重难点04 语法填空之代词、介词、连词-2025年高考英语 热点 重点 难点 专练（北京专用）

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一．代词
解题技法
1.当提示词为代词时，需分析判断用其主格、宾格、物主代词、反身代词中的哪种形式。
1.如空后无提示词，且空格处在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语时，考虑填代词。
解题规则
1.人称代词、物主代词和反身代词常考点
(1)人称代词中第三人称的主格(he, she, it, they)与宾格(him, her, it, them)常指代前文或后文出现的人或物。当提示词为人称代词的主格时需考虑是否变为宾格。(如题3)
(2)形容词性物主代词(my, yur, his, her, its, ur, their)在句中作定语，常表示物体的所属；而名词性物主代词(mine, yurs, his, hers, urs, theirs)在句中可以作主语、宾语和表语，但不可以作定语。(如题2)
(3)反身代词(myself, yurself, himself, herself, itself, urselves, yurselves, themselves)表示动作的承受者就是动作的执行者，可以在句中作宾语、表语和同位语。(如题1,6)
2.替代词和不定代词常考点
(1)替代词that, thse, ne, nes
①that可以指代前面出现过的不可数名词或单数可数名词，其复数形式为thse。
②ne指代前面出现过的同类事物中的“一个”，其复数形式为nes。(如题8)
(2)不定代词的用法
①bth, either, neither都强调两者，可作主语、宾语和定语。neither表示“两者都不”； either表示“两者中任何一个”； bth表示“两者都”。
②all和nne都强调三者或三者以上，all表示“全部都”，而nne表示“全部都不”。(如题4)
③anther表示“(三者或三者以上中的)另一个，再一个”； the ther意为“(两者中的)另一个”；ther意为“其余的，另外的”； thers泛指其余的人或物。(如题5,9)
3．it的常考点
(1)it可指代事物或上文提到过的内容。
(2)it可作形式主语或形式宾语，用来指代不定式、动词­ing形式或从句，而把真正的主语或宾语后置。
(3)表示“喜欢，恨”等情感的动词后面跟从句时，要先接it，再接从句，这类动词有like, lve, hate, dislike, appreciate等。
(4)it常用于一些固定搭配中，如it is n wnder that “难怪……”；make it“成功；赶上”；when it cmes t ...“当提到……”等。
1. Nanxiang aside, the best xia lng ba have a fine skin, allwing them t be lifted ut f the steamer basket withut tearing r spilling any f (they) cntents.
The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was fficially unveiled(揭幕) at the ceremny, pening
(it) first exhibitin: The Avenue f Truth—A Special Exhibitin f Pu'er Tea.
3. As the sng ges, this lng and winding rad “will never disappear”, and it will always stick in the visitr's memry. It sure des in (I).
4. Ecturism has (it) rigin with the envirnmental mvement f the 1970s.
5. She was extremely pretty, and her huse was a reflectin f (she), everything in gd taste and in perfect rder.
6. As well as lking at exhibits, visitrs can play with cmputer simulatins(模拟)and imagine (they) living at a different time in histry r walking thrugh a rainfrest.
7. Readers are encuraged t cntinue explring the digital wrld with the guidance f (we) Further Resurces sectin featured in each vlume.
8. Data abut the mn's cmpsitin, such as hw much ice and ther treasures it cntains, culd help China decide whether (it) plans fr a future lunar(月球的) base are practical.
9. When the grillas and I frightened each ther, I was just glad t find (they) alive.
10. Many westerners wh cme t China ck much less than in their wn cuntries nce they realize hw cheap can be t eat ut.
11. Nine in ten parents said there were significant differences in their apprach t educating their children cmpared with f their parents.
12. will be a while befre we can statistically shw that the changes are happening because f climate change.
13. Hwever, the railway quickly prved t be a great success and within six mnths, mre than 25,000 peple were using every day.
14. If yu want t g t the party with me, yu shuld behave (yu) well.
15. Running is cheap, easy and it's always energetic. If yu are time pr, yu need run fr nly half the time t get the same benefits as ther sprts, s perhaps we shuld all give a try.
