专题02 阅读理解推理判断题 -高考英语二轮热点题型归纳与变式演练（新高考通用）

专题02 阅读理解推理判断题目录 TOC \o "1-3" \h \z \u  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc148898652" 题型综述 2 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc148898652" 解题攻略 3 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc148898653" 题型01 细节推断题 3 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc148898654" 题型02 因果推断题 5 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc148898655" 题型03 态度及观点判断题 6 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc148898656" 题型04 猜测及想象推理题 7题型05 写作意图推理 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc148898656" 题 8 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc148898657" 高考练场  PAGEREF _Toc148898657 \h 10题型简介推理判断题是高考英语阅读理解中的重要题型，着重考查考生在理解文章字面意思的基础上，对文章深层含义的推理和判断能力。它要求考生依据文章提供的信息，通过逻辑推理、归纳总结、分析判断等思维过程，得出文章隐含的意义、作者的意图、观点态度等内容。这种题型难度相对较高，因为答案不能直接从原文中获取，需要考生具备较强的综合理解能力。文章题材广泛，无论是记叙文、说明文还是议论文都可能涉及推理判断题。考生需要在理解文章主题、结构、细节等多方面内容的基础上进行推断。命题类型推断隐含意义：这类题目要求考生从文章的字里行间推断出没有明确表述的深层含义。例如，通过对人物的语言、行为和所处环境的描写，推断出人物的性格特征或潜在情感；或者根据事件的发展，推测事件可能带来的潜在影响。通常提问方式有 “What can be inferred from the passage about...?”“The passage implies that...”推断作者意图：主要是判断作者写这篇文章的目的，是为了提供信息（inform）、进行娱乐（entertain）、表达观点（express opinions）、发出呼吁（appeal）还是其他意图。例如，在一篇关于环保问题的文章中，作者可能是在呼吁人们关注环境，减少污染。提问方式如 “What's the author's purpose in writing this passage?”“The author's intention is to...”推断观点态度：要求考生领会作者或文中人物对某一事物的看法或态度，这种态度可能是积极的（positive）、消极的（negative）、中立的（neutral）、怀疑的（skeptical）等。例如，通过分析作者在描述某个新科技产品时所使用的词汇，如 “remarkable”“ground - breaking” 可能表示作者持积极态度；而 “problematic”“controversial” 可能暗示消极或质疑的态度。提问方式有 “What's the author's attitude towards...?”“The tone of the passage can be described as...”预测文章后续内容或事件发展趋势：根据文章已有的内容和情节发展，猜测接下来可能发生的事情或者文章下一部分可能讨论的主题。比如，在一个故事的情节发展到主人公面临一个艰难的抉择时，题目可能会问 “What's likely to happen next according to the passage?”解题思路立足原文内容：推理判断必须以文章内容为依据，不能脱离原文进行主观臆断。仔细阅读文章，理解文章的主题、结构和细节信息，找出与题目相关的关键部分。寻找线索和暗示：关注文章中的关键词、连接词、修辞手法等，这些可能是推理的重要线索。例如，“however”“therefore” 等连接词可以帮助我们理解作者的思路和观点变化；比喻、象征等修辞手法可能暗示作者的情感倾向。分析逻辑关系：考虑文章中的因果、对比、类比等逻辑关系。如果文章提到某种现象是由某个原因引起的，那么在推理时可以依据这个因果关系进行推断；如果是对比不同事物的特点，就可以从对比中得出对这些事物的评价。排除干扰选项：对于不符合原文逻辑和信息的选项要果断排除。有些选项可能本身内容正确，但与题目要求的推理判断无关；有些选项可能是过度推断，超出了原文所提供的范围。命题方式【常见考法】推理题经常使用的提问方式有：It can be inferred/ concluded that _________.Which of the following conclusions can we draw according to the passage?In which of the following publication would this passage most likely be printed?The passage implies, but doesn’t directly state that _________.The writer suggests that _________.What’s the author’s attitude toward _________?The writer probably feels that _________.The author uses the examples of... to show that _________.除此之外，还要注意几个误区：①原文信息的简单重复，并不是推断出来的结论。②文中无关紧要或片面推出的结论。③与文章内容不符的推论或相反的推论。④不合常理或不合逻辑的推论。⑤虽然符合考生的常识，但文中并没有支撑的依据。 题型01 细节推断题 要求考生根据语篇关系，推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。一般可根据短文提供的信息，或者借助生活常识进行推理判定。考生只有正确把握文章的内在关系，理解文章的真正含义，才可能作出准确的推断。一般题干主要包括六个动词：infer(推断)，indicate(象征，暗示)，imply(暗示)，suggest(暗示)，conclude(作出结论)和assume(假定，设想)。第一步：定位细节——根据题干提供的信息，抓住某一段话的关键信息(关键词语)。第二步：揣摩细节——对原文中的信息进行分析，推理判断，利用逆向思维和正向推理，从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。注意：1.切勿拿文章中的某一个细节内容作为推理的结论。2.切勿脱离原文而凭个人看法主观臆断。(安徽省江淮十校2025届高三第二次联考)It is hard to imagine life without a smartphone these days. Leave yours home and you may find yourself lost, moneyless and severed from social contact. Nine in ten American adults own one, according to Pew Research Centre. They spend 3 hours and 45 minutes on them a day, on average, estimates GWI, a firm of analysts. New versions souped up with artificial intelligence may be even harder to put down.Yet a market is also emerging for phones that are deliberately stupid. These dumb phones — confusingly called “feature phones” — account for just 2% of phone sales in America. But demand is growing. In 2016 HMD, a Finnish firm, bought the rights to relaunch the devices of Nokia, whose basic phones once dominated the market. It says it is now selling “tens of thousands” of flip-phones a month in America. In May it re-released the Nokia 3210, a mainstay of many millennials’ teenage years, in Europe. It even has Snake, a classic mobile game..........28. What phenomenon does the author describe at the beginning of the text?A. People’s increasing reliance on smartphones.B. Inconvenience of not keeping phones at hand.C. People’s preference for new versions.D. A growing number of smartphone addicts.【答案】28. A 【解析】【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要介绍了功能手机正在卷土重来这一现象。【28题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“It is hard to imagine life without a smartphone these days. Leave yours home and you may find yourself lost, moneyless and severed from social contact.(现在很难想象没有智能手机的生活。离开家，你可能会发现自己迷路了，身无分文，与社会断绝了联系)”可知，作者在文章开头描述了人们越来越依赖智能手机这一现象，故选A。题型02 因果推断题 要求考生根据已知结果推测导致结果的可能原因。考生要正确把握文章的内涵，理解文章的真正含义。它的首要呈现方法如下:1.阶段(含首段)榜首句假如表达一种因果联系，一般为考点。2.文章中细节性的因果联系---一般由一些表明因果联系的词汇手法表达。(1)表明因果联系的名词：basis (依据), result, consequence, reason;(2)表明因果联系的动词：result in (结果), result from (因为，由……), follow from (……结果), base…on… (以……为根底), be due to (因为);(3)表明因果联系的连词或介词：because, since, for, as, therefore, so, thus, why, with;(4)表明因果联系的副词：as a result, consequently等。为了考查考生的阅读能力和逻辑分析能力，经常会把含有因果关系进行颠倒，将“因变成了果、果变成了因”，考生需要注意辨别实际的因果关系，防止混淆。