专题14 阅读理解（教学案）高考英语二轮复习精品资料

这是一份专题14 阅读理解（教学案）高考英语二轮复习精品资料，共112页。学案主要包含了先看题干，带着问题读文章，速读全文，了解大意知主题，详读细节，理顺思路与文章脉络，逻辑推理，做好深层理解题，猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎等内容，欢迎下载使用。

高中英语教学大纲明确规定“侧重提高阅读能力”，这为我们的备考指明了方向。分析近几年的高考英语试题，我们不难看出，阅读理解是高考试题中难度最大，区分度最高的题型，自始至终占据着主导地位。阅读理解能力属于语言的领会技能，它不仅考查对语篇的整体把握能力，而且考查快速捕捉信息、准确理解特定细节以及复杂句子的能力。不仅要准确理解文章表层的意思，还要通过表层去推理、判断。除此之外，还涉及非语言因素，如：对所学语言国家的社会和文化背景知识的掌握、生活常识、逻辑知识和语言修养等。
Ⅰ.阅读理解题策略
一、先看题干，带着问题读文章。
即先看试题，再读文章。阅读题干，首先要掌握问题的类型，分清是客观信息题还是主观判断题。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位，再将相关信息进行整合、甄别、分析、对比，有根有据地排除干扰项，选出正确答案。
二、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
近几年的高考阅读速度大约是每分钟40词左右。必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。速读全文对于主旨大意题的解决尤其有效，能快速抓住主干，确定好答案。
三、详读细节，理顺思路与文章脉络。
文章绝不是互不相干的句子的堆砌。作者为文，有脉可循。如记叙文多以人物为中心，以时间或空间为线索，按事件的发生、发展、结局展开故事；议论文则包含论点、论据、结论三大要素，通过解释、举例来阐述观点。
四、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
深层理解主要包括归纳概括题(中心思想，加标题等)和推理判断题，是阅读理解中的难点。深层理解是一种创造性的思维活动。它必须忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据，立足已知推断未知，不能凭空想像，随意揣测；读者要对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：cnclude，infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
五、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语阅读的重要能力，也是高考中常用的题型。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会“顺藤摸瓜”，通过构词法，语法，定义，同位语，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。
Ⅱ.阅读理解常见问题及原因分析
问题一：已经找对了题干与原文对应处，为何还做错？
原因：
①精确定位：要看清真正的问题，即用信息词定位之后，要看清句子逻辑关系，弄清意思。
②学会看选项的方法：
a．找最贴近原文意思的选项；
b．去除选项间的相同信息，专门关注区别点；
c．分清褒贬；
d．分清程度大小，强烈关注选项中表内容的单词；
e．看清范围，分清是整体还是局部。
考点一、主旨大意题
1．主旨大意题常分为两类：(1)选出文章最佳标题；(2)概括文章或段落大意。
2．主旨大意题主要考查对文章进行概括或总结的能力，它要求在阅读短文时，能够提炼文章的中心思想，体会作者的写作意图，充分运用逻辑概括能力，透过字里行间获取文章最具代表性的观点、论点及作者的情感倾向。研读近几年高考阅读理解，可以发现对主旨大意类的考查占有相当重要的地位。
【方法技巧】主旨大意题的三种思路：
①寻找主题句，确定文章大意。在许多情况下，尤其是在阅读说明文和议论文时，根据其篇章特点我们可以通过寻找短文的主题句来归纳出文章的主题。
主题句在文章中的位置通常有三种情况：开头、中间、结尾(或在开头结尾同时出现首尾呼应的主题句)，因此，仔细阅读这类文章或段落的首尾句是关键。做主旨概括类试题多采用浏览法，即浏览文章的首段和尾段的首句或尾句或每段的首句或尾句，重点搜索主题信息。
②抓住段落大意，概括中心思想。寻找整篇文章的中心思想的方法是建立在寻找各段落中心句的基础上。各段落中心句的整体归纳便是文章的中心思想。在这个过程中，不能仅依据只言片语或某一段落，而应该观察全文的结构安排，理解文章浓墨重笔的“重心”，考虑文章的材料及支撑性细节是服务于什么，分析故事情节围绕什么发展，最后用简明扼要的文字将文章的中心思想表达出来。
③抓住文章主线和关键词语，归纳文章中心。不是所有的段落都有主题句，有时主题句隐含在段落中。阅读这样的文章，就需要自己根据文章的细节来分析，继而概括出段落的主题，推导出文章的主旨。分析的方法是，先弄清该段落主要讲了哪几个方面的内容，这些内容在逻辑上有什么联系，然后加以归纳形成主题。
考点二、细节理解题
1．此类题型一般分两种情况；直接事实题(在原文中可直接找到答案，常见的类型有对号入座题、是非判断题、语意转换题、表格理解题等)以及间接事实题(需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语意上的转换)。
2．细节理解题要求考生对阅读材料中的某一具体事实和细节进行理解。有些问题，考生可以直接从文中找到明确的答案，但有些则需要在理解的基础上将有关信息进行处理，如计算、排序、判断、比较等。

【技巧归纳】
做事实细节题最基本也最常用的方法是题干定位法。一般在原文中找到相关的句子，然后进行比较和分析，便可确定答案。此类题通常用一些疑问词来提问，或是判断正误。
点拨：细节理解题的三个步骤：
①浏览全文，了解信息。快速通读全文，大致了解不同信息间的差异，为解决问题做好信息储备。
②抓关键词，快速寻读。根据题目要求，从题干中抓住关键性词语，以此为线索，通过略读和寻读的方法快速而准确地在文章中寻找与此问题相关的信息，找到后仔细阅读，反复品味，认真比较选项和文中细节，在准确理解该细节的前提下，排除干扰项，从而确定答案。
③回读信息，验证答案。确定答案后，必须回读原文，再一次根据原文中的信息对选项进行验证。
总之，对于细节理解题，我们要恰当地运用略读、查读等技巧，在文章中寻找与此问题相关的段落、语句，仔细品味，对照比较，确定答案。
考点三、词义猜测题
1．词义猜测题的常见形式：
(1)直接对某个陌生的词汇进行理解；
(2)对文中的某个代词确认指代的对象；
(3)对多义词或短语进行文中含义的精确定义；
(4)对英语中特有的表达、格言、谚语等进行直接的或解释性的描述。
2．词义猜测题是从特定的角度考查考生的阅读理解和处理生词的能力，它包括对词、词组和句意的理解。词义猜测不仅是一项阅读技巧，也是高考阅读能力考查的一个方面。
【方法技巧】词义猜测题的三大突破
1．根据定义猜测词义。如果生词由定语从句、同位语(同位语前常有r，similarly，that is t say，in rather wrds，namely，r rather，say等)或同位语从句来定义，或使用破折号、冒号、分号后的内容或引号中的内容加以解释，理解这些定义或解释就是在理解词义。
2．根据对比、比较关系猜测词义。在一个句子或段落中如有对两个事物或两种现象的对比性描述，我们可以从生词的对立面猜测其词义。表示对比关系的词语主要有：unlike，nt，but，hwever，despite，in spite f，in cntrast等。表示对比关系的句子结构有：while引导的并列句。表示比较关系的词语主要有：similarly，like，just as，als，as well as等。
3．通过构词法猜测词义。生词的前缀、后缀、复合词的各部分，词性的变化都可以暗示出词义。
注意
①不管这个词多超纲，根据上下文都能得出其意思；
②不管这个词多熟悉，都要通过上下文得出其在特定场合的意思。
考点四、推理判断题
1．推理判断题的考查形式通常为：
推断隐含含义；推断作者的观点和态度；推断写作目的和意图；推断文章的出处；推断文章中人物的性格态度等。
2．推理判断题主要考查考生在理解全文的基础上，从文章本身所提供的信息出发，运用逻辑思维，同时借助一定的常识进行分析、推理、判断的能力。
【方法技巧】推理判断题的五大技巧：
1．抓特定信息，逆向或正向推理。抓住某一段话中的关键信息，如关键词或短语去分析、推理、判断，利用逆向思维或正面推理，从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。
2．整合全文(段)信息进行推断。做推理题时，有时需要在弄懂全文的基础上，整合与题目相关的信息，综合推理判断，确定最佳结论。
3．利用语境的褒贬性进行推断。几乎每篇文章的语境都有一定的褒贬性，它反映了主人公的特定心理和情绪状态及作者的写作意图，因此利用好这一点，就能在把握主旨大意的基础上对文章进行准确的逻辑判断。
4．根据文章的结论推断作者的态度。作者的思想倾向和感情色彩往往隐含在文章的字里行间，在推断过程中，应特别注意文中作者的措辞，尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词。
5．根据上下文的逻辑得出结论。逻辑结论是指严格根据文章中所陈述的事实、论点、例证等一系列论据材料进行推理，从而得出合乎逻辑的结论，而不是根据自己的经验、态度、观点或爱好去理解文章的内涵。
考点五、篇章结构题
解答此类题目首先要了解文章结构，从段落组织方式上看，有三种形式：总分式结构(总→分→总；总→分；分→总)、并列式结构(段落之间是平行关系，并且相对独立)、对照式结构(结构形式是一正一反)。要想准确深刻地理解一篇文章，必须对文章的结构有所了解，把握文章的脉搏，特别是把握段与段之间的逻辑关系，然后分析作者采用了什么论证手段证明主题，从而正确解答试题。近几年还有些试题考查全文或某一段落是以什么样的形式展开论述的，一般来说有的按事情发展的顺序，有的按时间的先后顺序，有的按人物的活动内容，还有的按地点或空间的位置变换，阅读时要特别注意。
【2018·全国I】阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Washingtn, D.C. Bicycle Turs
Cherry Blssm Bike Tur in Washingtn, D.C.
Duratin Tur
This small grup bike tur is a fantastic way t see a wrld-famus cherry trees with beautiful flwers f Washingtn, D.C. Yur guide will prvide a histry lessn abut the trees and the famus mnuments where they blssm. Reserve yur spt befre availability — the cherry blssms—disappear!