16. The research grup prduced tw reprts based n the survey, but cntained any useful suggestins.
二．介词
解题技法
1.若空格后是名词、代词或动名词，且它们在句中不是作主语、表语或动词的宾语时，那么空格处一般是填介词。
2．看空格前的动词或形容词，若空格处能与之构成固定搭配，且空格后的成分又作宾语，那么空格处一般填介词。
解题规则
1.几组常见介词的辨析
(1)表示时间的in, n, at
①in表示在某段较长的时间内(如世纪、年代、月份等)或泛指上午、下午、晚上等。
②n表示在具体的日子或具体的某一天的上午、下午、晚上等。
③at表示某个时间点、时刻等。
(2)表示时间的in和after
①in表示“在……时间之内/之后”，所在的句子必须表示将来。
②after表示“在……时间之后”，通常“after＋时间段”与过去时连用。
(3)表示方位的thrugh和acrss
①thrugh表示“从……的内部穿过”。
②acrss表示“从……表面穿过”。
(4)表示交通方式的by和n/in
①by后可直接跟涉及和不涉及交通工具的名词，名词前不加冠词。
②n/in后跟交通工具时，名词前应有冠词、物主代词、指示代词等修饰语。
(5)表示“用……”的by, in, with
①by指“靠……手段，用……方法，凭借……”，后可接名词、代词或动名词。
②in多用于表示语言、材料的名词前。
③with多用于表示工具或身体器官的名词前。
(6)表示“除……之外”的besides和except
①besides表示“除……之外还……”。
②except表示“除……之外”。
2.其他常考的介词
3.介词在固定搭配中的考查
介词在固定搭配中的考查主要有以下几种形式：
(1)介词与名词的搭配
(2)介词与形容词的搭配
(3)介词与动词的搭配
1. I culd tell they weren't making fun me: they laughed because I had the pwer t tell a funny stry.
2. There, yu'll find them prepared differently—mre dumpling and less sup—and the wrappers are pressed hand rather than rlled.
3. And wh d they speak English ? Nt the pandas, even thugh the language used fr the medical training instructins is actually English.
4. Beijing is a city bridging the ancient and the mdern. Frm Buddhist temples t museums, narrw hutng ryal palaces, it is hme t mre than 3,000 years f glrius histry even dwn t its layut, with the city keeping its carefully built system f ring rads.
5. She warns f the envirnmental dangers facing sciety, and she teaches that peple must take respnsibility saving their envirnment.
6. Giant pandas als serve an umbrella species, bringing prtectin t a hst f plants and animals in the suthwestern and nrthwestern parts f China.
7. May 21st this year marks the first Internatinal Tea Day, which was named fficially the United Natins n Nvember 27th, 2019.
8. He flew 4,700 kilmeters Xi'an t Kashgar n Sept. 20, planning t hike back t Xi'an in five mnths.
9. Luc Gandarias, wh's nw thirteen, went blind suddenly age seven.
10. Due t the grwing ppularity f envirnmentally-related and adventure travel, varius types trips are nw being classified as ecturism.
11. In 1844 they bught the huse $1,200 and sme land frm Charles Dresser, wh perfrmed their marriage ceremny in 1842.
12. The study fund that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased 2.1 in wmen and men.
13. The artist was finally humbled(谦卑) by the greatest artist earth, Mther Nature.
14. Sme time after 10,000 BC, peple made the first real attempt t cntrl the wrld they lived , thrugh agriculture.
15. This aging f the ppulatin is driven tw factrs.
三．连词
方向1 并列连词and, but, s, r, while, nt nly ... but (als)等的用法
(一)表示并列或递进关系的并列连词
表示并列或递进关系的并列连词有and, nt nly ... but (als)．.., bth ... and ..., neither ... nr等。
The train was cmfrtable and the peple were nice.火车很舒适，而且人们很友好。
He nt nly read the bk, but als remembered what he had read.他不但读了这本书，而且记得所读的内容。
(二)表示转折关系的并列连词
表示转折关系的并列连词有but, yet, whereas, while等。
The sn was sleeping at hme while the parents were wrking in the fields.儿子在家睡觉而父母在田里劳作。
点津：but表示转折关系，不能和althugh/thugh连用。
(三)表示选择关系的并列连词
表示选择关系的并列连词有r, either ... r ..., nt ... but ...等。
Either yu r I am wrng.要么你，要么我，是错的。
I wuldn't like t have a cup f tea, but a cup f cffee.我不想喝茶，而想喝咖啡。
(四)表示因果关系的并列连词
表示因果关系的并列连词有fr, s等。
The leaves f the trees are falling, fr it's already autumn.树叶在落，因为秋天已经到了。
(五)特殊并列连词及祈使句
1．when可用作并列连词，意为“这时，那时”，相当于and at this time/that time。常用于下列句式：①be ding sth. when ...；②be abut t d sth. when ...；③be n the pint f ding sth. when ...；④had just dne sth. when ...。
We were having a meeting when smene brke in.我们正在开会，这时有人闯了进来。
2.“祈使句＋and/r＋陈述句”，有时祈使句部分也可用名词短语。
Wrk hard and yu'll pass the exam.努力学习，那么你考试会及格的。
Mre healthy fd, r yu'll break dwn sner r later.多吃健康食品，不然你的身体迟早会垮掉的。
1. T eat ne sup dumpling, yu have t decide whether t bite a small hle in it first, releasing the steam and risking a spill(溢出), t put the whle dumpling in yur muth, letting the ht sup explde n yur tngue.
