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技能强化练专题一 阅读理解-2022届高考英语二轮复习（新高考）
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这是一份技能强化练专题一 阅读理解-2022届高考英语二轮复习（新高考），共22页。
（1）阅读理解—【新课标新高考】2022届高考英语二轮复习技能强化练
1. Brain disease research could be sped up using a smartphone-controlled "plug-and-play" neural implant (神经植入管) invented by scientists from the USA and South Korea.
The researchers, who come primarily from the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) and the University of Washington, designed the soft device to deliver drugs or coloured lights directly to targeted neurons (神经元), with the goal of accelerating discovery about addiction, depression and pain. The LEDs involved are smaller than a grain of salt, and the drugs are delivered by tiny channels with the thickness of a human hair.
For researchers, the main advantage of the new wireless implant is ease of use. The inventors describe its replaceable drug tube as "lego-like" and "plug-and-lay", while set-up happens over an "elegant, simple" smartphone interface (界面).
For the subjects, in current testing — the small, soft device won't impede movement and is safer to use over time.
Current devices used in this field are rigid, so they cause damages in soft brain tissue over time. With the new devices, scientists can now monitor one area of the brain over much longer periods, and with the test subjects moving freely.
"It allows us to better analyze the neural basis of behavior in various ways," said Michael Bruchas, a professor at the University of Washington School of Medicine who heads the Bruchas Lab. "We are also eager to use the device to help us develop new treatments for pain, addiction and emotional disorders."
The researchers, who published their findings in the journal Nature Biomedical Engineering, created the implant for laboratory use with animals but would like to develop the technology for clinical applications in the future, meaning one day a similar device could be tested on humans.
Their invention comes after three years of cooperation between the Jeong group at KAIST in Daejeon and the Bruchas Lab in Seattle. The former specializes in soft electronics for wearable and implantable devices, while the latter is a research laboratory focusing on stress, depression, addiction, pain and other diseases.
1. How does the device work?
A. It locates a certain position in neurons.
B. It directly cures the damaged neurons.
C. It delivers drugs through a human hair.
D. It directly controls coloured lights.
2. Which is closest in meaning to the underlined word "impede" in Paragragh 4?
A. Destroy B. Increase. C. Improve. D. Prevent.
3. What can we learn about the device?
A. It helps to observe the whole brain work.
B. It has been tested on humans to deal with diseases.
C. It helps to find new ways to cure some diseases.
D. It has been invented by the Bruchas Lab.
4. What is the best title for the text?
A. Brain Neural Implant by Smartphone
B. A New Smartphone That Controls Brain
C. The Development in Exploring Brains
D. A New Cure for the Brain Diseases
2. During an interview for one of my books, my interviewer said something I still think about often. Annoyed by the level of distraction(干扰) in his open office, he said, "That's why I have a membership at the co-working space across the street—so I can focus. His comment struck me as strange. After all, co-working spaces also typically use an open office layout(布局). But I recently came across a study that shows why his approach works.
The researchers examined various levels of noise on participants as they completed tests of creative thinking. They were randomly divided into four groups and exposed to various noise levels in the background, from total silence to 50 decibels(分贝), 70 decibels, and 85 decibels. The differences between most of the groups were statistically insignificant; however, the participants in the 70 decibels group—those exposed to a level of noise similar to background chatter in a coffee shop—significantly outperformed the other groups. Since the effects were small, this may suggest that our creative thinking does not differ that much in response to total silence and 85 decibels of background noise.
But since the results at 70 decibels were significant, the study also suggests that the right level of background noise— not too loud and not total silence—may actually improve one's creative thinking ability. The right level of background noise may interrupt our normal patterns of thinking just enough to allow our imaginations to wander, without making it impossible to focus. This kind of "distracted focus" appears to be the best state for working on creative tasks.
So why do so many of us hate our open offices? The problem may be that, in our offices, we can't stop ourselves from getting drawn into others' conversations while we're trying to focus. Indeed, the researchers found that face-to-face interactions and conversations affect the creative process, and yet a co-working space or a coffee shop provides a certain level of noise while also providing freedom from interruptions.
1. Why does the interviewer prefer a co-working space?
A. It helps him concentrate. B. It blocks out background noise.
C. It has a pleasant atmosphere. D. It encourages face-to-face interactions.
2. Which level of background noise may promote creative thinking ability?
A. Total silence. B. 50 decibels C. 70 decibels. D. 85 decibels.
3. What makes an open office unwelcome to many people?
A. Personal privacy unprotected. B. Limited working space.
C. Restrictions on group discussion. D. Constant interruptions.
4. What can we infer about the author from the text?
A. He's a news reporter.
B. He's an office manager.
C. He's a professional designer.
D. He's a published writer.
3. Although we're surrounded by millions of them every day, most of us don't think about bricks too often. For thousands of years, the humble clay-fired brick hasn't changed.
They're made from natural materials, but there are problems with bricks at every step of their production. Bricks are made from clay—a type of soil found all over the world. Clay mining harms plant growth. In conventional brick production, the clay is shaped and baked in kilns(窑炉) heated by fossil fuels, which contributes to climate change. Once made, bricks must be transported to construction sites, generating more carbon emissions. With so many bricks produced globally, their impact adds up.
Gabriela Medero, a professor at Scotland's Heriot-Watt University, decided to find solutions to that. With her university's support, Medero set up Kenoteq in 2009. The company's signature product is the K-Briq. Made from more than 90% construction waste, Medero says the K-Briq, which does not need to be fired in a kiln, produces less than a tenth of the carbon emissions of conventional bricks. With the company testing new machinery to start manufacturing, Medero hopes her bricks will help to build a more sustainable world.
The K-Briq will be comparably priced to old bricks. Additionally, as a new product, the K-Briq has been subjected to strict assessment and authoritative certification. Reusing old bricks is an expensive process and there is no standardized way to check the strength, safety or durability (耐久性) of recycled bricks. Medero says that K-Briqs could solve both these problems. She claims that K-Briqs are stronger and more durable than fired clay bricks.
Over the next 18 months, Medero plans to get K-Briq machinery on-site at recycling plants. "This will reduce transport-related emissions because trucks can collect K-Briqs when they drop off construction waste," says Medero.
1. What inspired Medero to reinvent the conventional bricks?
A. The poor quality of the bricks. B. The outdated style of the bricks.
C. The high cost of manufacturing bricks. D. The problems with the brick production.
2. Why is the K-Briq production sustainable?
A. It won't produce extra waste.
B. It brings no pollution to the air.
C. The plants occupy much less land than before.
D. The products are mainly made from construction waste.
3. What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?
A. The popularity of the K-Briqs.
B. The advantages of K-Briqs over traditional bricks.
C. The special materials used in K-Briqs.
D. The advanced technology used for K-Briqs.
4. Why does Medero decide to put K-Briq machines at recycling factories?
A. To ensure fewer emissions. B. To speed up the production.
C. To lower the production cost. D. To collect more construction waste.
4. For millions of years, Arctic sea ice has expanded and shrunk in a rhythmic dance with the summer sun. Humans evolved in this icy world, and civilization relied on it for climatic, ecological and political stability. But now the world comes ever closer to a future without ice. The National Snow and Ice Data Center reported that 2019's minimum arctic sea ice extent was the second lowest on record. Arctic summers could become mostly ice-free in 30 years, and possibly sooner if current trends continue. As the northern sea ice declines, the world must unite to preserve what remains of the Arctic.
Although most people have never seen the sea ice, its effects are never far away. By reflecting sunlight, Arctic ice acts as Earth's air conditioner. Once d ark water replaces brilliant ice, Earth could warm substantially, equivalent to the warming caused by the additional release of a trillion tons of carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere and declining sea ice threatens wildlife, from the polar bear to algae that grow beneath the sea ice, supporting the large amount of marine life.
To avoid the consequences the scientific community should advocate not just for lowering greenhouse gas emissions, but also for protecting the Arctic from exploitation. The Antarctic shows the way. In the 1950s, countries raced to claim the Antarctic continent for resources and military installations. Enter the scientists. The 1957-1958 International Geophysical Year brought together scientists from competing countries to study Antarctica, and countries temporarily suspended their territorial disputes(争议). In 1959, 12 countries signed the Antarctic Treaty to preserve the continent for peaceful scientific discovery rather than territorial and military gain.
Sixty years later, we must now save the Arctic. A new Marine Arctic Peace Sanctuary (MAPS) Treaty would protect the Arctic Ocean as a scientific preserve for peaceful purposes only. Similar to Antarctica, MAPS would prohibit resource exploitation, commercial fishing and shipping, and military exercises. So far, only 2 non-Arctic countries have signed MAPS; 97 more need to sign on to enact it into law. Scientists can help- -just as they did for the Antarctic—by giving statements of support, asking scientific organizations to endorse(支持) the treaty, communicating the importance of protecting the arctic to the public and policy-makers, and above all, by convincing national leaders to sign the treaty. In particular, Arctic nations must agree that recognizing the arctic as an international preserve is better than fighting over it. In 2018, these countries successfully negotiated a 16-year moratorium on commercial fishing in the Arc tic high seas, demonstrating that such agreements are possible.
Humans have only ever lived in a world topped by ice. Can we now work together to protect Arctic ecosystems, keep the northern peace, and allow the: sea ice to return?
1. What can be inferred from the passage?
A. wildlife relies on sea ice for food and water. B. The Arctic would be ice-free in 30 years.
C. Sea ice slows down the global warming. D. The melting of sea ice releases CO2.
2. The Antarctic is mentioned in the passage in order to _____.
A. remind readers of the past of the Antarctic
B. propose a feasible approach for the Arctic
C. stress the importance of preserving sea ice
D. recall how the Antarctic Treaty came into being
3. The word "moratorium"(in paragraph 4) is closest in meaning to ______.
A. battle B. ban C. memo D. protection
4. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?
A. Antarctic: a Successful Comeback? B. Sea Ice and Global Warming
C. Arctic: the Earth's Future D. Life Without Ice?
5. On the evening of April 8,Dunhuang Academy and Huawei jointly launched a brand-new technology-driven tour experience at the Mogao Grottoes(莫高窟).Using Huawei's newly-released Hetu AI platform, coupled with the output of the Digital Dunhuang project, visitors to the Mogao Grottoes can enjoy a fantasy experience prior to entering the attraction.
Zhao Shengliang, director of the Dunhuang Academy, said that it has been cooperating with Huawei since March 2019.Using Huawei's latest Hetu technology, visitors are able to see the detailed contents of the Dunhuang Art Murals(壁画)outside the caves, through their Huawei mobile phones. This will reduce the time tourists spend inside the cave, aiding the protection of the cultural relics, while at the same time helping to increase the amount of information visitors can obtain. It is also considered to be a new way of promoting Dunhuang Art.
