专题11 阅读理解新闻报道 -高考英语二轮热点题型归纳与变式演练（上海专用）

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\l "_Tc148898652" 解题攻略3
\l "_Tc148898653" 题型01 细节理解题4
\l "_Tc148898654" 题型02 推理判断题7
\l "_Tc148898655" 题型03 词义推断题8
\l "_Tc148898656" 题型04 主旨大意题9
\l "_Tc148898657" 高考练场 PAGEREF _Tc148898657 \h 10
题型简介
新闻报道是高考英语阅读理解中常见的一种体裁，通常包括消息和通讯两大类。硬新闻指的是具有时效性的客观事实报道，如经济、科研、考古等；软新闻则偏重情感、轻松的社会新闻，不注重时效性。高考英语选用的英语新闻多属于科技及社会新闻。新闻报道的第一句往往为全文的中心句，包含what（事件）、when（时间）、where（地点）和wh（人物），而下文则补充事件的过程和细节，包括why（目的或原因）和hw（具体过程）。新闻报道的时态一般用过去时；主句、从句结构清晰，语言客观平实。
命题类型
细节理解题：考查新闻事件的六要素，题型主要为细节题。
观点推断题：考查对新闻事件的观点，题型主要为观点推断题。
指代推断题：考查语篇衔接，推断某一特定词或者短语的指代内容。
主旨归纳题：考查概括主旨，题型主要为主题归纳题。
解题思路
研读首段，确定中心人物或者事件，把握主题：导语部分提供了丰富的解题线索，包括Wh、What、When、Where、Why、Hw六要素的信息点。
直接读题，判断题目类型：在把握文章主题后，直接读题干，了解题目所属类型和所需回答问题的要点和关键词。
根据不同题型，采用不同定位方式查找信息：细节题可以通过中心人物或事件作为标签，到文章查读含有这个信息的句子；观点推断题可能需要跨越几个段落，所以难度较大。
利用新闻的结构特点：新闻报道的结构通常为“标题—导语—正文—结语”，其中导语概括通篇，正文具体描写，结语总结概括。
关注语篇衔接手段：新闻报道中会使用很多的语篇衔接手段，尤其是代词的使用，考生需要正确理解这些代词所指代的内容。
题型01 细节理解题

精准定位：仔细阅读题目，确定关键词（如人名、地名、时间、事件等），然后在新闻报道中快速定位包含这些关键词的句子或段落。
比对信息：将选项与定位到的原文内容逐字比对。注意选项中的细节表述与原文是否完全一致，包括数字、范围、程度等。
Recently, an 84-year-ld lady frm Huanggang City, central China’s Hubei Prvince successfully cmpleted a 3,000-meter skydiving challenge at a base in Jingmen City f the prvince.
At her age, Ta Xidi stays in gd health and enjys staying current with new trends. The inspiratin t take n a skydiving challenge came t her after she read abut a 102-year-ld freign wman wh had cmpleted ne. Ta’s 63-year-ld daughter, an utdr sprts enthusiast, had already dne a skydiving challenge befre her mther.
The daughter, a retired nurse surnamed Gu, fully supprted her mther’s idea and registered her at a base in Jingmen. “I have a gd understanding f extreme sprts, and I believe my mther can successfully cmplete the challenge. I want t help her realize her dream,” said Gu.
On the day f the challenge, Gu drve her mther t the base. Ta was very excited during the jurney. Upn reaching the base, Ta signed an agreement and cnfirmed her gd health. Fllwing adequate training and preparatin, Ta barded the airplane with tw ther turists and her cach. As the plane ascended t 3,000 meters, Ta flashed a peace sign in frnt f the camera. Under the guidance f her cach, Ta jumped frm the airplane. At 1,500 meters abve the grund,
the parachute pened. Ta remained calm thrughut the prcess. Seven minutes after the parachute pened, Ta tuched dwn n the grund. “I did it! It was fun! I achieved my dream,” Ta said prudly.
Ta’s cach mentined that Ta, the ldest participant, set a new age recrd at the skydiving base. A staff member said that the skydiving base had received an increasing number f turists ver 60 years ld.
1．What inspired Ta t try skydiving?