2. It's been an hnr t watch the panda prgramme develp t see the pandas settle int their new hme.
3. It is a distinct visual cntrast(反差) that shuldn't wrk, smehw these tw very different wrlds make a gd cmbinatin.
4. Miss Zha tld us the names f the insects described their living habits.
5. He hung n fr a few minutes screamed fr his father, but his father didn't hear him.
6. The “First Internatinal Tea Day Tea Rad Cperative Initiative” issued(发布) at the ceremny calls fr peple wrking in the tea industry t cme tgether t prmte internatinal cperatin cultural exchanges.
方向2 状语从句的连词
1.when, while, as引导时间状语从句的区别；
2.名词词组the minute, the mment, the first time, each time, any time等用作连词，引导的时间状语从句；
3.befre和since引导时间状语从句的用法以及常见的几个句型；
4.till和until的用法；
5.althugh, thugh, as以及even if, even thugh引导让步状语从句的用法；
6.结果状语从句中“s ”与“such ”的区别；
7.条件状语从句unless, prviding/prvided, suppse/suppsing等引导词的用法；
8.“疑问词＋­ever”和“n matter＋疑问词”引导从句的用法；
9.where引导的状语从句；
10.与祈使句、定语从句、名词性从句、倒装句以及与强调句型的混合考查。
攻重点难点
(一)引导时间状语从句的从属连词及重点句式
1.引导时间状语从句的从属连词有：when, whenever, while, as, befre, after, since, till/until, as sn as, n sner , hardly/scarcely , immediately, instantly, the mment, every/each time等。
2.在掌握时间状语从句时，要注意以下几个重点句式：
(1)nt ...“直到……才……”
(2)It＋will be/was＋一段时间＋befre ... “过……(时间)才……”
(3)It＋is/has been＋一段时间＋since ... “自从……以来多长时间了”
(4)It＋was＋nt lng befre ...“不久……就……”
(5)N sner＋had＋主语＋过去分词 ...(正常语序：主语＋had n sner＋过去分词＋than ...) “一……就……”
(6)Hardly/Scarcely＋had＋主语＋过去分词 ... (正常语序：主语＋had hardly/scarcely＋过去分词＋when ...)“一……就……”
When I lived there, I used t g t the seashre n Sundays.我住在那里时，星期天常到海滨去。
Please dn't talk s lud while thers are wrking.在别人工作的时候，请别这么大声音说话。
It was sme time befre I realized the truth.过了很长一段时间我才悟出真相。
He had n sner finished his speech than the students started cheering.＝N sner had he finished his speech than the students started cheering.他刚完成演讲学生们就开始欢呼起来。
(二)引导条件状语从句的从属连词的用法
引导条件状语从句的从属连词有：if, unless(除非), as lng as/s lng as(只要), in case(以防，万一), nly if(要是……就好了), n cnditin that, prviding/prvided (that), suppse/suppsing (that)等。
1.if和unless引导的条件状语从句。if表示正面的条件，意为“如果”；unless(＝if )表示反面的条件，意为“除非，如果不”。
If we g n plluting the envirnment, the earth wn't be fit fr us t live in.如果我们继续污染环境，地球将不再适合我们居住。
Yu'll fail the exam unless yu study hard(＝if yu dn't study hard)．除非你努力学习，否则你考试会不及格。
2.in case, n cnditin that, prviding (that), prvided (that), suppsing (that), suppse (that)等词汇意思相近，意为“万一，假使，假如，在……条件下”。
In case there is a fire, what will we d first?万一发生火灾，我们首先要做什么？
Suppse/Suppsing (that) they refuse us, wh else can we turn t fr help?假如他们拒绝了我们，我们还能求助于谁？
They agreed t lend us the car n cnditin that we returned it befre the weekend.他们同意把车借给我们，条件是我们在周末前归还。
3.as lng as(＝s lng as)引导语气强烈的条件状语从句，意为“只要”。
As lng as yu dn't lse heart, yu will succeed.只要你不灰心，就会成功。
(三)引导原因状语从句的从属连词的用法