Washingtn Capital Mnuments Bicycle Tur
Duratin:3 hurs (4 miles)
Jin a guided bike tur and view sme f the mst ppular mnuments in Washingtn, D.C. Explre the mnuments and memrials n the Natinal Mall as yur guide shares unique facts and histry at each stp. Guided tur includes bike, helmet, ckies and bttled water.
Capital City Bike Tur In Washingtn, D.C.
Duratin:3 hurs
Mrning r Afternn, this bike tur is the perfect tur fr D. C. newcmers and lcals lking t experience Washingtn, D.C. in a healthy way with minimum effrt. Knwledgeable guides will entertain yu with the mst ,interesting stries abut Presidents, Cngress, memrials, and parks. Cmfrtable bikes and a smth tur rute(路线）make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing.
Washingtn Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tur
Duratin:3 hurs(7miles)
Jin a small grup bike tur fr an evening f explratin in the heart f Washingtn, D.C. Get up clse t the mnuments and memrials as yur bike the sites f Capitl Hill and the Natinal Mall. Frequent stps are made fr pht taking as yur guide ffers unique facts and histry. Tur includes bike, helmet, and bttled water. All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.
21. Which tur d yu need t bk in advance?
A. Cherry Blssm like Tur in Washingtn, D.C.
B. Washingtn capital Mnuments Bicycle Tur.
C. Capital City Bike Tur in Washingtn, D. C.
D. Washingtn Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tur.
22. What will yu d n the Capital City Bike Tur?
A. Meet famus peple. B. G t a natinal park.
C. Visit well-knwn museums. D. Enjy interesting stries.
23. Which f the fllwing des the bicycle tur at night prvide?
A. City maps. B. Cameras.
C. Meals D. Safety lights
【答案】21. A 22. D 23. D
【解析】本文是一篇广告应用文。文章介绍了骑自行车到Washingtn, D.C.旅游的四中路线的相关行程及注意事项。
23. 细节理解题。根据文章Washingtn Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tur中的All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.可知，所有骑行者都要装备反光背心和安全手电筒。故选D。
B
Gd Mrning Britain’s Susanna Reid is used t grilling guests n the sfa every mrning, but she is cking up a strm in her latest rle — shwing families hw t prepare delicius and nutritius meals n a tight budget.
In Save Mney: Gd Fd, she visits a different hme each week and with the help f chef Matt Tebbutt ffers tp tips n hw t reduce fd waste, while preparing recipes fr under £5 per family a day. And the Gd Mrning Britain presenter says she’s been able t put a lt f what she’s leant int practice in her wn hme, preparing meals fr sns, Sam,14, Finn,13, and Jack, 11.
"We lve Mexican churrs, s I buy them n my phne frm my lcal Mexican takeaway restaurant," she explains. "I pay £5 fr a prtin(一份), but Matt makes them fr 26p a prtin, because they are flur, water, sugar and il. Everybdy can buy takeaway fd, but smetimes we’re nt aware hw cheaply we can make this fd urselves. "
The eight-part series(系列节自), Save Mney: Gd Fd, fllws in the ftsteps f ITV’s Save Mney: Gd Health, which gave viewers advice n hw t get value frm the vast range f health prducts n the market.
With fd ur biggest weekly husehld expense, Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week. In tnight’s Easter special they cme t the aid f a family in need f sme delicius inspiratin n a budget. The team transfrms the family’s lng weekend f celebratin with less expensive but still tasty recipes.
24. What d we knw abut Susanna Reid?
A. She enjys embarrassing her guests. B. She has started a new prgramme.
C. She dislikes wrking early in the mrning. D. She has had a light budget fr her family.
25. Hw des Matt Tebbutt help Susanna?
A. He buys cking materials fr her. B. He prepares fd fr her kids.
C. He assists her in cking matters. D. He invites guest families fr her.
26. What des the authr intend t d in paragraph 4?
A. Summarize the previus paragraphs. B. Prvide sme advice fr the readers.
C. Add sme backgrund infrmatin. D. Intrduce a new tpic fr discussin.
27. What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Keeping Fit by Eating Smart B. Balancing Our Daily Diet
C. Making yurself a Perfect Chef D. Cking Well fr Less
【答案】24. B 25. C 26. C 27. D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一档英国系列电视节目，给观众介绍如何减少食物浪费以及如何以较少的预算做出美味佳肴。
24. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段知道Gd Mrning Britain’s Susanna Reid is used t grilling guests n the sfa every mrning, but she is cking up a strm in her latest rle可知，她开辟了一个新的节目。故选B。
25. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的In Save Mney: Gd Fd, she visits a different hme each week and with the help f chef Matt Tebbutt ffers tp tips n hw t reduce fd waste, while preparing recipes fr under £5 per family a day.可知， Susanna 在Matt Tebbutt的帮助下，提供如何减少食物浪费同时给每日生活费低于5英镑的每个家庭准备食谱。故选C。解题关键词：同义词表达with the help f和help。
26. 写作意图题。根据文章第四段中的which gave viewers advice n hw t get value frm the vast range f health prducts n the market.可知，Save Mney: Gd Fd节目是Save Mney: Gd Health节目之后，给观众一些建议：如何从市场上众多的健康产品中获取价值。也就是给这个节目补充背景信息，故选C。
27. 主旨要义题。根据文章的整体内容可知，文章作者一直在讲如何用较少的钱做出好的食物。根据文章中的prepare delicius and nutritius meals n a tight budget.（在资金紧张的情况下，准备可口且有营养的饭菜）；hw t reduce fd waste, while preparing recipes fr under £5 per family a day. 如何减少食物浪费同时花费低于£5的一个家庭一整天的食谱；hw cheaply we can make this fd urselves. 我们自己做这种食物有多便宜；less expensive but still tasty recipes.不贵但仍然可口的食谱。故D项Cking Well fr Less是最佳标题。
C
Languages have been cming and ging fr thusands f years, but in recent times there has been less cming and a lt mre ging. When the the wrld was still ppulated by hunter-gatherers,small, tightly knit (联系)grups develped their wn patterns f speech independent f each ther.Sme language experts believe that 10,000 years ag, when the wrld had just five t ten millin peple, they spke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.
Sn afterwards, many f thse peple started settling dwn t becme farmers, and their languages t became mre settled and fewer in number. In recent centres, trade,industrialisatin. the develpment f the natin-state and the spread f universal cmpulsry educatin. Especially glbalisatin and better cmmunicatins in the past few decades,all have caused many Languages t disappear,and dminant languages such as English．Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking ver.
At present, the wrld has abut 6 800 languages. The distributin f these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild znes have relatively few languages. Often spken by many peple while ht. wet znes have lts, ften spken by small numbers.Eurpe has nly arund 200 Languages: the Americas abut 1,000. Africa 2 400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, f which Papua New Guinea alne accunts fr well ver 800. The median number (中位数)f speakers is a mere 6.000, which means that half the wrlds languages are spken by fewer peple than
Already well ver 400 f the ttal f, 6,800 languages are clse t extinctin(消亡), with nly a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at randm, Busuu in Camern (eight remaining speakers),Chiapanec in Mexic(150). Lipan Apache in the United States(tw r three)r Wadjigu in Australia (ne, with a questin-mark): nne f these seems t have much chance f survival.
28. What can we infer abut languages in huntergatherer times?
A. They develped very fast. B. They were large in number.
C. They had similar patters. D. They were clsely cnnected
29. Which f the fllwing best explains"dminant " underlined in paragraph 2？
A. Cmplex. B. Advanced.
C. Pwerful. D. Mdem.
30. Hw many languages are spken by less than 6, 000 peple at present?
A. Abut 6 800 B. Abut 3 400
C. Abut 2.400 D. Abut 1-200
31. What is the min idea f the text?
A. New languages will be created.
B. Peples lifestyles are reflected in languages
C. Human develpment results in fewer languages
D. Gegraphy determines language evlutin.
【答案】28. B 29. C 30. B 31. C
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章讲述了随着社会的发展人类语言越来越少及其原因。
29. 猜测词义题。根据文章第二段中的dminant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking ver.可知，英语、西班牙语和汉语正在替代其他语言。由此推知dminant languages意为：强有力的语言。故选C。
30. 细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的At present, the wrld has abut 6,800 languages.和The median number (中位数) f speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the wrld’s languages are spken by fewer peple than that. 可知，目前世界上大约有6800种语言，但是讲的人数少于6000人的占一半即3400。故选B。
31. 主旨要义题。根据文章第一段中的主题句Languages have been cming and ging fr thusands f years, but in recent times there has been less cming and a lt mre ging.可知，语言的产生和消失进行了几千年，但最近时代语言产生的少，消失的太多。故选C。
D
We may think we're a culture that gets rid f ur wrn technlgy at the first sight f smething shiny and new, but a new study shws that we keep using ur ld devices(装置) well after they g ut f style. That’s bad news fr the envirnment — and ur wallets — as these utdated devices cnsume much mre energy than the newer nes that d the same things.
T figure ut hw much pwer these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her clleagues at the Rchester Institute f Technlgy in New Yrk tracked the envirnmental csts fr each prduct thrughut its life — frm when its minerals are mined t when we stp using the device. This methd prvided a readut fr hw hme energy use has evlved since the early 1990s. Devices were gruped by generatin — Desktp cmputers, basic mbile phnes, and bx-set TVs defined 1992. Digital cameras arrived n the scene in 1997. And MP3 players, smart phnes, and LCD TVs entered hmes in 2002, befre tablets and e-readers shwed up in 2007.
As we accumulated mre devices, hwever, we didn't thrw ut ur ld nes. "The living-rm televisin is replaced and gets planted in the kids' rm, and suddenly ne day, yu have a TV in every rm f the huse," said ne researcher. The average number f electrnic devices rse frm fur per husehld in 1992 t 13 in 2007. We're nt just keeping these ld devices — we cntinue t use them. Accrding t the analysis f Babbitt's team, ld desktp mnitrs and bx TVs with cathde ray tubes are the wrst devices with their energy cnsumptin and cntributin t greenhuse gas emissins（排放）mre than dubling during the 1992 t 2007 windw.