(山东师范大学附属中学2024~2025学年高三12月月考英语试题) Chinese scientists discovered a rare lunar crystal found on the near side of the moon, giving scientists hope of providing limitless power for Earth. The lunar crystal contains, a key ingredient for the nuclear fusion (核聚变) process, a form of power generation that uses the same forces that fuel the Sun and other stars in the galaxy.One of the primary ingredients found in this crystal is helium-3, which may provide a stable fuel source for nuclear fusion reactors. The element is incredibly rare on Earth, but it seems to be fairly prevalent on the moon. China’s next moon mission is expected to be Chang’e 6 in 2024, which will attempt to collect the first samples from the far side of the moon, which never faces the Earth..........8. Why is the new discovery important?A. It contains a vital element.B. It processes nuclear waste.C. It casts light on the galaxy.D. It totally solves energy crisis.【答案】8. A 【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国科学家在月球近侧发现了一种罕见的月球晶体，这给科学家们带来了为地球提供无限能源的希望。月球晶体含有核聚变过程的关键成分，这是一种发电方式，使用与太阳和银河系中其他恒星相同的能量。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“One of the primary ingredients found in this crystal is helium-3, which may provide a stable fuel source for nuclear fusion reactors. (在这种晶体中发现的主要成分之一是氦-3，它可能为核聚变反应堆提供稳定的燃料来源。)”可推知，这一发现意义重大，因为它含有氦-3，这是核聚变的关键成分，可以提供稳定的燃料来源。故选A项。题型03 态度及观点判断题 高考阅读测试中有些是考查考生对作者的主导思想，被描写人物语气，言谈话语中流露的情绪，性格倾向和作者或文中人物态度，观点等方面的理解题。做这一类题时一定要留意：1)由表及里的正确把握字里行间的意思，切勿用自己的主观想法或观点代替作者的思想观点。2)特殊留意那些描写环境气氛的语言，以及表达感情、态度、观点的词语。要特殊留意作者在文章中的措词，尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词。3)能结合自己平时积累的有关英语国家的文化传统、风俗习惯等背景知识来识别评价。(2024-2025学年河南省九师联盟高三11月质量检测英语试题)Think of a typical college physics course: notetaking, homework struggles and studying for difficult exams. Now imagine access to a tutor (导师) who answers questions at any hour, never tires and never judges. Might you learn more? The AI-supported tutor is surprisingly more effective. That’s the unexpected conclusion from a Harvard study examining learning outcomes for students in a large physics course...........“We went into the study curious about whether our AI tutor could be as effective as in-person instructors,” Kestin said. “I certainly didn’t expect students to find the AI-powered lesson more engaging. But that’s exactly what happened: Not only did the AI tutor seem to help students learn more materials, the students also self-reported more engagement when working with AI.”.........9. What did Kestin most probably think of their findings?A. Valueless. B. Doubtful. C. Confusing. D. Surprising.【答案】 9. D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要通过介绍哈佛大学的一项研究，探讨了人工智能导师在物理课程教学中的效果和优势，同时也指出了潜在的注意事项。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“That’s the unexpected conclusion from a Harvard study examining learning outcomes for students in a large physics course.(这是哈佛大学一项研究得出的意外结论，该研究考察了一门大型物理课程中学生的学习成果。)”以及第四段““I certainly didn’t expect students to find the AI-powered lesson more engaging. But that’s exactly what happened: Not only did the AI tutor seem to help students learn more materials, the students also self-reported more engagement when working with AI.”(“我当然没想到学生会觉得人工智能授课更吸引人。但事实正是如此：AI导师不仅似乎帮助学生学习了更多材料，学生在与AI互动时也自我报告了更高的参与度。”)”可知，Kestin对他们的发现表示了惊讶，认为AI导师的效果超出了他的预期。故选D。题型04 猜测想象推理题 有些内容文章中没有明确说明，要求考生根据语篇，对事件可能的结局或下段可能涉及的内容等进行猜测推理和想象，一般难度较大。做这类题目应把握作者的写作思路和文章的篇章结构等，从而作出比较科学的预测。这类题目常见的设问形式有：What do you think will happen when/if ________?At the end of this passage, the writer might continue to write ________.The paragraph following the passage will most probably be about ________.Which of the following statements is most likely to be talked about in the following paragraph?做这类题时，应把握作者的写作思路(如文章可能按事件发展的经过描写，也可能按因果关系，对比关系来叙述)，从而作出比较科学的，合情合理的猜测。和原文中表达一致的答案，一定不能选。(2024-2025学年高三上学期湖北省市级示范高中智学联盟12月月考英语试题) Two years after ChatGPT took the world by storm, generative artificial intelligence seems to have hit a bottleneck. The costs of building and using larger AI models are rising sharply, and breakthroughs seem to be becoming increasingly difficult. Currently, the development of AI has entered a difficult period. Researchers and entrepreneurs are competing to find ways to change the current situation. Their creativity will not only transform AI but also determine which companies will succeed, whether investors can make profits, and which country will be best able to seize the bonus brought by this technology. ..........However, there is no need to panic. Many technologies have hit bottlenecks before but eventually continued to thrive thanks to human creativity. The oil price shocks in the 1970s encouraged energy efficiency and alternative methods, including nuclear power generation, developed well in some countries. Thirty years later, fracturing technology made the extraction of oil and natural gas more economically sustainable.29. How is paragraph 5 mainly developed?A. By illustrating results. B. By giving examples.C. By making comparison. D. By listing figures.【答案】 29. B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。当前人工智能的发展进入艰难时期，一场推动人工智能超越当下极限的竞赛正在进行。一方面大语言模型训练和使用成本剧增，这使得投资者面临风险；另一方面，公司和开发者正在积极探索突破方法，这些努力将改变行业运行模式。【29题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段“Many technologies have hit bottlenecks before but eventually continued to thrive thanks to human creativity. The oil price shocks in the 1970s encouraged energy efficiency and alternative methods, including nuclear power generation, developed well in some countries. Thirty years later, fracturing technology made the extraction of oil and natural gas more economically sustainable.(许多技术以前都遇到过瓶颈，但最终由于人类的创造力而继续蓬勃发展。20世纪70年代的油价冲击鼓励了能源效率和替代方法，包括核能发电，在一些国家发展良好。三十年后，压裂技术使石油和天然气的开采在经济上更具可持续性)”可知，本段介绍许多技术曾经遭遇瓶颈，其后用20世纪70年代的油价冲击促进了能源效率的提高以及30年后水力压裂技术使得石油、天然气的开采更经济可行为例来说明人类创造性的伟大之处，即通过给出具体事例来支撑观点。故选B。题型05 写作意图推测题 此题型要求考生根据文章的论述，在复杂的语境条件下把握作者的思路，推测作者隐藏的思想及真正的写作意图及运用某种写作手法的目的。作者一般不直接陈述自己的意图，而是通过文章所提供的事实和形象，客观地使读者信服某种想法或意见。此类题属于得分率较低的高难度题。写作意图推测题的常见设问方式有：For what purpose did the author write the passage?The writer writes this passage in order to _________.The purpose of the text is to _________.What is the purpose of the last part of the text?The writer uses…in the first paragraph to ________.The writer uses the example of….to _________.