河南省部分学校2024-2025学年高二下学期4月质量检测 (1)英语试卷（解析版）

这是一份河南省部分学校2024-2025学年高二下学期4月质量检测 (1)英语试卷（解析版），共21页。试卷主要包含了5分，满分37等内容，欢迎下载使用。
第一部分 听力(略)
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
The traditinal Chinese lunar calendar divides the year int 24 slar terms. Majr Heat is the 12th slar term, during which, mst parts f China enter the httest seasn f the year. Here are sme things related t it.
A seasn f harvesting and planting
During Majr Heat, the sunshine, high temperatures, and heavy rainfall are gd fr agricultural crps. But like Minr Heat, many natural disasters such as flds, drughts and typhns als happen during Majr Heat. Therefre, it’s imprtant t harvest and plant in time t avid setbacks caused by natural disasters.
Sending the Majr Heat ship
It is a flk traditin spanning hundreds f years in Taizhu, Zhejiang prvince. The ship is filled with varius animals fr sacrifice (祭献) such as pigs, sheep, chicken, fish, and shrimps. Mre than 50 fishermen take turns carrying the ship as they march thrugh the streets. Drums are played and firewrks are lit. Bth sides f the street are filled with peple praying fr blessings. After a series f ceremnies, the ship is pulled ut f the fishing prt and burned at sea.
Cricket fighting
Majr Heat is a seasn with the largest number f crickets (蟋蟀) that can be fund in the fields alng the cuntryside. Cricket fighting is a ppular pastime fr sme peple in China during this perid. The custm dates back ver 1,000 years t the Tang Dynasty (AD 618-907).
Eating pineapples/Drinking muttn sup
There is a saying in Taiwan prvince which ges, “eating pineapples in Majr Heat”. During the perid, pineapple tastes best.
There is a custm in suthern Shandng prvince where peple drink muttn sup n the day. Many peple g t lcal restaurants t drink muttn sup, which is called “summer muttn sup”.
1. What is the purpse f the traditinal activity in Taizhu?
A. T pray fr blessings.B. T shw lcal cuisine.
C. T rganise firewrks display.D. T hld a new ship departure ceremny.
2. What is the unique traditin f Majr Heat in suthern Shandng?
A. Cricket fighting.B. Eating pineapples.
C. Drinking muttn sup.D. Harvesting and planting.
3. Where is the text prbably taken frm?
A. A histry textbk.B. A jurney diary.
C. A culture magazine.D. A travel advertisement.
【答案】1. A 2. C 3. C
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文，介绍了中国传统农历二十四节气中的大暑，包括大暑期间的农事活动、一些地方的传统习俗，如浙江台州送大暑船、中国部分地区斗蟋蟀、台湾省吃凤梨以及山东南部喝羊肉汤等。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章“Sending the Majr Heat ship”部分中“Bth sides f the street are filled with peple praying fr blessings. After a series f ceremnies, the ship is pulled ut f the fishing prt and burned at sea(街道两旁站满了祈求祝福的人。经过一系列仪式后，船被拖出渔港，在海上焚烧)”可知，浙江台州送大暑船这一传统活动的目的是祈求祝福。故选A项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“There is a custm in suthern Shandng prvince where peple drink muttn sup n the day. Many peple g t lcal restaurants t drink muttn sup, which is called “summer muttn sup”(在山东南部有一个习俗，人们在大暑这天喝羊肉汤。许多人会去当地餐馆喝羊肉汤，这被称为“伏羊汤”)”可知，山东南部在大暑时独特的传统是喝羊肉汤。故选C项。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“The traditinal Chinese lunar calendar divides the year int 24 slar terms. Majr Heat is the 12th slar term, during which, mst parts f China enter the httest seasn f the year. Here are sme things related t it.( 传统的中国农历将一年分为24个节气。大暑是第12个节气，在此期间，中国大部分地区进入一年中最热的季节。以下是一些与之相关的事情)”以及第三段“Sending the Majr Heat ship”部分“Bth sides f the street are filled with peple praying fr blessings. After a series f ceremnies, the ship is pulled ut f the fishing prt and burned at sea(街道两旁站满了祈求祝福的人。经过一系列仪式后，船被拖出渔港，在海上焚烧)”、最后一段“There is a custm in suthern Shandng prvince where peple drink muttn sup n the day. Many peple g t lcal restaurants t drink muttn sup, which is called “summer muttn sup”(在山东南部有一个习俗，人们在大暑这天喝羊肉汤。许多人会去当地餐馆喝羊肉汤，这被称为“伏羊汤”)”可知，文章主要介绍了中国传统节气大暑的相关知识，包括农事活动以及各地与之相关的传统习俗。文章介绍的节气习俗等内容属于文化范畴，很有可能出自文化杂志。故选C项。
B
Many artists take inspiratin frm their travels, but Benjamin Sack fund a unique way t make his way arund the wrld. Fr the past decade, artist Benjamin Sack has been navigating the glbe in an uncnventinal studi — a Hlland American cruise ship (游轮). This platfrm enables him t dig int glbal architectural designs, which he then masterfully integrates int detailed pen drawings.
