名词或名词修饰语前。注意：
a. 位于下列形容词之后： such，what，many，half，
I have never seen such an animal.
Many a man is fit fr the jb.
b. 当名词前的形容词被副词as, s, t, hw, hwever, enugh修饰时，不定冠词应放在形容词之后：
It is as pleasant a day as I have ever spent.
S shrt a time.
T lng a distance.
c. quite，rather与单数名词连用，冠词放在其后。
但当rather，quite 前仍有形容词，不定冠词放其前后均可。如：quite a lt
d. 在as，thugh 引导的让步状语从句中，当标语为形容词修饰的名词时，不定冠词放形容词后：
Brave a man thugh he is，he trembles at the sight f snakes. 他尽管勇敢，可见到蛇还是发抖。
当名词被比较级形容词修饰时，不定冠词通常置于比较级形容词之后。
2.定冠词位置
定冠词通常位于名词或名词修饰语前，但放在all， bth，duble，half，twice，three times等词之后，名词之前。
All the students in the class went ut.班里的所有学生都出去了。
学习冠词的难点
一、在特殊情况下混用a和an
关于a和an的一般区别，同学们可能比较清楚，也不易搞错，但是对于数字和字母前用该用不定冠词a还是an，则是许多考生可能忽略的问题。如：
They have an 8-year-ld daughter. 他们有一个8岁大的女儿。(数字8在英语中读音与eight同，故其前用an，不用a;类似地，我们要说an 11-year-ld child，不能说a 11-year-ld by。)
Our daughter sent us an SOS fr sme mre mney. 我们的女儿给我们发来了再要点钱的求救信号。(字母s的读音为[es]，它的第一个音为元音，故其前要用an。)
二、＂星期＂名词前冠词的使用问题
表示＂星期＂的名词(如Mnday, Tuesday, Wednesday等)一般不与冠词连用，但有时为了表示＂特指＂可以带定冠词;若表示不确定的＂某一个＂，其前可用不定冠词。如：
＂When can I have my birthday party?＂ ＂On the Saturday nearest t it.＂ ＂我的生日庆祝会在哪天举行?＂＂就在离你生日最近的那个星期六吧。＂
Christmas Day falls n a Mnday. 今年的圣诞节是星期一。
Yu wn’t catch me wrking n a Sunday! 你绝对见不到我在星期日工作!
He never pens up shp n a Sunday. 星期日他的商店从不营业。
We had a card frm her n the Friday after she gt back.
在她回去后的那个星期五我们收到了她的明信片。
＂When can I have my birthday party?＂ ＂On the Saturday nearest t it.＂
＂我的生日庆祝会能在哪天举行?＂＂在离你生日最近的那个星期六吧。＂
三、＂三餐饭＂前冠词的使用问题
一般说来，表示一日三餐的 breakfast, lunch, supper前不用冠词。如：
Breakfast is served until 9 a.m. 早餐一直供应到上午9点。
Can yu manage lunch n Tuesday? 你星期二能来吃午饭吗?
但是，若要特指某一顿早餐、中餐或晚餐，则可在其前加定冠词。如：
The supper is well cked. 晚饭做得很好。
Thank yu fr the breakfast. 谢谢你的这顿早餐。
另外，若 breakfast, lunch, supper 受到描绘性定语的修饰，则其前通常要用不定冠词。如：
We make a gd breakfast befre leaving. 我们动身前好好吃顿早饭。
I’ve gt ut f the habit f having a cked breakfast. 我已不再保持早餐吃热食的习惯。
After a quick breakfast, he hurried t the statin. 匆匆忙忙吃完早餐，他就赶到车站去了。
We were well primed fr the jurney with a large breakfast. 为了去旅行, 我们早餐都吃得饱饱的。
（最新模拟试题演练）
1.【2024届黑龙江省部分学校高三下学期第五次模拟】Speaking that the riginal nvel cnsisting f 20 ttal f 3 chapters, Wng said it lacks a cherent (连贯的) stryline.
2.【2024届湖北省新高考协作体高三下学期三模联考】Huangya tfu is 27 must-try lcal dish when yu visit, as it is exclusively made and sld in Huangya.
3.【2024届福建省南平市建阳区福建省南平市建阳区高三预测绝密卷模拟】 With 28 help frm lcal farmers and VMart Pilipin Stre in Nttingham, he credited his successful pie 29t lts f planning and a willingness t lean int the prcess.
4.【四川省成都市成实外教育联盟2023-2024学年高三下学期联考】This represents tw fundamentally ppsite frces in 35 universe: light and dark, male and female, ht and cld.
5.【2024届山东省日照市高三下学期二模】TCM views the bdy as 65 universe cnnected with nature.
6.【2024届湖南省永州市高三下学期第三次模拟】
Its terraced fields fllw 3 landfrm f the muntains, at heights ranging frm 300 t 1,200 meters abve sea level.
7.【2024届四川省泸州市高三下学期三模】“Only when I take the needle ut and tuch the silk thread, I feel 21 fully (full)cmfrtable,” says Zu Yingzi, an inheritr f Su embridery(刺绣), an ancient craft that riginates frm the garden city f Suzhu in Jiangsu prvince. The day befre the interview, 22 53-year-ld wman wrked mre than 10 hurs, until late int the night, n a large piece f Su embridery.