A．Her daughter’s experiences.B．Her lve fr extreme sprts.
C．The pursuit f a lng-held dream.D．The stry f a freign elderly lady.
2．What is Gu’s attitude tward Ta’s idea?
A．Supprtive. B．Neutral.C．Dubtful.D．Oppsed.
3．What d we knw frm the last paragraph?
A．Ta set a new wrld recrd fr skydiving.
B．Ta brught huge ppularity t the skydiving base.
C．Mre and mre elderly peple participate in skydiving.
D．Skydiving is the mst appealing extreme sprt fr turists.
题型02 推理判断题

抓住关键信息进行推理：善于捕捉文章中的关键词或短语，利用这些信息进行分析、推理和判断，从而推断出隐含的深层含义。
结合语境和常识：利用文章的语境和已知常识进行逻辑推理，如通过语境的褒贬性来推断人物心理、作者意图等。
区分观点与事实：明确文章中哪些是作者的观点、态度，哪些是客观事实，避免将作者的观点误认为事实。
Glbal adult diabetes (糖尿病) cases have dubled t mre than 800 millin during the past three decades, far exceeding previus estimates, accrding t new research. A grundbreaking study published in The Lancet this week reveals a healthcare crisis, with mre than half f adults ver the age f 30 wh have diabetes ging untreated. Researchers highlighted the need fr better diabetes screening and treatment in lw-and middle-incme cuntries, which have seen the sharpest rise in cases since 1990.
It nted that fur natins accunted fr mre than half f glbal diabetes cases, India having the mst with 212 millin cases, fllwed by China with 148 millin, the US with 42 millin, and Pakistan with 36 millin. Previus WHO (the Wrld Health Organizatin) estimates had said the ttal number f glbal diabetes cases wuld be 422 millin. Pacific island natins, alng with parts f the Caribbean, Middle East, and Nrth Africa, reprted the highest diabetes rates glbally, exceeding 25 percent f adults. Amng wealthy Western natins, the US leads with 12.5 percent, fllwed by the UK with 8.8 percent.
While the number f diabetes cases has risen sharply, treatment rates in sme regins have remained unsatisfactry, the authrs nted, even as sme higher-incme cuntries have made significant prgress.
Senir authr Majid Ezzati, a prfessr at Imperial Cllege Lndn, said, “This is especially cncerning as peple with diabetes tend t be yunger in lw-incme cuntries and, in the absence f effective treatment, are at the risk f life-lng cmplicatins (并发症).” The study prvides the first wrldwide assessment f diabetes trends, drawing frm data f mre than 1,000 studies invlving mre than 140 millin adults.
4．What is Majid Ezzati’s attitude tward the current treatment f diabetes in the lw-incme cuntries?
A．Wrried.B．Optimistic.C．Dubtful.D．Tlerant.
In rural Suth Africa, 16 teams f wmen, all f us ver 50 years ld, participated in this inaugural (开幕的) event — the Grannies Internatinal Ftball Turnament. It was 13 years in the making, built n dreams and a friendship that crsses cntinents.
The rganizer, Beka Ntsanwisi — a well-knwn cmmunity activist and cancer survivr — funded the riginal team f sccer-playing grandmthers aged 40 t 80, sme 15 years ag, t imprve their health. At first the lcals laughed at them and tld them they belnged at hme caring fr their grandchildren. But a team dctr recrded results frm their regular exercise: imprved mbility, lwered bld pressure and better digestin.
In 2010, the internatinal sptlight landed the team an invitatin t travel and play in a turnament in Massachusetts — frm yurs truly. Like the Grannies, I fund sccer later in life and my Lexingtn, Massachusetts teammates are amng my best friends. Beka replied t my invitatin withut hesitatin: “We will cme, my sister.” In July 2010, 15 Grannies streamed thrugh the Bstn airprt. They wwed (博得称赞) us with their dancing n the sidelines f the field and their enthusiasm fr life. And during that visit, Beka annunced, “Befre I die, I want t hst a Grannies Wrld Cup.”