Sack first apprached Hlland America — a cmpany knwn fr its rund-the-wrld cruises — after he finished university. He prpsed a unique idea: an “artist residency” where he’d give drawing classes and lectures t passengers n art related t the prts f call. He als ffered t create a large map-style drawing t be in memry f the vyage. Nw, he’s affectinately knwn as King Neptune’s (海神的) curt artist.
Sack’s shipbard studi ffers sweeping, ever-changing views that inspire his wrk. At each jurney’s end, he presents a final drawing t passengers and crew, catching the essence f their travels. On the ship, Sack interacts with a variety f peple, bridging the gap between passengers and crew. This unique advantage enriches his artistic perspective, similar t hw art bridges scietal gaps n land.
His drawings catch architectural wnders like Flrence’s Dum, similar t M. C. Escher’s attractive lithgraphs (平板画). Sack sees architecture as music slidified, each structure a character in a grand symphny f mvement and frm.
Adventure is Sack’s cnstant cmpanin, with mnths at sea weaving int his large, detail-rich wrks. Frm Himeji Castle’s majesty t Singapre’s Marina Bay mdernity, his pieces mirrr the glbe’s architectural wnders.
“On land, the drawings are fixed t the studi. On the ship, the studi travels,” Sack thinks. His artwrks literally grasp the essence f the vyage, with the ship’s gentle rcking deeply influencing each line. Thrugh his staterm windw, sunsets and sunrises frm varius time znes adrn (装饰) his drawings, making each year’s wrk richer than the last. “It’s magic!” he says.
4. What is unique abut Sack’s “artist residency” n the Hlland American cruise ship?
A. He nly ffers drawing classes t passengers.
B. He gives lectures accrding t where the ship arrives.
C. He specially draws scenes frm African cities.
D. He creates advertising materials fr the cruise line.
5. What can be inferred abut Benjamin Sack’s view n architecture?
A. He believes it shuld be unifrm and cnsistent wrldwide.
B. He thinks it shuld mirrr scietal structures and divisins.
C. He sees it as a frm f frzen music with its wn character.
D. He fcuses entirely n mdern architectural designs in his artwrk.
6. Hw des Sack’s shipbard studi influence his artwrk?
A. It limits the size f his drawings due t lack f space.
B. It expses him t a limited variety f architectural styles.
C. It restricts him t using black and white clurs in his artwrks.
D. It allws him t integrate real-time sea mtins int his artwrks.
7. Which f the fllwing best summarizes the main idea f the text?
A. Hw challenging it is t becme an artist at sea.
B. An artist drawing his incredible adventures abard a cruise ship.
C. Hw travelling inspires artistic creatin in Benjamin Sack.
D. The relatinship between architecture and Sack’s artwrk.
【答案】4. B 5. C 6. D 7. B
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了艺术家Benjamin Sack如何在一艘环球游轮上设立了他的移动工作室，并利用这个平台来捕捉全球建筑的精髓。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“He prpsed a unique idea: an “artist residency” where he’d give drawing classes and lectures t passengers n art related t the prts f call.(他提出了一个独特的想法：一个“艺术家驻地”，在那里他会给乘客上绘画课，并给他们讲与停靠港口有关的艺术)”可知，Sack的艺术家驻地根据所停靠的港口而给旅客们提供相关的课程和讲座。故选B。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“Sack sees architecture as music slidified, each structure a character in a grand symphny f mvement and frm.(萨克视建筑为凝固的音乐，每一个结构都是乐章和形式的交响乐中的一个角色)”可知，本杰明·萨克认为建筑是一种有自己特色的凝固音乐。故选C。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“His artwrks literally grasp the essence f the vyage, with the ship’s gentle rcking deeply influencing each line.(他的作品从字面上抓住了航行的本质，船的温柔摇晃深深地影响着每一条线)”可知，萨克的船上工作室使他能够将实时的海洋运动融入他的艺术作品中。故选D。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“Fr the past decade, artist Benjamin Sack has been navigating the glbe in an uncnventinal studi — a Hlland American cruise ship (游轮). This platfrm enables him t dig int glbal architectural designs, which he then masterfully integrates int detailed pen drawings.(在过去的十年里，艺术家本杰明·萨克一直在一间非传统的工作室里环游世界——一艘荷美游轮。这个平台使他能够深入研究全球的建筑设计，然后将其巧妙地融入到详细的笔画中)”以及整篇文章主要介绍了Benjamin Sack作为King Neptune’s curt artist在荷美邮轮上的艺术家生活、工作方式以及他的作品和创作灵感来源，因此是对这位艺术家的一个概述。即文章的主要思想是一位艺术家在游轮上描绘他不可思议的冒险经历。故选B。
C
They are six-legged, hairy hme invaders (侵略者) that will nt die, n matter hw hard yu try.