S what's the slutin（解决方案）? The team's data nly went up t 2007, but the researchers als explred what wuld happen if cnsumers replaced ld prducts with new electrnics that serve mre than ne functin, such as a tablet fr wrd prcessing and TV viewing. They fund that mre n-demand entertainment viewing n tablets instead f TVs and desktp cmputers culd cut energy cnsumptin by 44%.
32. What des the authr think f new devices?
A. They are envirnment-friendly. B. They are n better than the ld.
C. They cst mre t use at hme. D. They g ut f style quickly.
33. Why did Babbitt's team cnduct the research?
A. T reduce the cst f minerals.
B. T test the life cycle f a prduct.
C. T update cnsumers n new technlgy.
D. T find ut electricity cnsumptin f the devices.
34. Which f the fllwing uses the least energy?
A. The bx-set TV. B. The tablet.
C. The LCD TV. D. The desktp cmputer.
35. What des the text suggest peple d abut ld electrnic devices?
A. Stp using them. B. Take them apart.
C. Upgrade them. D. Recycle them.
【答案】32. A 33. D 34. B 35. A
【解析】本文是一篇科普说明文。文章讲述了新旧电子设备的差别，旧电子设备耗能高，不环保。所以作者主张使用新电子设备。
32. 观点态度题。根据文章第一段中的That’s bad news fr the envirnment – and ur wallets – as these utdated devices cnsume much mre energy than the newer nes that d the same things.可知，使用旧的电子设备对环境和我们的钱包都是坏消息。这些过时的设备做相同的事情要消耗比新设备更多的能量。由此推知作者认为新电子设备环保、节能。故选A。
33. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的T figure ut hw much pwer these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her clleagues at the Rchester Institute f Technlgy in New Yrk tracked the envirnmental csts fr each prduct thrughut its life 可知，Babbitt’s team研究的目的是弄清楚这些设备用了多少电。故选D。
34. 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中的They fund that mre n-demand entertainment viewing n tablets instead f TVs and desktp cmputers culd cut energy cnsumptin by 44%.可知，平板电脑是耗能最少的电子设备，可以降低44%的耗能。故选B。
35. 推理判断题。根据文章的整体内容可知，因为旧的电子设备耗能高，不环保。所以作者建议停止使用旧的电子设备。故选A。
【2018·全国II】阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Summer Activities
Students shuld read the list with their parents/careers, and select tw activities they
wuld like t d. Frms will be available in schl and nline fr them t indicate their chices and return t schl. Befre chices are finalised, parents/careers will be asked t
sign t cnfirm their child’s chices.
21. Which activity will yu chse if yu want t g camping?
A. OUT. B. WBP. C. CRF. D. POT.
22. What will the students d n Tuesday with Mrs. Wilsn?
A. Travel t Lndn.
B. See a parade and firewrks.
C. Tur central Paris.
D. Visit the WWI battlefields.
23. Hw lng des Ptty abut Ptter last?
A. Tw days. B. Fur days.
C. Five days. D. One week.
【答案】21. A 22. D 23. A
【解析】本文是一篇广告布告类说明文。文中讲述了家长和孩子一起挑选可以参加的活动。文中分别对这些活动的名称，活动内容，活动特色和活动组织工作人员还有活动的价格进行了详细的描述。
23. 细节理解题。根据题干中的信息Ptty abut Ptter last我们从最后一种活动来寻找答案。关键信息vernight意为“一夜的逗留”。故这个活动是持续两天。故选A。
B
Many f us lve July because it’s the mnth when nature’s berries and stne fruits are in abundance. These clurful and sweet jewels frm British Clumbia’s fields are little pwerhuses f nutritinal prtectin.
Of the cmmn berries, strawberries are highest in vitamin C, althugh, because f their seeds, raspberries cntain a little mre prtein (蛋白质), irn and zinc (nt that fruits have much prtein). Blueberries are particularly high in antixidants (抗氧化物质). The yellw and range stne fruits such as peaches are high in the cartenids we turn int vitamin A and which are antixidants. As fr cherries (樱桃), they are s delicius wh cares? Hwever, they are rich in vitamin C.
When cmbined with berries f slices f ther fruits, frzen bananas make an excellent base fr thick, cling fruit shakes and lw fat “ice cream”. Fr this purpse, select ripe bananas fr freezing as they are much sweeter. Remve the skin and place them in plastic bags r cntainers and freeze. If yu like, a squeeze f fresh lemn juice n the bananas will prevent them turning brwn. Frzen bananas will last several weeks, depending n their ripeness and the temperature f the
If yu have a juicer, yu can simply feed in frzen bananas and sme berries r sliced fruit. Out cmes a “sft-serve” creamy dessert, t be eaten right away. This makes a fun activity fr a children’s party; they lve feeding the fruit and frzen bananas int the tp f the machine and watching the ice cream cme ut belw.
24. What des the authr seem t like abut cherries?
A. They cntain prtein. B. They are high in vitamin A.
C. They have a pleasant taste. D. They are rich in antixidants.
25. Why is fresh lemn juice used in freezing bananas?
A. T make them smell better. B. T keep their clur.
C. T speed up their ripening. D. T imprve their nutritin.
26. What is “a juicer” in the last paragraph?
A. A dessert. B. A drink.
C. A cntainer. D. A machine.
27. Frm which is the text prbably taken?
A. A bilgy textbk. B. A health magazine.
C. A research paper. D. A travel brchure.
【答案】24. C 25. B 26. D 27. B
【解析】本文是一篇日常生活类说明文。文中讲述了人们热爱水果丰盛的7月，这时候各种水果营养丰富且含有对人体有益的微量元素，尤其是香蕉。我们可以利用它做一些孩子喜欢的甜点或冰淇淋。
24. 细节理解题。题干问的是，作者喜欢樱桃什么。根据第二段中As fr cherries (樱桃), they are s delicius wh cares?（至于樱桃，因为它们很好吃谁在乎呢?）可知，作者在乎的是它的美味。故选C。
25. 细节理解题。根据第三段中的If yu like, a squeeze f fresh lemn juice n the bananas will prevent them turning brwn.可知，往香蕉上滴新鲜的柠檬汁是为了防止香蕉变成褐色，故新鲜的柠檬汁是被用来保持香蕉的颜色的。故选B。
26. 词义猜测题。根据最后一段中they lve feeding the fruit and frzen bananas int the tp f the machine and watching the ice cream cme ut belw可知，孩子们喜欢把一些水果和冷冻的香蕉放入到这台机器的上部，然后看到冰激凌从下面出来。故可以推出a juicer就是一台机器。故选D。
27. 文章出处题。文章首先指出七月是水果盛产的季节，并指出各种水果富含的营养，最后一段指出我们可以用a juicer为孩子们做一些甜点和冰激凌，故最可能是从健康杂志上摘取的文章。A项意为：生物教科书；B项意为：一本健康杂志；C项意为：一篇研究论文；D项意为：一本旅游手册。故选B。
C
Teens and yunger children are reading a lt less fr fun, accrding t a Cmmn Sense Media reprt published Mnday.
While the decline ver the past decade is steep fr teen readers, sme data in the reprt shws that reading remains a big part f many children’s lives, and indicates hw parents might help encurage mre reading.
Accrding t the reprt’s key findings, “the prprtin (比例) wh say they ‘hardly ever’ read fr fun has gne frm 8 percent f 13-year-lds and 9 percent f 17-year-lds in 1984 t 22 percent and 27 percent respectively tday.”
The reprt data shws that pleasure reading levels fr yunger children, ages 2—8, remain largely the same. But the amunt f time spent in reading each sessin has declined, frm clser t an hur r mre t clser t a half hur per sessin.zxx.k
When it cmes t technlgy and reading, the reprt des little t cunsel(建议) parents lking fr data abut the effect f e-readers and tablets n reading. It des pint ut that many parents still limit electrnic reading, mainly due t cncerns abut increased screen time.
The mst hpeful data shared in the reprt shws clear evidence f parents serving as examples and imprtant guides fr their kids when it cmes t reading. Data shws that kids and teens wh d read frequently, cmpared t infrequent readers, have mre bks in the hme, mre bks purchased fr them, parents wh read mre ften, and parents wh set aside time fr them t read.
As the end f schl appraches, and schl vacatin reading lists lm(逼近) ahead, parents might take this chance t step in and make their wn summer reading list and plan a family trip t the library r bkstre.
28. What is the Cmmn Sense Media reprt prbably abut?
A. Children’s reading habits.
B. Quality f children’s bks.
C. Children’s after-class activities.
D. Parent-child relatinships.
29. Where can yu find the data that best supprts "children are reading a lt less fr fun"?
A. In paragraph 2. B. In paragraph 3.
C. In paragraph 4. D. In paragraph 5.
30. Why d many parents limit electrnic reading?
A. E-bks are f pr quality.
B. It culd be a waste f time.
C. It may harm children’s health.
D. E-readers are expensive.
31. Hw shuld parents encurage their children t read mre?
A. Act as rle mdels fr them.
B. Ask then t write bk reprts.
C. Set up reading grups fr them.
D. Talk with their reading class teachers.
【答案】28. A 29. B 30. C 31. A
【解析】据本周一公布的a Cmmn Sense Media reprt报告显示，青少年和年幼的孩子们读书的乐趣大大减少。文中从阅读的乐趣，阅读的时间，阅读方式和父母对孩子阅读的影响等角度展示了该报告的内容。
29. 推理判断题。根据第三段中的the prprtin (比例) wh say they ‘hardly ever’ read fr fun has gne frm 8 percent f 13-year-lds and 9 percent f 17-year-lds in 1984 t 22 percent and 27 percent respectively tday.可知，很少为乐趣而阅读的人的比例已经分别从1984年的13岁的8%和17岁的9%上升到现在的22%和27%。也就是说，为乐趣而读书的人越来越少了。故选B。
30. 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段最后一句many parents still limit electrnic reading, mainly due t cncerns abut increased screen time可知，许多家长仍然限制电子阅读，主要是由于担心看一些电子屏幕的时间越来越多，也即是担心会伤害孩子们的健康。故选C。
31. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段The mst hpeful data shared in the reprt shws clear evidence f parents serving as examples and imprtant guides fr their kids when it cmes t reading.可知，有明显的证据表明，父母为孩子们做榜样并为孩子们作重要指导能培养孩子的阅读习惯。也即是说，父母可以通过给孩子们作榜样来鼓励孩子们阅读的。故选A。
D
We’ve all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank r n an airplane, surrunded by peple wh are, like us, deeply fcused n their smartphnes r, wrse, struggling with the uncmfrtable silence.