In March, 2023, Beka’s 13-year wish t hst a Grannies internatinal turnament was finally and jyfully met. The turnament, held in the twn f Nkwankwa, was intense as France, Zambia, three Suth African teams, and all three U. S. teams entered the quarterfinals n the furth and final day. My team wuld settle fr secnd place, but the U. S. Breakers, als frm Massachusetts, held the 3-ft-tall trphy (奖杯) in the air. The galie (守门员) presented the trphy t Beka and the hst Grannies team, withut whm this event wuld never have taken place. We knw Beka is the true champin.
Fr me, the Grannies turnament was an extrardinary gift, an experience I will never frget. Fr all f us, we hld n t ur memries f bnding with, ur sccer sisters.
1．What can be implied frm paragraph 1?
A．It tk lng t make the turnament a reality.
B．The turnament aims t help grannies make friends.
C．These wmen’s teams cnsist f prfessinal ftball players.
D．The turnament caused a stir in the internatinal ftball cmmunity.
2．What can we learn abut the riginal team funded by Beka?
A．It was 13 years in the making.B．It received supprt frm the lcals.
C．It prmted the wellbeing f its members.D．It cnsisted f middle aged wmen players.
题型03 词义推断题

利用上下文语境：通过阅读上下文，根据已知的信息或常识来推测生词或短语的含义。
借助语法知识：根据句子结构和语法关系来判断词义，如通过句子成分、从句关系等来推断。
注意词义的多义性和搭配：一个词可能有多个义项，要结合上下文选择最合适的词义；同时注意词与词之间的搭配习惯。
The first and nly fungus (真菌) n a glbal cnservatin grup’s’ “25 Mst Wanted List”, the big puma fungus, which is actually quite small, has been fund in the rainy muntains f Chile, almst 40 years after it was first dcumented.
The mysterius species f fungi that lives undergrund in Chile’s Nahuelbuta Muntains had nly ever been fund in the wild nce. An expeditin team frm the Fungi Fundatin in Chile set ut fr the temperate frests f the Nahuelbutas in May 2023 t retrace the ftsteps f Chilean myclgist (真菌学家) Nrbert Garrid, wh discvered the big puma fungus and described it t Western science in 1988.
They timed the expeditin t cincide with the exact dates in May that Garrid had hiked the muntains mre than 40 years earlier. “It’s pssible that the reprductive parts f the big puma fungus — the mushrm — are nly fadingly visible abve the sil n the same few days each year, which made the timing f the missin a crucial factr,” said Claudia Bustamante, a myclgist and member f the expeditin team.
31．What des the underlined phrase “cincide with” in Paragraph 3 prbably mean?
A．Put ff.B．Crrespnd t.C．Wrk ut.D．Deal with.
题型04 主旨归纳题

关注文章的结构和导语：新闻报道通常有明确的结构，如标题、导语、正文和结语。导语部分往往概括了文章的中心内容，是归纳主旨的关键。
提炼关键信息：从文章中提取出Wh、What、When、Where、Why、Hw等关键信息，然后对这些信息进行整合，概括出文章的主题。
避免以偏概全：不要只关注文章的某个细节或段落，而要全面理解文章的内容，确保归纳的主旨能够涵盖文章的主要内容。
The sustainable village f the future, if Martina Waldemar and Ja Almeida have any say abut it, will have slar panels, earthen buildings, and a frm f regenerative agriculture that cpies nature t prduce climate-friendly fd. The field hands wh wrk there will earn wages well abve what’s standard fr this rural area f Prtugal. There will be cwrking space with fast internet. “The life can be easy,” Mr. Almeida says f his family’s prject, which they call Gandum Village.
Buying lcal is ne gal f a new prject called Rural Revive, a private cnservatin effrt where turists stay in fashinable, lw-impact rms — and the prject is develping int a service center fr a desert ecnmy. But the purpse f Rural Revive is nt just ecnmic. At the same time, it trains lcals such as Elric Bekeur in hrticulture (园艺) and enterprise.
Reinhld Mangundu began Rural Revive when he remembers sitting by a bnfire, listening t his father tell him abut the frest and birds f his birthplace in his cuntry. Thse village fires lit a desire in him t restre and regenerate the earth and wildlife that he culd nly imagine. “I believe it’s time we start building beautiful stries abut the future and use thse stries f the future t address ur current prblems,” he says.