The Dunhuang Academy has used digital technology to preserve the research and exploration of Dunhuang Grottoes since the early 1990s.It has collected a wealth of data and has realized the goal of sharing of digital Dunhuang globally. It has played an important role in the protection and research of cultural site,as well as promoting the development and progress of related work.
The Huawei Hetu platform unites Dunhuang's study findings, high-resolution images of the site's murals and virtual, three-dimensional models with the real Mogao Grottoes. It has not only re-created the real tour of the scenic spot, but also developed a new way of digitally experiencing the grottoes. When people visit the site, they not only have the experience of seeing the real grottoes, but they can appreciate the admirable artworks more clearly and in greater detail.
In the future, Dunhuang Academy will continue to cooperate with Huawei to create more colorful virtual content to enrich the experience of Mogao Art on the platform, helping people around the world get to know Dunhuang Art better.
1. Which is NOT the advantage of the Hetu technology?
A. Decrease the cost of the visitors.
B. Reduce the time visitors spend inside the cave.
C. Help to protect the cultural relics.
D. Provide more information for tourists.
2. How long has the Dunhuang Academy used digital technology?
A. About a year. B. 90 years. C. Nearly 30 years. D. 10 years.
3. What's the author's attitude towards the cooperation between Dunhuang and Huawei?
A. Doubtful. B. Opposed. C. Indifferent. D. Hopeful.
4. What is the best title for the text?
A. Dunhuang Academy Preserves Grottoes Well
B. AI Tech Helps Tourists Enjoy Dunhuang's Art
C. Huawei Newly Released Hetu AI
D. Dunhuang Grottoes Attract Tourists
6. This is going to ruffle(激怒) a few feathers.
PepsiCo purposely packs fewer chips into its flavored chip bags, Hugh Johnston, the company's CFO, told the Associated Press. "There might be an ounce or two less in those bags," Johnston said. Actually, it's half an ounce less. Regular Lay's are sold in 10-ounce bags; flavored Lay's are sold in 9.5-ounce bags; and both are sold for the same $4.29 price. That might not sound like a lot, but it will sound like a lot with a bit of simple maths.
Americans buy some $1.6 billion worth of Lay's potato chips every year. Much of that is sold in bulk—or merely in bags bigger than the standard ones mentioned above. But let's assume for a second that those 10-ounce bags are the only ones Lay's sells. That would mean the company sells more than 372 million bags of Lay's in the US each year—or 3.72 billion ounces of chips, at about 43 cents per ounce. It would also mean that that half-ounce difference is worth about 21.5 cents per bag, and about $80 million in total per year.
That number is likely a good deal lower, but it's not entirely unreasonable. If Lay's is charging an extra payment for the smaller flavored chip bags, it's likely doing the same for the bigger ones, too. That tiny half-ounce difference might only mean a potato chip or two to you, but it's probably worth tens of millions of dollars to PepsiCo annually.
PepsiCo confirmed that flavored and unflavored Lay's chips are sold for the same price, but not in the same quantity. "This allows us to keep the same price point across the brand," Jeff Dahncke said in an email. He also suggested that the chip difference has nothing to do with extra profit. "The reason why there is a slightly higher price per ounce for flavored chips is the added seasonings(调味品)," he said. But that doesn't appear to be the case.
Some of the mar-ups are simply meant to make up for the added input costs of cheese, barbecue, sour cream and onion, and other flavorings. But some of them are also there (or not there) to increase the potato chip maker's profits. PepsiCo has a soft spot for its specialty potato chips, because its specialty potato chips are more profitable than its regular ones, according to Johnston.
Perhaps that's why Lay's is getting ready to launch a mass of new specialty potato chip flavors. The launch is part of PepsiCo's annual "Do Us a Flavor" contest, in which it lets customers participate in the flavor creation process.
1. What did PepsiCo do to arouse public dissatisfaction?
A. They gave short weight to their flavored chips.
B. They raised the price of their flavored chips.
C. They changed the flavors of their potato chips.
D. They put more seasonings into their potato chips.
2. How is Paragraph 3 mainly developed?
A. By listing figures. B. By giving examples.
C. By analyzing causes. D. By making comparisons.
3. Why do Lay's flavored chips charge more per ounce according to Jeff Dahncke?
A. To make more profits. B. To upgrade their products.
C. To balance additional costs. D. To satisfy more people's taste.
4. What does the underlined phrase "has a soft spot for" in the last but one paragraph mean?
A. Has a say in. B. Has a look at.
C. Has access to. D. Has affection for.
7. Today's journalists face modern challenges. Online media platforms are springing up. And the lowly newspaper—and its reporters—are fighting money, tech, and distrust issues. Journalism students and teachers must emphasize new skills to keep their profession alive.
A trustworthy press helps inform people and monitor all levels of government. That is essential to a nation. Yet this useful establishment is growing increasingly unpopular. According to the University of North Carolina (UNC), newsroom jobs across the Country are fewer than half what they were 10 years ago. And on many college campuses, the news about the news is bleak too.
Take the Syracuse, New York, student-run newspaper The Daily Orange: It isn't daily anymore. The paper prints just three times each week. Next year, The Diamondback of the University of Maryland will be online only. Half the newspapers that still exist on paper say they don't print as many copies. And UNC's The Daily Tar Heel has cut staff pay and rented cheaper offices to make its budget.
Considering the problems in journalism, it's surprising that the enrollment(注册人数) in college journalism programs is up. The Daily Orange managing editor Catherine Leffert calls the layoffs and cutbacks disheartening. "But what keeps me wanting to be a journalist is seeing the effect that The Daily Orange has," he says.
But journalism educators wonder, "Are we preparing young people for a dying industry?" Years ago, journalism graduates took low-level reporter jobs at newspapers or television stations. That still happens. But today's jobs more often involve digital editing, social media production, and video streaming. Some universities are taking action. The University of Florida offers a sports media program. Several schools highlight statistics-driven data journalism.
The news isn't all bad. Journalism professor Kathleen Culver says, "When I look at 18-and 20-year-olds in journalism and see what they want to do, I'm optimistic." Maddy Arrowood is the student editor of The Daily Tar Heel. She says her experience makes her more interested in a journalism career, not less. Her optimism "comes from knowing that people still need news. They still need information."
1. What does the underlined word "bleak" in paragraph 2 mean?
A. Hopeless B. Interesting C. Useless D. Encouraging
2. How do some universities respond to the problem of today's journalism?
A. They reduce student enrollment.
B. They offer students specialized programs.
C. They prepare students for low-level reporter jobs.
D. They encourage students to run their own newspaper.
3. Why is Maddy Arrowood mentioned in the last paragraph?
A. To show people's positive attitudes to journalists.
B. To prove the potential of a career in journalism.
C. To show the popularity of The Daily Tar Heel.
D. To prove people's thirst for the latest news.
4. What might be the best title for the text?
A. What is journalism? B. What does a journalist do?
C. Does journalism have a future? D. Are journalists still influential today?
8. British sculptor Jason Taylor has made it his mission to use his talent to conserve our ecosystems by creating underwater museums. Over the years, the environmentalist has put over 850 massive artworks underwater worldwide. On February 1, 2021, Taylor launched his latest work---The Underwater Museum of Cannes.
"The main goal was to bring attention to the fact that our oceans need our help," Taylor told Dezeen. "Ocean ecologies have been destroyed by human activity in the Mediterranean over the past few decades, and it is not obvious what is taking place when observing the sea from afar."
The Underwater Museum of Cannes contains 6 sculptures featuring local residents of various ages. They range from Maurice, an 80-year-old fisherman, to Anouk, a 9-year-old student. Towering over 6-feet-tall and weighing 10 tons, the faces are sectioned into two parts, with the outer part like a mask. The mask indicates that the world's oceans appear powerful and unbeatable from the surface but house an ecosystem that is extremely fragile to careless human activities.
Though the waters surrounding the sculptures now appear a pristine blue, the seabed was filled with old boat engines, pipes, and other human-made trash when the project began about four years ago. Besides removing the trash, Taylor also restored the area's seagrass. Just one square meter of the seagrass can generate up to 10 liters of oxygen daily. The seagrass also helps prevent coastal erosion and provides habitats for many ocean creatures.
"The idea of creating an underwater museum was to draw more people underwater and develop a sense of care and protection," Taylor told Dezeen. "If we threw unwanted waste near a forest, there would be a public outcry. But this is happening every day in our surrounding waters and it largely goes unnoticed."
1. What are the underwater museums intended to do?
A. To make huge profits.
B. To raise awareness of protecting the ocean.
C. To show Jason Taylor's talent.
D. To draw attention to endangered sea animals.
2. Why does the outer part of the sculptures look like a mask?
A. To popularize the features of the locals.
B. To remind people to protect themselves.
C. To reflect people's protection of the ocean.
D. To stress the sensitiveness of the ecosystem.
3. What's Paragraph 4 mainly about?
A. How the project was started.
B. How the seagrass was restored.
C. What recovery effort the project made.
D. Why the surroundings were improved.
4. What can we infer from what Jason Taylor said in the last paragraph?
A. The situation of the ocean is easily ignored.
B. The destruction caused to the ocean is noticeable.
C. Forests play a more important role in ecosystems.
D. People have zero tolerance to damage done to nature.
9. One of the greatest challenges in caring for such intelligent animals as chimpanzees(猩猩) is providing them with enriching experiences. Every day, the chimpanzees at Project Chimps receive morning and evening food-based enrichment devices, but caregivers are always looking for more ways to keep the chimps mentally engaged. With 79 chimpanzees, each with their distinctive personality, care staff often find that different chimps react differently to new enrichment.
Last year, we began inviting musicians to perform for chimps to see what they may respond. A violin performance received quite the response. Additional musicians were lined up to visit but the coronavirus has stopped the activities, which we hope to resume in the near future.
This past week, we brought an electric piano for the chimps to investigate. Some chimps, like twins Buttercup and Clarisse, were immediately interested and could not wait to tap out a few notes. Others, like Emma, were more interested in trying to take it apart.
29-year-old Precious has very little tolerance for the piano. She sat off to the side for a few minutes, but eventually she decided enough was enough. She called an end to the enrichment session by throwing a handful of waste at the piano. Receiving her message loud and clear, we removed the piano.