What’s the prblem? It’s pssible that we all have cmprmised cnversatinal intelligence. It’s mre likely that nne f us start a cnversatin because it’s awkward and challenging, r we think it’s annying and unnecessary. But the next time yu find yurself amng strangers, cnsider that small talk is wrth the truble. Experts say it’s an invaluable scial practice that results in big benefits.
Dismissing small talk as unimprtant is easy, but we can’t frget that deep relatinships wuldn’t
even exist if it weren’t fr casual cnversatin. Small talk is the grease(润滑剂) fr scial cmmunicatin, says Bernard Carducci, directr f the Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Sutheast. ＂Almst every great lve stry and each big business deal begins with small talk,＂ he explains. ＂The key t successful small talk is learning hw t cnnect with thers, nt just cmmunicate with them.＂
In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, assciate prfessr f psychlgy at UBC, invited peple n their way int a cffee shp. One grup was asked t seek ut an interactin(互动) with its waiter; the ther, t speak nly when necessary. The results shwed that thse wh chatted with their server reprted significantly higher psitive feelings and a better cffee shp experience. ＂It’s nt that talking t the waiter is better than talking t yur husband,＂ says Dunn. ＂But interactins with peripheral(边缘的) members f ur scial netwrk matter fr ur well-being als.＂
Dunn believes that peple wh reach ut t strangers feel a significantly greater sense f belnging, a bnd with thers. Carducci believes develping such a sense f belnging starts with small talk. ＂Small talk is the basis f gd manners,＂ he says.
32. What phenmenn is described in the first paragraph?
A. Addictin t smartphnes.
B. Inapprpriate behaviurs in public places.
C. Absence f cmmunicatin between strangers.
D. Impatience with slw service.
33. What is imprtant fr successful small talk accrding t Carducci?
A. Shwing gd manners. B. Relating t ther peple.
C. Fcusing n a tpic. D. Making business deals.
34. What des the cffee-shp study suggest abut small talk?
A. It imprves family relatinships. B. It raises peple’s cnfidence.
C. It matters as much as a frmal talk. D. It makes peple feel gd.
35. What is the best title fr the text?
A. Cnversatin Cunts B. Ways f Making Small Talk
C. Benefits f Small Talk D. Uncmfrtable Silence
【答案】32. C 33. B 34. D 35. C
【解析】这是一篇议论文。在当今社会，人们在公共场合或沉迷于智能手机，或与不舒服的沉默抗争，陌生人之间缺乏沟通。但人与人之间是需要适当的交谈闲聊的，闲聊是人际关系社会交往必不可少的部分，而且也有很多好处。
32. 主旨大意题。题干问的是：第一段描述了什么现象。在公共场合（比如在电梯里，在银行排队，或在飞机上）人们深深地专注于他们的智能手机，或者更糟糕的是，与不舒服的沉默抗争。有此可知，陌生人之间缺乏沟通。A项意为：沉迷于智能手机。B项意为：在公共场所不适当的行为。C项意为：陌生人之间缺乏沟通。D项意为：对缓慢的服务不耐烦。故选C项。
33. 推理判断题。题干问得是对于Carducci来说，成功的闲聊中重要的是什么。根据第三段最后一句“The key t successful small talk is learning hw t cnnect with thers, nt just cmmunicate with them”（成功闲聊的关键是学习如何与他们交流，而不仅仅是与他们沟通。）由此推断C符合题意。A项意为：表现出良好的礼貌。B项意为：与他人有关的。C项意为：专注于一个话题。D项意为：做商业交易。故选B项。
34. 推理判断题。题干问的是：咖啡店的研究对闲聊有什么建议。根据第四段的调查结果可知，那些与服务员聊天的人，有显著的积极情绪和更好的咖啡店体验。由此可知，D项符合题意。A项意为：闲聊改善了家庭关系。B项意为：闲聊提高了人们的信心。C项意为：闲聊和正式谈话一样重要。D项意为：闲聊让人感觉很好。故选D项。
35. 主旨大意题。整篇文章刚开始介绍了社会的现象（公共场合人们沉迷于智能手机，陌生人之间缺乏沟通交流），接着分析了这一问题的原因，接下来有专家对闲聊进行了研究，最后得出结论，闲聊都有什么样的好处。A项意为：谈话很重要。B项意为：闲聊的方法。C项意为：闲聊的好处。D项意为：不舒服的沉默。故选C项。
【2018·全国III】阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Welcme t Hlker Hall & Gardens
Visitr Infrmatin
Hw t Get t Hlker
By Car： Fllw brwn signs an A590 frm JB6, M6.Apprximale travel times: Windermere-20 minutes, Kendal-25 minutes, Lancaster-45 minutes, Manchester-I hur 30
By Rail: The nearest statin is Cark-in-Cartmel with trains t Carnfrth, Lancaster Prestn fr cnnectins t majr cities & airprts.
Opening Times
Sunday-Friday (clsed n Saturday)11:00 am-4:00pm,30 March-2nd Nvember.
Admissin Charges
Hall & Gardens Gardens
Adults: £12.00 £8.00
Grups £9 £5.5
Prducers: Market 13th April
Jin us t taste a variety f fresh lcal fd and drinks. Meet the prducers and get sme excellent recipe ideas.
Hlker Garden Festival 30th May
The event celebrate its 22nd anniversary with a great shw f the very best f gardening, making it ne f the mst ppular events in gardening.
Natinal Garden Day 28th August
Hlker nce again pens is gardens in aid f the disadvantaged. Fr just a small dnatin yu can take a tur with ur garden guide.
Winter Market 8th Nvember
This is an event fr all the family. Wander amng a variety f shps selling gifs while enjying a live music shw and nice street entertainment.
21. Hw lng des it prbably take a turist t drive t Hlker frm Manchester?
A. 20minutes. B. 25 minutes.
C. 45 minutes. D. 90 minutes.
22. Hw much shuld a member f a tur grup pay t visit t Hall & Cardens?
A. £l2.00. B. £9.00.
C. £8.0 D. £5.50
23. Which event will yu g t if yu want t see a live music shw?
A. Prducers' Market. B. Hlker Garden Festival.
C. Natinal Garden Day. D. Winter Market.
【答案】21. D 22. B 23. D
【解析】文章为旅游指南。文章主要介绍了去Hlker Hall& Garden 旅游的相关信息，如：出行方式，开放时间，旅行费用以及主要活动等。
21. 细节理解题。根据第一段Hw t Get t Hlker中By car里Apprximate travel times后面内容可知，从Manchester到Hlker要用1 hur and 30 minutes，即90分钟，故选D。
B
Cities usually have a gd reasn fr being where they are, like a nearby prt r river. Peple settle in these places because they are easy t get t and naturally suited t cmmunicatins and trade. New Yrk City, fr example, is near a large harbur at the muth f the Hudsn River. Over 300 years its ppulatin grew gradually frm 800 peple t 8 millin. But nt all cities develp slwly ver a lng perid f time. Bm twns grw frm nthing almst vernight. In 1896, Dawsn, Canada, was unmapped wilderness(荒野). But gld was discvered there in 1897, and tw years later, it was ne f the largest cities in the West, with a ppulatin f 30,000.
Dawsn did nt have any f the natural cnveniences f cities like Lndn r Paris. Peple went there fr gld. They travelled ver snw-cvered muntains and sailed hundreds f miles up icy rivers. The path t Dawsn was cvered with thirty feet f wet snw that culd fall withut warming. An avalanche(雪崩) nce clsed the path, killing 63 peple. Fr many wh made it t Dawsn, hwever, the rewards were wrth the difficult trip. Of the first 20,000 peple wh dug fr gld, 4,000 gt rich. Abut 100 f these stayed rich men fr the rest f their lives.
But n matter hw rich they were, Dawsn was never cmfrtable. Necessities like fd and wd were very expensive. But sn, the gld that Dawsn depended n had all been fund. The city was crwded with disappinted peple with n interest in settling dwn, and when they heard there were new gld discveries in Alaska, they left Dawsn City as quickly as they had cme. Tday, peple still cme and g — t see where the Canadian gld rush happened. Turism is nw the chief industry f Dawsn City — its present ppulatin is 762.
24. What attracted the early settlers t New Yrk City?
A. Its business culture.
B. Its small ppulatin.
C. Its gegraphical psitin.
D. Its favurable climate.
25. What d we knw abut thse wh first dug fr gld in Dawsn?
A. Tw-thirds f them stayed there.
B. One ut f five peple gt rich.
C. Almst everyne gave up.
D. Half f them died.
26. What was the main reasn fr many peple t leave Dawsn?
A. They fund the city t crwded.
B. They wanted t try their luck elsewhere.
C. They were unable t stand the winter.
D. They were shrt f fd.
27. What is the text mainly abut?
A. The rise and fall f a city.
B. The gld rush in Canada.
C. Jurneys int the wilderness.
D. Turism in Dawsn.
【答案】24. C 25. B 26. B 27. A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Dawsn这座城市的发展原因、过程与现状。
24. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段中Cities usually have a gd reasn fr being where they are, like a nearby prt r river. Peple settle in these places because they are easy t get t and naturally suited t cmmunicatins and trade. New Yrk City, fr example, is near a large harbur at the muth f the Hudsn River.可知，人们选择在河边或港口设城是因为交通方便，便于做生意。而纽约就是在哈德森河口附近的一个大港口，故纽约吸引早期移民的原因是它的地理位置，故C正确。
25. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句Of the first 20,000 peple wh dug fr gld, 4,000 gt rich. Abut 100 f these stayed rich men fr the rest f their lives.可知，在最初挖黄金的两万人中有4000人变富有，所以是五分之一的人变富了，故B正确。
26. 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中and when they heard there were new gld discveries in Alaska, they left Dawsn City as quickly as they had cme.可知，人们离开Dawsn的主要原因是听说在Alaska发现了黄金，也就是他们要去别的地方寻找发财的机会。故B正确。
27. 主旨大意题。第一段简要介绍城市发展的原因，引出Dawsn这一城市的兴起，第二段介绍了该城市兴起的原因，第三段介绍人们选择离开该城市的原因及现在的状况，所以全文围绕Dawsn这个城市的发展起伏。故A正确。
C
While famus freign architects are invited t lead the designs f landmark buildings in China such as the new CCTV twer and the Natinal Center fr the Perfrming Arts, many excellent Chinese architects are making great effrts t take the center stage.
