作业8　环境保护类记叙文--2025年高考英语大二轮复习（专练）

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(每小题2.5分，满分30分)
A
(2023·新课标Ⅰ)
When Jhn Tdd was a child，he lved t explre the wds arund his huse，bserving hw nature slved prblems.A dirty stream，fr example，ften became clear after flwing thrugh plants and alng rcks where tiny creatures lived.When he gt lder，Jhn started t wnder if this prcess culd be used t clean up the messes peple were making.
After studying agriculture，medicine，and ①fisheries in cllege，Jhn went back t bserving nature and asking questins.Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria(细菌)? Which kinds f fish can eat ②cancer-causing chemicals? With the right cmbinatin f animals and plants，he figured，maybe he culd clean up waste the way nature did.He decided t build what he wuld later call an ec-machine.
The task Jhn set fr himself was t remve harmful substances frm sme sludge(污泥)．First，he cnstructed a series f clear ③fiberglass tanks cnnected t each ther.Then he went arund t lcal pnds and streams and brught back sme plants and animals.He placed them in the tanks and waited.Little by little，these different kinds f life gt used t ne anther and frmed their wn ④ecsystem.After a few weeks，Jhn added the sludge.
He was amazed at the results.The plants and animals in the ec-machine tk the sludge as fd and began t eat it! Within weeks，it had all been digested，and all that was left was pure water.
Over the years，Jhn has taken n many big jbs.He develped a ⑤greenhuse-like facility that treated sewage(污水) frm 1,600 hmes in Suth Burlingtn.He als designed an ec-machine t clean canal water in Fuzhu，a city in sutheast China.
“Eclgical design” is the name Jhn gives t what he des.“Life n Earth is kind f a bx f spare parts fr the inventr，” he says.“Yu put rganisms in new relatinships and bserve what’s happening.Then yu let these new systems develp their wn ways t self-repair.”
1．What can we learn abut Jhn frm the first tw paragraphs?
A．He was fnd f traveling.
B．He enjyed being alne.
C．He had an inquiring mind.
D．He lnged t be a dctr.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段可知，当约翰·托德还是个孩子的时候，他喜欢探索他家周围的树林，观察大自然是如何解决问题的。长大后，约翰开始思考这个过程是否可以用来清理人们制造的混乱。根据第二段可知，在大学学习了农业、医学和渔业之后，约翰又回到了观察自然和提出问题的生活中。由此可知，约翰聪颖好学、好奇心很强。故选C。
2．Why did Jhn put the sludge int the tanks?
A．T feed the animals.
B．T build an ecsystem.
C．T prtect the plants.
D．T test the ec-machine.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“After a few weeks，Jhn added the sludge.”以及第四段“He was amazed at the results.The plants and animals in the ec-machine tk the sludge as fd and began t eat it! Within weeks，it had all been digested，and all that was left was pure water.”可知，约翰把污泥放进罐子里是为了测试生态机器。故选D。
3．What is the authr’s purpse in mentining Fuzhu?
A．T review Jhn’s research plans.
B．T shw an applicatin f Jhn’s idea.
C．T cmpare Jhn’s different jbs.
D．T erase dubts abut Jhn’s inventin.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Over the years，Jhn has taken n many big jbs.He develped a greenhuse-like facility that treated sewage(污水) frm 1,600 hmes in Suth Burlingtn.He als designed an ec-machine t clean canal water in Fuzhu，a city in sutheast China.”可推知，作者提到福州的目的是展示关于约翰想法的一项实际应用。故选B。
4．What is the basis fr Jhn’s wrk?
A．Nature can repair itself.
B．Organisms need water t survive.
C．Life n Earth is diverse.
D．Mst tiny creatures live in grups.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。根据第一段及最后一段中的“Yu put rganisms in new relatinships and bserve what’s happening.Then yu let these new systems develp their wn ways t self-repair.”可知，约翰工作的基础是大自然可以自我修复。故选A。
B
(2024·山东临沂高三一模)
Watfrd and her family have lived in Curtis Bay，Baltimre fr generatins.Her cmmunity has faced envirnmental ①injustice.Heavy industries cntinued t mve in her cmmunity.As a result，her neighbrs have had t live with serius respiratry(呼吸的) prblems.