引导原因状语从句的从属连词有：because, as, since(既然，因为)，nw (that)(既然), seeing (that), in that等。
1.because语气最强，表示必然的因果关系，用来回答why的提问；
2.since语气稍弱，表示对方已知的原因或事实，意为“既然；因为；由于”，相当于nw (that)；
3.as语气最弱，往往不是明显的原因，只是对结果的附带说明。
I was absent frm the meeting because I was ill.因为我病了，所以我缺席了这次会议。
As it is raining, we shall nt g t the park.由于在下雨，我们不去公园了。
Nw (that)/Since everybdy is here, let's begin ur meeting.既然大家都在这里，我们开始开会吧。
(四)引导让步状语从句的从属连词的用法
引导让步状语从句的从属连词有：althugh, thugh, as, even if/thugh(尽管，即使), while(然而), whether ... r (nt), hwever, whatever, whever, n matter hw/what/wh等。
1.althugh/thugh(尽管，虽然), even if/thugh(即使)引导的让步状语从句
althugh与thugh两者意思相同，一般可互换，都可以与yet, still或nevertheless连用，但不能和but连用。even if与even thugh表示“尽管，即使”时，有退一步设想的意味。二者引导让步状语从句时，可用陈述语气，也可以用虚拟语气。
Althugh/Thugh it was raining hard, yet they went n playing ftball.虽然正下着大雨，但他们还是继续踢足球。
Even if/thugh it is raining, we'll g there.(陈述语气)即使下雨，我们也要去那里。
Even if/thugh I were busy, I wuld g.(虚拟语气)即使忙，我也要去。
2.as或thugh引导让步状语从句时倒装的情况
as或thugh引导的从句放在主句之前时，常用倒装语序。从句中的表语、状语或动词原形置于句首。若表语是单数名词，前置时要省略冠词。
Child as/thugh he is, he can tell the names f all the cars.尽管他是个孩子，但他能说出所有车的名字。
Much as/thugh I like it, I wn't buy it, fr it's t expensive.虽然我很喜欢它，但不会买，因为它太贵了。
3.whether nt(不管……还是……)；疑问词＋­ever与n matter＋疑问词(不管……；无论……)。
I have decided t take the jb ffer, whether it is gd r bad.不管好坏，我已经决定接受这份工作邀请。
Whatever (＝N matter what) yu say, he wn't believe yu.(让步状语从句)无论你说什么，他都不会相信你。
4.while也可作从属连词引导让步状语从句，相当于althugh。
(五)引导地点状语从句及其他状语从句的从属连词的用法
引导地点状语从句的连词有：where, wherever等；引导目的状语从句的连词有：s that, in case/fr fear (that), in rder that等；引导结果状语从句的连词有：s ... that，such ... that, s that等；引导方式状语从句的连词有： as, as if, as thugh等；引导比较状语从句的连词有：as ... as, the same as, mre than ..., n mre than, such ... as ...等。
We shuld g where the cuntry needs us mst.我们应到国家最需要我们的地方去。
It is such fine weather that we all want t g t the park.天气如此晴朗，以至于我们都想去公园。
He acted as if nthing had happened.他表现得好像什么也没发生。
They als need t be ready t give interviews in English with internatinal jurnalists.
This is they need an English trainer.
2. Cbb, fr her part, started t ask cnference rganizers wh invited her t speak she culd d s remtely; abut three-quarters f the time, they agreed.
3. Mental health invlves yu prcess things such as stress and anxiety.
4. is s breathtaking abut the experience is the ut-f-this-wrld scenes.
5. It seemed that I had becme my parents had wanted me t be.
6. Over thusands f years, they began t depend less n culd be hunted r gathered frm the wild, and mre n animals they had raised and crps they had swn.
7. What students d at cllege seems t matter much mre than they g.
8. The plar bear is fund in the Arctic Circle and sme big land masses as far suth as Newfundland. While they are rare nrth f 88°, there is evidence they range all the way acrss the Arctic, and as far suth as James Bay in Canada.