Their effrts have been prven fruitful. Wang Shu, a 49-year-ld Chinese architect, wn the 2012 Pritzker Architecture Prize — which is ften referred t as the Nbel Prize in architecture — n February 28. He is the first Chinese citizen t win this award.
Wang serves as head f the Architecture Department at the China Academy f Art (CAA). His ffice is lcated at the Xiangshan campus(校园) f the university in Hangzhu, Zhejiang Prvince. Many buildings n the campus are his riginal creatins.
The style f the campus is quite different frm that f mst Chinese universities. Many visitrs were amazed by the cmplex architectural space and abundant building types. The curves(曲线) f the buildings perfectly match the rise and fall f hills, frming a unique view.
Wang cllected mre than 7 millin abandned bricks f different ages. He asked the wrkers t use traditinal techniques t make the bricks int walls, rfs and crridrs. This creatin attracted a lt f attentin thanks t its mixture f mdern and traditinal Chinese elements(元素).
Wang’s wrks shw a deep understanding f mdern architecture and a gd knwledge f traditins. Thrugh such a balance, he had created a new type f Chinese architecture, said Tada And, the winner f the 1995 Pritzker Prize.
Wang believes traditins shuld nt be sealed in glass bxes at museums. "That is nly evidence that traditins nce existed," he said.
"Many Chinese peple have a misunderstanding f traditins. They think traditin means ld things frm the past. In fact, traditin als refers t the things that have been develping and that are still being created, " he said.
"Tday, many Chinese peple are learning Western styles and theries rather than fcusing n Chinese traditins. Many peple tend t talk abut traditins withut knwing what they really are, " said Wang.
The study f traditins shuld be cmbined with practice. Otherwise, the recreatin f traditins wuld be artificial and empty, he said.
28. Wang’s winning f the prize means that Chinese architects are ___________.
A. fllwing the latest wrld trend
B. getting internatinal recgnitin
C. wrking harder than ever befre
D. relying n freign architects
29. What impressed visitrs t the CAA Xiangshan campus mst?
A. Its hilly envirnment.
B. Its large size.
C. Its unique style.
D. Its diverse functins.
30. What made Wang’s architectural design a success?
A. The mixture f different shapes.
B. The balance f East and West.
C. The use f ppular techniques.
D. The harmny f ld and new.
31. What shuld we d abut Chinese traditins accrding t Wang?
A. Spread them t the wrld. B. Preserve them at museums.
C. Teach them in universities. D. Recreate them in practice.
【答案】28. B 29. C 30. D 31. D
【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了中国建筑设计师王澍在其作品中融合中国传统建筑文化，获得了建筑界的诺贝尔奖——普利策奖，这让中国建筑现在得到了国际认可。
30. 细节理解题。根据文章第六段1995年普利策奖的获得者Tada And的评语可知，王澍设计的成功之处是把中国传统元素融入现代设计，并保持两者的和谐，故D正确。
31. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段和倒数第三段中In fact, traditin als refers t the things that have been develping and that are still being created可知，传统的研究要与实践相结合，在实践中进行再创造，否则就会是人工的和空的，故D正确。
D
Adults understand what it feels like t be flded with bjects. Why d we ften assume that mre is mre when it cmes t kids and their belngings? The gd news is that I can help my wn kids learn earlier than I did hw t live mre with less.
I fund the pre-hlidays a gd time t encurage yung children t dnate less-used things, and it wrked. Because f ur effrts, ur daughter Gergia did decide t dnate a large bag f tys t a little girl whse mther was unable t pay fr her hliday due t illness. She chse t sell a few larger bjects that were less ften used when we prmised t put the mney int her schl fund(基金）(ur kindergarten daughter is serius abut becming a dctr)
Fr weeks, I've been thinking f bigger, deeper questins: Hw d we make it a habit fr them? And hw d we train urselves t help them live with, need, and use less? Yesterday, I sat with my sn, Shepherd, determined t test my wn thery n this. I decided t play with him with nly ne ty fr as lng as it wuld keep his interest. I expected that ne ty wuld keep his attentin fr abut five minutes, ten minutes, max. I chse a red rubber ball-simple, universally available. We passed it, he tried t put it in his muth, he tried buncing it, rlling it, sitting n it, thrwing it. It was ttally, cmpletely enugh fr him. Befre I knew it an hur had passed and it was time t mve n t lunch.
We bth became absrbed in the simplicity f playing tgether. He had my full attentin and I had his. My little experiment t find jy in a single bject wrked fr bth f us.
32. What d the wrds “mre is mre” in paragraph 1 prbably mean?
A. The mre, the better. B. Enugh is enugh.
C. Mre mney, mre wrries. D. Earn mre and spend mre.
33. What made Gergia agree t sell sme f her bjects?
A. Saving up fr her hliday B. Raising mney fr a pr girl
C. Adding the mney t her fund D. Giving the mney t a sick mther
34. Why did the authr play the ball with Shepherd?
A. T try ut an idea
B. T shw a parent's lve
C. T train his attentin
D. T help him start a hbby
35. What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Take It r Leave It B. A Lessn frm Kids
C. Live Mre with Less D. The Pleasure f Giving
【答案】32. A 33. C 34. A 35. C
【解析】这是一片夹叙夹议文。文章讲述作者引导孩子主动捐献玩具，并从玩耍简单玩具中获得快乐的做法。
32. 词义猜测题。根据文章第一段最后一句…I can help my wn kids learn earlier than I did hw t live mre with less可以推断出，人们通常认为越多越好。故选A。
33. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中She chse t sell a few larger bjects that were less ften used when we prmised t put the mney int her schl fund(基金)可知，当我们承诺给她把卖玩具的钱放到她的教育基金里时，她同意卖玩具。故选C。
34. 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段最后一句My little experiment t find jy in a single bject wrked fr bth f us.表明，跟Shepherd玩球是为了测试自己的一种想法是否可行。故选A。
35. 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段可知，作者想要教会孩子hw t live mre with less，而二三段是作者的尝试，故C作标题适合。
【2018·浙江卷】阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
A
In 1812, the year Charles Dickens was brn, there were 66 nvels published in Britain. Peple had been writing nvels fr a century—mst experts date the first nvel t Rbinsn Cruse in 1719—
but nbdy wanted t d it prfessinally. The steam-pwered printing press was still in its early stages; the literacy（识字） rate in England was under 50%. Many wrks f fictin appeared withut the names f the authrs, ften with smething like “By a lady.”Nvels, fr the mst part, were lked upn as silly, immral, r just plain bad.
In 1870, when Dickens died, the wrld murned him as its first prfessinal writer and publisher, famus and belved, wh had led an explsin in bth the publicatin f nvels and their readership and whse characters — frm Oliver Twist t Tiny Tim— were held up as mral tuchstnes. Tday Dickens’ greatness is unchallenged. Remving him frm the panthen（名人堂） f English literature wuld make abut as much sense as the Luvre selling ff the Mna Lisa.
Hw did Dickens get t the tp? Fr all the feelings readers attach t stries, literature is a numbers game, and the test f time is extremely difficult t pass. Sme 60,000 nvels were published during the Victrian age, frm 1837 t1901; tday a casual reader might be able t name a half-dzen f them. It’s partly true that Dickens’ style f writing attracted audiences
frm all walks f life. It’s partly that his writings rde a wave f scial, plitical and scientific prgress. But it’s als that he rewrte the culture f literature and put himself at the center. N ne will ever knw what mix f talent, ambitin, energy and luck made Dickens such a singular writer. But as the 200th anniversary f his birth appraches, it is pssible — and imprtant fr ur wn culture—t understand hw he made himself a lasting ne.
21. Which f the fllwing best describes British nvels in the 18th century?
A. They were difficult t understand.
B. They were ppular amng the rich.
C. They were seen as nearly wrthless.
D. They were written mstly by wmen.
22. Dickens is cmpared with the Mna Lisa in the text t stress________.
A. his reputatin in France
B. his interest in mdern art
C. his success in publicatin
D. his imprtance in literature
23. What is the authr’s purpse in writing the text?
A. T remember a great writer.
B. T intrduce an English nvel.
C. T encurage studies n culture.
D. T prmte values f the Victrian age.
【答案】21. C 22. D 23. A
【解析】本文写于Charles Dickens诞辰200周年前夕，介绍了Charles Dickens在英国小说方面的重要贡献和深远影响。
21. 细节理解题。根据第一段对当时情况的描写nbdy wanted t d it prfessinally. The steam-pwered printing press was still in its early stages; the literacy（识字）rate in England was under 50%. Many wrks f fictin appeared withut the names f the authrs Nvels, fr the mst part, were lked upn as silly, immral, r just plain bad.印刷技术落后，人们识字率低，作品上没有作者名字，小说被认为是愚蠢的不正常的，毫无价值可言。故选C。
23. 写作意图题。根据文中对Charles Dickens及其作品在英国小说史上重要性的描写，和文章最后But as the 200th anniversary f his birth appraches, it is pssible — and imprtant fr ur wn culture—t understand hw he made himself a lasting ne.可知本文是写于Charles Dickens诞辰200周年前夕，由此可知作者写本文是为了纪念这位伟大的作家。故选A。
B
Steven Stein likes t fllw garbage trucks. His strange habit makes sense when yu cnsider that he’s an envirnmental scientist wh studies hw t reduce litter, including things that fall ff garbage trucks as they drive dwn the rad. What is even mre interesting is that ne f Stein's jbs is defending an industry behind the plastic shpping bags.