21．What des Paragraph 1 fcus n?
A．All jbs will be carried ut remtely.B．A sustainable life can be enjyable.
C．Climate is friendly t agriculture.D．Ec-friendly villages need high-paid farmers.
题型01 细节理解题
【来源】上海市延安中学2024-2025学年高三上学期开学考试英语试题
Alibaba Earnings Fall, Sales Rise
Alibaba Grup’s prfit sank in the latest quarter, even as revenue grwth picked up due t higher sales in its key e-cmmerce, clud and lgistics businesses.
The Chinese cmpany said Tuesday that net incme in its fiscal furth quarter ended March rse 86% frm a year earlier t 3.27 billin yuan, equivalent t $452.1 millin, well shrt f the 15.27 billin yuan expected by analysts in a FactSet pll. Alibaba said the bttm line was hurt by a net lss in investments, during the quarter due t mark-t-market changes (按市值计价变动).
Adjusted net prfit, which excludes items including share-based cmpensatin expenses, investment gains and lsses and sme impairments, fell 11% t 24.42 billin yuan, missing analysts’ expectatins f 25.47 billin yuan.
Quarterly revenue rse 6.6% t 221.87 billin yuan, edging analysts’ estimates f 220.62 billin yuan and utpacing the previus quarter’s 5.1%.
Sales at Alibaba’s cre dmestic e-cmmerce business, Taba and Tmall Grup, rse 3.7% frm a year earlier t 93.22 billin yuan. Its clud-cmputing unit, which has trimmed prices in recent mnths, psted a 3. 4% increase in sales t 25.595 billin yuan, while lgistics sales rse 30% t 24.56 billin yuan. The cmpany’s verseas e-cmmerce unit reprted a 45% rise in revenue — after 44% grwth in the previus quarter — t 27.45 billin yuan.
Chief Executive Eddie Wu said in a cnference call that the grup expects Alibaba Clud’s revenue, excluding internal custmers, t return t duble-digit grwth in its fiscal secnd half, and Taba’s and Tmall’s grss merchandise value t return t healthy grwth in the new fiscal year.
Alibaba said its bard apprved a $4 billin dividend fr the 2024 fiscal year. It expects t finish upgrading its Hng Kng listing t primary frm secndary by the end f August.
Quarterly sales grwth was in line with the 6% psted Tuesday by fellw Chinese tech giant Tencent. The scial-media and gaming cmpany, which said slid ad sales ffset gaming weakness, reprted a 62% rise in prfit, thanks t rapid grwth in its high-margin business.
29．Which f the fllwing statements best reflects the impact f mark-t-market changes n Alibaba?
A．It had a negligible effect n the cmpany’s verall finance.
B．It significantly imprved the cmpany’s net incme.
C．It mainly affected the cmpany’s investment gains and lsses.
D．It had n influence n the adjusted net prfit.
30．Cmpared with Alibaba Grup’s quarterly sales grwth, hw was Tencent’s quarterly sales grwth?
A．Higher.B．Lwer.C．Almst the same.D．Nt mentined.
31．Accrding t the bar chart, what is the largest pssible rati (比率) between the mst prfitable quarter and the least prfitable ne in the net prfit quarters?
A．14:1B．2:1C．3:1D．20:1
题型02 推理判断题
【来源】上海交通大学附属中学2023-2024学年高三上学期期中英语试题
Chinese Teapt Escaping frm British Museum Ges Viral
Chinese state media has praised a viral vide series telling the stry f a jade teapt cming t life and fleeing the British Museum t make its way back hme.
The museum scandal made headlines arund the wrld and reawakened earlier demands by the Chinese media t restre the cuntry’s relics. The new three-part shw has triggered a wave f natinalism amng viewers, with many praising the creative plt that reduced them t tears by shwing hw the teapt experienced the happiness f returning t China t see pandas and watch a flag-raising ceremny n Tiananmen Square.
3．Which f the fllwing can we infer frm the passage?
A．China had already demanded the restratin f its cultural relics befre the scandal.
B．The museum’s awful management and security systems are invlved in the scandal.