We could never have guessed how 33-year-old Luke would react to it. As with many retired lab chimpanzees, Luke has some anxiety issues. He seems particularly distrustful of anything new, including people, food, and enrichment. But when we presented the chimps with the piano, Luke was the first to investigate. We could not believe our eyes—this usually anxious chimpanzee bravely chose to explore something new!
To us at Project Chimps, this is what it is all about: giving chimpanzees the freedom to choose. We are honored to be part of their journey.
1. Why do chimpanzees respond differently to new enrichment?
A. They are of different genders.
B. They have natural curiosities.
C. They are as intelligent as humans.
D. They have their unique characters.
2. Who showed the least interest in the piano?
A. Buttercup and Clarisse. B. Emma.
C. Precious. D. Luke.
3. What does the underlined word "resume" in Paragraph 2 mean?
A. Continue. B. Suspend. C. Monitor. D. Regulate.
4. What is the text mainly about?
A. How caregivers care for the retired chimpanzees.
B. What care staff do to enrich chimpanzees' daily life.
C. How chimpanzees are trained through various enrichment.
D. What Project Chimps does to observe and study wild chimps.
10. Glenn was born on July 18,1921, in Cambridge and grew up in nearby New Concord, Ohio. He started his flying career as a fighter pilot(飞行员). Later, Glenn took a dangerous job as a test pilot, flying new planes to see if they were safe.
In the late 1950s, a "space race" began between the U. S. and the Soviet Union. Both countries wanted to be the first to send a human into space, including to the moon. In 1961, a Russian astronaut, Yuri Gagarin, orbited Earth. But the space race was not over yet. Glenn's chance to go into space came on February 20, 1962. By that time, another American, Alan B. Shepard, had flown in space, but he had not orbited Earth. Glenn's flight was aired live on television and radio. Americans everywhere stopped to watch.
Glenn's Friendship 7 capsule circled the planet three times. A faulty equipment led Glenn to believe the capsule might burn up on its return to Earth, but in the end it splashed down safely in the Atlantic Ocean. He became the first American to orbit Earth in a spaceship.
In 1984, Glenn ran for president, but he did not get enough support and dropped out of the race. Glenn returned to space on October 29, 1998, when he was 77. He spent nine days on the space shuttle Discovery. Glenn went so that scientists could the effects of space travel on older people. He holds the record for being the oldest person in space. Glenn died Thursday, Dec, 8,2016, at the age of 95.
Glenn refused to see himself as a hero. He preferred to focus on his work, saying. "If there is one thing I've learned in my years on this planet, it's that the happiest people I've known are those who devoted themselves to something bigger and more meaningful than merely their own self-interest."
1. What do we know about John Glenn?
A. He worked as a fighter pilot in all his life
B. He succeeded in the race for president in 1984
C. He competed with another pilot Alan B in space race
D. He was the first American to circle Earth successfully
2. What happened during Glenn's return to Earth?
A. The capsule opened while circling Earth
B. One part of the equipment went wrong
C. The capsule was on fire all of a sudden
D. The spaceship stopped working halfway
3. Why did Glenn return to space in 1998?
A. To prove the safety of new space shuttles
B. To get support for his running for president
C. To test how space travel affected the elderly
D. To become the oldest person in space by orbiting Earth
4. What can we learn from Glenn's words in the last paragraph?
A. Selfish people care for their own interest
B. Happy people are likely to succeed easily
C. He has known most of the successful people
D. The people who work for others are the happiest
答案以及解析
1.答案：1.A; 2.D; 3.C; 4.A
解析：1.细节理解题。由第二段第一句"The researchers, who come primarily from the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) and the University of Washington, designed the soft device to deliver drugs or coloured lights directly to targeted neurons (神经元), with the goal of accelerating discovery about addiction, depression and pain.(这些研究人员主要来自韩国高级科学技术研究所(KAIST)和华盛顿大学,他们设计了一种软性装置,将药物或彩灯直接传送到靶向神经元,目的是加速发现上瘾、抑郁和疼痛)可知,这种装置是在神经元中的某个位置上工作。故选A
2.词义猜测题。由第四段句子For the subjects, in current testing — the small, soft device won't impede movement and is safer to use over time.(对受试者来说,在目前的测试中,这种小巧、柔软的设备不会impede运动,而且随着时间的推移使用起来更安全)可推知,这种小巧、柔软的设备不会妨碍运动。由此可知,划线词impede意为"妨碍、阻止"。故选D项。
3.细节理解题。由倒数第三段最后一句We are also eager to use the device to help us develop new treatments for pain, addiction and emotional disorders.(我们也渴望利用这一设备帮助我们开发出治疗疼痛、上瘾和情绪障碍的新疗法)可知,此设备有助于找到治疗某些疾病的新方法。故选C项。
4.主旨大意题。由第一段句子Brain disease research could be sped up using a smartphone-controlled "plug-and-play" neural implant invented by scientists from the USA and South Korea.(脑疾病的研究可以被加快,通过使用由美国和韩国科学家发明的智能手机控制的神经植入管)可知,文章第一段点明了本文主要讲智能手机控制的神经植入管,后面段落是对此设备的介绍。故选A项。
2.答案：1-4.ACDD
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段中的"That's why I have a membership at the co-working space across the street—so I can focus."可知,采访者喜欢共享办公区域的原因是那里可以帮助他集中精力。故选A项。
2.细节理解题。根据第二段中的"The differences between most of the groups were statistically insignificant; however, the participants in the 70 decibels group—those exposed to a level of noise similar to background chatter in a coffee shop—significantly outperformed the other groups."和第三段中的"But since the results at 70 decibels were significant, the study also suggests that the right level of background noise—not too loud and not total silence—may actually improve one's creative thinking ability."可知,70分贝的那组参与者表现好于其他组,所以70分贝的噪声背景环境更有可能促进创造性思维能力。故选C项。
3.细节理解题。根据最后一段内容可知,开放式办公室不受人们欢迎的原因是其让我们不断地卷入别人的谈话中,受到很多干扰。故选D项。
4.推理判断题。根据第一段中的"During an interview for one of my books, my interviewer said something I still think about often."可知,作者提到有人采访自己的书,所以可以推断,作者是一位作家。故选D项。
3.答案：1-4.DDBA
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第二段中的"They're made from natural materials, but there are problems with bricks at every step of their production."可知,传统砖块在生产过程中出现了很多问题,这激发了Medero重新发明砖块的想法。
2.细节理解题。根据第三段中的"The company's signature product is the K-Brig. Made from more than 90% construction waste... Medero hopes her bricks will help to build a more sustainable world."可知,K-Briq砖块由90%以上的建筑废料制成,与传统砖块相比更环保,这能帮助建立一个更可持续的世界。
3.段落大意题。根据第四段中的"The K-Briq will be comparably priced to old bricks... K-Bris are stronger and more durable than fired clay bricks."可知,此段主要介绍K-Briq砖块相对于传统砖块的优势。
4.细节理解题。根据最后一段中"This will reduce transport-related emissions..."可知,Medero决定把K-Briq机器放在回收厂是为了减少相关的排放。
4.答案：1-4 CBBD
解析：1.推理判断题。根据第二段中"By reflecting sunlight, Arctic ice acts as Earth's air conditioner. (通过反射阳光,北极冰起到了地球空调的作用)"可知,海冰减缓了全球变暖。故选C项。
2.推理判断题。根据第三段中"To avoid the consequences the scientific community should advocate not just for lowering greenhouse gas emissions, but also for protecting the Arctic from exploitation. The Antarctic shows the way. (为了避免这种后果,科学界不仅应该提倡降低温室气体排放,还应该提倡保护北极不被开发。南极就是方向)"可知,文中提到南极是为了强调保护海冰的重要性。故选B项。
3.词义猜测题。根据倒数第二段中"In 2018, these countries successfully negotiated a 16-year moratorium on commercial fishing in the Arctic high seas, demonstrating that such agreements are possible. (2018年,这些国家通过谈判成功达成了在北极公海________商业捕鱼16年的协议,证明了此类协议是可能的)"由谈判成功,可知这些国家达成了在北极公海停止商业捕鱼16年的协议,moratorium意为"停止,禁止",与ban意思最为接近。故选B项。
4.主旨大意题。根据第一段中"But now the world comes ever closer to a future without ice. The National Snow and Ice Data Center reported that 2019's minimum arctic sea ice extent was the second lowest on record. Arctic summers could become mostly ice-free in 30 years, and possibly sooner if current trends continue. As the northern sea ice declines, the world must unite to preserve what remains of the Arctic. (但是现在世界越来越接近一个没有冰的未来。美国国家冰雪数据中心报告称,2019年北极海冰的最小范围是有记录以来第二低的。北极夏季将在30年内基本无冰,如果目前的趋势继续下去,时间可能会更早。随着北方海冰的减少,全世界必须团结起来保护北极的残余)"和最后一段中"Can we now work together to protect Arctic ecosystems, keep the northern peace, and allow the sea ice to return? (我们现在能共同努力保护北极生态系统,保持北极和平,让海冰恢复吗?)"可知,本文主要讲述了北极的海冰在不断减少,如果不加以保护,未来将会出现基本无冰的现象,并指出了海冰的影响以及各国达成一致努力保护海冰,因此本文的最佳标题选项D"没有冰的生活?"符合题意。故选D项。
5.答案：1.A; 2.C; 3.D; 4.B
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第二段中"This will reduce the time tourists spend inside the cave, aiding the protection of the cultural relics, while at the same time helping to increase the amount of information visitors can obtain."可知这将减少游客在洞内的时间,有助于文物的保护,同时有助于增加游客可以获得的信息数量。由此可知,B选项"减少游客在洞穴内的时间"、C选项"帮助保护文物"以及D选项"为游客提供更多的信息"都是这项技术的优势,除了A选项"降低游客的成本"不是河图技术的优势。故选A.
2.细节理解题。根据第三段中"The Dunhuang Academy has used digital technology to preserve the research and exploration of Dunhuang Grottoes since the early 1990s."可知从20世纪90年代初开始,敦煌研究院就使用数字技术来保存对敦煌石窟的研究和探索。由此可知,敦煌研究院使用数字技术有大约三十年了。故选C.
3.观点态度题。根据最后一段"In the future, Dunhuang Academy will continue to cooperate with Huawei to create more colorful virtual content to enrich the experience of Mogao Art on the platform, helping people around the world get to know Dunhuang Art better."可知未来,敦煌学院将继续与华为合作,创造更加丰富多彩的虚拟内容,丰富莫高窟艺术在平台上的体验,帮助世界各地的人们更好地了解敦煌艺术。由此可推知,对于敦煌与华为的合作,作者对此的态度是充满希望的。A. Doubtful怀疑的;D. Hopeful充满希望的;C. Indifferent漠不关心的;B.Opposed反对的。故选D.