Americans use mre than 100 billin thin film plastic bags every year. S many end up in tree branches r alng highways that a grwing number f cities d nt allw them at checkuts(收银台) . The bags are prhibited in sme 90 cities in Califrnia, including Ls Angeles. Eyeing these headwinds, plastic-bag makers are hiring scientists like Stein t make the case that their prducts are nt as bad fr the planet as mst peple assume.
Amng the bag makers' argument: many cities with bans still allw shppers t purchase paper bags, which are easily recycled but require mre energy t prduce and transprt. And while plastic bags may be ugly t lk at, they represent a small percentage f all garbage n the grund tday
The industry has als taken aim at the prduct that has appeared as its replacement: reusable shpping bags. The strnger a reusable bag is, the lnger its life and the mre plastic-bag use it cancels ut. Hwever, lnger-lasting reusable bags ften require mre energy t make. One study fund that a cttn bag must be used at least 131 times t be better fr the planet than plastic.
Envirnmentalists dn't dispute（质疑） these pints. They hpe paper bags will be banned smeday t and want shppers t use the same reusable bags fr years.
24. What has Steven Stein been hired t d?
A. Help increase grcery sales.
B. Recycle the waste material.
C. Stp things falling ff trucks.
D. Argue fr the use f plastic bags.
25. What des the wrd “headwinds”in paragraph 2 refer t?
A. Bans n plastic bags.
B. Effects f city develpment.
C. Headaches caused by garbage.
D. Plastic bags hung in trees.
26. What is a disadvantage f reusable bags accrding t plastic-bag makers?
A. They are quite expensive.
B. Replacing them can be difficult.
C. They are less strng than plastic bags.
D. Prducing them requires mre energy.
27. What is the best title fr the text?
A. Plastic, Paper r Neither
B. Industry, Pllutin and Envirnment
C. Recycle r Thrw Away
D. Garbage Cllectin and Waste Cntrl
【答案】24. D 25. A 26. D 27. A
【解析】文章分析了几种购物袋的使用情况，塑料袋造成了环境问题，尽管纸袋容易回收，但生产和运输需要更多的能源，希望消费者使用耐用可重复使用的袋子。
25. 词义猜测题。上文介绍在许多美国大城市塑料袋被禁用，看到这种现状，塑料袋生产商雇用Steven Stein等科学家是为了证明他们的产品并不像大多数人想象的那样对地球有害。headwinds“逆风”，此处指塑料袋被禁用的现状，即Bans n plastic bags，故选A。
26. 细节理解题。根据第四段Hwever, lnger-lasting reusable bags ften require mre energy t make.可知塑料袋生产商认为生产耐用且能重复使用的袋子需要更多的能量，故选D。
27. 标题归纳题。文章讲述了使用塑料袋造成的环境问题，纸袋容易回收，但生产和运输需要更多的能源，希望消费者使用耐用可重复使用的袋子。对这三种方式进行了对比，Plastic, Paper r Neither既能概括全文，又能吸引读者，最适合作为标题。故选A。
C
As cultural symbls g, the American car is quite yung. The Mdel T Frd was built at the Piquette Plant in Michigan a century ag, with the first rlling ff the assembly line（装配线） n September 27, 1908. Only eleven cars were prduced the next mnth. But eventually Henry Frd wuld build fifteen millin f them.
Mdern America was brn n the rad, behind a wheel. The car shaped sme f the mst lasting aspects f American culture: the radside diner, the billbard, the mtel, even the hamburger. Fr mst f the last century, the car represented what it meant t be American—ging frward at high speed t find new wrlds. The rad nvel, the rad mvie, these are the mst typical American ideas, brn f abundant petrl, cheap cars and a never-ending interstate highway system, the largest public wrks prject in histry.
In 1928 Herbert Hver imagined an America with “a chicken in every pt and a car in every garage.” Since then, this sciety has mved nward, never lking back, as the car transfrmed America frm a farm-based sciety int an industrial
The cars that drve the American Dream have helped t create a glbal eclgical disaster. In America the demand fr il has grwn by 22 percent since 1990.
The prblems f excessive（过度的）energy cnsumptin, climate change and ppulatin grwth have been described in a bk by the American writer Thmas L. Friedman. He fears the wrst, but hpes fr the best.
Friedman pints ut that the green ecnmy（经济）is a chance t keep American strength. “The ability t design, build and exprt green technlgies fr prducing clean water, clean air and healthy and abundant fd is ging t be the currency f pwer in the new century.”
28. Why is hamburger mentined in paragraph 2?
A. T explain Americans’ lve fr travelling by car.
B. T shw the influence f cars n American culture.
C. T stress the ppularity f fast fd with Americans.
D. T praise the effectiveness f America’s rad system.
29. What has the use f cars in America led t?
A. Decline f ecnmy. B. Envirnmental prblems.
C. A shrtage f il supply. D. A farm-based sciety.
30. What is Friedman’s attitude twards America’s future?
A. Ambiguus. B. Dubtful. C. Hpeful. D. Tlera
【答案】28. B 29. B 30. C
【解析】文章讲述了汽车在美国经济和文化上的重要作用，也指出了汽车带来的环境问题。
29. 细节理解题。根据第四段The cars that drve the American Dream have helped t create a glbal eclgical disaster.可知，美国汽车的迅速发展，导致全球生态灾难，也就是造成环境问题。故选B。
30. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的He fears the wrst, but hpes fr the best. 和最后一段中的Friedman pints ut that the green ecnmy（经济）is a chance t keep American strength.可见Friedman虽然对未来担心，但抱有最好的希望，他指出了发展绿色积极的想法。可见Friedman对未来是充满希望的，故选C。
【2018·天津卷】阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Fire Preventin Infrmatin
The University f Adelaide emplys a full-time staff f fire preventin prfessinals. They inspect all campus buildings and test and maintain all sprinkler(喷水灭火装置）systems fire alarms and fire extinguishers (灭火器). They als prvide educatinal prgrams r fire safety in the residence hall. Whenever yu mve t a new area, yu shuld lcate the fire alarm pull statins and the tw exits nearest yur rm.
Fire Alarms
The flrs f all campus buildings are equipped with manual(手动的）fire alarm systems which include fire alarm pull statins and pipes. Mst are als equipped with autmatic fire alarm systems cnsisting f heat detectrs, smke detectrs and sprinklers. Fr yur safety, never tamper with(胡乱摆弄）these systems. False fire alarms are illegal and may lead t imprisnment.
Fire Drills
A fire drill will be cnducted in yur residence hall every semester. During a fire drill, please d the fllwing:
·Take yur rm key and ID, clse and lck the dr t yur rm.
·Exit immediately frm the nearest emergency exit d nt use a lift.
·Meet utside f yur residence hall and wait fr further instructins.
Fire Extinguishers
Fire extinguishers are lcated n each flr and in each apartment. Use a fire extinguisher nly if yu have been trained t d s. Irrespnsible use f a fire extinguisher can create a dangerus situatin fr ther residents and culd result in damage t persnal prperty.
Misuse f a fire extinguisher will result in fines.
Smke Detectr
A smke detectr is n the ceiling in yur rm. Sme buildings als have heat detectrs n the ceilings. D the fllwing t ensure the safe peratin f yur smke detectr:
·If yur smke detectr is wrking prperly, the red light shuld be n. If the red light is nt blinking（闪动），cntact residence hall staff immediately.
·D nt cver r blck yur smke detectr in any way.
·If a smke detectr sets ff an alarm and there is n fire r smke, infrm yur hall staff.
36. What is the main duty f the fire preventin prfessinals?
A. T prvide part-time jbs fr students.
B. T lead the students t the nearest exits.
C. T check and maintain fire preventin equipment.
D. T train teachers t be fire preventin prfessinals.
37. What d the autmatic fire alarm systems include?
A. Pipes and smke detectrs.
B. Smke detectrs and sprinklers.
C. Fire alarm pull statins and pipes.
D. Sprinklers and fire alarm pull statins
38. In a fire drill, the students shuld ________.
A. rush quickly t a lift
B. gather at the nearest exit.
C. shut the dr and leave at nce
D. wait fr instructins in the hall
39. What d we knw abut the use f fire extinguishers?
A. Using them wrngly results in punishment.
B. Irrespnsible use f them can damage them.
C. Imprper use f them can destry the apartment.
D. Using them withut a trainer present is frbidden.
40. T ensure the safe peratin f the smke detectr, ne shuld_________.
A. cntact the hall staff regularly
B. cver the things that burn easily
C. start the smke detectr in a fire
D. make certain the red light is wrking
【答案】36. C 37. B 38. C 39. A 40. D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要从火警、消防训练、灭火器和烟雾探测器的使用等方面介绍了一些防火信息。
36. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段They inspect all campus buildings and test and maintain all sprinkler(喷水灭火装置）systems fire alarms and fire extinguishers (灭火器).可知，专职消防人员主要职责是检查、测试和维护所有的校园建筑物防火装备。故选C。
37. 细节理解题。根据文章Fire Alarms中的句子Mst are als equipped with autmatic fire alarm systems cnsisting heat detectrs, smke detectrs and sprinklers.可知，火灾自动报警系统由热探测器、烟雾探测器和喷头组成。故选B。
38. 细节理解题。根据文章Fire Drills中的句子Take yur rm key and ID, clse and lck the dr t yur rm.和Exit immediately frm the nearest emergency exit d nt use a lift.可知，在消防演习中，学生锁好门并立即从最近的紧急出口离开。故选C。
39. 细节理解题。根据文章Fire Extinguishers中的句子Misuse f a fire extinguisher will result in fines.可知，误用灭火器会导致罚款。故选A。
B
When I was 17, I read a magazine article abut a museum called the McNay, nce the hme f a waterclrist named Marian McNay. She had requested the cmmunity t turn it int a museum upn her death. On a sunny Saturday, Sally and I drve ver t the museum. She asked, "D yu have the address? ""N, but I'll recgnize it, there was a picture in the magazine. "
"Oh, stp. There it is!”
The museum was free. We entered, excited. A grup f peple sitting in the hall stpped talking and stared at us.