C．The Britain Museum is under pressure t return the cultural relics t China sner r later.
D．A Lndn-based Chinese jurnalist has cntributed a lt t the viral three-part vide series.
4．What’s the purpse f the passage?
A．T appeal t Britain t return China’s cultural bjects.
B．T intrduce a viral vide series abut a fleeing jade teapt.
C．T aruse readers’ cncern abut Chinese cultural bjects abrad.
D．T praise Chinese yung peple’s passin fr histry and traditin.
题型03 词义推断题
【来源】2024市上海市杨浦区高三下学期二模英语试题
A frest in Staffrdshire (in the UK) transfrmed int a hi-tech labratry. Researchers here are investigating hw the trees use carbn, and it’s difficult t find ut. In an unusual experiment, extra carbn dixide is piped t the trees, t create the kind f atmspheric cnditins expected in the middle f the century. And instruments measure hw the frest reacts.
The scientist in charge says there’s still a lt t learn. And he wrries that gvernments and cmpanies are rushing t plant trees as an easy answer t climate change. “If yu try and use trees t tidy up the mess that we’re making thrugh emissins, yu are putting thse trees int a very rapidly changing climate and they will struggle t adapt,” said Prfessr Rb MacKenzie, University f Birmingham.
This device tracks the mvement f carbn dixide. In a healthy frest, the gas is nt nly absrbed by the trees but sme is released as well. What scientists here are finding ut is the way carbn flws int a frest and ut f it is a lt mre cmplicated than yu might think. S, if mass tree planting is meant t be a slutin t tackling climate change, the trees are ging t have t be mnitred and cared fr, ver nt just decades, but may be centuries as well.
………
33．The underlined wrd “sme” in the secnd paragraph refers t __________.
A．xygenB．carbn dixideC．messD．purified gas
【来源】2024届上海市崇明区高三上学期一模英语试卷
Mst teachers assign nvels fr students t read nt write. But many teachers natinwide are nt nly asking students t read nvels but als giving them a mnth t write them. Yes, yu read that right: ne mnth.
Hwever, students participating in Nvember’s Natinal Nvel Writing Mnth (NaNWriM) d nt cmplain abut being verwrked. Instead, they have been knwn t ask, “Can we wrk n ur nvels tday?” That’s because, abve all, NaNWriM is meant t be fun. An exercise in “seat-f-yur-pants” nvel writing, it has almst n rules.
………
6．By “seat-f-yur-pants” in paragraph 2, the authr means ________.
A．the nvel writing activity gives its participants pants as awards
B．the participants have t stick n their seats fr lng writing nvels
C．the participants are free t write whatever nvels they can imagine
D．the nvel writing activity needs new rules fr participants t fllw
题型04 主旨归纳题
【来源】上海市宝山区上海大学附属中学2024-2025学年高三上学期期中英语考试卷
Almst half a millin yung ak (橡树) trees have been saved after The Times revealed they were due t be destryed because f delays in gvernment help t create mre wdland.
……….
After The Times reprted n the plan, dzens f charities, cmmunity grups and individuals all ver the cuntry gt in tuch with Maelr t ask if they culd help.
“The nursery discunted the price per tree frm 35 — 40 pence t 20 pence and sld nearly all f the 500,000 it had been planning t destry. Thanks largely t the article in The Times nly a small percentage had t be destryed,” said Mike Harvey, Maelr’s managing directr.
“We are delighted that these ak saplings (幼树) have fund gd hmes. We were frustrated at the prspect f having t destry plants which we had spent tw years grwing nly t find they were being left withut a future fr reasns beynd ur cntrl.”
…………
Natasha Smers, a vlunteer fr Save the Oaks, said, “The supprt we’ve seen shws hw a cmmunity can cme tgether in difficult times. It’s clear that peple want t act fr a better future, ne where humanity and nature are cnnected.”
24．What is the passage mainly abut?
A．A prspective apprach t planting.
B．A natinwide effrt t save ak trees.
C．A tree nursery devted t preserving endangered trees.
D．A species f trees that are threatened with extinctin.