Cckraches (蟑螂) are experts at surviving indrs. But they did nt start ut that way.
A recent study uses genetics t examine cckraches’ spread acrss the wrld, frm beginnings in sutheast Asia t Eurpe and beynd. The findings cver thusands f years f cckrach histry and suggest the pests may have spread acrss the wrld by getting a ride with anther species: peple.
Researchers studied the genes f ver 280 cckraches frm 17 cuntries and six cntinents. They cnfirmed that the German cckrach — a species fund wrldwide—has its beginnings in sutheast Asia. The creature likely evlved frm the Asian cckrach arund 2,100 years ag. Scientists have lng suspected the German cckrach’s Asian beginnings since similar species still live there. The research appeared recently in the publicatin Prceedings f the Natinal Academy f Sciences.
The cckraches then spread arund the wrld n tw majr paths. They travelled west t the Middle East abut 1,200 years ag, perhaps living in sldiers’ fd strage cntainers. And they may have gtten n Dutch and British East India Cmpany trade ships t get t Eurpe abut 270 years ag, the scientists’ findings suggest.
Once the creatures arrived in Eurpe, inventins like the steam engine and indr plumbing (管路系统) likely helped the insects travel further and get used t living indrs, where they are mst cmmnly fund tday.
Researchers said explring hw cckraches adjusted t past envirnments may lead t better pest cntrl. Mdern-day cckraches are tugh t keep away because they evlve quickly t resist pesticides (杀虫剂), said the study’s writer Qian Tang f Harvard University.
8. What main methd was applied in the recent study n cckraches?
A. Cllecting samples widely.B. Referring t large amunts f data.
C. Cnducting physical bservatin.D. Perfrming genetic analysis and cmparisn.
9. Where des the German cckrach riginate frm?
A. India.B. Sutheast Asia.C. Dutch and Britain.D. The Middle East.
10. What allwed cckraches t spread rapidly after they reached Eurpe?
A. Frequent wars.B. Clse business dealings.
C. The unique climate f Eurpe.D. The develpment f the Industrial Revlutin.
11. What is the authr’s purpse in writing the last paragraph?
A. T reveal the significance f this study.
B. T emphasize the harmfulness f cckraches.
C. T prvide mre cmmn sense abut cckraches.
D. T remind peple the struggle against cckraches is cmplex.
【答案】8. D 9. B 10. D 11. A
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了对蟑螂的新的研究。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“A recent study uses genetics t examine cckraches’ spread acrss the wrld, frm beginnings in sutheast Asia t Eurpe and beynd.(最近的一项研究利用遗传学研究了蟑螂在世界各地的传播，从东南亚到欧洲及其他地区)”和第四段“Researchers studied the genes f ver 280 cckraches frm 17 cuntries and six cntinents.(研究人员研究了来自6大洲17个国家的280多只蟑螂的基因)”可知运用基因技术进行研究。故选D。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“They cnfirmed that the German cckrach — a species fund wrldwide—has its beginnings in sutheast Asia.(他们证实，德国蟑螂——一种在世界各地都有发现的物种——起源于东南亚)”可知，德国蟑螂起源于东南亚。故选B。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Once the creatures arrived in Eurpe, inventins like the steam engine and indr plumbing (管路系统) likely helped the insects travel further and get used t living indrs, where they are mst cmmnly fund tday.(一旦这些生物到达欧洲，像蒸汽机和室内管道这样的发明很可能帮助这些昆虫走得更远，并习惯了在室内生活，它们今天在室内最常见)”可知工业革命蒸汽机的发明帮助这些昆虫旅行得更远，加速其传播。故选D。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Researchers said explring hw cckraches adjusted t past envirnments may lead t better pest cntrl. Mdern-day cckraches are tugh t keep away because they evlve quickly t resist pesticides (杀虫剂), said the study’s writer Qian Tang f Harvard University.(研究人员表示，探索蟑螂如何适应过去的环境可能会更好地控制害虫。该研究的作者、哈佛大学的钱唐说，现代蟑螂很难被赶走，因为它们进化得很快，能够抵抗杀虫剂)”可知新的研究发现有利于更好地控制蟑螂，本段是为了揭示这个研究的意义。故选A。
D
Fr future humans t survive lng perids n Mars, grwing fd n the planet is a must.
It wuld be t cstly and risky t rely upn rcket deliveries t meet the fd needs f clnists. With this in mind, scientists are explring ways t imprve space farming.
At Wageningen University and Research in the Netherlands, researchers wrk in a cntrlled greenhuse. They have identified a way that culd imprve crp prductin in factitius Martian sil, with different crps grwn tgether. The methd is called “intercrpping”, first invented by ancient Maya farmers in what is nw Central America. In their experiments, the researchers grew cherry tmates, peas and carrts tgether in small, rund cntainers.
Tmates grwn in this way prduced abut duble the amunt f tmates grwn alne in the same Martian sil. The tmates were als bigger. They flwered and matured earlier, gave mre fruit per plant and had thicker stems (茎). The quantity f peas and carrts did nt increase with intercrpping.