4.标题判断题。根据第一段"On the evening of April 8, Dunhuang Academy and Huawei jointly launched a brand-new technology-driven tour experience at the Mogao Grottoes. Using Huawei's newly-released Hetu artificial intelligence platform, coupled with the output of the Digital Dunhuang project, visitors to the Mogao Grottoes can enjoy a fantasy experience prior to entering the attraction."可知4月8日晚,敦煌研究院与华为联合推出了一项全新的技术驱动的莫高窟旅游体验。利用华为新发布的"河图"人工智能平台,加上数字敦煌项目的输出,游客可以在进入莫高窟前享受一种梦幻体验。结合文章还介绍了这项技术的一些优势,以及数字技术的应用对于敦煌石窟文化保护和研究发挥的重要作用,最后提到敦煌学院将继续与华为合作,创造更加丰富多彩的虚拟内容,丰富莫高窟艺术在平台上的体验,帮助世界各地的人们更好地了解敦煌艺术。由此可知,B选项"人工智能科技帮助游客欣赏敦煌艺术"最符合文章标题。故选B.
6.答案：1-4 AACD
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段的内容及第二段中的"PepsiCo purposely packs fewer chips into its flavoured chip bags百事公司有意减少薯片包装到其调味薯片袋。"可知,百事在单包风味薯片上减少分量,这导致争议。give short weight是固定用法,意为"缺斤少两"。故选A。
2.写作手法题。根据第三段的内容,尤其是其中的"some $1.6 billion""10ounce bags" "more than 372 million bags""3.72 billion ounces of chips, at about 43 cents per ounce" "about 21.5 cents per bag" "about $80 million"约16亿美元""10盎司袋""3.72亿袋""3.2亿多袋,每盎司43美分""每袋21.5美分"约8000万美元。"可知,作者主要是通过列数据的方式来陈述第三段的内容。故选A。
3.细节理解题。根据第五段中的"The reason why there is a slightly higher price per ounce for flavoured chips is the added seasonings调味薯片每盎司价格略高的原因是添加了调味料。"并结合倒数第二段中的"to make up for the added input costs"可知,据Jeff Dahncke所言,风味薯片每盎司要价提高是因为添加了调味品,而百事不足量地包装其薯片是为了弥补由此造成的额外费用。故选C。
4.词义猜测题。根据倒数第二段中的"because its specialty potato chips are more profitable than its regular ones因为它的特色薯片比普通薯片更有利可图"及最后一段第一句"Perhaps that's why Lay's is getting ready to launch a mass of new specialty potato chip flavours.也许这就是为什么雷氏准备推出大量新的特色薯片口味。"可知,百事公司卖特色薯片比卖普通薯片更赚钱,而且他们亦准备推出一大批新的特色薯片口味,并举行比赛让顾客参与其创造过程。由此可推知,百事公司对自己的特色薯片应是情有独钟的,画线短语has a soft spot for应是"喜欢某人(或某物)"之意。故选D。
7.答案：1-4 ABBC
解析：1.题意为:第二段划线部分的单词bleak是什么意思?"D. 鼓励; B. 有趣的; C. 无用的; A. 没有希望的、绝望的。根据前一句"According to the University of North Carolina(UNC), newsroom jobs across the country are fewer than half what they were 10 years ago." 根据北卡罗莱纳大学的数据,全国的新闻编辑部的工作岗位不到10年前的一半。可知在许多大学校园里,这一消息是令人沮丧的、没有希望的。所以本题的正确答案为A.
2.题意为:一些大学如何回应当今的新闻业? 根据第五段最后两句话"Some university are taking action. The University of Florida offers a sports media program." 一些大学正在采取行动,佛罗里达大学提供体育媒体课程",可知大学给学生们提供了专门的课程,所以本题的正确答案为B.
3.题意为:"为什么最后一段提到了玛蒂阿罗伍德?"根据最后一段最后三句话"She says her experience makes her more interested in a journalism career, not less. Her optimism comes from knowing that people still need news. They still need information." 她说她的经历让她对新闻事业更感兴趣,而不是更不感兴趣,她的乐观来自于人们仍然需要新闻,他们仍然需要信息,可知新闻事业的发展具有巨大的潜力,所以本题的正确答案为B.
4.题意为:对于这篇文章, 什么是最好的标题? A. 什么是新闻? B. 记者是做什么的?C. 新闻业有未来吗?D. 记者在今天仍然有影响力吗?通读全文可知,整篇文章讲述了新闻业未来的发展与挑战,所以本题的正确答案为C.
8.答案：1.B; 2.D; 3.C; 4.A
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第二段""The main goal was to bring attention to the fact that our oceans need our help," Taylor told Dezeen."(Taylor告诉Dezeen记者:"我们的主要目标是让人们注意到我们的海洋需要我们的帮助。" )可知水下博物馆旨在提高人们保护海洋的意识。故选B。
2.细节理解题。根据第三段"Towering over 6-feet-tall and weighing 10 tons, the faces are sectioned into two parts, with the outer part like a mask. The mask indicates that the world's oceans appear powerful and unbeatable from the surface but house an ecosystem that is extremely fragile to careless human activities."(这些脸有6英尺高,重达10吨,被分成两部分,外部部分像一个面具。这幅面具表明,从表面上看,世界上的海洋似乎强大而不可战胜,但它的生态系统对于粗心大意的人类活动来说极其脆弱)可知雕塑的外部看起来像一个面具是为了强调生态系统的敏感性。故选D。
3.主旨大意题。根据第四段"Though the waters surrounding the sculptures now appear a pristine blue, the seabed was filled with old boat engines, pipes, and other human-made trash when the project began about four years ago. Besides removing the trash, Taylor also restored the area's seagrass. Just one square meter of the seagrass can generate up to 10 liters of oxygen daily. The seagrass also helps prevent coastal erosion and provides habitats for many ocean creatures."(虽然雕塑周围的水域现在呈现出一种纯净的蓝色,但当该项目大约四年前开始时,海底充满了旧的船只引擎、管道和其他人造垃圾。除了清理垃圾,泰勒还恢复了该地区的海草。仅仅一平方米的海草每天就能产生多达10升的氧气。海草还有助于防止海岸侵蚀,并为许多海洋生物提供栖息地)可知第四段主要讲了项目做出了哪些恢复努力。故选C。
4.推理判断题。根据最后一段""The idea of creating an underwater museum was to draw more people underwater and develop a sense of care and protection," Taylor told Dezeen. "If we threw unwanted waste near a forest, there would be a public outcry. But this is happening every day in our surrounding waters and it largely goes unnoticed.""(Taylor告诉Dezeen的记者:"创建水下博物馆的想法是为了吸引更多的人在水下,并培养一种关心和保护的意识。" "如果我们在森林附近扔垃圾,会引起公众的强烈抗议。但这种情况每天都在我们周围的水域发生,而且很大程度上被忽视了。" )可推断出海洋的情况很容易被忽视。故选A。
9.答案：1.D; 2.C; 3.A; 4.B
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句"With 79 chimpanzees, each with their distinctive personality, care staff often find that different chimps react differently to new enrichment. (有79只黑猩猩,每只都有各自独特的个性,护理人员经常发现,不同的黑猩猩对新事物的反应不同)"可知,每只猩猩都有自己独特的个性,所以对新事物会有不同的反应;选项D意为"他们有自己独特的性格",与原文相符。故选D项。
2.细节理解题。根据第四段前三句的"29-year-old Precious has very little tolerance for the piano. She sat off to the side for a few minutes, but eventually she decided that was enough. She called an end to the enrichment session by throwing a handful of waste at the piano. (29岁的Precious对钢琴的承受力很小。她在一旁坐了几分钟,但最后她觉得已经够了。她向钢琴扔了几个垃圾,以此结束了丰富的演奏)"可知,Precious对钢琴最不感兴趣。故选C项。
3.词义猜测题。根据划线词所在句"Additional musicians were lined up to visit but the coronavirus has stopped the activities, which we hope to resume in the near future. (更多的音乐家排队等着来为黑猩猩们演奏,但冠状病毒已经导致这个活动停止了,我们希望在不久的将来恢复这个活动)",可知这个让音乐家给猩猩演奏乐器的活动因为新冠病毒被迫中止,但是我们希望在不久的将来能恢复这个活动,即继续进行这个活动。选项A意为"继续",与原文相符。故选A项。
4.主旨大意题。根据第一段前两句"One of the greatest challenges in caring for such intelligent animals as chimpanzees (猩猩) is providing them with enriching experiences. Every day, the chimpanzees at Project Chimps receive morning and evening food-based enrichment devices, but caregivers are always looking for more ways to keep the chimps mentally engaged. (照顾像黑猩猩这样聪明的动物最大的挑战之一是为他们提供丰富的生活体验。每天,"黑猩猩计划"的黑猩猩都会收到早晚的伴随食物一起的丰富体验,但护理人员总是在寻找更多的方法让黑猩猩保持精神状态)",以及最后一段"To us at Project Chimps, this is what it is all about: giving chimpanzees the freedom to choose. We are honored to be part of their journey. (对于从事黑猩猩计划的我们来说,这就是它的全部意义:给予黑猩猩选择的自由。我们很荣幸能成为他们旅程的一部分)"可知,本文主要讲述了参与"黑猩猩计划"的护理人员为了丰富黑猩猩的生活而采取的各种措施;选项B意为"护理人员如何丰富黑猩猩的日常生活",与原文相符。故选B项。
10.答案：1.D; 2.B; 3.C; 4.D
解析：1.细节理解题.根据第三段A faulty equipment led Glenn to believe the capsule might burn up on its return to Earth, but in the end it splashed down safely in the Atlantic Ocean. He became the first American to orbit Earth in a spaceship可知他是第一个成功绕地球的美国人;故选D.
2.细节理解题.根据第三段A faulty equipment led Glenn to believe the capsule might burn up on its return to Earth, but in the end it splashed down safely in the Atlantic Ocean. He became the first American to orbit Earth in a spaceship可知格伦返回地球时有一部分设备出毛病了;故选B.
3.细节理解题.根据文章He spent nine days on the space shuttle Discovery. Glenn went so that scientists could the effects of space travel on older people可知格伦在1998重返太空是为了测试太空旅行对老年人的影响;故选C.
4.推理判断题.根据文章."If there is one thing I've learned in my years on this planet, it's that the happiest people I've known are those who devoted themselves to something bigger and more meaningful than merely their own self-interest可知为别人工作的人是最幸福的;故选D.