When she knew a plan t build the natin’s largest trash-burning incineratr(焚化炉) less than a mile away frm her high schl，she realized she had t take actin.The incineratr was being sld wrngly as clean，②renewable energy equipment but actually it wuld be a surce f ③brain-damaging chemicals and wuld release 200 millin tns f greenhuse gases per year，bth wrse than cal burning.Watfrd felt she had a respnsibility t warn her cmmunity t wrk tgether t shut this plant dwn.
She c-funded Free Yur Vice(FYV)，a 10-persn student rganizatin devted t cmmunity rights and scial justice.Tgether，they decided t start a campaign t take dwn Energy Answers，the incineratr’s develper.They went ④dr-t-dr talking t neighbrs and rganizing prtests.
When it was discvered that Baltimre City Public Schls(BCPS) was ging t be a custmer f Energy Answers，the rganizatin fught with the bard and presented their case，urging BCPS t withdraw frm the prject.BCPS was cnvinced t cancel their cntract，which in turn inspired 22 ther custmers t d the same.Withut any financial gain，Energy Answers had n market t mve frward with its plan.
Watfrd cntinues t wrk with Curtis Bay residents tward fair develpment.They have a visin fr the future which includes building a zer-waste mvement，a slar farm，and green jbs.She wants the entire human family t jin the fight fr envirnmental justice because survival as a species depends n ur ability t take actin.
5．What caused respiratry prblems in Watfrd’s cmmunity?
A．Pr medical care.
B．Terrible envirnmental cnditins.
C．Cnstant bacterial infectin.
D．Unbalanced distributin f resurces.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Her cmmunity has faced envirnmental injustice. Heavy industries cntinued t mve in her cmmunity. As a result, her neighbrs have had t live with serius respiratry(呼吸的) prblems.”可知，恶劣的环境条件导致Watfrd所在社区的居民出现呼吸问题，故选B。
6．What is Watfrd’s attitude t building the incineratr?
A．Unfavurable. B．Dubtful.
C．Unclear. D．Indifferent.
答案 A
解析 观点态度题。根据第二段末句“Watfrd felt she had a respnsibility t warn her cmmunity t wrk tgether t shut this plant dwn.”可知，Watfrd反对建立垃圾焚化炉，故选A。
7．What was the result f their campaign?
A．BCPS lst financial supprt.
B．Energy Answers stpped its plan.
C．The investrs fund a new market.
D．Many custmers revised their cntracts.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第四段最后两句“BCPS was cnvinced mve frward with its plan.”可知，Watfrd发起的运动迫使开发商Energy Answers停止了其计划。故选B。
8．What wuld be the best title fr the text?
A．A Teenage Her Against Urbanizatin
B．A Teenage Her Fighting fr an Advanced City
C．A Battle fr Baltimre’s Sky by a Teenage Her
D．The Scial Justice Challenge fr a Teenage Her
答案 C
解析 标题归纳题。根据全文内容可知，文章主要讲述恶劣的环境导致Watfrd所在社区的居民出现健康问题，Watfrd和另外9名学生成立Free Yur Vice组织，发起反对建立垃圾焚化炉的运动，最终迫使该项目被叫停，故C项“少年英雄为巴尔的摩的天空而战”为最佳标题，故选C。
C
(2024·广东江门一模)
Acrss the wrld，humans purchase arund 1.3 billin ①single-use plastic water bttles a day.Because nly abut 9% f plastic is recycled，the vast majrity f thse bttles ②wind up in landfills，the cean，r elsewhere in nature.
When beach-lving Madisn nticed thse plastic bttles during her family’s trips t Califrnia，the 12-year-ld girl “just felt this needed t change，” she tld Smithsnian Magazine.
S as she began thinking abut what t d fr her schl science fair back in 2021，the idea f a prject centered n reducing plastic pllutin quickly came t her mind: she wuld design an ③eatable water bttle called the Ec-Her.
“One f my biggest ambitins fr my prject was wanting t help the wrld，” the cnfident yung inventr said in a vide n the website.
T bring her idea t life，Madisn built upn the already established methd by experimenting with cmmn fd materials.She als tk inspiratin frm previus versins f eatable water bttles，thugh she fcused n making hers bigger and mre durable.She fund that the cmbinatin f water，lemn juice，natural gum，and Alginic acid(褐藻酸) resulted in a gel puch that wuldn’t break，culd hld up t 3/4 cup f water，and wuld last in the fridge fr three weeks.