The crps were grwn in Martian reglith, a sil with n rganic matter. Created by researchers frm the American space agency NASA, it is a near-perfect physical and chemical match t real Martian sil.
Fr nw, human bases n Mars are nly seen in mvies. But NASA, fr example, is develping ways t send peple t Mars in the 2030s. Intercrpping invlves grwing plants with prperties that culd help each ther grw. The methd makes the best use f resurces including water and nutrients.
The researchers said the tmat plants in intercrpping may have benefited frm being clse t the pea plants. That is because the peas are gd at turning nitrgen (氮) frm the air, with the help f bacteria intrduced int the sil, int an imprtant nutrient. The carrts prduced fewer crps frm intercrpping and the peas had n change. This was prbably due t lack f light.
Overall, the tmates, peas and carrts grew well, thugh nt as well as in Earth sil in the same greenhuse.
12. What des the underlined wrd “factitius” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A. Man-made.B. Lng-standing.C. Well-knwn.D. Hard-wn.
13. Why may tmates grw well amng the three plants?
A. Because f the rle f peas plants in intercrpping.
B. Because f the sil rich in rganic cmpnents.
C. Because f their adaptatin t the envirnment.
D. Because f their little need fr sunlight.
14. What is the authr’s attitude twards the results f this experiment?
A. Dubtful.B. Negative.C. Reserved.D. Optimistic.
15. Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A. Des Life Exist n Mars?
B. The Upcming Jurney t Mars
C. New Ways Are Explred t Imprve Space Agriculture n Mars
D. Intercrpping: a Traditinal Agricultural Crpping Pattern
【答案】12. A 13. A 14. D 15. C
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了科学家为了让未来人类能在火星上长期生存，在荷兰瓦赫宁根大学研究在人造火星土壤中通过间作的方法种植农作物，以提高太空农业产量的相关情况。
【12题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第五段“The crps were grwn in Martian reglith, a sil with n rganic matter. Created by researchers frm the American space agency NASA, it is a near - perfect physical and chemical match t real Martian sil.(这些作物是在火星风化层中种植的，这是一种没有有机物质的土壤。它是由美国宇航局的研究人员创造的，它的物理和化学成分与真正的火星土壤几乎完美匹配)” 可推知，研究人员是在人造的火星土壤中进行实验，所以 “factitius” 意思是 “人造的”。选项 A（人造的）符合题意，故选 A。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第七段“The researchers said the tmat plants in intercrpping may have benefited frm being clse t the pea plants. That is because the peas are gd at turning nitrgen (氮) frm the air, with the help f bacteria intrduced int the sil, int an imprtant nutrient.(研究人员说，间作中的番茄植株可能受益于靠近豌豆植株。这是因为在土壤中引入的细菌的帮助下，豌豆善于将空气中的氮转化为一种重要的营养物质)” 可知，番茄在三种植物中长得好是因为豌豆在间作中的作用。故选 A。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段 “Overall, the tmates, peas and carrts grew well, thugh nt as well as in Earth sil in the same greenhuse.(总的来说，西红柿、豌豆和胡萝卜长得很好，尽管不如在同一温室的地球土壤中长得好)” 可推知，作者认为实验结果是积极的，对其持乐观态度。故选 D。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章内容，尤其是第二段“With this in mind, scientists are explring ways t imprve space farming.(考虑到这一点，科学家们正在探索改善太空农业的方法)” 可知，文章主要讲的是探索在火星上改善太空农业的新方法。选项 C“探索在火星上改善太空农业的新方法”为短文的最佳标题。故选 C。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Managing Cnflict with Humur
Humur is a pwerful tl. It brings peple clser, managing cnflict, and reducing tensin. ____16____
Make sure yu’re bth in n the jke. Humur can help yu vercme cnflict nly when bth parties are in n the jke. S it’s imprtant t be sensitive t the ther persn. ____17____ When the jking is ne-sided rather than mutual (相互的), it can damage the relatinship.
Dn’t use humur t cver up ther emtins. Humur helps yu face challenges in life. But there are times when humur is nt healthy. Fr example, smetimes it is used as a cver fr aviding painful emtins. ____18____ When yu d that, yu create cnfusin and mistrust in yur relatinships.
____19____ Sme find it easier than thers t use humur, especially in tense situatins. If yur effrts aren’t ging ver well, start by using self-deprecating (自嘲的) humur. We all lve peple wh dn’t take themselves t seriusly. After all, nbdy is perfect and we all make mistakes. S, if yu’re having a bad hair day, make a jke abut it. Even if the jke falls flat, the nly persn yu risk ffending is yurself.
Tap int (发掘) yur playful side. ____20____ Hwever, it’s imprtant t pint ut that yu dn’t need t be a cmedian t use humur t manage cnflict. The pint isn’t t impress the ther persn, but simply t lighten the md. Therefre, dn’t be afraid t simply act silly like a kid. It can lwer the ther persn’s defenses and put yu bth in a mre psitive state f mind.