9. Yur supprt is imprtant t ur wrk. yu can d helps.
10. The mst pleasant thing f the rainy seasn is ne can be entirely free frm dust.
方向3 名词性从句的连词
语法填空常考点
1.连接代词what, wh(m)，whever, which, whse等的用法；
2.连接副词when, where, why和hw等的用法；
3.连接词that, whether和if的用法。
攻重点难点
(一)引导名词性从句的连接代词(如what)，连接副词(如when)，连接词(that, if, whether)的用法和区别
解答名词性从句中连接词的选用题目时，可采用“句子翻译法”，即看空缺处在句中是什么意思，充当什么成分。若在从句中不作成分只起引导作用，用that；若表达“是否”意义，用if/whether；若充当主语、宾语、表语或定语，用连接代词；若充当状语，则用连接副词。
What he wants t tell us is nt clear.他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。
Whether there is life n the mn is an interesting questin.月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。
I have n idea when he will cme back hme.我不知道他什么时候回到家。
The thught came t him that Mary had prbably fallen ill.他想到玛丽可能生病了。
(二)连接代词wh/whm, what, which与whever/whmever, whatever, whichever的用法和区别
在这两类连接词中，前面三个连接词在引导名词性从句时依然带有疑问的语气和含义，分别表示“谁”“什么”和“哪一个”。后面三个连接词则表示“无论……”的含义，并带有具体的针对性，不带疑问的语气和含义。
The prblem is wh we can get t replace her.问题是我们找谁去替代她。
Whever did it shuld be punished.无论是谁干的都应当受到惩罚。
(三)虚拟语气在名词性从句中的使用
一般来说，在某些特定动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用“shuld＋动词原形”，shuld可省略。常见的这类动词有“一个坚持”(insist)；“两个命令”(rder, cmmand)；“三个建议”(suggest, advise, recmmend)；“四个要求”(desire, require, demand, request)；“外加一个敦促”(urge)。
I insist that she (shuld) d her wrk alne.我坚持她应当单独做她的工作。
The cmmander rdered that trps (shuld) set ff at nce.司令员命令部队马上出发。
(四)同位语从句与定语从句的区别
同位语从句的作用相当于名词，用来解释说明前面名词(短语)的内容，常见的名词(通常是抽象名词)有idea, thught, fact, evidence, belief, dubt, fear, hpe, prpsal, truth, news, pssibility等；定语从句的作用相当于形容词，充当定语用来修饰主句中的某个名词或代词。
The news that ur ftball team wn the match was true.(同位语从句)我们足球队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。
The news (that) we heard n the radi was true.(定语从句)我们在收音机里听到的那则消息是真的。
1.【2022年北京卷】It’s easy t explain hw we determine ____15____ smells are dangerus r nt: we learn. This has been adpted t ensure easier detectin f gas leaks.
2.【2021年北京卷】The pr wman wasn't able t give him any infrmatin abut ____15____ she lived．
3.【2020年北京卷】 Oliver says if yu're___2___(luck) enugh t have smene clse t yu wh enjys cking, ask them___3___yu can jin in when it's pssible.
方向4 定语从句的连词
语法填空常考点
1.关系代词wh, whm, whse, which, that, as的用法；
2.关系副词where, when, why的用法；
3.“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句。
攻重点难点
(一)wh, whm, whse引导定语从句的用法
1.先行词是人，关系词在定语从句中作主语时，用wh/that，关系词不可省略；关系词在定语从句中作宾语时，用whm/wh/that，关系词可以省略。
2.先行词thse后常用wh引导定语从句。
3.“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，如果先行词指人，用whm指代人且不能省略。
4．whse引导定语从句时，作定语，且不能省略。
I've becme gd friends with several f the students in my schl wh/whm/that I met in the English speech cntest last year.我与好几位去年在英语演讲比赛中遇到的同校同学成了好朋友。
I have many friends t whm I'm ging t send pst cards.我要寄贺卡给我的很多朋友。
The schl shp, whse custmers are mainly students, is clsed fr the hlidays.这家主要顾客是学生的校内商店，放假时关闭。
点津：关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
Tm is the nly ne f the engineers wh has cme up with the slutin.汤姆是这些工程师中唯一一个想出解决方法的人。
(二)that, which引导定语从句的用法
1.that引导定语从句
既可指人又可指物，指人时通常可与wh, whm互换，指物时通常可与which互换。在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略。
2.定语从句中用that不用which的情况：
(1)当先行词是all, any, anything, everything, nthing等不定代词或被它们修饰时。
(2)当先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时。
(3)当先行词被the nly, the very, the same, the last等修饰时。
(4)当先行词既有人又有物时。
(5)当定语从句出现在which或wh的特殊疑问句中时。
(6)有两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词宜用which，另一个宜用that。
(7)当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词在从句中也作表语时。
(8)主句以here, there开头且先行词是指物的名词时。
3.which引导定语从句
(1)先行词为物。
(2)which在从句中作主语时不可省略，作宾语时可省略。
4．定语从句中用which而不用that的情况：
(1)在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词用which而不用that。
(2)关系代词前面有介词时，用which而不用that。
(3)先行词为that/thse时，用which而不用that。
She shwed the visitrs arund the museum that/which was cnstructed three years ag.她带着这些游客参观了那座三年前建造的博物馆。
The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.他们在桂林参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。
Wh is the man that is sitting n the rck smking?坐在岩石上抽烟的那个人是谁？