"May I help yu?" a man asked. "N, "I said. "We're fine.” Tur guides gt n my nerves. What if they talked a lng time abut a painting yu weren't that interested in? Sally had gne upstairs. The peple in the hall seemed very nsy(爱窥探的), keeping their eyes n me with curisity. What was their prblem? I saw sme nice sculptures in ne rm. Suddenly I sensed a man standing behind me. "Where d yu think yu are? " he asked. I turned sharply. "The McNay Art Museum!" He smiled, shaking his head. "Srry, the McNay is n New Braunfels Street." "What’s this place?” I asked, still cnfused. "Well, it's ur hme." My heart jlted(震颤). I raced t the staircase and called ut, "Sally! Cme dwn immediately! "
"There's sme really gd stuff(艺术作品) up there." She stepped dwn, lking cnfused. I pushed her tward the frnt dr, waving at the family, saying, "Srry, please frgive us, yu have a really nice place." Outside, when I tld Sally what happened, she cvered her muth, laughing. She culdn't believe hw lng they let us lk arund withut saying anything.
The real McNay was splendid, but we felt nervus the whle time we were there. Van Ggh, Picass. This time, we stayed tgether, in case anything else unusual happened.
Thirty years later, a wman apprached me in a public place. "Excuse me, did yu ever enter a residence, lng ag, thinking it was the McNay Museum?"
"Yes. But hw d yu knw? We never tld anyne."
"That was my hme. I was a teenager sitting in the hall. Befre yu came ver, I never realized what a beautiful place I lived in. I never felt lucky befre. Yu thught it was a museum. My feelings abut my hme changed after that. I've always wanted t thank yu."
41. What d we knw abut Marian McNay?
A. She was a painter.
B. She was a cmmunity leader.
C. She was a museum directr.
D. She was a jurnalist.
42. Why did the authr refuse the help frm the man in the huse?
A. She disliked peple wh were nsy.
B. She felt nervus when talking t strangers.
C. She knew mre abut art than the man.
D. She mistk him fr a tur guide.
43. Hw did the authr feel abut being stared at by the peple in the hall?
A. Puzzled. B. Cncerned.
C. Frightened. D. Delighted.
44. Why did the authr describe the real McNay museum in just a few wrds?
A. The real museum lacked enugh artwrk t interest her.
B. She was t upset t spend much time at the real museum.
C. The McNay was disappinting cmpared with the huse.
D. The event happening in the huse was mre significant.
45. What culd we learn frm the last paragraph?
A. Peple shuld have gd taste t enjy life.
B. Peple shuld spend mre time with their family.
C. Peple tend t be blind t the beauty arund them.
D. Peple tend t educate teenagers at a museum.
【答案】41. A 42. D 43. A 44. D 45. C
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章作者和朋友原想参观McNay博物馆，到了之后参观的时候，发现很多人奇怪的看着她，最后才发现自己误将一个私人住宅当成McNay博物馆。30年后，一位女士认出误撞入自己住宅的作者，指出正是因为作者的误撞入才让她意识到自己住的地方有多么美丽。
41. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段When I was 17, I read a magazine article abut a museum called the McNay, nce the hme f a waterclrist named Marian McNay.可知，Marian McNay是一名水彩画家。故选A。
42. 细节理解题。根据文章第四段"May I help yu?" a man asked. "N, "I said. "We're fine.” Tur guides gt n my nerves.可知，导游令作者心烦，作者误认为屋子里的男人是位导游。故选D。
43. 推理判断题。根据文章第四段The peple in the hall seemed very nsy(爱窥探的), keeping their eyes n me with curisity. What was their prblem?（大厅的人看起来都非常爱窥探的，眼睛不停的好奇的看着我。他们有什么问题？）可以推断出，作者当时感到困惑不解。故选A。
44. 推理判断题。根据全文可知，作者着墨点主要在叙述参观误当成McNay博物馆的私人住宅上，故这才是文章的重心，所以将真正的McNay博物馆叙述一带而过。故选D。
45. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段Befre yu came ver, I never realized what a beautiful place I lived in.可知，在作者未造访她家之前，这位女士从未意识到自己住的地方多么美丽，从而可以推断出，人们往往对周围的美而不见。故选C。
C
There’s a new frntier in 3D printing that’s beginning t cme int fcus: fd. Recent develpment has made pssible machines that print, ck, and serve fds n a mass scale. And the industry isn’t stpping there.
Fd prductin
With a 3D printer, a ck can print cmplicated chclate sculptures and beautiful pieces fr decratin n a wedding cake. Nt everybdy can d that — it takes years f experience, but a printer makes it easy. A restaurant in Spain uses a Fdini t “re-create frms and pieces” f fd that are “exactly the same,” freeing cks t cmplete ther tasks. In anther restaurant, all f the dishes and desserts it serves are 3D-printed,rather than farm t table.
Sustainability(可持续性）
The glbal ppulatin is expected t grw t 9.6 billin by 2050, and sme analysts estimate that fd prductin will need t be raised by 50 percent t maintain current levels. Sustainability is becming a necessity. 3D fd printing culd prbably cntribute t the slutin. Sme experts believe printers culd use hydrcllids (水解胶体) frm plentiful renewables like algae(藻类) and grass t replace the familiar ingredients(烹饪原料). 3D printing can reduce fuel use and emissins. Grcery stres f the future might stck "fd" that lasts years n end, freeing up shelf space and reducing transprtatin and strage requirements.
Nutritin
Future 3D fd printers culd make prcessed fd healthier. Hd Lipsn, a prfessr at Clumbia University, said, “Fd printing culd allw cnsumers t print fd with custmized nutritinal cntent, like vitamins. S instead f eating a piece f yesterday’s bread frm the supermarket, yu’d eat smething baked just fr yu n demand.”
Challenges
Despite recent advancements in 3D fd printing, the industry has many challenges t vercme. Currently, mst ingredients must be changed t a paste(糊状物) befre a printer can use them, and the printing prcess is quite time-cnsuming, because ingredients interact with each ther in very cmplex ways. On tp f that, mst f the 3D fd printers nw are restricted t dry ingredients, because meat and milk prducts may easily g bad. Sme experts are skeptical abut 3D fd printers, believing they are better suited fr fast fd restaurants than hmes and high-end restaurants.
46. What benefit des 3D printing bring t fd prductin?
A. It helps cks t create new dishes.
B. It saves time and effrt in cking.
C. It imprves the cking cnditins.
D. It cntributes t restaurant decratins.
47. What can we learn abut 3D fd printing frm Paragraphs 3?
A. It slves fd shrtages easily.
B. It quickens the transprtatin f fd.
C. It needs n space fr the strage f fd.
D. It uses renewable materials as surces f fd.
48. Accrding t Paragraph 4, 3D-printed fd ________.
A. is mre available t cnsumers
B. can meet individual nutritinal needs
C. is mre tasty than fd in supermarkets
D. can keep all the nutritin in raw materials
49. What is the main factr that prevents 3D fd printing frm spreading widely?
A. The printing prcess is cmplicated.
B. 3D fd printers are t expensive.
C. Fd materials have t be dry.
D. Sme experts dubt 3D fd printing.
50. What culd be the best title f the passage?
A. 3D Fd Printing: Delicius New Technlgy
B. A New Way t Imprve 3D Fd Printing
C. The Challenges fr 3D Fd Prductin
D. 3D Fd Printing: Frm Farm t Table
【答案】46. B 47. D 48. B 49. C 50. A
【解析】本文是一篇科普类短文阅读。文章主要介绍了3D打印技术在食物上的应用取得了进展，但目前仍面临着许多方面的挑战。
47. 细节理解题。根据文章第三段Sme experts believe printers culd use hydrcllids (水解胶体) frm plentiful renewables like algae(藻类) and grass t replace the familiar ingredients(烹饪原料).可知，3D打印机可以使用可再生材料作为食物来源。故选D。
48. 推理判断题。根据文章第四段Fd printing culd allw cnsumers t print fd with custmized nutritinal cntent, like vitamins.（食品打印可以让消费者打印定制营养的食物），从而可以推断出3D打印出来的食物可以满足个人营养需求。故选B。
49. 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段mst f the 3D fd printers nw are restricted t dry ingredients, because meat and milk prducts may easily g bad.可知，阻止3D打印食物进一步广泛使用的原因是原料必须是干的，含水多的肉和牛奶不能应用于3D打印因为很容易坏。故选C。
50. 主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了3D打印技术在食物上的应用取得了进展，但目前仍面临着许多方面的挑战。所以用标题3D Fd Printing: Delicius New Technlgy，故选A。

D
Give yurself a test. Which way is the wind blwing? Hw many kinds f wildflwers can be seen frm yur frnt dr? If yur awareness is as sharp as it culd be, yu’ll have n truble answering these questins.
Mst f us bserved much mre as children than we d as adults. A child’s day is filled with fascinatin, newness and wnder. Curisity gave us all a natural awareness. But distinctins that were sharp t us as children becme unclear; we are numb(麻木的）t new stimulatin(刺激), new ideas. Relearning the art f seeing the wrld arund us is quite simple, althugh it takes practice and requires breaking sme bad habits.
The first step in awakening senses is t stp predicting what we are ging t see and feel befre it ccurs. This blcks awareness. One chilly night when I was hiking in the Rcky Muntains with sme students, I mentined that we were ging t crss a muntain stream. The students began cmplaining abut hw cld it wuld be. We reached the stream, and they unwillingly walked ahead. They were almst knee-deep when they realized it was a ht spring. Later they all admitted they’d felt cld water at first.
Anther blck t awareness is the bsessin(痴迷) many f us have with naming things. I saw bird watchers wh sptted a bird, immediately lked it up in field guides, and said, a "ruby-crwned kinglet" and checked it ff. They n lnger paid attentin t the bird and never learned what it was ding.
The pressures f "time" and "destinatin" are further blcks t awareness. I encuntered many hikers wh were headed t a distant camp-grund with just enugh time t get there befre dark. It seldm ccurred t them t wander a bit, t take a mment t see what’s arund them. I asked them what they’d seen. "Oh, a few birds," they said. They seemed bent n their destinatins.