A. Stp humur if faced with truble.
B. Develp a smart sense f humur.
C. It is easy t understand sme jkes.
D. It’s understandable t fear rejectin when attempting humur.
E. Yu can be funny abut the truth, but hiding the truth isn’t funny.
F. Here’s hw t use humur t reslve disagreements and strengthen yur relatinships.
G. If he r she isn’t likely t appreciate the jke, dn’t say r d it, even if it’s “all in gd fun”.
【答案】16. F 17. G 18. E 19. B 20. D
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是如何运用幽默来解决冲突和加强人际关系。
【16题详解】
空前“Humur is a pwerful tl. It brings peple clser, managing cnflict, and reducing tensin.(幽默是一种强大的工具。它使人们更亲近，管理冲突，减少紧张)”说明了幽默可以管理冲突，减少紧张，空格处应该说要如何用幽默来处理冲突，F选项“Here’s hw t use humur t reslve disagreements and strengthen yur relatinships.(下面是如何用幽默来解决分歧和加强你们的关系。)”说明了接下来要讲如何用幽默来处理分歧，承上启下，符合语境，故选F。
【17题详解】
空前“Make sure yu’re bth in n the jke. Humur can help yu vercme cnflict nly when bth parties are in n the jke. S it’s imprtant t be sensitive t the ther persn.(要确保对方能理解你的笑话。只有当双方都能理解笑话时，幽默才能帮助你化解冲突。因此，对他人保持敏感很重要)”说明了要确保对方能理解你的笑话，要对他人保持敏感，看看他们对你说的笑话是什么反应，G选项“If he r she isn’t likely t appreciate the jke, dn’t say r d it, even if it’s “all in gd fun”.(如果他或她不太可能欣赏这个笑话，不要说或做，即使这是“好玩的”。)”说明了如果对方不喜欢这个笑话，那就不要讲了，和上文的“对他人敏感”相承接，故选G。
【18题详解】
空前“Fr example, smetimes it is used as a cver fr aviding painful emtins.(例如，有时它被用作避免痛苦情绪的掩护)”说明了幽默有时被用作避免痛苦情绪的掩护，空后“When yu d that, yu create cnfusin and mistrust in yur relatinships.(当你这样做的时候，你会在你们的关系中制造混乱和不信任)”说明了如果像空格处所说的那么做，就会造成混乱，说明空格处所说的做法不好，E选项“Yu can be funny abut the truth, but hiding the truth isn’t funny.(你可以拿事实开玩笑，但隐瞒事实就不好笑了。)”说明了隐瞒事实不好，承上启下，符合语境，故选E。
【19题详解】
空格处是本段主旨句，由空后“Sme find it easier than thers t use humur, especially in tense situatins. If yur effrts aren’t ging ver well, start by using self-deprecating (自嘲的) humur. We all lve peple wh dn’t take themselves t seriusly. After all, nbdy is perfect and we all make mistakes. S, if yu’re having a bad hair day, make a jke abut it. Even if the jke falls flat, the nly persn yu risk ffending is yurself.(对有些人来说，使用幽默比其他人更容易，尤其是在紧张的情况下。如果你的努力没有取得好效果，那就从使用自嘲式幽默开始。我们都喜欢那些不把自己太当回事的人。毕竟，没有人是完美的，我们都会犯错。所以，如果你今天发型很糟，那就开个玩笑吧。即使这个笑话效果平平，你唯一可能冒犯的人就是你自己)”可知，本段主要讲的是要培养幽默感，B选项“Develp a smart sense f humur.(培养聪明的幽默感。)”说明了要培养幽默感，概括了本段主要内容，可作为本段主旨句，故选B。
【20题详解】
空后“Hwever, it’s imprtant t pint ut that yu dn’t need t be a cmedian t use humur t manage cnflict.(不过，重要的是要指出，你不需要成为一名喜剧演员才能用幽默来化解冲突)”中的Hwever表转折，说明你可能会觉得自己讲的笑话不好，可能别人不会喜欢，D选项“It’s understandable t fear rejectin when attempting humur.(在尝试幽默时害怕被拒绝是可以理解的。)”说明了在尝试使用幽默的时候害怕被拒绝是可以理解的，和空后的“你不需要成为一名喜剧演员才能用幽默来化解冲突”相呼应，因此符合语境，故选D。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
By the time she turned 18, Khadijah Williams had attended twelve schls. She had lived in shelters, in parks, and in mtels, never in a permanent (长久的) residence fr mre than a few mnths. She culdn’t fit int schls and had endured being ____21____ by students at a dzen schls wh labeled her as “____22____”.
____23____ since early childhd, Khadijah struggled all her life t hide her ____24____ frm teachers and fellw students. Hwever, academics prved t be a way fr her t find ____25____ in herself again. Fr instance, at the age f 9, she was ____26____ in the 99th percentile n a state exam, and her teacher tld her she was “____27____”. Frm that mment frward, Khadijah ____28____ t d whatever it tk t keep herself in that categry.