（1）阅读理解—【新课标新高考】2022届高考英语二轮复习技能强化练
1. Brain disease research could be sped up using a smartphone-controlled "plug-and-play" neural implant (神经植入管) invented by scientists from the USA and South Korea.
The researchers, who come primarily from the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) and the University of Washington, designed the soft device to deliver drugs or coloured lights directly to targeted neurons (神经元), with the goal of accelerating discovery about addiction, depression and pain. The LEDs involved are smaller than a grain of salt, and the drugs are delivered by tiny channels with the thickness of a human hair.
For researchers, the main advantage of the new wireless implant is ease of use. The inventors describe its replaceable drug tube as "lego-like" and "plug-and-lay", while set-up happens over an "elegant, simple" smartphone interface (界面).
For the subjects, in current testing — the small, soft device won't impede movement and is safer to use over time.
Current devices used in this field are rigid, so they cause damages in soft brain tissue over time. With the new devices, scientists can now monitor one area of the brain over much longer periods, and with the test subjects moving freely.
"It allows us to better analyze the neural basis of behavior in various ways," said Michael Bruchas, a professor at the University of Washington School of Medicine who heads the Bruchas Lab. "We are also eager to use the device to help us develop new treatments for pain, addiction and emotional disorders."
The researchers, who published their findings in the journal Nature Biomedical Engineering, created the implant for laboratory use with animals but would like to develop the technology for clinical applications in the future, meaning one day a similar device could be tested on humans.
Their invention comes after three years of cooperation between the Jeong group at KAIST in Daejeon and the Bruchas Lab in Seattle. The former specializes in soft electronics for wearable and implantable devices, while the latter is a research laboratory focusing on stress, depression, addiction, pain and other diseases.
1. How does the device work?
A. It locates a certain position in neurons.
B. It directly cures the damaged neurons.
C. It delivers drugs through a human hair.
D. It directly controls coloured lights.
2. Which is closest in meaning to the underlined word "impede" in Paragragh 4?
A. Destroy B. Increase. C. Improve. D. Prevent.
3. What can we learn about the device?
A. It helps to observe the whole brain work.
B. It has been tested on humans to deal with diseases.
C. It helps to find new ways to cure some diseases.
D. It has been invented by the Bruchas Lab.
4. What is the best title for the text?
A. Brain Neural Implant by Smartphone
B. A New Smartphone That Controls Brain
C. The Development in Exploring Brains
D. A New Cure for the Brain Diseases
2. During an interview for one of my books, my interviewer said something I still think about often. Annoyed by the level of distraction(干扰) in his open office, he said, "That's why I have a membership at the co-working space across the street—so I can focus. His comment struck me as strange. After all, co-working spaces also typically use an open office layout(布局). But I recently came across a study that shows why his approach works.
The researchers examined various levels of noise on participants as they completed tests of creative thinking. They were randomly divided into four groups and exposed to various noise levels in the background, from total silence to 50 decibels(分贝), 70 decibels, and 85 decibels. The differences between most of the groups were statistically insignificant; however, the participants in the 70 decibels group—those exposed to a level of noise similar to background chatter in a coffee shop—significantly outperformed the other groups. Since the effects were small, this may suggest that our creative thinking does not differ that much in response to total silence and 85 decibels of background noise.
But since the results at 70 decibels were significant, the study also suggests that the right level of background noise— not too loud and not total silence—may actually improve one's creative thinking ability. The right level of background noise may interrupt our normal patterns of thinking just enough to allow our imaginations to wander, without making it impossible to focus. This kind of "distracted focus" appears to be the best state for working on creative tasks.
So why do so many of us hate our open offices? The problem may be that, in our offices, we can't stop ourselves from getting drawn into others' conversations while we're trying to focus. Indeed, the researchers found that face-to-face interactions and conversations affect the creative process, and yet a co-working space or a coffee shop provides a certain level of noise while also providing freedom from interruptions.
1. Why does the interviewer prefer a co-working space?
A. It helps him concentrate. B. It blocks out background noise.
C. It has a pleasant atmosphere. D. It encourages face-to-face interactions.
2. Which level of background noise may promote creative thinking ability?
A. Total silence. B. 50 decibels C. 70 decibels. D. 85 decibels.
3. What makes an open office unwelcome to many people?
A. Personal privacy unprotected. B. Limited working space.
C. Restrictions on group discussion. D. Constant interruptions.
4. What can we infer about the author from the text?
A. He's a news reporter.
B. He's an office manager.
C. He's a professional designer.
D. He's a published writer.
3. Although we're surrounded by millions of them every day, most of us don't think about bricks too often. For thousands of years, the humble clay-fired brick hasn't changed.
They're made from natural materials, but there are problems with bricks at every step of their production. Bricks are made from clay—a type of soil found all over the world. Clay mining harms plant growth. In conventional brick production, the clay is shaped and baked in kilns(窑炉) heated by fossil fuels, which contributes to climate change. Once made, bricks must be transported to construction sites, generating more carbon emissions. With so many bricks produced globally, their impact adds up.
Gabriela Medero, a professor at Scotland's Heriot-Watt University, decided to find solutions to that. With her university's support, Medero set up Kenoteq in 2009. The company's signature product is the K-Briq. Made from more than 90% construction waste, Medero says the K-Briq, which does not need to be fired in a kiln, produces less than a tenth of the carbon emissions of conventional bricks. With the company testing new machinery to start manufacturing, Medero hopes her bricks will help to build a more sustainable world.
The K-Briq will be comparably priced to old bricks. Additionally, as a new product, the K-Briq has been subjected to strict assessment and authoritative certification. Reusing old bricks is an expensive process and there is no standardized way to check the strength, safety or durability (耐久性) of recycled bricks. Medero says that K-Briqs could solve both these problems. She claims that K-Briqs are stronger and more durable than fired clay bricks.
Over the next 18 months, Medero plans to get K-Briq machinery on-site at recycling plants. "This will reduce transport-related emissions because trucks can collect K-Briqs when they drop off construction waste," says Medero.
1. What inspired Medero to reinvent the conventional bricks?
A. The poor quality of the bricks. B. The outdated style of the bricks.
C. The high cost of manufacturing bricks. D. The problems with the brick production.
2. Why is the K-Briq production sustainable?
A. It won't produce extra waste.
B. It brings no pollution to the air.
C. The plants occupy much less land than before.
D. The products are mainly made from construction waste.
3. What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?
A. The popularity of the K-Briqs.
B. The advantages of K-Briqs over traditional bricks.
C. The special materials used in K-Briqs.
D. The advanced technology used for K-Briqs.
4. Why does Medero decide to put K-Briq machines at recycling factories?
A. To ensure fewer emissions. B. To speed up the production.
C. To lower the production cost. D. To collect more construction waste.
4. For millions of years, Arctic sea ice has expanded and shrunk in a rhythmic dance with the summer sun. Humans evolved in this icy world, and civilization relied on it for climatic, ecological and political stability. But now the world comes ever closer to a future without ice. The National Snow and Ice Data Center reported that 2019's minimum arctic sea ice extent was the second lowest on record. Arctic summers could become mostly ice-free in 30 years, and possibly sooner if current trends continue. As the northern sea ice declines, the world must unite to preserve what remains of the Arctic.
Although most people have never seen the sea ice, its effects are never far away. By reflecting sunlight, Arctic ice acts as Earth's air conditioner. Once d ark water replaces brilliant ice, Earth could warm substantially, equivalent to the warming caused by the additional release of a trillion tons of carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere and declining sea ice threatens wildlife, from the polar bear to algae that grow beneath the sea ice, supporting the large amount of marine life.
To avoid the consequences the scientific community should advocate not just for lowering greenhouse gas emissions, but also for protecting the Arctic from exploitation. The Antarctic shows the way. In the 1950s, countries raced to claim the Antarctic continent for resources and military installations. Enter the scientists. The 1957-1958 International Geophysical Year brought together scientists from competing countries to study Antarctica, and countries temporarily suspended their territorial disputes(争议). In 1959, 12 countries signed the Antarctic Treaty to preserve the continent for peaceful scientific discovery rather than territorial and military gain.
Sixty years later, we must now save the Arctic. A new Marine Arctic Peace Sanctuary (MAPS) Treaty would protect the Arctic Ocean as a scientific preserve for peaceful purposes only. Similar to Antarctica, MAPS would prohibit resource exploitation, commercial fishing and shipping, and military exercises. So far, only 2 non-Arctic countries have signed MAPS; 97 more need to sign on to enact it into law. Scientists can help- -just as they did for the Antarctic—by giving statements of support, asking scientific organizations to endorse(支持) the treaty, communicating the importance of protecting the arctic to the public and policy-makers, and above all, by convincing national leaders to sign the treaty. In particular, Arctic nations must agree that recognizing the arctic as an international preserve is better than fighting over it. In 2018, these countries successfully negotiated a 16-year moratorium on commercial fishing in the Arc tic high seas, demonstrating that such agreements are possible.
Humans have only ever lived in a world topped by ice. Can we now work together to protect Arctic ecosystems, keep the northern peace, and allow the: sea ice to return?
1. What can be inferred from the passage?
A. wildlife relies on sea ice for food and water. B. The Arctic would be ice-free in 30 years.
C. Sea ice slows down the global warming. D. The melting of sea ice releases CO2.
2. The Antarctic is mentioned in the passage in order to _____.
A. remind readers of the past of the Antarctic
B. propose a feasible approach for the Arctic
C. stress the importance of preserving sea ice
D. recall how the Antarctic Treaty came into being
3. The word "moratorium"(in paragraph 4) is closest in meaning to ______.
A. battle B. ban C. memo D. protection
4. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?
A. Antarctic: a Successful Comeback? B. Sea Ice and Global Warming
C. Arctic: the Earth's Future D. Life Without Ice?
5. On the evening of April 8,Dunhuang Academy and Huawei jointly launched a brand-new technology-driven tour experience at the Mogao Grottoes(莫高窟).Using Huawei's newly-released Hetu AI platform, coupled with the output of the Digital Dunhuang project, visitors to the Mogao Grottoes can enjoy a fantasy experience prior to entering the attraction.
Zhao Shengliang, director of the Dunhuang Academy, said that it has been cooperating with Huawei since March 2019.Using Huawei's latest Hetu technology, visitors are able to see the detailed contents of the Dunhuang Art Murals(壁画)outside the caves, through their Huawei mobile phones. This will reduce the time tourists spend inside the cave, aiding the protection of the cultural relics, while at the same time helping to increase the amount of information visitors can obtain. It is also considered to be a new way of promoting Dunhuang Art.