A
（2025年杨浦一模）
Dave McNee met Claudia Mandekic 14 years ag. When she tld McNee hw hard it culd be t get students excited abut math, her favurite discipline, he made a surprising suggestin: “Why nt thrw in smething they enjy, like sprts?” The idea f mixing basketball and mathematics gt its first sht in 2011, when the nw clleagues — wh had launched a tutring nn-prfit — were invited t run a summer-schl prgram fr kids wh’d failed Grade 9 math at Gerges Secndary Schl.
When the students shwed up fr their first day, they weren’t exactly excited. Over the next few hurs, Mandekic and McNee gave the kids techniques t imprve their shting while als helping them calculate their field-gal percentage — which, in turn, taught them abut fractins and decimal (分数和小数) pints. At the end f the game, the winning team was determined based n which grup had the highest ttal percentage and had dne the mst efficient math. “When the bell rang, they were s fixated n cllecting their data and figuring ut which team wn that they didn’t leave,” says Mandekic. “I realized we might be nt smething.”
The classes, later named BallMatics, sn spread t ther schls. “I was terrible at math,” says Duglas, wh enrlled in a fast-track summer prgram. “But nce I started BallMatics and realized the sprt I lved was directly tied t math, it made me a lt better at it. Every time I played basketball, I was thinking abut math.”
Almst any math prblem, McNee and Mandekic realized, can be taught n the curt. Kids can learn hw t navigate an X-Y grid t find their next shting spt r absrb the basic principles f trignmetry based n the angle at which they release the ball. In 2019, McNec and Mandekic established a private high schl called Uchenna Academy. At the schl, kids with tp basketball skills can study all subjects, train at their sprt and wrk part-time helping ut with the BallMatics afterschl prgrams.
Duglas, nw 20 and earning a degree in educatin believes the schl’s cmmitment t academics is the key reasn it’s been a winner. “If we didn’t d ur wrk, we weren’t playing at the game,” he says, adding that caches wuld bench kids wh didn’t keep up in class. “At Uchenna, we were student athletes, nt athlete students.”
36. The first tw paragraphs are intended t tell the readers ______.
A. the rigin f BallMaticsB. the challenges facing BallMatics
C. the start f a lifelng friendshipD. the dedicatin f the yung teachers
37. What made Mandekic and McNee realize that they “might be nt smething”?
A. The students’ prgress in their mathematic skills.
B. The students’ changed attitude twards math.
C. The data cllected abut the students’ gal percentage.
D. The efficiency in determining the winning team.
38. What will happen t the kids wh dn’t d well in class accrding t Duglas?
A. They will be frbidden t leave any training sessin.
B. They will be bliged t earn a training degree first.
C. They will have t attend classes at a private schl.
D. They will be banned frm playing in the game.
39. The best title fr the article is ______.
A. The Basics f MathB. The Rad t Success
C. A Sprts PrincipleD. A Numbers Game
B
（2025年静安一模）
In a twn near the Ptmac River, Gerge and Anne Allen, bth 82, struggle t remain in their belved three-stry huse and neighbrhd. Mr. Allen has had truble walking since he brke his backbne in a fall dwn the stairs, and he expects t lse his driver’s license when it cmes up fr renewal given his physical state. Mrs. Allen recently gt her ft hurt getting ut f bed. Neither can climb up t change the light r bend under the sink t fix a leak. Withut utside help, stres and public lcatins mean unimaginable hikes t them.
S the Allens have banded tgether with their neighbrs, wh are equally determined t avid being frced frm their hmes by dependence. Alng with mre than 100 cmmunities natinwide, their grup is part f a mvement t make neighbrhds cmfrtable places t grw ld in.
“We are ttally dependent n urselves,” Mr. Allen said. “But I want t live in a mixed cmmunity, nt just with the elderly. And as lng as we can d it here, that’s what we want.”
Their grup has been registered as a nnprfit crpratin, is setting membership dues, and is lining up prviders f transprtatin, hme repair, cmpaninship, security and ther services t meet their needs at hme fr as lng as pssible.