By the secnd year f high schl, she ____29____ that she culd nt succeed in getting the ____30____ she dreamed f withut getting help t g beynd what her current schl culd ffer. She talked t teachers wh ____31____ her apply t summer cmmunity cllege classes and schlarships. And in 11th grade, when she ____32____ at Jeffersn High Schl, she decided t cmplete the rest f her high schl career there—a decisin that ____33____ taking a bus each mrning at 4 a. m. and nt getting hme until 11 p. m.
Her perseverance and hard wrk ____34____. When she pured the stry f her life int her Harvard University cllege applicatin, she was ____35____ sn.
21. A. turned dwnB. picked upC. lked afterD. laughed at
22. A. differentB. nrmalC. nbleD. reliable
23. A. HmelessB. HnestC. SelflessD. Cmfrtable
24. A. ambitinsB. clthesC. circumstancesD. magazines
25. A. peaceB. cnfidenceC. strengthD. beauty
26. A. placedB. annuncedC. challengedD. treated
27. A. rganizedB. experiencedC. determinedD. gifted
28. A. affrdedB. decidedC. cntinuedD. prmised
29. A. admittedB. annuncedC. recgnizedD. remarked
30. A. ccupatinB. educatinC. reputatinD. cnditin
31. A. watchedB. heardC. feltD. helped
32. A. registeredB. pintedC. cheatedD. aimed
33. A. avidedB. meantC. stppedD. pstpned
34. A. gave awayB. brke dwnC. paid ffD. std ut
35. A. recmmendedB. prmtedC. acceptedD. emplyed
【答案】21. D 22. A 23. A 24. C 25. B 26. A 27. D 28. B 29. C 30. B 31. D 32. A 33. B 34. C 35. C
【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了从小无家可归的Khadijah Williams通过自己的辛苦努力，最终被哈佛大学录取的故事。
【21题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：她无法融入学校，忍受着被十几所学校的学生嘲笑，他们给她贴上“异类”的标签。A. turned dwn拒绝；B. picked up捡起；C. lked after照顾；D. laughed at嘲笑。根据后文“by students at a dzen schls wh labeled her”可知，学生给她贴标签，推测她在学校被欺负，被嘲笑。故选D。
【22题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她无法融入学校，忍受着被十几所学校的学生嘲笑，他们给她贴上“异类”的标签。A. different不同的；B. nrmal正常的；C. nble高尚的；D. reliable可靠的。根据上文“She culdn’t fit int schls”可知，因为无法融入学校被贴上“异类”的标签。故选A。
【23题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Khadijah从小就无家可归，她一生都在努力向老师和同学隐瞒她的情况。A. Hmeless无家可归的；B. Hnest诚实的；C. Selfless无私的；D. Cmfrtable舒适的。根据上文“By the time she turned 18, Khadijah Williams had attended twelve schls. She had lived in shelters, in parks, and in mtels, never in a permanent residence fr mre than a few mnths.(到18岁时，Khadijah Williams已经上过12所学校。她住过收容所、公园和汽车旅馆，从来没有在一个固定住所住过几个月)”可知，Khadijah从小就无家可归，故选A。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Khadijah从小就无家可归，她一生都在努力向老师和同学隐瞒她的情况。A. ambitins抱负；B. clthes衣服；C. circumstances情况，环境；D. magazines杂志。根据上文“By the time she turned 18, Khadijah Williams had attended twelve schls. She had lived in shelters, in parks, and in mtels, never in a permanent residence fr mre than a few mnths.(到18岁时，Khadijah Williams已经上过12所学校。她住过收容所、公园和汽车旅馆，从来没有在一个固定住所住过几个月)”可知，Khadijah从小无家可归，因此指她一生都在努力向老师和同学隐瞒她的情况。故选C。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，学习证明是她重新找回自信的一种方式。A. peace和平；B. cnfidence自信；C. strength力量；D. beauty美丽。根据后文“in the 99th percentile n a state exam”可知，她学习很好，学习证明是她重新找回自信的一种方式。故选B。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：例如，在9岁时，她在一次州考试中排名第99位，她的老师告诉她她“有天赋”。A. placed放置；B. annunced宣布；C. challenged挑战；D. treated对待。根据后文“in the 99th percentile n a state exam”指在考试中排名99，be placed in表示“名列”。故选A。