The Dunhuang Academy has used digital technology to preserve the research and exploration of Dunhuang Grottoes since the early 1990s.It has collected a wealth of data and has realized the goal of sharing of digital Dunhuang globally. It has played an important role in the protection and research of cultural site,as well as promoting the development and progress of related work.
The Huawei Hetu platform unites Dunhuang's study findings, high-resolution images of the site's murals and virtual, three-dimensional models with the real Mogao Grottoes. It has not only re-created the real tour of the scenic spot, but also developed a new way of digitally experiencing the grottoes. When people visit the site, they not only have the experience of seeing the real grottoes, but they can appreciate the admirable artworks more clearly and in greater detail.
In the future, Dunhuang Academy will continue to cooperate with Huawei to create more colorful virtual content to enrich the experience of Mogao Art on the platform, helping people around the world get to know Dunhuang Art better.
1. Which is NOT the advantage of the Hetu technology?
A. Decrease the cost of the visitors.
B. Reduce the time visitors spend inside the cave.
C. Help to protect the cultural relics.
D. Provide more information for tourists.
2. How long has the Dunhuang Academy used digital technology?
A. About a year. B. 90 years. C. Nearly 30 years. D. 10 years.
3. What's the author's attitude towards the cooperation between Dunhuang and Huawei?
A. Doubtful. B. Opposed. C. Indifferent. D. Hopeful.
4. What is the best title for the text?
A. Dunhuang Academy Preserves Grottoes Well
B. AI Tech Helps Tourists Enjoy Dunhuang's Art
C. Huawei Newly Released Hetu AI
D. Dunhuang Grottoes Attract Tourists
6. This is going to ruffle(激怒) a few feathers.
PepsiCo purposely packs fewer chips into its flavored chip bags, Hugh Johnston, the company's CFO, told the Associated Press. "There might be an ounce or two less in those bags," Johnston said. Actually, it's half an ounce less. Regular Lay's are sold in 10-ounce bags; flavored Lay's are sold in 9.5-ounce bags; and both are sold for the same $4.29 price. That might not sound like a lot, but it will sound like a lot with a bit of simple maths.
Americans buy some $1.6 billion worth of Lay's potato chips every year. Much of that is sold in bulk—or merely in bags bigger than the standard ones mentioned above. But let's assume for a second that those 10-ounce bags are the only ones Lay's sells. That would mean the company sells more than 372 million bags of Lay's in the US each year—or 3.72 billion ounces of chips, at about 43 cents per ounce. It would also mean that that half-ounce difference is worth about 21.5 cents per bag, and about $80 million in total per year.
That number is likely a good deal lower, but it's not entirely unreasonable. If Lay's is charging an extra payment for the smaller flavored chip bags, it's likely doing the same for the bigger ones, too. That tiny half-ounce difference might only mean a potato chip or two to you, but it's probably worth tens of millions of dollars to PepsiCo annually.
PepsiCo confirmed that flavored and unflavored Lay's chips are sold for the same price, but not in the same quantity. "This allows us to keep the same price point across the brand," Jeff Dahncke said in an email. He also suggested that the chip difference has nothing to do with extra profit. "The reason why there is a slightly higher price per ounce for flavored chips is the added seasonings(调味品)," he said. But that doesn't appear to be the case.
Some of the mar-ups are simply meant to make up for the added input costs of cheese, barbecue, sour cream and onion, and other flavorings. But some of them are also there (or not there) to increase the potato chip maker's profits. PepsiCo has a soft spot for its specialty potato chips, because its specialty potato chips are more profitable than its regular ones, according to Johnston.
Perhaps that's why Lay's is getting ready to launch a mass of new specialty potato chip flavors. The launch is part of PepsiCo's annual "Do Us a Flavor" contest, in which it lets customers participate in the flavor creation process.
1. What did PepsiCo do to arouse public dissatisfaction?
A. They gave short weight to their flavored chips.
B. They raised the price of their flavored chips.
C. They changed the flavors of their potato chips.
D. They put more seasonings into their potato chips.
2. How is Paragraph 3 mainly developed?
A. By listing figures. B. By giving examples.
C. By analyzing causes. D. By making comparisons.
3. Why do Lay's flavored chips charge more per ounce according to Jeff Dahncke?
A. To make more profits. B. To upgrade their products.
C. To balance additional costs. D. To satisfy more people's taste.
4. What does the underlined phrase "has a soft spot for" in the last but one paragraph mean?
A. Has a say in. B. Has a look at.
C. Has access to. D. Has affection for.
7. Today's journalists face modern challenges. Online media platforms are springing up. And the lowly newspaper—and its reporters—are fighting money, tech, and distrust issues. Journalism students and teachers must emphasize new skills to keep their profession alive.
A trustworthy press helps inform people and monitor all levels of government. That is essential to a nation. Yet this useful establishment is growing increasingly unpopular. According to the University of North Carolina (UNC), newsroom jobs across the Country are fewer than half what they were 10 years ago. And on many college campuses, the news about the news is bleak too.
Take the Syracuse, New York, student-run newspaper The Daily Orange: It isn't daily anymore. The paper prints just three times each week. Next year, The Diamondback of the University of Maryland will be online only. Half the newspapers that still exist on paper say they don't print as many copies. And UNC's The Daily Tar Heel has cut staff pay and rented cheaper offices to make its budget.
Considering the problems in journalism, it's surprising that the enrollment(注册人数) in college journalism programs is up. The Daily Orange managing editor Catherine Leffert calls the layoffs and cutbacks disheartening. "But what keeps me wanting to be a journalist is seeing the effect that The Daily Orange has," he says.
But journalism educators wonder, "Are we preparing young people for a dying industry?" Years ago, journalism graduates took low-level reporter jobs at newspapers or television stations. That still happens. But today's jobs more often involve digital editing, social media production, and video streaming. Some universities are taking action. The University of Florida offers a sports media program. Several schools highlight statistics-driven data journalism.
The news isn't all bad. Journalism professor Kathleen Culver says, "When I look at 18-and 20-year-olds in journalism and see what they want to do, I'm optimistic." Maddy Arrowood is the student editor of The Daily Tar Heel. She says her experience makes her more interested in a journalism career, not less. Her optimism "comes from knowing that people still need news. They still need information."
1. What does the underlined word "bleak" in paragraph 2 mean?
A. Hopeless B. Interesting C. Useless D. Encouraging
2. How do some universities respond to the problem of today's journalism?
A. They reduce student enrollment.
B. They offer students specialized programs.
C. They prepare students for low-level reporter jobs.
D. They encourage students to run their own newspaper.
3. Why is Maddy Arrowood mentioned in the last paragraph?
A. To show people's positive attitudes to journalists.
B. To prove the potential of a career in journalism.
C. To show the popularity of The Daily Tar Heel.
D. To prove people's thirst for the latest news.
4. What might be the best title for the text?
A. What is journalism? B. What does a journalist do?
C. Does journalism have a future? D. Are journalists still influential today?
8. British sculptor Jason Taylor has made it his mission to use his talent to conserve our ecosystems by creating underwater museums. Over the years, the environmentalist has put over 850 massive artworks underwater worldwide. On February 1, 2021, Taylor launched his latest work---The Underwater Museum of Cannes.
"The main goal was to bring attention to the fact that our oceans need our help," Taylor told Dezeen. "Ocean ecologies have been destroyed by human activity in the Mediterranean over the past few decades, and it is not obvious what is taking place when observing the sea from afar."
The Underwater Museum of Cannes contains 6 sculptures featuring local residents of various ages. They range from Maurice, an 80-year-old fisherman, to Anouk, a 9-year-old student. Towering over 6-feet-tall and weighing 10 tons, the faces are sectioned into two parts, with the outer part like a mask. The mask indicates that the world's oceans appear powerful and unbeatable from the surface but house an ecosystem that is extremely fragile to careless human activities.
Though the waters surrounding the sculptures now appear a pristine blue, the seabed was filled with old boat engines, pipes, and other human-made trash when the project began about four years ago. Besides removing the trash, Taylor also restored the area's seagrass. Just one square meter of the seagrass can generate up to 10 liters of oxygen daily. The seagrass also helps prevent coastal erosion and provides habitats for many ocean creatures.
"The idea of creating an underwater museum was to draw more people underwater and develop a sense of care and protection," Taylor told Dezeen. "If we threw unwanted waste near a forest, there would be a public outcry. But this is happening every day in our surrounding waters and it largely goes unnoticed."
1. What are the underwater museums intended to do?
A. To make huge profits.
B. To raise awareness of protecting the ocean.
C. To show Jason Taylor's talent.
D. To draw attention to endangered sea animals.
2. Why does the outer part of the sculptures look like a mask?
A. To popularize the features of the locals.
B. To remind people to protect themselves.
C. To reflect people's protection of the ocean.
D. To stress the sensitiveness of the ecosystem.
3. What's Paragraph 4 mainly about?
A. How the project was started.
B. How the seagrass was restored.
C. What recovery effort the project made.
D. Why the surroundings were improved.
4. What can we infer from what Jason Taylor said in the last paragraph?
A. The situation of the ocean is easily ignored.
B. The destruction caused to the ocean is noticeable.
C. Forests play a more important role in ecosystems.
D. People have zero tolerance to damage done to nature.
9. One of the greatest challenges in caring for such intelligent animals as chimpanzees(猩猩) is providing them with enriching experiences. Every day, the chimpanzees at Project Chimps receive morning and evening food-based enrichment devices, but caregivers are always looking for more ways to keep the chimps mentally engaged. With 79 chimpanzees, each with their distinctive personality, care staff often find that different chimps react differently to new enrichment.
Last year, we began inviting musicians to perform for chimps to see what they may respond. A violin performance received quite the response. Additional musicians were lined up to visit but the coronavirus has stopped the activities, which we hope to resume in the near future.
This past week, we brought an electric piano for the chimps to investigate. Some chimps, like twins Buttercup and Clarisse, were immediately interested and could not wait to tap out a few notes. Others, like Emma, were more interested in trying to take it apart.
29-year-old Precious has very little tolerance for the piano. She sat off to the side for a few minutes, but eventually she decided enough was enough. She called an end to the enrichment session by throwing a handful of waste at the piano. Receiving her message loud and clear, we removed the piano.
We could never have guessed how 33-year-old Luke would react to it. As with many retired lab chimpanzees, Luke has some anxiety issues. He seems particularly distrustful of anything new, including people, food, and enrichment. But when we presented the chimps with the piano, Luke was the first to investigate. We could not believe our eyes—this usually anxious chimpanzee bravely chose to explore something new!