此类题型要求考生根据文章的论述，推测作者的写作意图及应用某种写作手法的目的。这类题型要求考生不仅能理解文章的内容，还要具备对作者所阐述的问题及使用的写作手法进行分析和归纳总结的能力。(安徽省江淮十校2025届高三第二次联考)It is hard to imagine life without a smartphone these days. Leave yours home and you may find yourself lost, moneyless and severed from social contact. Nine in ten American adults own one, according to Pew Research Centre. They spend 3 hours and 45 minutes on them a day, on average, estimates GWI, a firm of analysts. New versions souped up with artificial intelligence may be even harder to put down.Yet a market is also emerging for phones that are deliberately stupid. These dumb phones — confusingly called “feature phones” — account for just 2% of phone sales in America. But demand is growing. In 2016 HMD, a Finnish firm, bought the rights to relaunch the devices of Nokia, whose basic phones once dominated the market. It says it is now selling “tens of thousands” of flip-phones a month in America. In May it re-released the Nokia 3210, a mainstay of many millennials’ teenage years, in Europe. It even has Snake, a classic mobile game...........29. Paragraph 2 is written to .A. define and describe the functions of dumb phones.B. outline the history and evolution of Nokia phones.C. show the popularity and sales of dumb phones in Europe.D. illustrate the state of the present dumb phone market.【答案】 29. D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要介绍了功能手机正在卷土重来这一现象。【29题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“These dumb phones — confusingly called “feature phones”— account for just 2% of phone sales in America. But demand is growing. In 2016 HMD, a Finnish firm, bought the rights to relaunch the devices of Nokia, whose basic phones once dominated the market. It says it is now selling “tens of thousands” of flip-phones a month in America.(这些被令人困惑地称为“功能手机”的“傻瓜手机”，在美国的手机销量中仅占2%。但需求正在增长。2016年，芬兰公司HMD购买了诺基亚手机重新上市的权利，诺基亚的基础款手机曾一度占据市场主导地位。HMD表示，他们现在在美国每月能卖出“数万部”翻盖手机)”可知，写第二段的目的是阐述当前“傻瓜手机”市场的状况。故选D。题型01 细节推断题(2024年新课标高考英语II卷B篇)Do you ever get to the train station and realize you forgot to bring something to read? Yes, we all have our phones, but many of us still like to go old school and read something printed. Well, there’s a kiosk (小亭) for that. In the San Francisco Bay Area, at least. “You enter the fare gates (检票口) and you’ll see a kiosk that is lit up and it tells you can get a one-minute, a three-minute, or a five-minute story,” says Alicia Trost, the chief communications officer for the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit — known as BART. “You choose which length you want and it gives you a receipt-like short story.”It’s that simple. Riders have printed nearly 20,000 short stories and poems since the program was launched last March. Some are classic short stories, and some are new original works. Trost also wants to introduce local writers to local riders. “We wanted to do something where we do a call to artists in the Bay Area to submit stories for a contest,” Trost says. “And as of right now, we’ve received about 120 submissions. The winning stories would go into our kiosk and then you would be a published artist.”Ridership on transit (交通) systems across the country has been down the past half century, so could short stories save transit? Trost thinks so. “At the end of the day all transit agencies right now are doing everything they can to improve the rider experience. So I absolutely think we will get more riders just because of short stories,” she says. And you’ll never be without something to read.4. Why did BART start the kiosk program?A. To promote the local culture. B. To discourage phone use.C. To meet passengers’ needs. D. To reduce its running costs.【答案】4. C【4题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段““You enter the fare gates (检票口) and you’ll see a kiosk that is lit up and it tells you can get a one-minute, a three-minute, or a five-minute story,” says Alicia Trost, the chief communications officer for the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit - known as BART. “You choose which length you want and it gives you a receipt-like short story.”(旧金山湾区捷运系统（BART）首席通讯官Alicia Trost表示：“你进入检票口，会看到一个亮着灯的信息亭，它告诉你可以得到一分钟、三分钟或五分钟的报道。你可以选择你想要的长度，它会给你一个类似收据的短篇故事。”)”可知，BART启动信息亭是为了满足乘客在乘车过程中的阅读需求，为他们提供不同长度的短篇故事或诗歌来打发时间。故选C项。题型02 因果推断题(2024年新课标高考英语I卷B篇)“I am not crazy,” says Dr. William Farber, shortly after performing acupuncture (针灸) on a rabbit. “I am ahead of my time.” If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods. But Farber is certain he’ll have the last laugh. He’s one of a small but growing number of American veterinarians (兽医) now practicing “holistic” medicine – combining traditional Western treatments with acupuncture, chiropractic (按摩疗法) and herbal medicine.Farber, a graduate of Colorado State University, started out as a more conventional veterinarian. He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered from terrible back pain. He tried muscle-relaxing drugs but found little relief. Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments. What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients. So, after studying the techniques for a couple of years, he began offering them to pets.Leigh Tindale’s dog Charlie had a serious heart condition. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months. And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse, Nappy, “moves more easily and rides more comfortably” after a chiropractic adjustment.Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if the past is any indication, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700. “Sometimes it surprises me that it works so well,” he says. “I will do anything to help an animal. That’s my job.”25. Why did Farber decide to try acupuncture on pets?A. He was trained in it at university.B. He was inspired by another veterinarian.C. He benefited from it as a patient.D. He wanted to save money for pet owners.27. Why does the author mention the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association?A. To prove Farber’s point. B. To emphasize its importance.C. To praise veterinarians. D. To advocate animal protection.【答案】25. C 27. A【导语】本文是记叙文。文章讲述兽医威廉·法伯(William Farber)博士在从针灸中受益后，将综合医疗应用于动物，并取得了初步成效。25. 推理判断题。根据第二段的“Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments. What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients. So, after studying the techniques for a couple of years, he began offering them to pets.(然后，他尝试了针灸，这是一种古老的中国疗法，并惊讶地发现，经过两三次治疗，他的病情有所好转。对兽医有效的方法似乎对他的病人也有效。因此，在研究了这些技术几年后，他开始把它们提供给宠物。)”可知，Farber作为患者从针灸中受益，这促使他决定尝试在宠物上使用针灸。故选C。27. 推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容“Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if the past is any indication, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700. ( 法伯确信，随着时间的推移，综合疗法会越来越受欢迎，如果过去有任何迹象的话，他可能是对的:自1982年以来，美国综合兽医协会的会员已经从30个增加到700多个。)”可知，法伯认为综合疗法会越来越受欢迎，随后作者列举了美国综合兽医协会的会员已经从30个增加到700多个的例子，因此推断美国整体兽医协会是为证明法伯的观点。故选A。题型03 人物态度及观点判断题(2024年新课标高考英语甲卷C篇)The Saint Lukas train doesn’t accept passengers—it accepts only the sick. The Saint Lukas is one of five government-sponsored medical trains that travel to remote towns in central and eastern Russia. Each stop lasts an average of two days, and during that time the doctors and nurses on board provide rural(乡村)populations with basic medical care, X-ray scans and prescriptions. “People started queuing to make an appointment early in the morning,” says Emile Ducke, a German photographer who traveled with the staff of the Saint Lukas for a two-week trip in November through the vast regions(区域)of Krasnoyarsk and Khakassia. Russia’s public health care service has been in serious need of modernization. The government has struggled to come up with measures to address the problem, particularly in the poorer, rural areas east of the Volga River, including arranging doctor’s appointments by video chat and expanding financial aid programs to motivate doctors to practice medicine in remote parts of the country like Krasnoyarsk. The annual arrival of the Saint Lukas is another attempt to improve the situation. For 10 months every year, the train stops at about eight stations over two weeks, before returning to the regional capital to refuel and restock(补给). Then it starts all over again the next month. Most stations wait about a year between visits. Doctors see up to 150 patients every day. The train’s equipment allows for basic checkups. “I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned,” says Ducke. “They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want. ”11. What is Ducke’s attitude toward the Saint Lukas’ services?A. Appreciative. B. Doubtful C. Ambiguous. D. Cautious.【答案】 11. A【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述政府赞助了五辆名为圣卢卡斯的医疗列车为俄罗斯中部和东部偏远地区每年提供为期10个月的巡回医疗服务，为乡村居民提供基本医疗检查和治疗，改善当地医疗条件。【11题详解】推断判断题。根据最后一段的““I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned, ” says Ducke. “They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want. ”(“医生和他们的助手在这么小的空间里工作和生活，但仍然保持专注和非常关注，这给我留下了深刻的印象，”Ducke说。这是许多农村人获得他们想要的治疗的最好机会。”)”可知，Ducke对Saint Lukas的服务持赞赏的态度，故选A。题型04 猜测想象推理题(2024年新高考II卷C篇)Is comprehension the same whether a person reads a text onscreen or on paper? And are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material? The answers to both questions are often “no.” The reasons relate to a variety of factors, including reduced concentration, an entertainment mindset (心态) and a tendency to multitask while consuming digital content.When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding. The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks – like identifying the main idea in a reading passage – to ones that require mental abstraction – such as drawing inferences from a text.The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related to paper’s physical properties. With paper, there is a literal laying on of hands, along with the visual geography of distinct pages. People often link their memory of what they’ve read to how far into the book it was or where it was on the page.But equally important is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have proposed a theory called “shallowing hypothesis (假说).” According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print.Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies – say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person. However, psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories, they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces.Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words.31. What does the author imply in the last paragraph?A. Students should apply multiple learning techniques.B. Teachers should produce their own teaching material.C. Print texts cannot be entirely replaced in education.D. Education outside the classroom cannot be ignored.【答案】31. C【导语】本文是议论文。主要讨论了纸质阅读与数字阅读、音频和视频学习方式的差异和效果。31. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words.(数字文本、音频和视频都具有教育作用，尤其是在提供印刷品中无法获得的资源时。然而，为了在需要精神集中和反思的情况下最大限度地学习，教育工作者不应假定所有媒体都是相同的，即使它们包含相同的单词)”可知，尽管数字文本、音频和视频在教育中有一定作用，但当需要精神集中和反思以最大化学习时，教育者不应假定所有媒体都是相同的，即使它们包含相同的单词。这表明作者认为纸质文本在教育中的作用仍然不可替代，因此暗示纸质文本在教育中的重要性。故选C项。