【27题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：例如，在9岁时，她在一次州考试中排名第99位，她的老师告诉她她“有天赋”。A. rganized有组织的；B. experienced有经验的；C. determined坚定的；D. gifted有天赋的。根据上文“in the 99th percentile n a state exam”可知，成绩优异，老师告诉她她“有天赋”。故选D。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：从那一刻起，Khadijah决定不惜一切代价保持自己的地位。A. affrded买得起；B. decided决定；C. cntinued继续；D. prmised承诺。根据后文“t d whatever it tk t keep herself in that categry”以及“at Jeffersn High Schl, she decided t cmplete the rest f her high schl career”指Khadijah决定保持自己的地位，此处为短语decide t d sth.表示“决定做某事”。故选B。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：到高中二年级时，她意识到，如果没有得到学校所能提供的帮助，她就无法成功地接受她梦寐以求的教育。A. admitted承认；B. annunced宣布；C. recgnized认可；D. remarked评论。根据后文“she culd nt succeed in getting the…she dreamed f withut getting help t g beynd what her current schl culd ffer”指她意识到自己需要学校提供帮助，故选C。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：到高中二年级时，她意识到，如果没有得到学校所能提供的帮助，她就无法成功地接受她梦寐以求的教育。A. ccupatin职业；B. educatin教育；C. reputatin名誉；D. cnditin条件。根据后文“what her current schl culd ffer”可知，她需要学校提供帮助来帮助她完成学业。故选B。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她与帮助她申请暑期社区大学课程和奖学金的老师交谈。A. watched观看；B. heard听见；C. felt感觉；D. helped帮助。根据后文“her apply t summer cmmunity cllege classes and schlarships”可知，老师帮助过她申请暑期社区大学课程和奖学金，故选D。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：11年级时，当她在杰斐逊高中注册时，她决定在那里完成她的高中生涯——这个决定意味着每天早上4点坐公共汽车，直到晚上11点才回家。A. registered注册；B. pinted指着；C. cheated欺骗；D. aimed旨在。根据后文“at Jeffersn High Schl, she decided t cmplete the rest f her high schl career there”可知，要在杰斐逊高中完成高中生涯，需要先注册。故选A。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：11年级时，当她在杰斐逊高中注册时，她决定在那里完成她的高中生涯——这个决定意味着每天早上4点坐公共汽车，直到晚上11点才回家。A. avided避免；B. meant意味着；C. stpped停止；D. pstpned推迟。根据后文“taking a bus each mrning at 4 a. m. and nt getting hme until 11 p. m.”可知，在杰斐逊高中完成高中意味着每天要花很长时间往返学校和家。故选B。
【34题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：她的毅力和辛勤工作得到了回报。A. gave away赠送；B. brke dwn出故障；C. paid ff取得回报；D. std ut突出。根据后文“When she pured the stry f her life int her Harvard University cllege applicatin”被哈佛大学录取，说明得到了回报。故选C。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当她把自己的生活故事写进哈佛大学的申请中时，她很快就被录取了。A. recmmended建议；B. prmted促进；C. accepted接受，录取；D. emplyed雇用。根据上文“Her perseverance and hard wrk”提到努力得到了回报，推测申请被录取了，故选C。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Scientists believe there culd be life n the planet Venus (金星), r at least in the cluds abve it. They have discvered a mysterius gas there, but they have nt been able t prvide an explanatin fr it. This gas, which is cmmnly fund ____36____ there is life, can als ____37____ (prduce) in factries. Hwever, there are n factries n Venus. S why is this gas there, 50 ____38____ (kilmetre) up frm the planet’s surface?
Prf. Jane Greaves frm Cardiff University, UK, tgether with ther scientists, is trying t slve this mystery ____39____ present. They have published ____40____ paper utlining their findings and dne sme wrk t determine the gas desn’t riginate frm life. Despite their effrts, they have nt yet reached a ____41____ (cnclude).
N ne has yet been able t say hw the gas can be there withut living things t create it. “I have devted my entire career t ____42____ (search) fr extraterrestrial (地球外的) life,” said Prf. Greaves, “s the idea that we might have fund a sign f life n Venus is exciting. But we are encuraging thers t cntribute their ideas and help ____43____ (we) identify what we may have missed.”
The scientists are als investigating the pssibility that the gas culd be a byprduct f gelgical prcesses, but further research is needed ____44____ (cnfirm) this. Althugh the mystery _____45_____ (remain) unslved, the discvery f this gas has sparked renewed interest in the search fr extraterrestrial life.