Thugh she’d like t imprve the Ec-Her by making it able t hld mre water，she believes her current versin wuld wrk well as a replacement fr the paper cups used by runners in races.All ne needs t d is bite a hle in the water ball，drink the water，and then eat the puch r thrw it away t bidegrade.
Madisn hpes the Ec-Her inspires thers t take better care f the planet.“It desn’t necessarily have t be in a big way，” she tld Smithsnian.“Peple can still make a difference in the wrld，even if it’s just in a small way.”
9．What inspired Madisn’s design f an eatable water bttle?
A．Her schl’s task.
B．Her family’s urge.
C．Her lve fr nature.
D．Her trips t the beach.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段“When beach- tld Smithsnian Magazine.”可知，Madisn在旅行时发现海滩上有塑料瓶，这让她产生了设计可食用水瓶的想法。故选D。
10．What can we knw abut the Ec-Her?
A．It is a cpy f the previus versins.
B．It is made frm ④unbreakable materials.
C．It is an imprvement in size and ⑤durability.
D．It has a hle and shuld be dispsed nce used.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第五段中的“She bigger and mre durable.”可知，她从以前的可食用水瓶中获得灵感，并且让自己的水瓶更大、更耐用，也就是在体积和耐用性上有了改善。故选C。
11．Which f the fllwing wrds can best describe Madisn?
A．Ambitius and creative.
B．Talented and determined.
C．Curageus and cnfident.
D．Cperative and cmmitted.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。根据第五段中的“T bring
her idea t durable.”可知，Madisn根据已经建立的方法和从以前的可食用水瓶中获得的灵感，通过实验设计出了更大、更耐用的水瓶，由此可推测出，她是有创造力的(creative)。根据第四段可知，她有帮助世界的抱负，即她是有抱负的(ambitius)。故选A。
12．Which sentence can describe the main idea f the text?
A．A gd beginning is half dne.
B．Small peple make big mves.
C．Where there is a will，there is a way.
D．Great minds think alike.
答案 B
解析 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段中Madisn的话“It desn’t necessarily have t be in a big way”和“Peple can still make a difference in the wrld，even if it’s just in a small way.”可知，年仅12岁的女孩Madisn设计出了可食用的水瓶，用自己的方式帮助保护环境，她认为人们不一定要做出非常大的成就，小事情也能有重要影响，所以B项“小人物也能有大成就”能概括本文大意。故选B。
语境猜词答案
A．①渔业；渔场；水产业 ②致癌的 ③玻璃纤维；玻璃丝 ④生态系统 ⑤类似温室的
B．①不公正，无道义 ②可更新的，可再生的 ③损伤大脑的 ④挨家挨户地
C．①一次性的 ②结束，终结 ③可吃的，可食用的 ④牢不可破的；不易破损的 ⑤持久性，耐用性语篇解读 这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了约翰·托德从小就很爱思考且好学，他建造了一个生态机器，利用自然可以自我修复的原理来净化污水。
语境猜词
①fishery(派)＝fish＋ery ________________________
②cancer-causing(合)＝cancer＋causing __________
③fiberglass(合)＝fiber＋glass ________________________
④ecsystem(派)＝ec＋system ____________
⑤greenhuse-like(合)＝greenhuse＋like ____________________
语篇解读 这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了恶劣的环境导致Watfrd所在社区的居民出现健康问题，Watfrd和另外9名学生成立Free Yur Vice组织，发起反对建立垃圾焚化炉的运动，最终迫使该项目被叫停。
语境猜词
①injustice(派)＝in＋justice __________________
②renewable(派)＝re＋new＋able__________________
③brain-damaging(合)＝brain＋damaging__________________
④dr-t-dr(合)＝dr＋t＋dr__________________
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了12岁的女孩Madisn为了解决塑料瓶污染的问题，发明了可食用的水瓶。
语境猜词
①single-use(合)＝single＋use__________
②wind up__________
③eatable(派)＝eat＋able __________
④unbreakable(派)＝un＋break＋able____________________
⑤durability(派)＝durable＋ity ____________________