The by was away frm hme fr a week, which wrried his parents very much.这个男孩离家一个星期了，这使他父母很担心。
(三)as引导定语从句的用法
关系代词as既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句，as在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。
1.as引导限制性定语从句时常用于下列句式：
(1)eq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\c1(such＋名词＋as ...像……这样的，像……之类的,the same＋名词＋as ...和……一样的))
其中关系代词as在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。
(2) as ...凡是……的人(或事物)，所有……人(或事物)
其意义相当于everything that, all thse, thse that (wh)等。as引导定语从句并在从句中担当成分，定语从句修饰先行词such。
Take such as yu need.你需要什么就拿什么。
Yu may chse such as yu prefer.你可挑选自己想要的东西。
2.关系代词as与which引导非限制性定语从句时的区别：
as意为“正如，正像”，引导的非限制性定语从句既可在主句前，又可在主句后，有时还可插入主句中；而which意为“这件事，这一点”，引导的非限制性定语从句只能置于主句之后。相同的是两者都可替代整个主句的内容。
Such machines as are used in ur wrkshp are made in China.像在我们车间使用的这样的机器是中国制造的。
Tm has made great prgress, which makes his parents very happy.汤姆取得了很大进步，这使他父母很高兴。
“There is n such thing as a free lunch，” as the ld saying ges.正如老话所说的那样：“天下没有免费的午餐。”
(四)关系副词when, where, why引导定语从句的用法
1.when引导定语从句
关系副词when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。
2.where引导定语从句
(1)在定语从句中作地点状语。
(2)先行词可以是表示具体地点的名词(如place, hme, schl, village, city等)。
(3)先行词也可以是表示抽象意义的名词(如jb, life, situatin, pint, case, stage, activity等)。
3.why引导定语从句
关系副词why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于fr which。
I'm lking frward t the day when my daughter can read this bk and knw my feeling fr her.
我正期盼那一天的到来，那时我女儿可以读这本书，并且了解我对她的感情。
Sing! China has set up a big stage fr yung peple with a talent fr music, where sme have std ut amng them.《中国新歌声》为有音乐天赋的年轻人建立了一个大舞台，在这个舞台上一些人从中脱颖而出。
They have reached the pint where they have t separate with each ther.他们已经到了必须分手的地步。
D yu knw the reasn why/fr which he didn't attend the meeting?你知道他没参加会议的原因吗？
(五)“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句的用法
1.介词和关系代词的确定
若介词放在关系代词之前，关系代词指人时常用whm，指物时常用which。另外，whse也可以放在介词后，即“介词＋whse＋名词”结构。一般来说，确定关系代词前的介词，可以从以下三方面入手：
(1)先行词的意义；
(2)从句中的动词或形容词与先行词的固定搭配；
(3)句子的意思。
Trading leather shes is the business t which the Greens are devted.皮鞋生意是格林一家所致力于的事业。(be devted t “献身，致力于”，固定搭配)
Care f the sul is a gradual prcess in which even the small details f life shuld be cnsidered.心灵的呵护是一个渐进的过程，在这一过程中，即使是生活中微小的细节也应该考虑在内。
Recently I bught an ancient vase, the price f which (＝whse price) was very reasnable.最近我买了一个古代的花瓶，它的价钱很合理。
2.“f＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
在sme, any, few, little, nne, all, bth, neither, many, mst, each等代词或数词的前、后表示整体与部分的关系可以用f which/whm。
He had a lt f friends, nne f whm wuld ffer help t him when he was in truble.他有许多朋友，但当他遇到麻烦时没有人会给他提供帮助。
1.【2024北京卷】Tinniswd, ___17___ desn’t smke and rarely drinks, credited mderatin fr helping him stay healthy during his lng life. “If yu eat t much r d t much f anything, yu’re ging t suffer eventually,” he said.
2.【2023北京卷】Nina recently finished her year-lng series f runs in Chicag, 18 thusands were attending a water cnference.
3.【2022年北京卷】That includes cups, bttles, and bags, mst f ____18____ are nly gd fr ne use.
4.【2021年北京卷】Dreams might be a side effect f memry making.When yu sleep,yur brain srts thrugh everything ____12____ happened during the day，trying t link new experiences t ld memries.
（建议用时：40分钟）
【类型一：代词综合练】
1．Wh knws, perhaps sme f the mre frward-lking (ne) may yet cme ut with a whle range f “just fr yu” pack sizes with special ffers as well.
2．This area, with (it) unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved fr all peple f the natin t enjy as a natinal park.
3．Since peple can’t always eat ut r ck fr (they), they get takeut r rder delivery.
【类型二：并列连词综合练】
1．Either yur shpping is then t heavy t carry hme yu can’t use what yu’ve bught while it’s still fresh.
2．Recalling watching a Chinese pera versin f Shakespeare’s play Richard III in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actrs wh came t Stratfrd a few years ag t perfrm parts f The Peny Pavilin, Edmndsn said, “It was very exciting t hear the Chinese language see hw Tang’s play was being perfrmed.”