题型05 写作意图推测题(2024年新课标高考英语II卷D篇)Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in. This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革). In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码) that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI. As we soon come to learn from AI by Design, AI is already super-smart and will become more capable, moving from the current generation of “narrow-AI” to Artificial General Intelligence. From there, Campbell says, will come Artificial Dominant Intelligence. This is why Campbell has set out to raise awareness of AI and its future now-several decades before these developments are expected to take place. She says it is essential that we keep control of artificial intelligence, or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse. Campbell’s point is to wake up those responsible for AI-the technology companies and world leaders-so they are on the same page as all the experts currently developing it. She explains we are at a “tipping point” in history and must act now to prevent an extinction-level event for humanity. We need to consider how we want our future with Al to pan out. Such structured thinking, followed by global regulation, will enable us to achieve greatness rather than our downfall. AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it.15. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?A. To recommend a book on AI. B. To give a brief account of AI history.C. To clarify the definition of AI. D. To honor an outstanding AI expert.【答案】 15. A【15题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in. This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革).  (考虑到人工智能改变我们生活的惊人潜力，我们都需要采取行动来应对人工智能驱动的未来，这正是AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence的用武之地。卡特里奥娜·坎贝尔撰写的这本引人入胜的新书是一本实用的路线图，旨在应对即将到来的人工智能革命带来的挑战)”和文章最后一段“AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it. (人工智能将影响我们所有人，如果你只读一本关于这个主题的书，那就是这本书)”可知，本文主要介绍了Catriona Campbell所著AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence一书，该书作为应对AI革命挑战的实用指南，以商业视角阐述AI发展现状与前景，强调控制AI的重要性，呼吁各界协同确保人工智能安全发展，以防潜在危机，所以作者写这篇文章的目的是推荐一本关于人工智能的书。故选A项。A（24-25高三上·江苏南京·阶段练习）Poems for high schoolersIfThe poem is written by Rudyard Kipling. In this poem, a father talks of several values and advises his son to live with moderation and constraint (克制) to continuously maintain calm and avoid overreacting. The poem is full of positivity for personal growth in difficult times. Anyone struggling with a lack of desire in life can still benefit from it.The Laughing HeartThe poem advises readers to take control of their own life and make the most of their time. At the beginning of the poem, Charles Bukowski talks about how one shouldn’t let others take their “light” out of them. Bukowski says that once you begin to show up for your own life, “amazing” things will begin to happen to you. The Laughing Heart, which focuses on risk and making decisions in life, is attractive to youth as it serves as an encouragement to them to stand up for themselves in difficult times.Fifth Grade AutobiographyThrough the poem, Rita Dove discusses the good memories of her most significant life influences as a child. By using language and pictures, she recalls how great and significant her family is as she looks at a photograph. Based on Dove’s poetry, an excellent activity would be to ask children to select a photo that’s significant to them and write their own Fifth Grade Autobiography.The Rose That Grew From ConcreteThe poem is about achieving our life goals despite the challenges we experience along the road. In this poem, Tupac Shakur compares himself to a neglected rose who went from being a marginalized (被边缘化的) teenager to one of the most influential singers the world has ever known. The poem will inspire readers to focus and realize their dreams.1．What is the Rudyard Kipling’s poem about?A．Difficulties in life. B．Teenager education.C．Emotional expression. D．Parental advice.2．How does the poet start The Laughing Heart?A．By describing a scene.B．By making comparisons.C．By offering suggestions.D．By explaining a problem.3．What do the last two poems have in common?A．They share good memories of the poets.B．They are based on the poets’ own life.C．They are about important life skills.D．They stress the importance of dreams.【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四首适宜高中生阅读的诗歌。1．细节理解题。根据第一首诗歌介绍中的第二句“In this poem, a father talks of several values and advises his son to live with moderation and constraint to continuously maintain calm and avoid overreacting. (在这首诗中，一位父亲谈到了几个价值观，并建议儿子适度克制地生活，不断保持冷静，避免反应过度。)”可知，Rudyard Kipling的诗歌是关于一位父亲的建议的。故选D项。2．推理判断题。根据第二首诗歌介绍中的第二句“At the beginning of the poem, Charles Bukowski talks about how one shouldn’t let others take their “light” out of them. (在这首诗的开头，Charles Bukowski谈到了一个人不应该让别人夺走他们的“光”。)”可知，The Laughing Heart这首诗歌是通过提供建议来展开。故选C项。3．推理判断题。根据第三首诗歌介绍中的第一句“Through the poem, Rita Dove discusses the good memories of her most significant life influences as a child. (通过这首诗，Rita Dove讨论了她小时候最重要的生活影响的美好回忆。)”和第四首诗歌介绍中的第二句“In this poem, Tupac Shakur compares himself to a neglected rose who went from being a marginalized teenager to one of the most influential singers the world has ever known. (在这首诗中，Tupac Shakur将自己比作一朵被忽视的玫瑰，从一个被边缘化的青少年变成了世界上最有影响力的歌手之一。)”可知，最后的这两首诗歌都是基于诗人自己的生活写的。故选B项。