Urban planners say this mvement, rganized by residents instead f gvernment agencies, culd make “aging in place” safe and affrdable fr a majrity f elderly peple. Althugh nt the cure- all fr thse with cmplicated medical needs, the apprach addresses what experts say can be a premature decisin by lder peple t give up their hmes in respnse t relatively small prblems. As these small prblems munt, smetimes accmpanied by pressure frm adult children, the elderly hmewner is caught ff guard. Remaining at hme withut sufficient help is frightening. “If peple dn’t feel s verpwered, they dn’t have t jump at precipitus decisins. Actually practices like mving int nursing hmes are hard t be reversed,” said an expert.
Fr inspiratin, “aging in place” grups nw pay yearly dues — $580 fr an individual in exchange fr the security f knwing that carpenters, chefs, cmputer experts r hme health helpers are ne phne call away.
36. What is NOT mentined as a prblem the Allens meet with?
A. Physical weakness due t the brken bne.
B. Pssible lss f driver’s license due t breaking traffic rules.
C. Failure t handle certain fixing tasks due t limited mbility.
D. Difficulty in traveling t public places alne due t physical cnditin.
37. Which f the fllwing statements is TRUE?
A. Peple like Allens gather t live in a special place fr shared elderly caring.
B. The gvernment arranges necessary services fr peple like Allens.
C. Senir peple give up “aging in place” life mainly ut f pressure frm children.
D. “Aging in place” peple pay t have necessary service staff n call.
38. The underlined wrd precipitus in the passage is clsest in meaning t ________.
A. alternativeB. fakeC. rushedD. jint
39. Which f the fllwing is prbably the title f the passage?
A. US grey band fights t stay at hme
B. Attentin, US senirs are suffering
C. At hme vs Nursing hme-a hard chice fr US senirs
D. US adult children, it’s time t care fr yur parents
C
（2025年崇明一模）
A recent grundbreaking study by the Ptsdam Institute fr Climate Impact Research (PIK) frecasts massive financial damages due t climate change, prjecting annual damages f abut $38 trillin ($38 millin millin) by the year 2050. This figure highlights the severe ecnmic challenges that lie ahead n a glbal scale, with the greatest impacts expected t burden the cuntries least respnsible fr greenhuse emissins (排放).
The ecnmic damage, estimated between $19 trillin t $59 trillin by mid-century, primarily stems frm increased temperatures and their subsequent impact n agriculture, labr prductivity, and infrastructure (基础设施). The study als ntes ptential increases in csts due t mre frequent and severe weather events, which are expected t becme mre cmmn as glbal temperatures rise.
The findings reveal a discncerting disparity: natins within the trpical (热带的) regins, which have cntributed least t histrical carbn emissins, are predicted t suffer incme lsses 60% greater than thse in higher-incme, higher-emissin cuntries. This highlights a significant climate justice issue, as these least-develped natins pssess fewer resurces t adapt t increasing climate impacts.
Anders Levermann, head f cmplexity science at PIK and c-authr f the study, emphasized the inequity and urgency f the situatin. “Cuntries in the trpics will suffer the mst because they are already warmer. Further temperature increases will therefre be mst harmful there,” he explained. Levermann argues fr a rapid structural shift twards renewable energy t ease these impacts and stabilize glbal temperatures.
When placed alngside ther majr climate impact frecasts, the PIK study stands ut fr its cmprehensive data analysis and harsh prjectins. Previus studies have similarly highlighted the ecnmic damages f climate change but lacked the extensive reginal and specific insights this study prvides.
The study strngly advcates fr great and immediate reductins in greenhuse gas emissins t avid the wrst f these ecnmic damages. It suggests that slwing climate change is nt nly a mral and envirnmental must but als ecnmically advantageus, as the cst f inactin is far greater than the expenses assciated with reducing glbal warming t manageable levels.
The sciecnmic cnsequences f such extensive ecnmic lsses culd lead t heightened glbal inequality and ptentially, scial unrest. This prjectin stresses the imprtance f internatinal cperatin in climate actin plans and the develpment f fair plicies that recgnize and make up fr the inequities faced by the less develped natins mst affected by climate change.
1．Climate change will cause massive ecnmic damage wrldwide by 2050 mainly because _____.
A．the average wrld temperature will increase much faster than expected
B．rising temperatures will damage farming, infrastructure and prductivity
C．big cuntries will experience ecnmic crises due t mre severe weather events
D．trpical regins are unprepared t adapt t the damages caused by climate change
2．By “a discncerting disparity” in paragraph 3, the authr means _____.