3．T eat ne, yu have t decide whether t bite a small hle in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill(溢出), t put the whle dumpling in yur muth, letting the ht sup explde n yur tngue.
4．It’s been an hnr t watch the panda prgramme develp t see the pandas settle int their new hme.
【类型三：状语从句综合练】
1．________ gardening may be hard physical wrk, thse wh lve it find it very relaxing mentally.
A．AlthughB．OnceC．SinceD．Unless
2．________ gardening may be hard physical wrk, thse wh lve it find it very relaxing mentally.
A．AlthughB．OnceC．SinceD．Unless
【类型四：定语从句综合练】
1．The Glasshuse stands as a great achievement in cntemprary design, t huse the plants f the suthwestern part f China at the end f a path retracing (追溯) the steps alng the Silk Rute brught the plants frm their native habitat in Asia t cme t define much f the richness f gardening in England.
2．Chinese cultural elements cmmemrating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, is knwn as “the Shakespeare f Asia,” add an internatinal character t Stratfrd-upn-Avn, William Shakespeare’s hmetwn.
3．Of curse, shps are nt charities — they price gds in the way will make them the mst mney.
4．Yet, the frm f the fable still has values tday, Rachel Carsn says in “A Fable fr Tmrrw”.
5．Yellwstne was the largest United States natinal park — 2.2 millin acres — until Wrangell-Saint Elias in suthern Alaska, became a natinal mnument in 1978, tk the hnrs as a natinal park in 1980 with 12.3 millin acres.
【类型五：名词性从句综合练】
1．If mst f their custmers are happy t buy larger quantities, that’s they’ll prmte. But that leaves the sl (单独) custmers ut f pcket and disappinted.
2．This is they need an English trainer.
3．Cbb, fr her party, started t ask cnference rganizers wh invited her t speak she culd d s remtely; abut three-quarters f the time, they agreed.
4．He saved my sn’s life," said Mrs. Brwn. "I dn't knw t thank him. ”
"I just didn't want the by t be hurt," said Henry.
5．It’s easy t explain hw we determine smells are dangerus r nt: we learn.
6．Cbb, fr her party, started t ask cnference rganizers wh invited her t speak she culd d s remtely; abut three-quarters f the time, they agreed.
【类型六：综合训练】
1.【2024年北京市海淀区高三一模】Fr brands t succeed, they must grasp and adapt t evlving cnsumer taste. Over the past decade, China 18 (witness) a shift in cnsumer behavir marked by the rise f gucha, a trend emphasizing natinalistic branding. Chinese cnsumers displayed a strng 19 (prefer) fr lcally-made prducts. Therefre, it’s crucial fr brands t genuinely cmprehend and hnr lcal custms, traditins, and values. While integrating Chinese elements int marketing strategies can be effective, it shuld be handled thughtfully 20 (avid) cultural insensitivity.
2.【2024年清华大学附属附中高三三模】The African penguin is expected t g extinct in the wild in just ver a decade, given its current ppulatin decline. The main reasn is a lack f fd caused by disturbance t cean cnditins frm glbal heating and 14 (cmpete) frm the cmmercial fishing industry. Accrding t a study, recently scientists 15 (identify) a pssible additinal cause, ne that is an entirely new threat and that further 16 (prevent) the penguins frm finding fd: nise pllutin frm marine ships in a bay.
3.【2024年北京交通大学附中高三三模】It’s evident that nt everybdy has a sense f humr. Learning abut theries f humr desn’t guarantee that ne’s ability t tell a jke will imprve in any measurable degree. It wuld be distressing t learn abut humr’s many benefits nly 18 (discver) that it’s an entirely a prduct f genetics. Still, psychlgists are divided n whether humr is an innate r learnable trait. In the past, they believed that nly sme cultures develped humr, but this 19 (believe) has changed, as n culture has ever been fund lacking f cmedy. S, if yu want t imprve yur sense f humr, trying t lk n the funny side f life 20 (wrk).
4.【2024年人大附中高三三模】The tiger shark 17 (cnsider) t be ne f the mst dangerus sharks in the wrld. Why are tiger sharks s dangerus? First, they like t live 18 waters where humans usually swim, s the chances f an encunter are much greater. Secnd, tiger sharks are s strng and aggressive that they can easily hit a persn. And third, tiger sharks have teeth perfectly 19 (design) fr cutting their fd, s it is certain 20 the damage will be disastrus.