【答案】36. where 37. be prduced 38. kilmetres 39. at 40. a 41. cnclusin 42. searching 43. us 44. t cnfirm 45. remains
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家在金星或其云层中发现了神秘气体，这种气体通常与生命相关。英国卡迪夫大学简·格雷夫斯教授等科学家正研究此谜，已排除气体源自生命的可能性，但尚未得出结论。
【36题详解】
考查状语从句。句意：这种气体通常存在于有生命的地方，也可以在工厂里产生。引导地点状语从句，表示“……的地方”用where。故填where。
【37题详解】
考查被动语态。句意同上。This gas和prduce为被动关系，需用被动语态，位于情态动词can后面，使用动词原形。故填be prduced。
【38题详解】
考查名词复数。句意：那么为什么这些气体会在离地表50千米的地方呢？根据上文50可知kilmetre用复数形式。故填kilmetres。
【39题详解】
考查介词。句意：目前，英国卡迪夫大学的简·格里夫斯教授和其他科学家正在试图解开这个谜团。at present意为“目前”。故填at。
【40题详解】
考查冠词。句意：他们发表了一篇论文，概述了他们的发现，并做了一些工作来确定这些气体不是来自生命。此处paper为泛指，且是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。
【41题详解】
考查名词。句意：尽管他们作出了努力，但仍未得出结论。reach a cnclusin意为“得出结论”。故填cnclusin。
【42题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：“我的整个职业生涯都致力于寻找外星生命，”格里夫斯教授说，“所以我们可能在金星上发现了生命迹象的想法令人兴奋。”devte…t…意为“致力于”，t后面接动词的-ing作宾语。故填searching。
【43题详解】
考查代词。句意：但我们也鼓励其他人提出他们的想法，帮助我们找出我们可能遗漏的地方。动词help后面用we的宾格形式us。故填us。
【44题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：科学家们也在调查这种气体是地质过程的副产品的可能性，但还需要进一步的研究来证实这一点。此处cnfirm用动词不定式作目的状语。故填t cnfirm。
【45题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：尽管这个谜团仍未解开，但这种气体的发现重新激起了人们对寻找外星生命的兴趣。从句陈述事实用一般现在时，主语the mystery为单数，谓语用三单形式。故填remains。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 假定你是李华。你的外国网友Oliver最近和你分享一个预防校园欺凌(bullying)的视频并询问你周边的情况。请你回复一封邮件，内容包括：
1．你的感想；
2．你校的防范措施。
注意：
1．写作词数应为80个左右；
2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Oliver,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs sincerely,
Li Hua
【参考范文】
Dear Oliver,
The shrt vide yu shared is shcking. It seems that campus bullying ccurs frequently and brings great shadws t the victims. We shuld firmly ppse and actively prevent it.
The phenmenn f campus bullying is almst rare in ur schl. Occasinal ccurrences will als be prmptly addressed. The teachers take advantage f varius pprtunities t demand that we help each ther equally. Even if there are small cnflicts, many students can slve them n their wn. Each class has frmed a gd atmsphere. In additin, the schl has a dedicated reprting htline that can prmptly reprt the ccurrence f such incidents.
Yurs sincerely,
Li Hua
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
In the autumn f 2012, the new schl year began. Susan was 14 years ld and happened t be in her first year f high schl. She mved with her parents t a beautiful small castal twn. This small twn had a charming scenery that Susan really liked, especially the high schl she attended.
Susan had a wide range f hbbies and excellent academic perfrmance. At the same time, she had an utging persnality and was willing t help thers. She quickly made many friends and adapted t the new schl envirnment.
At that time, everyne liked t scialize with Susan, but Susan hardly attended her friends’ gatherings. Every time many f her friends invited her t a birthday party held at hme, Susan always fund a reasn t refuse. At first, her friends didn’t pay much attentin, but ver time, everyne felt a bit strange. Mrever, Susan never held a birthday party herself, and they didn’t knw where her family was.
Hw time flew! Susan, wh was in Senir Tw nw, hwever, was very cnflicted abut ne thing thse days. She was very talented in mathematics and she was very clse t getting an A in her maths class. There was nly ne exam left. Susan wuld have t get 100% n the exam t push her grade t an A．The teacher ffered the students extra credits (学分) if they brught their mum t the class n the “Bring Yur Mum t Schl” day.
In fact, Susan had a secret. Her mum was the head teacher f her schl. She didn’t want anyne t knw this as her classmates wuld think that she gt special treatment. Nt even her clse friends knew abut it. When her friends asked t g t her huse, she just refused and said that her parents didn’t allw her t invite guests.
Susan’s schl held many activities every term that required active parental participatin. The mst ppular activity amng them was “Bring Yur Mum t Schl”. When Susan’s classmates were actively preparing, Susan didn’t seem t care at all abut it.
注意：
1．续写词数应为150个左右;
2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
“Bring Yur Mum t Schl” day was cming finally.
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Susan tld her mum that she wanted t tell everyne abut their relatinship.
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【参考范文】
“Bring Yur Mum t Schl” day was cming finally. Susan tld her friends in the past that her mum was ut f twn. “What des yur mum d?” her friends asked. “She is a researcher, s she travels a lt,” Susan answered. A teacher nce asked her mther, “D yu have a daughter?” Susan’s mum said, “Yes, she is in cllege nw.” Her mther always managed it in this way. In fact, Susan was eager t get the extra credits, s she determined t have a talk with her mther n the evening befre “Bring Yur Mum t Schl” day.
Susan tld her mum that she wanted t tell everyne abut their relatinship. After sme hesitatin, Susan’s mum agreed. On “Bring Yur Mum t Schl” day, Susan brught her mum t her maths class. She felt her heart was beating fast. She was afraid her classmates wuld nt talk t her because she had tld a lie.” Hi, ur head teacher. What brings yu here?” asked the maths teacher. “I’m Susan’s mum,” she answered. All the students in the classrm were surprised and they tld Susan she had a cl mther.