To us at Project Chimps, this is what it is all about: giving chimpanzees the freedom to choose. We are honored to be part of their journey.
1. Why do chimpanzees respond differently to new enrichment?
A. They are of different genders.
B. They have natural curiosities.
C. They are as intelligent as humans.
D. They have their unique characters.
2. Who showed the least interest in the piano?
A. Buttercup and Clarisse. B. Emma.
C. Precious. D. Luke.
3. What does the underlined word "resume" in Paragraph 2 mean?
A. Continue. B. Suspend. C. Monitor. D. Regulate.
4. What is the text mainly about?
A. How caregivers care for the retired chimpanzees.
B. What care staff do to enrich chimpanzees' daily life.
C. How chimpanzees are trained through various enrichment.
D. What Project Chimps does to observe and study wild chimps.
10. Glenn was born on July 18,1921, in Cambridge and grew up in nearby New Concord, Ohio. He started his flying career as a fighter pilot(飞行员). Later, Glenn took a dangerous job as a test pilot, flying new planes to see if they were safe.
In the late 1950s, a "space race" began between the U. S. and the Soviet Union. Both countries wanted to be the first to send a human into space, including to the moon. In 1961, a Russian astronaut, Yuri Gagarin, orbited Earth. But the space race was not over yet. Glenn's chance to go into space came on February 20, 1962. By that time, another American, Alan B. Shepard, had flown in space, but he had not orbited Earth. Glenn's flight was aired live on television and radio. Americans everywhere stopped to watch.
Glenn's Friendship 7 capsule circled the planet three times. A faulty equipment led Glenn to believe the capsule might burn up on its return to Earth, but in the end it splashed down safely in the Atlantic Ocean. He became the first American to orbit Earth in a spaceship.
In 1984, Glenn ran for president, but he did not get enough support and dropped out of the race. Glenn returned to space on October 29, 1998, when he was 77. He spent nine days on the space shuttle Discovery. Glenn went so that scientists could the effects of space travel on older people. He holds the record for being the oldest person in space. Glenn died Thursday, Dec, 8,2016, at the age of 95.
Glenn refused to see himself as a hero. He preferred to focus on his work, saying. "If there is one thing I've learned in my years on this planet, it's that the happiest people I've known are those who devoted themselves to something bigger and more meaningful than merely their own self-interest."
1. What do we know about John Glenn?
A. He worked as a fighter pilot in all his life
B. He succeeded in the race for president in 1984
C. He competed with another pilot Alan B in space race
D. He was the first American to circle Earth successfully
2. What happened during Glenn's return to Earth?
A. The capsule opened while circling Earth
B. One part of the equipment went wrong
C. The capsule was on fire all of a sudden
D. The spaceship stopped working halfway
3. Why did Glenn return to space in 1998?
A. To prove the safety of new space shuttles
B. To get support for his running for president
C. To test how space travel affected the elderly
D. To become the oldest person in space by orbiting Earth
4. What can we learn from Glenn's words in the last paragraph?
A. Selfish people care for their own interest
B. Happy people are likely to succeed easily
C. He has known most of the successful people
D. The people who work for others are the happiest
答案以及解析
1.答案：1.A; 2.D; 3.C; 4.A
解析：1.细节理解题。由第二段第一句"The researchers, who come primarily from the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) and the University of Washington, designed the soft device to deliver drugs or coloured lights directly to targeted neurons (神经元), with the goal of accelerating discovery about addiction, depression and pain.(这些研究人员主要来自韩国高级科学技术研究所(KAIST)和华盛顿大学,他们设计了一种软性装置,将药物或彩灯直接传送到靶向神经元,目的是加速发现上瘾、抑郁和疼痛)可知,这种装置是在神经元中的某个位置上工作。故选A
2.词义猜测题。由第四段句子For the subjects, in current testing — the small, soft device won't impede movement and is safer to use over time.(对受试者来说,在目前的测试中,这种小巧、柔软的设备不会impede运动,而且随着时间的推移使用起来更安全)可推知,这种小巧、柔软的设备不会妨碍运动。由此可知,划线词impede意为"妨碍、阻止"。故选D项。
3.细节理解题。由倒数第三段最后一句We are also eager to use the device to help us develop new treatments for pain, addiction and emotional disorders.(我们也渴望利用这一设备帮助我们开发出治疗疼痛、上瘾和情绪障碍的新疗法)可知,此设备有助于找到治疗某些疾病的新方法。故选C项。
4.主旨大意题。由第一段句子Brain disease research could be sped up using a smartphone-controlled "plug-and-play" neural implant invented by scientists from the USA and South Korea.(脑疾病的研究可以被加快,通过使用由美国和韩国科学家发明的智能手机控制的神经植入管)可知,文章第一段点明了本文主要讲智能手机控制的神经植入管,后面段落是对此设备的介绍。故选A项。
2.答案：1-4.ACDD
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段中的"That's why I have a membership at the co-working space across the street—so I can focus."可知,采访者喜欢共享办公区域的原因是那里可以帮助他集中精力。故选A项。
2.细节理解题。根据第二段中的"The differences between most of the groups were statistically insignificant; however, the participants in the 70 decibels group—those exposed to a level of noise similar to background chatter in a coffee shop—significantly outperformed the other groups."和第三段中的"But since the results at 70 decibels were significant, the study also suggests that the right level of background noise—not too loud and not total silence—may actually improve one's creative thinking ability."可知,70分贝的那组参与者表现好于其他组,所以70分贝的噪声背景环境更有可能促进创造性思维能力。故选C项。
3.细节理解题。根据最后一段内容可知,开放式办公室不受人们欢迎的原因是其让我们不断地卷入别人的谈话中,受到很多干扰。故选D项。
4.推理判断题。根据第一段中的"During an interview for one of my books, my interviewer said something I still think about often."可知,作者提到有人采访自己的书,所以可以推断,作者是一位作家。故选D项。
3.答案：1-4.DDBA
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第二段中的"They're made from natural materials, but there are problems with bricks at every step of their production."可知,传统砖块在生产过程中出现了很多问题,这激发了Medero重新发明砖块的想法。
2.细节理解题。根据第三段中的"The company's signature product is the K-Brig. Made from more than 90% construction waste... Medero hopes her bricks will help to build a more sustainable world."可知,K-Briq砖块由90%以上的建筑废料制成,与传统砖块相比更环保,这能帮助建立一个更可持续的世界。
3.段落大意题。根据第四段中的"The K-Briq will be comparably priced to old bricks... K-Bris are stronger and more durable than fired clay bricks."可知,此段主要介绍K-Briq砖块相对于传统砖块的优势。
4.细节理解题。根据最后一段中"This will reduce transport-related emissions..."可知,Medero决定把K-Briq机器放在回收厂是为了减少相关的排放。
4.答案：1-4 CBBD
解析：1.推理判断题。根据第二段中"By reflecting sunlight, Arctic ice acts as Earth's air conditioner. (通过反射阳光,北极冰起到了地球空调的作用)"可知,海冰减缓了全球变暖。故选C项。
2.推理判断题。根据第三段中"To avoid the consequences the scientific community should advocate not just for lowering greenhouse gas emissions, but also for protecting the Arctic from exploitation. The Antarctic shows the way. (为了避免这种后果,科学界不仅应该提倡降低温室气体排放,还应该提倡保护北极不被开发。南极就是方向)"可知,文中提到南极是为了强调保护海冰的重要性。故选B项。
3.词义猜测题。根据倒数第二段中"In 2018, these countries successfully negotiated a 16-year moratorium on commercial fishing in the Arctic high seas, demonstrating that such agreements are possible. (2018年,这些国家通过谈判成功达成了在北极公海________商业捕鱼16年的协议,证明了此类协议是可能的)"由谈判成功,可知这些国家达成了在北极公海停止商业捕鱼16年的协议,moratorium意为"停止,禁止",与ban意思最为接近。故选B项。
4.主旨大意题。根据第一段中"But now the world comes ever closer to a future without ice. The National Snow and Ice Data Center reported that 2019's minimum arctic sea ice extent was the second lowest on record. Arctic summers could become mostly ice-free in 30 years, and possibly sooner if current trends continue. As the northern sea ice declines, the world must unite to preserve what remains of the Arctic. (但是现在世界越来越接近一个没有冰的未来。美国国家冰雪数据中心报告称,2019年北极海冰的最小范围是有记录以来第二低的。北极夏季将在30年内基本无冰,如果目前的趋势继续下去,时间可能会更早。随着北方海冰的减少,全世界必须团结起来保护北极的残余)"和最后一段中"Can we now work together to protect Arctic ecosystems, keep the northern peace, and allow the sea ice to return? (我们现在能共同努力保护北极生态系统,保持北极和平,让海冰恢复吗?)"可知,本文主要讲述了北极的海冰在不断减少,如果不加以保护,未来将会出现基本无冰的现象,并指出了海冰的影响以及各国达成一致努力保护海冰,因此本文的最佳标题选项D"没有冰的生活?"符合题意。故选D项。
5.答案：1.A; 2.C; 3.D; 4.B
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第二段中"This will reduce the time tourists spend inside the cave, aiding the protection of the cultural relics, while at the same time helping to increase the amount of information visitors can obtain."可知这将减少游客在洞内的时间,有助于文物的保护,同时有助于增加游客可以获得的信息数量。由此可知,B选项"减少游客在洞穴内的时间"、C选项"帮助保护文物"以及D选项"为游客提供更多的信息"都是这项技术的优势,除了A选项"降低游客的成本"不是河图技术的优势。故选A.
2.细节理解题。根据第三段中"The Dunhuang Academy has used digital technology to preserve the research and exploration of Dunhuang Grottoes since the early 1990s."可知从20世纪90年代初开始,敦煌研究院就使用数字技术来保存对敦煌石窟的研究和探索。由此可知,敦煌研究院使用数字技术有大约三十年了。故选C.
3.观点态度题。根据最后一段"In the future, Dunhuang Academy will continue to cooperate with Huawei to create more colorful virtual content to enrich the experience of Mogao Art on the platform, helping people around the world get to know Dunhuang Art better."可知未来,敦煌学院将继续与华为合作,创造更加丰富多彩的虚拟内容,丰富莫高窟艺术在平台上的体验,帮助世界各地的人们更好地了解敦煌艺术。由此可推知,对于敦煌与华为的合作,作者对此的态度是充满希望的。A. Doubtful怀疑的;D. Hopeful充满希望的;C. Indifferent漠不关心的;B.Opposed反对的。故选D.