5.（2024·北京朝阳·二模）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
The hrse-face skirt, r mamianqun in Chinese, is a traditinal Chinese skirt that dates back t the Sng Dynasty. Traditinally it has tw panels 15 (attach) t a single waistband, which verlap in frnt f the bdy t frm a “skirt dr”, like the hrse-face defenses n ancient city walls. It primarily 16 (represent) a Chinese philsphical cncept that harmnizes strength and gentleness. The skirt has gne beynd time and space t becme a fashin item tday. It 17 (prefer) by fans f traditinal clthing, wh have cntinued t develp it.
6.（2024·北京海淀·二模）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Nathen 11 (cycle) alng a remte rad when he came acrss an abandned kitten. Mved by her sad eyes and pitiful mewing, Nathen decided t adpt her and named her Mil. Tgether, they experienced kindness, 12 (visit) charities, and rescued animals, frming an unbreakable bnd. Mil especially liked ging t the railway statin near their hme during rush hur, 13 cmmuting (通勤) was challenging fr mst peple. Often 14 (find) sitting n a ticket gate, Mil greeted cmmuters and brught smiles t all she encuntered, making the spring mrning a little brighter.
【类型七：语法填空语篇训练】
一
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Senir citizens are the first t cme t ur mind when yu think f hearing lss, but in a recent reprt, hearing prfessinals wrry teenagers will sn utnumber aging adults ___1___ it cmes t living with hearing lss.
The rise in ppularity f persnal audi devices frm iPds t smart phnes has had dangerus effect n the ears f thse wh use them mst, teenagers! A research ___2___ (cnduct) by the Wrld Health Organizatin finds that nearly 50% f teens ___3___ (fall) int the habit f expsing themselves t unsafe levels f sund s far.
A sund is cnsidered unsafe when it ges beynd 85 decibels (分贝). At that level, it takes just 8 hurs f listening ver yur lifetime t cause damage. The luder the sund is, the ___4___ (little) time it takes t cause damage. Because hearing lss is ___5___ (typical) cnsidered a health prblem fr the elderly, it is difficult t cnvince already stubbrn teenagers that they really are ding damage ___6___ their ears.
Yung adults ___7___ have been expsed t lud nise ver a perid f time may have sme hearing lss symptms. Their ___8___ (able) t learn is cmprmised, and they may have difficulty develping scial skills.
In an effrt t help teens better prtect their hearing, we suggest ___9___ (set) vlume limits n persnal audi devices. ___10___ is als gd t limit the amunt f time expsed t nise and t take listening breaks t give the ears a rest.
二
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
When Victr Ga was grwing up in rural China in ___1___1970s, cars and trucks were s rare that he wuld chase them with the ther children thrugh the dirt rads, ___2___(thrill) by the strange sight. Tday, China is the wrld’s largest autmbile prducer, ___3___mre than duble the capacity(产能) f the United States.
"I never ___4___(expect) that an rdinary Chinese family wuld wn a car and China wuld be a majr autmbile making cuntry," Ga said, "It wuld be ___5___(cmplete) beynd my wildest dreams that China wuld prduce mre autmbiles than the US."
December 18, 2018 marks fur ___6___(decade) since China started the prcess, ___7___wuld transfrm it frm a pr cuntry int an ecnmic superpwer. This era f great change ___8___(knw) bradly as "Refrm and Opening". At the beginning f the refrm era, China’s GDP was just under $150 billin. Tday, it has sharply increased t ver $12 trillin(万亿), fllwing nly the United States. China hlds abut 10% f glbal wealth. In the last 20 years alne, wealth per adult has quadrupled(成四倍), ___9___(leave) fewer than 1% f the ppulatin in extreme pverty(贫困). China nw has 600 billinaires, a ___1-___(high) number than anywhere else in the wrld.
考点
五年考情（2020-2024）
命题趋势
代词
（5年1考）
语法填空对代词的考查主要集中在不定代词、反身代词、形容词性物主代词和代词的格等的用法上。侧重对it用法的考查。
介词
（5年5考）
语法填空题对介词的考查形式为纯空格，即没有提示词，这对考生正确理解句意和掌握的知识提出了较高的要求
连列
（5年7考）
方向1 并列连词and, but, s, r, while, nt nly ... but (als)等的用法
方向2 状语从句的连词
方向3 名词性从句的连词
方向4 定语从句的连词
with
(1)(表示状态)具有，带有
(2)(表示伴随)随着
(3)(表示原因)由于，因为
(4)(表示关系)和……一起
(5)构成with复合结构
against
(1)(表示态度)反对
(2)(表示对比)以……为背景
(3)(表示方位)倚靠着……
f
(1)表示“……的”
(2)“f＋n.”相当于该名词对应的形容词
fr
“fr＋时间段”表示“长达……”
despite
尽管，虽然
withut
如果没有
beynd
超出，超越