B（2024·浙江绍兴·一模）On Dec. 26, Gelinne, 60, was gazing out his back windows of his home in Maryland, at frozen Beards Creek when he spotted a small aircraft a few hundred yards away, losing altitude.As the plane disappeared behind the trees, Gelinne, a former Navy commander, realized it was going to land in the creek (小海湾). He flashed on a moment from more than 20 years earlier: Sept.11, 2001, he was at work when terrorists crashed a jumbo jet into the building. He fled the chaos but has always wondered if he could have stayed inside and helped.On this day, he didn’t hesitate. Racing down to the waterfront, he saw the plane had slid to a stop on the broad, frozen creek, far from the shore. It was now sinking. The pilot was standing on the wing. Gelinne knew that the icy water could kill the pilot.Gelinne tested the ice with his foot and decided not to take any chances walking on it. So, he rushed back and swiftly pulled out a kayak (橡皮船) from his back deck.He set off. His initial attempts left him circling on the spot. But with some muscle, he made progress. It was physically-demanding work. When Gelinne reached the plane, it had sunk; only its tail was visible. The pilot was standing on a tail wing, submerged up to his chest. Gelinne edged his kayak off the ice and into the water, paddling toward the pilot. To keep the pilot calm, he joked, “Just hang on to the boat as if you were hugging your wife.” The pilot grabbed the kayak’s bow. Gelinne knew he had to get the pilot out of the water immediately. But all their desperate attempts ended in failure.By now a police officer had arrived and radioed for help. A boat from the Maryland Department of Natural Resources appeared, breaking through ice as it arrived. It picked up the pilot, Steve Couchman, 71, and rushed him to safety; he would be treated for minor injuries.Rescue had arrived just in time, Gelinne recalled. “I’m 60 years old. There was no way I could get him to shore.” Still, he was satisfied he’d gone the right way that day.4．What happened to the small aircraft?A．It ran out of fuel. B．It sank into the icy water.C．It flew off the course. D．It was attacked by terrorists.5．Why did Gelinne set out to help without hesitation?A．To make up for regret. B．To carry out his mission.C．To earn others’ respect. D．To demonstrate his power.6．Which word best describes the situation the pilot was in?A．Favorable. B．Life-changing.C．One-sided. D．Critical.7．What is the best title for the story?A．Dragging the Pilot B．Braving the ElementsC．Seizing the Chance D．Fighting the Currents【答案】4．B 5．A 6．D 7．A【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是Gelinne勇敢营救飞机失事飞行员的故事。4．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Racing down to the waterfront, he saw the plane had slid to a stop on the broad, frozen creek, far from the shore. It was now sinking. The pilot was standing on the wing. Gelinne knew that the icy water could kill the pilot.(他飞快地跑到岸边，看到飞机滑到一条宽阔、结冰的小溪上停了下来，离海岸很远。飞机正在下沉。飞行员站在机翼上。Gelinne知道冰冷的海水会杀死飞行员。)”以及第五段中“When Gelinne reached the plane, it had sunk; only its tail was visible.(当琳赶到飞机旁时，飞机已经沉没了；只有尾巴看得见。) ”可知，那架小飞机沉入冰冷的水中。故选B。5．推理判断题。根据第二段“He flashed on a moment from more than 20 years earlier: Sept.11, 2001, he was at work when terrorists crashed a jumbo jet into the building. He fled the chaos but has always wondered if he could have stayed inside and helped.(他闪现出20多年前的一幕：2001年9月11日，恐怖分子将一架大型喷气式飞机撞向大楼时，他正在工作。他逃离了混乱，但一直想知道他是否可以留在里面帮忙。)”和第三段“On this day, he didn’t hesitate.(这一天，他没有犹豫。)”可知，Gelinne毫不犹豫地出手相助是为了弥补遗憾。故选A。6．推理判断题。根据第三段“Racing down to the waterfront, he saw the plane had slid to a stop on the broad, frozen creek, far from the shore. It was now sinking. The pilot was standing on the wing. Gelinne knew that the icy water could kill the pilot.(他飞快地跑到岸边，看到飞机滑到一条宽阔、结冰的小溪上停了下来，离海岸很远。现在船正在下沉。飞行员站在机翼上。Gelinne知道冰冷的海水会杀死飞行员。)”和第五段“The pilot was standing on a tail wing, submerged up to his chest.(飞行员站在尾翼上，水没过他的胸部。)”可知，飞行员当时的情况是很危急的。故选D。7．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是倒数第二段“By now a police officer had arrived and radioed for help. A boat from the Maryland Department of Natural Resources appeared, breaking through ice as it arrived. It picked up the pilot, Steve Couchman, 71, and rushed him to safety; he would be treated for minor injuries.(这时，一名警察已经到了，用无线电呼救。Maryland Department of Natural Resources的一艘船出现了，在抵达时破冰。它救起了71岁的飞行员Steve Couchman，并迅速将他送到安全地带；他将接受轻伤治疗。)”和最后一段“Rescue had arrived just in time, Gelinne recalled. “I’m 60 years old. There was no way I could get him to shore.” Still, he was satisfied he’d gone the right way that day.(救援人员及时赶到，Gelinne回忆道。“我60岁了。我根本没办法把他弄上岸。”尽管如此，他还是很满意自己那天走对了路。)”可知，本文主要讲的是Gelinne勇敢营救飞机失事飞行员的故事，因此最好的题目是A选项“Dragging the Pilot(拖拽飞行员)”。故选A。C（2024·湖南长沙·模拟预测）Artificial intelligence (AI) has demonstrated competence across various sectors, but matching human creativity remains hard to achieve. However, companies like StoryFit are using AI in a much novel way.Initially, Monica Landers, founder and CEO of StoryFit, used AI technology to aid publishers in narrowing down their “slush piles (手稿集合)” to a shortlist of promising books. However, StoryFit found the publishing industry’s growth potential insufficient and targeted the film industry instead. Consequently, it has become the force behind several successful films and TV series in recent years.Primarily, StoryFit analyzes a script’s marketability, assessing where a story fits with the audience and how each storytelling element resonates. The film industry is high-risk, with considerable investments required before generating returns. StoryFit provides data on whether those risks are likely to be fruitful. StoryFit’s AI technology checks character traits (特点) to evaluate audience responses, determining how heroic or relatable a main character might be. This information allows creative professionals to identify potential character imbalances. As film lovers, the StoryFit team often applies their technology to beloved TV series.Story Fit analyzes audience connections to the storyline, offering insights into aspects such as the audience’s emotional journey throughout an episode or the impact of a favorite character’s departure. The company also reports on plot inconsistencies, such as characters behaving inconsistently with their established traits or disappearing from the storyline. Nevertheless, Landers emphasizes that their role is to draw insights from the data rather than comment on the script. She stated, “You have people whose whole careers are based on making those decisions. But we can be a technology voice that helps them to shine a light on what’s happening or not happening in the script.”Using AI technology like StoryFit in the film industry demonstrates artificial intelligence’s potential to enhance storytelling. As the technology advances, its impact on the film industry will only grow, paving the way for more engaging and resonant cinematic experiences.8．