A．pr cuntries least respnsible fr emissin will suffer mst in ecnmy
B．it is prjected that peple in trpical cuntries will earn 60% less by 2050
C．higher-incme cuntries are reluctant t invest in slwing glbal warming
D．higher-emissin cuntries are trying t justify their rle in climate impacts
3．The PIK study aruses the public attentin due t _____.
A．its rigid climate impact frecasts
B．its verall statistics and the severity f its findings
C．its different apprach t analyzing data
D．its similar reginal insights n ecnmic damages
4．What des the PIK study imply?
A．Fair plicies shuld be established t avid further rising f temperatures.
B．Reducing gas emissins will benefit the envirnment but harm the ecnmy.
C．Inequality shuld be reduced thrugh cperatin in fighting climate change.
D．Wealthy cuntries shuld bear the whle cst f cping with glbal warming.
D
（2024闵行二模）
Hundreds f peple die at sea every year due t ship and airplane accidents. Emergency teams have little time t rescue thse in the water because the prbability f finding a persn alive falls dramatically after six hurs. Beynd tides and challenging weather cnditins, unsteady castal currents ften make search and rescue peratins extremely difficult.
New insight int castal flws gained by an internatinal research team led by Gerge Haller, Prfessr f Nnlinear Dynamics at ETH Zurich, prmises t enhance the search and rescue techniques currently in use. Using tls frm dynamical systems thery and cean data, the team has develped an algrithm (算法) t predict where bjects and peple flating in water will g. “Our wrk has a clear ptential t save lives,” says Mattia Serra, the first authr f a study recently published in Nature Cmmunicatins.
In tday’s rescue peratins at sea, cmplicated mdels f cean dynamics and weather frecasting are used t predict the path f flating bjects. Fr fast-changing castal waters, hwever, such predictins are ften inaccurate due t uncertain bundaries and missing data. As a result, a search may be launched in the wrng lcatin, causing a lss f precius time.
Haller’s research team btained mathematical results predicting that bjects flating n the cean’s surface shuld gather alng a few special curves (曲线) which they call TRansient Attracting Prfiles (TRAPs). These curves can’t be seen with ur eyes but can be tracked frm instant cean surface current data using recent mathematical methds develped by the ETH team. This enables quick and precise planning f search paths that are less sensitive t uncertainties in the time and place f the accident.
In cperatin with a team frm MIT, the ETH team tested their new, TRAP-based search algrithm in tw separate cean experiments near Martha’s Vineyard, which is n the nrtheastern cast f the United States. Wrking frm the same real-time data available t the Cast Guard, the team successfully identified TRAPs in the regin in real-time. They fund that buys and manikins (浮标和人体模型) thrwn in the water indeed quickly gathered alng these emerging curves. “Of several cmpeting appraches tested in this prject, this was the nly algrithm that cnsistently fund the right lcatin”, says Haller.
“Our results are rapidly btained, easy t interpret, and cheap t perfrm,” pints ut Serra. Haller stresses: “Our hpe is that this methd will becme a standard part f the tl kit f cast guards everywhere.”
5．In a search and rescue peratin, ________.
A．the survival rate drps t almst zer after six hurs
B．the use f dynamics leads t the wrng lcatin
C．weather cnditins are a determining factr
D．changing currents present a challenge
6．The main significance f the new algrithm is ________.
A．accurately predicting weather cnditins during rescue peratins
B．dependence n satellite technlgy t lcate distressed individuals at sea
C．cst-effective, efficient tracking f bjects and individuals in castal waters
D．predicting the exact time and lcatin f cean accidents
7．Paragraph 5 mainly talks abut ________.
A．the cllectin f data
B．the testing f the algrithm
C．the identificatin f the TRAPs
D．the cperatin f tw research teams
8．Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the passage?
A．Hw Mathematics Can Save Lives at Sea
B．Hw Castal Waters Affect Saving Lives
C．Why Algrithms Are Ppular in Rescue Operatins
D．Why Success Rates f Rescue Operatins Have Fallen