4.标题判断题。根据第一段"On the evening of April 8, Dunhuang Academy and Huawei jointly launched a brand-new technology-driven tour experience at the Mogao Grottoes. Using Huawei's newly-released Hetu artificial intelligence platform, coupled with the output of the Digital Dunhuang project, visitors to the Mogao Grottoes can enjoy a fantasy experience prior to entering the attraction."可知4月8日晚,敦煌研究院与华为联合推出了一项全新的技术驱动的莫高窟旅游体验。利用华为新发布的"河图"人工智能平台,加上数字敦煌项目的输出,游客可以在进入莫高窟前享受一种梦幻体验。结合文章还介绍了这项技术的一些优势,以及数字技术的应用对于敦煌石窟文化保护和研究发挥的重要作用,最后提到敦煌学院将继续与华为合作,创造更加丰富多彩的虚拟内容,丰富莫高窟艺术在平台上的体验,帮助世界各地的人们更好地了解敦煌艺术。由此可知,B选项"人工智能科技帮助游客欣赏敦煌艺术"最符合文章标题。故选B.
6.答案：1-4 AACD
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段的内容及第二段中的"PepsiCo purposely packs fewer chips into its flavoured chip bags百事公司有意减少薯片包装到其调味薯片袋。"可知,百事在单包风味薯片上减少分量,这导致争议。give short weight是固定用法,意为"缺斤少两"。故选A。
2.写作手法题。根据第三段的内容,尤其是其中的"some $1.6 billion""10ounce bags" "more than 372 million bags""3.72 billion ounces of chips, at about 43 cents per ounce" "about 21.5 cents per bag" "about $80 million"约16亿美元""10盎司袋""3.72亿袋""3.2亿多袋,每盎司43美分""每袋21.5美分"约8000万美元。"可知,作者主要是通过列数据的方式来陈述第三段的内容。故选A。
3.细节理解题。根据第五段中的"The reason why there is a slightly higher price per ounce for flavoured chips is the added seasonings调味薯片每盎司价格略高的原因是添加了调味料。"并结合倒数第二段中的"to make up for the added input costs"可知,据Jeff Dahncke所言,风味薯片每盎司要价提高是因为添加了调味品,而百事不足量地包装其薯片是为了弥补由此造成的额外费用。故选C。
4.词义猜测题。根据倒数第二段中的"because its specialty potato chips are more profitable than its regular ones因为它的特色薯片比普通薯片更有利可图"及最后一段第一句"Perhaps that's why Lay's is getting ready to launch a mass of new specialty potato chip flavours.也许这就是为什么雷氏准备推出大量新的特色薯片口味。"可知,百事公司卖特色薯片比卖普通薯片更赚钱,而且他们亦准备推出一大批新的特色薯片口味,并举行比赛让顾客参与其创造过程。由此可推知,百事公司对自己的特色薯片应是情有独钟的,画线短语has a soft spot for应是"喜欢某人(或某物)"之意。故选D。
7.答案：1-4 ABBC
解析：1.题意为:第二段划线部分的单词bleak是什么意思?"D. 鼓励; B. 有趣的; C. 无用的; A. 没有希望的、绝望的。根据前一句"According to the University of North Carolina(UNC), newsroom jobs across the country are fewer than half what they were 10 years ago." 根据北卡罗莱纳大学的数据,全国的新闻编辑部的工作岗位不到10年前的一半。可知在许多大学校园里,这一消息是令人沮丧的、没有希望的。所以本题的正确答案为A.
2.题意为:一些大学如何回应当今的新闻业? 根据第五段最后两句话"Some university are taking action. The University of Florida offers a sports media program." 一些大学正在采取行动,佛罗里达大学提供体育媒体课程",可知大学给学生们提供了专门的课程,所以本题的正确答案为B.
3.题意为:"为什么最后一段提到了玛蒂阿罗伍德?"根据最后一段最后三句话"She says her experience makes her more interested in a journalism career, not less. Her optimism comes from knowing that people still need news. They still need information." 她说她的经历让她对新闻事业更感兴趣,而不是更不感兴趣,她的乐观来自于人们仍然需要新闻,他们仍然需要信息,可知新闻事业的发展具有巨大的潜力,所以本题的正确答案为B.
4.题意为:对于这篇文章, 什么是最好的标题? A. 什么是新闻? B. 记者是做什么的?C. 新闻业有未来吗?D. 记者在今天仍然有影响力吗?通读全文可知,整篇文章讲述了新闻业未来的发展与挑战,所以本题的正确答案为C.
8.答案：1.B; 2.D; 3.C; 4.A
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第二段""The main goal was to bring attention to the fact that our oceans need our help," Taylor told Dezeen."(Taylor告诉Dezeen记者:"我们的主要目标是让人们注意到我们的海洋需要我们的帮助。" )可知水下博物馆旨在提高人们保护海洋的意识。故选B。
2.细节理解题。根据第三段"Towering over 6-feet-tall and weighing 10 tons, the faces are sectioned into two parts, with the outer part like a mask. The mask indicates that the world's oceans appear powerful and unbeatable from the surface but house an ecosystem that is extremely fragile to careless human activities."(这些脸有6英尺高,重达10吨,被分成两部分,外部部分像一个面具。这幅面具表明,从表面上看,世界上的海洋似乎强大而不可战胜,但它的生态系统对于粗心大意的人类活动来说极其脆弱)可知雕塑的外部看起来像一个面具是为了强调生态系统的敏感性。故选D。
3.主旨大意题。根据第四段"Though the waters surrounding the sculptures now appear a pristine blue, the seabed was filled with old boat engines, pipes, and other human-made trash when the project began about four years ago. Besides removing the trash, Taylor also restored the area's seagrass. Just one square meter of the seagrass can generate up to 10 liters of oxygen daily. The seagrass also helps prevent coastal erosion and provides habitats for many ocean creatures."(虽然雕塑周围的水域现在呈现出一种纯净的蓝色,但当该项目大约四年前开始时,海底充满了旧的船只引擎、管道和其他人造垃圾。除了清理垃圾,泰勒还恢复了该地区的海草。仅仅一平方米的海草每天就能产生多达10升的氧气。海草还有助于防止海岸侵蚀,并为许多海洋生物提供栖息地)可知第四段主要讲了项目做出了哪些恢复努力。故选C。
4.推理判断题。根据最后一段""The idea of creating an underwater museum was to draw more people underwater and develop a sense of care and protection," Taylor told Dezeen. "If we threw unwanted waste near a forest, there would be a public outcry. But this is happening every day in our surrounding waters and it largely goes unnoticed.""(Taylor告诉Dezeen的记者:"创建水下博物馆的想法是为了吸引更多的人在水下,并培养一种关心和保护的意识。" "如果我们在森林附近扔垃圾,会引起公众的强烈抗议。但这种情况每天都在我们周围的水域发生,而且很大程度上被忽视了。" )可推断出海洋的情况很容易被忽视。故选A。
9.答案：1.D; 2.C; 3.A; 4.B
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句"With 79 chimpanzees, each with their distinctive personality, care staff often find that different chimps react differently to new enrichment. (有79只黑猩猩,每只都有各自独特的个性,护理人员经常发现,不同的黑猩猩对新事物的反应不同)"可知,每只猩猩都有自己独特的个性,所以对新事物会有不同的反应;选项D意为"他们有自己独特的性格",与原文相符。故选D项。
2.细节理解题。根据第四段前三句的"29-year-old Precious has very little tolerance for the piano. She sat off to the side for a few minutes, but eventually she decided that was enough. She called an end to the enrichment session by throwing a handful of waste at the piano. (29岁的Precious对钢琴的承受力很小。她在一旁坐了几分钟,但最后她觉得已经够了。她向钢琴扔了几个垃圾,以此结束了丰富的演奏)"可知,Precious对钢琴最不感兴趣。故选C项。
3.词义猜测题。根据划线词所在句"Additional musicians were lined up to visit but the coronavirus has stopped the activities, which we hope to resume in the near future. (更多的音乐家排队等着来为黑猩猩们演奏,但冠状病毒已经导致这个活动停止了,我们希望在不久的将来恢复这个活动)",可知这个让音乐家给猩猩演奏乐器的活动因为新冠病毒被迫中止,但是我们希望在不久的将来能恢复这个活动,即继续进行这个活动。选项A意为"继续",与原文相符。故选A项。
4.主旨大意题。根据第一段前两句"One of the greatest challenges in caring for such intelligent animals as chimpanzees (猩猩) is providing them with enriching experiences. Every day, the chimpanzees at Project Chimps receive morning and evening food-based enrichment devices, but caregivers are always looking for more ways to keep the chimps mentally engaged. (照顾像黑猩猩这样聪明的动物最大的挑战之一是为他们提供丰富的生活体验。每天,"黑猩猩计划"的黑猩猩都会收到早晚的伴随食物一起的丰富体验,但护理人员总是在寻找更多的方法让黑猩猩保持精神状态)",以及最后一段"To us at Project Chimps, this is what it is all about: giving chimpanzees the freedom to choose. We are honored to be part of their journey. (对于从事黑猩猩计划的我们来说,这就是它的全部意义:给予黑猩猩选择的自由。我们很荣幸能成为他们旅程的一部分)"可知,本文主要讲述了参与"黑猩猩计划"的护理人员为了丰富黑猩猩的生活而采取的各种措施;选项B意为"护理人员如何丰富黑猩猩的日常生活",与原文相符。故选B项。
10.答案：1.D; 2.B; 3.C; 4.D
解析：1.细节理解题.根据第三段A faulty equipment led Glenn to believe the capsule might burn up on its return to Earth, but in the end it splashed down safely in the Atlantic Ocean. He became the first American to orbit Earth in a spaceship可知他是第一个成功绕地球的美国人;故选D.
2.细节理解题.根据第三段A faulty equipment led Glenn to believe the capsule might burn up on its return to Earth, but in the end it splashed down safely in the Atlantic Ocean. He became the first American to orbit Earth in a spaceship可知格伦返回地球时有一部分设备出毛病了;故选B.
3.细节理解题.根据文章He spent nine days on the space shuttle Discovery. Glenn went so that scientists could the effects of space travel on older people可知格伦在1998重返太空是为了测试太空旅行对老年人的影响;故选C.
4.推理判断题.根据文章."If there is one thing I've learned in my years on this planet, it's that the happiest people I've known are those who devoted themselves to something bigger and more meaningful than merely their own self-interest可知为别人工作的人是最幸福的;故选D.
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