What caused StoryFit to shift its focus from publishing to films?A．The financial difficulties. B．The restricted growth prospect.C．The decreasing customer base. D．The insufficient AI competence.9．What is StoryFit able to do according to Paragraph 3?A．Evaluate scripts’ potential for success.B．Rewrite scripts for a wider audience.C．Identify potential character imbalance.D．Determine the amount of investment.10．According to Landers, what is Story Fit’s role in script analysis?A．A decision-maker. B．A content developer.C．A marketing specialist. D．A data-driven consultant.11．Which is the best title for the text?A．The Rise of AI in Creative IndustriesB．Balancing Creativity and Technology in FilmC．StoryFit: Revolutionizing Script AnalysisD．StoryFit: Transforming Audience Engagement【答案】8．B 9．A 10．D 11．C【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了StoryFit利用AI技术在电影行业进行剧本分析，其从出版行业转向影视行业的原因及其在行业中的作用。8．细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“However, StoryFit found the publishing industry’s growth potential insufficient and targeted the film industry instead.(然而，StoryFit发现出版行业的增长潜力不足，转而瞄准了电影行业。因此，它已成为近年来几部成功的电影和电视剧背后的力量)”可知，由于发现出版业成长潜力不足，StoryFit便将自己的工作重心转向电影行业。restricted是insufficient的同义替换。故选B。9．推理判断题。根据第三段“Primarily, StoryFit analyzes a script’s marketability, assessing where a story fits with the audience and how each storytelling element resonates. The film industry is high-risk, with considerable investments required before generating returns. StoryFit provides data on whether those risks are likely to be fruitful. StoryFit’s AI technology checks character traits (特点) to evaluate audience responses, determining how heroic or relatable a main character might be.(首先，StoryFit分析脚本的市场价值，评估故事适合观众的地方，以及每个故事元素如何引起共鸣。电影行业是高风险的，在产生回报之前需要大量的投资。StoryFit提供了这些风险是否可能取得成果的数据。StoryFit的人工智能技术会检查角色特征来评估观众的反应，确定主角的英雄性或相关性)”可知，StoryFit通过分析剧本的市场潜力，评估故事与受众的契合度以及每个叙事元素的共鸣程度，从而影视行业提供数据支持，判断那些投资是否可能产生回报。由此推断出，StoryFit的AI技术能够探究剧本的成功潜力。故选A。10．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Nevertheless, Landers emphasizes that their role is to draw insights from the data rather than comment on the script. She stated, “You have people whose whole careers are based on making those decisions. But we can be a technology voice that helps them to shine a light on what’s happening or not happening in the script.”(然而，兰德斯强调，他们的作用是从数据中得出见解，而不是对剧本发表评论。她说：“有些人的整个职业生涯都建立在做出这些决定的基础上。但我们可以成为一种技术声音，帮助他们揭示剧本中正在发生或没有发生的事情。”)”可知，Landers认为StoryFit的角色是数据驱动型顾问。故选D。11．主旨大意题。由文章的首段“However, companies like StoryFit are using AI in a much novel way.(然而，像StoryFit这样的公司正在以一种非常新颖的方式使用人工智能)”引入文章话题，以及最后一段“Using AI technology like StoryFit in the film industry demonstrates artificial intelligence’s potential to enhance storytelling. As the technology advances, its impact on the film industry will only grow, paving the way for more engaging and resonant cinematic experiences.(在电影行业中使用像StoryFit这样的人工智能技术，证明了人工智能在提高叙事能力方面的潜力。随着技术的进步，它对电影行业的影响只会越来越大，为更吸引人、更能引起共鸣的电影体验铺平道路)”可知，文章主要介绍了StoryFit利用AI技术在电影行业进行剧本分析，其从出版行业转向影视行业的原因及其在行业中的作用。C选项“StoryFit：对于剧本分析的革新”适合作为标题。故选C。D（24-25高三上·湖北·阶段练习）Science should guide policy, but caution is needed when technologies like CRISPR have the potential to exclude rather than assist people to live their lives.CRISPR can be used to treat disease. Yet the far-reaching, more worrying promise of this technology — one about which scientists seem at once excited and cautious — lies in its ability to eliminate from the gene pool what medical science identifies as faulty or abnormal genes that cause difference in individual people. Certainly, goes the logic of CRISPR’s promise, the goal of ridding future generations of terrible diseases that cause suffering and death and exhaust resources, seems an unquestionable enterprise.This logic is consistent with wider societal views. The idea that ridding society of genetic differences that count as defect is an undeniable “good” continues to be pervasive. Editing out a gene-linked condition, supporters may argue, is different from editing out a person, and curing disease is a good thing. But our genetic conditions are not simply entities that can be clipped away from us and our genetic conditions form a fundamental part of who we are.Using genome manipulation tools and performing genetic selection is equal to a new form of eugenic thinking grounded in what the communications studies scholar James L. Chemey calls “common sense” ableism, a belief system that allows people to simultaneously deny any commitment to distasteful eugenic principles while also holding them up. Ultimately, “common sense” ableism embodies a similar goal of cleansing unacceptable human variations that the campaigns to eliminate the supposedly inferior have held in the past.People with “bad” genes shouldn’t be edited out of existence in some version of a utopian future. Evaluating the quality of life of another person is morally questionable in a society based on the concept that all people are