8.【2024届河南省开封市高三下学期三模】The precise lcatins f the shipwrecks and the assciated cultural relics 36 were determined (determine) thrugh the use f ceangraphic technlgy and underwater investigatins invlving manned submersibles, which cnducted 41 dives thrughut the year, as cnfirmed by Sng Jianzhng, 37 researcher at the Natinal Center fr Archaelgy.
9.【2024届内蒙古自治区赤峰市赤峰市三模】The discvery demnstrates the Hngshan peple made sacrifices t wish fr 44 better harvest.
10.【2024届四川省绵阳市高三下学期第三次诊断性考试】 The new building, with 56 ttal investment f 1.06 billin yuan, cvers an exhibitin area f 22,000 square meters.
11.【2024届湖北省高三下学期新高考三模】Fr Chinese cmmunities in Australia, Mid-Autumn Festival celebratin is 71 imprtant part f their life.
12.【2024届安徽省合肥市高三下学期二模】 Thanks t Huang and his team’s effrts, China made 10 significant breakthrugh in deep earth explratin.
【2024届河南省百所名校二轮复习联考】The film Petry tells an inspiratinal stry f a yung 1 (cnstruct) wrker called Hailu wh dreams f becming a pet and lands a jb at a petry magazine named Caiwei.
Hwever, just as he begins t make an impact, the editr-in-chief is diagnsed with a serius illness. The weight f saving the magazine falls nt Hailu’s shulders. The challenge is 2 (verwhelm), but Hailu faces it psitively and saves the magazine 3 (eventual).
The film has received critical acclaim (好评), 4 (win) Best Picture at China’s Wushan Gddess Art Film Festival in early April. It has been listed 5 ne f the key prmtin films f ne f China’s natinal film verseas prmtin centers.
Thugh Petry 6 (film) in 2020 under a very limited budget, Ning Jingwu, the directr f Petry and his crew insisted n finishing the film, hping t inspire mre peple 7 (read) and write petry.
The film’s Chinese name Caiwei takes its name frm 8 pem in Shijing, r The Bk f Sngs, the earliest cllectin f pems in China. The film als qutes a large number f pems, sme f 9 are suggestins prvided by sme petry and drama rganizatins and sme were selected by the crew due t the meaning these wrks 10 (hld) fr them during the sht.
【2024年】
【2024·新课标Ⅰ卷】Further, the Silk Rute Garden arund the greenhuse ____60_walks___ (walk) visitrs thrugh a jurney influenced by the ancient Silk Rad, by which silk as well as many plant species came t Britain fr ____61____ first time.
【2023年】
1.【2023年全国乙卷】Mm was sure same clr wuld lk great n her.
2.【2023年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】Nt the pandas, even thugh ___39___ language used fr the medical training instructins is actually English.
3.【2023年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】The meat shuld be fresh with ____43____ tuch f sweetness and the sup ht, clear and delicius.
4.【2023年全国甲卷】In the evening, when I take the walk in the schl garden, the singing f insects becme mre meaningful t me.
【2022年】
1.【2022新高考I卷】Cvering an area abut three times __________ size f Yellwstne Natinal Park, the GPNP will be ne f the first natinal parks in the cuntry.
2．【2022全国甲卷】____________ friend f his, Wu Fan, vlunteered t be his cmpanin during the trip.
3.【2022全国乙卷】T celebrate ___________ festival, a number f events tk place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing n Thursday.
4.【2022年浙江 1月】Cbb, fr her party, started t ask cnference rganizers wh invited her t speak if she culd d s remtely; abut three-quarters f ___________ time, they agreed.
【2022新高考二卷】___57___ Brwn family live in an apartment building utside Trnt.
【2021年】
1.【2021新高考1卷 】While yu're in China, Munt Huangshan is 10 must t visit!
2.【2021.6全国甲卷】It tk us abut 3 hurs t g all 8 way arund the Xi'an City Wall.
3.【2021.6全国乙卷】Due t 5 grwing ppularity f envirnmentally-related and adventure travel, varius types f trips are nw being classified as ecturism. Actually, a true ec-friendly trip must meet the fllwing principles:
4.【2021.6 浙江卷】. 9 Linclns enlarged the huse t a full tw stries in 1856 t meet the needs f their grwing family.
考点
题型
冠词
语法填空
年份
试卷类型
考点
考向
2024
2024·新课标I卷
____61the____ first time.
定冠词
2024·新课标II卷
/
2024·全国乙卷
2024·全国甲卷
/
2024·年浙江1月
___44the____ ther stays fresh
定冠词
2023
2023·新课标I卷
__63_a___ tuch f sweetness
不定冠词
2023·新课标II卷
语法填空___69 the___ language
定冠词
2023·全国乙卷
/
2023·全国甲卷
/
2023·年浙江1月
65 the culture f grassrts Beijingers
定冠词
2022
2022·新课标I卷
____the______ size f Yellwstne Natinal Park
定冠词
2022·新课标II卷
__The67___ Brwn family
定冠词
2022·全国乙卷
T celebrate _____the____ festival
定冠词
2022·全国甲卷
_____A____ friend f his
不定冠词
2022·年浙江6月
t shw art t ___39the___ blind
定冠词
2022·年浙江1月
____the_____ time
定冠词