of equal value regardless of their individual differences.Expanding diversity in all its forms, including disability, strengthens the human community ethically and biologically because it opens the public and private sphere to a variety of perspectives, experiences and ideas to live together with mutual flourishing.Genome editing is powerful in reshaping medical treatments, but it can also be harmful by editing out the kinds of people that medical science, and the society it has shaped, categorize as diseased or genetically contaminated — people who are understood as having bad genes. We should be reminded that bad genes don’t necessarily lead to bad lives, just as good genes don’t necessarily lead to good lives. If CRISPR is put to use to eliminate rather than to treat genetic difference, we as a society would essentially instrumentalize this moralistic and reductionist assumption. 12．According to the passage, which of the following best describes the author’s view on the use of CRISPR to eliminate genetic defects?A．The author fully supports the use of CRISPR for the betterment of human health.B．The author is concerned about the potential misuse of CRISPR to exclude individuals with genetic differences.C．The author believes that CRISPR should only be used for treating severe diseases with clear genetic causes.D．The author argues that CRISPR technology is inherently flawed and should not be used at all.13．What can be inferred from the author’s discussion about “common sense” ableism?A．The author believes that ableism is a rational approach to genetic diversity.B．The author suggests that “common sense” ableism is a subtle form of discrimination that is widely accepted.C．The author thinks that “common sense” ableism is a new concept introduced by James L. Chemey.D．The author argues that “common sense” ableism is a positive development in the field of genetics.14．The author employs the term “utopian future” to describe a society that edits out “bad” genes. What is the rhetorical effect of this term?A．It evokes a sense of idealism and progress in genetic engineering.B．It highlights the potential dangers of overreaching in genetic modification.C．It suggests that such a future is impossible and therefore not worth discussing.D．It emphasizes the author’s support for a future free of genetic diseases.15．What is the main argument of the passage?A．CRISPR technology has the potential to cause more harm than good if not used cautiously.B．Genetic diversity should be preserved because it enriches society ethically and biologically.C．The societal view that genetic defects should be eliminated is morally and ethically flawed.D．The use of CRISPR to treat diseases is a clear and unquestionable good.【答案】12．B 13．B 14．B 15．C【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了CRISPR技术可能带来的伦理问题和对遗传多样性的影响。12．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Science should guide policy, but caution is needed when technologies like CRISPR have the potential to exclude rather than assist people to live their lives. (科学应该指导政策，但当像CRISPR这样的技术有可能排斥而不是帮助人们生活时，需要谨慎。)”和第二段中“CRISPR can be used to treat disease. Yet the far-reaching, more worrying promise of this technology — one about which scientists seem at once excited and cautious — lies in its ability to eliminate from the gene pool what medical science identifies as faulty or abnormal genes that cause difference in individual people. (CRISPR可用于治疗疾病。然而，这项技术更深远且更令人担忧的前景——科学家们对此既兴奋又谨慎——在于其能够从基因库中消除医学界认定的导致个体差异的缺陷或异常基因)”可知，作者担心CRISPR可能被滥用，以排除具有遗传差异的个体。故选B。13．推理判断题。由文章第四段中“Using genome manipulation tools and performing genetic selection is equal to a new form of eugenic thinking grounded in what the communications studies scholar James L. Chemey calls “common sense” ableism, a belief system that allows people to simultaneously deny any commitment to distasteful eugenic principles while also holding them up. Ultimately, “common sense” ableism embodies a similar goal of cleansing unacceptable human variations that the campaigns to eliminate the supposedly inferior have held in the past. (使用基因组操作工具和进行基因选择等同于一种新的优生思维形式，这种思维基于传播研究学者James L. Chemey所说的“常识”残疾主义，这是一种信仰体系，它允许人们在否认任何令人厌恶的优生原则的同时，也支持它们。最终，“常识”残疾主义体现了与过去旨在消除所谓劣等人类的运动所持有的清洗不可接受的人类变异的类似目标。)”可知，作者暗示“常识”残疾主义是一种被广泛接受的微妙歧视形式。故选B。14．推理判断题。由文章第五段中“People with “bad” genes shouldn’t be edited out of existence in some version of a utopian future. Evaluating the quality of life of another person is morally questionable in a society based on the concept that all people are of equal value regardless of their individual differences. (拥有“不良”基因的人不应在某种乌托邦式的未来中被编辑掉而不复存在。在一个认为所有人无论个体差异如何都具有同等价值的社会里，评价他人的生活质量在道德上是站不住脚的。)”可知，这里“乌托邦式的未来”指的是一个理想化、完美的未来，但作者用它来警示人们不要过度追求基因改造，因为这可能导致排斥和消灭有遗传差异的人。因此，这个术语强调了基因改造可能带来的潜在危险。故选B。15．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第二段中“CRISPR can be used to treat disease. Yet the far-reaching, more worrying promise of this technology — one about which scientists seem at once excited and cautious — lies in its ability to eliminate from the gene pool what medical science identifies as faulty or abnormal genes that cause difference in individual people. (CRISPR可用于治疗疾病。然而，这项技术更深远且更令人担忧的前景——科学家们对此既兴奋又谨慎——在于其能够从基因库中消除医学界认定的导致个体差异的缺陷或异常基因)”、第五段中“People with “bad” genes shouldn’t be edited out of existence in some version of a utopian future. Evaluating the quality of life of another person is morally questionable in a society based on the concept that all people are of equal value regardless of their individual differences. (拥有“不良”基因的人不应在某种乌托邦式的未来中被编辑掉而不复存在。在一个认为所有人无论个体差异如何都具有同等价值的社会里，评价他人的生活质量在道德上是站不住脚的。)”可知，文章主要讨论了CRISPR技术在消除遗传差异方面的潜在危险，并强调了社会中普遍存在的那种希望通过技术手段（如CRISPR基因编辑）来消除所谓“遗传缺陷”的观点，实际上在道德和伦理层面上是存在问题的。故选C。