Nature seems t unfld t peple wh watch and wait. Next time yu take a walk, n matter where it is, take in all the sights, sunds and sensatins. Wander in this frame f mind and yu will pen a new dimensin t yur
51. Accrding t Paragraph 2, cmpared with adults, children are mre ____________.
A. anxius t d wnders
B. sensitive t thers’ feelings
C. likely t develp unpleasant habits
D. eager t explre the wrld arund them
52. What idea des the authr cnvey in Paragraph 3?
A. T avid jumping t cnclusins.
B. T stp cmplaining all the time.
C. T fllw the teacher’s advice.
D. T admit mistakes hnestly.
53. The bird watchers’ behavir shws that they __________.
A. are very patient in their bservatin
B. are really fascinated by nature
C. care nly abut the names f birds
D. questin the accuracy f the field guides
54. Why d the hikers take n ntice f the surrundings during the jurney?
A. The natural beauty isn’t attractive t them.
B. They fcus n arriving at the camp in time.
C. The frest in the dark is dangerus fr them.
D. They are keen t see rare birds at the destinatin.
55. In the passage, the authr intends t tell us we shuld __________.
A. fill ur senses t feel the wnders f the wrld
B. get rid f sme bad habits in ur daily life
C. pen ur mind t new things and ideas
D. try ur best t prtect nature
【答案】51. D 52. A 53. C 54. B 55. A
【解析】本文是一篇散文。我们有多久没有仔细观察我们周围的世界了。作者通过此文要告诉我们：放慢脚步，带着我们所有的感官来感受周围世界的奇妙。
51. 推理判断题。根据文章第二段Mst f us bserved much mre as children than we d as adults.可知，与成人相比较，孩子观察得更多，从而可以推断出孩子更急于探索他们周围的世界。故选D。
52. 推理判断题。根据文章第三段作者叙述在一个寒冷的夜晚，作者和学生徒步旅行穿过一条小溪的时候，学生们抱怨水太冷而不愿往前走，结果事实上那是一个温泉。作者举这样一个事例是为了向读者传递这样的观念：避免过早下结论。故选A。
53. 细节理解题。根据文章第四段全段及首句Anther blck t awareness is the bsessin(痴迷) many f us have with naming things.可知，鸟观察者发现鸟后只关心鸟的名字，并不关心它在做什么。故选C。
54. 细节理解题。根据文章第五段I encuntered many hikers wh were headed t a distant camp-grund with just enugh time t get there befre dark. It seldm ccurred t them t wander a bit, t take a mment t see what’s arund them.可知，徒步旅行者只关心能够及时到达目的地，而很少关心周围的事物。故选B。
55. 推理判断题。文章作者想要通过此文要告诉我们：大自然只展现给那些善于观察和等待的人，带着我们所有的感官来感受周围世界的奇妙。

【2018·北京卷】阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
My First Marathn（马拉松）
A mnth befre my first marathn, ne f my ankles was injured and this meant nt running fr tw weeks, leaving me nly tw weeks t train. Yet, I was determined t g ahead.
I remember back t my 7th year in schl. In my first P.E. class, the teacher required us t run laps and then hit a sftball. I didn’t d either well. He later infrmed me that I was ＂nt athletic＂.
The idea that I was ＂nt athletic＂ stuck with me fr years. When I started running in my 30s, I realized running was a battle against myself, nt abut cmpetitin r whether r nt I was athletic. It was all abut the battle against my wn bdy and mind. A test f wills!
The night befre my marathn, I dreamt that I culdn’t even find the finish line. I wke up sweating and nervus, but ready t prve smething t myself.
Shrtly after crssing the start line, my she laces(鞋带) became untied. S I stpped t readjust. Nt the start I wanted!
At mile 3, I passed a sign: ＂GO FOR IT, RUNNERS!＂
By mile 17, I became ut f breath and the nce injured ankle hurt badly. Despite the pain, I stayed the curse walking a bit and then running again.
By mile 21, I was starving!
As I apprached mile 23, I culd see my wife waving a sign. She is my biggest fan. She never minded the alarm clck sunding at 4 a.m. r questined my expenses n running.
I was ne f the final runners t finish. But I finished! And I gt a medal. In fact, I gt the same medal as the ne that the guy wh came in first place had.
Determined t be myself, mve frward, free f shame and wrldly labels(世俗标签), I can nw call myself a ＂marathn winner＂.
36. A mnth befre the marathn, the authr ____________.
A. was well trainedB. felt scared
C. made up his mind t runD. lst hpe
37. Why did the authr mentin the P.E. class in his 7th year?
A. T acknwledge the supprt f his teacher.
B. T amuse the readers with a funny stry.
C. T shw he was nt talented in sprts.
D. T share a precius memry.
38. Hw was the authr’s first marathn?
A. He made it.B. He quit halfway.
C. He gt the first prize.D. He walked t the end.
39. What des the stry mainly tell us?
A. A man wes his success t his family supprt.
B. A winner is ne with a great effrt f will.
C. Failure is the mther f success.
D. One is never t ld t learn.
【答案】36. C 37. C 38. A 39. B
【解析】本文为一篇记叙文。讲述了自己第一次跑马拉松，凭借自己的意志力成功跑完全程的励志故事。
38. 细节理解题。根据文章第10段I was ne f the final runners t finish. But I finished! And I gt a medal. In fact, I gt the same medal as the ne that the guy wh came in first place had.可知，作者坚持到了最后，而且得到了一块奖牌，虽然不是第一名，由此可见他成功地跑完了马拉松。故选A。
39. 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，作者在讲述自己跑马拉松的经历，再根据最后一段Determined t be myself, mve frward, free f shame and wrldly labels(世俗标签), I can nw call myself a ＂marathn winner＂.可知，作者成功跑完马拉松源于自己的意志。故选B。
B
Find Yur Adventure at the Space and Aviatin(航空) Center
If yu’re lking fr a unique adventure, the Space and Aviatin Center (SAC) is the place t be. The Center ffers prgrams designed t challenge and inspire with hands-n tasks and lts f fun.
Mre than 750,000 have graduated frm SAC, with many seeking emplyment in engineering, aviatin, educatin, medicine and a wide variety f ther prfessins. They cme t camp, wanting t knw what it is like t be an astrnaut r a pilt, and they leave with real-wrld applicatins fr what they’re studying in the classrm.
Fr the trainees, the prgrams als ffer a great way t earn merit badges(荣誉徽章). At Space Camp, trainees can earn their Space Explratin badge as they build and fire mdel rckets, learn abut space tasks and try simulated(模拟) flying t space with the crew frm all ver the wrld. The Aviatin Challenge prgram gives trainees the chance t earn their Aviatin badge. They learn the principles f flight and test their perating skills in the cckpit(驾驶舱) f a variety f flight simulatrs. Trainees als get a gd start n their Wilderness Survival badge as they learn abut water- and land-survival thrugh designed tasks and their search and rescue f ＂dwned＂ pilt.
With all the prgrams, teamwrk is key as trainees learn the imprtance f leadership and being part f a bigger task.
All this fun is available fr ages 9 t 18. Families can enjy the experience tgether, t, with Family Camp prgrams fr families with children as yung as 7.
Stay an hur r stay a week — there is smething here fr everyne!
Fr mre details, please visit us nline at
40. Why d peple cme t SAC?
A. T experience adventures.
B. T lk fr jbs in aviatin.
C. T get a degree in engineering.
D. T learn mre abut medicine.
41. T earn a Space Explratin badge, a trainee needs t .
A. fly t space
B. get an Aviatin badge first
C. study the principles f flight
D. build and fire mdel rckets
42. What is the mst imprtant fr trainees?
A. Leadership.B. Team spirit.
C. Task planning.D. Survival skills.
【答案】40. A 41. D 42. B
【解析】本文为说明文。文章主要介绍了宇航中心培训项目的相关信息，包括训练内容、受训者参加的条件和益处等。
40. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段第一句If yu’re lking fr a unique adventure, the Space and Aviatin Center (SAC) is the place t be.可知，人们来SAC是为了寻找与众不同的冒险体验，故选A。
41. 细节理解题。根据文章第三段At Space Camp, trainees can earn their Space Explratin badge as they build and fire mdel rckets, learn abut space tasks and try simulated(模拟) flying t space with the crew frm all ver the wrld.可知，要想获得太空探险徽章需要建造和发射火箭模型，学习空间任务，尝试与飞行员模拟太空飞行等，故选D。
42. 细节理解题。根据文章第四段With all the prgrams, teamwrk is key as trainees learn the imprtance f leadership and being part f a bigger task.可知，对于受训者来说，团队合作是关键，故团队精神是最重要的，故选B。
C
Plastic-Eating Wrms
Humans prduce mre than 300 millin tns f plastic every year. Almst half f that winds up in landfills(垃圾填埋场), and up t 12 millin tns pllute the ceans. S far there is n effective way t get rid f it, but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stmachs f sme hungry wrms.
Researchers in Spain and England recently fund that the wrms f the greater wax mth can break dwn plyethylene, which accunts fr 40% f plastics. The team left 100 wax wrms n a cmmercial plyethylene shpping bag fr 12 hurs, and the wrms cnsumed and brke dwn abut 92 milligrams, r almst 3% f it. T cnfirm that the wrms’ chewing alne was nt respnsible fr the plyethylene breakdwn, the researchers made sme wrms int paste(糊状物) and applied it t plastic films. 14 hurs later the films had lst 13% f their mass — apparently brken dwn by enzymes (酶) frm the wrms’ stmachs. Their findings were published in Current Bilgy in 2017.
Federica Bertcchini, c-authr f the study, says the wrms’ ability t break dwn their everyday fd — beeswax — als allws them t break dwn plastic. ＂Wax is a cmplex mixture, but the basic bnd in plyethylene, the carbn-carbn bnd, is there as well, ＂she explains, ＂The wax wrm evlved a methd r system t break this bnd. ＂
Jennifer DeBruyn, a micrbilgist at the University f Tennessee, wh was nt invlved in the study, says it is nt surprising that such wrms can break dwn plyethylene. But cmpared with previus studies, she finds the speed f breaking dwn in this ne exciting. The next step, DeBruyn says, will be t identify the cause f the breakdwn. Is it an enzyme prduced by the wrm itself r by its gut micrbes(肠道微生物)?
Bertcchini agrees and hpes her team’s findings might ne day help emply the enzyme t break dwn plastics in landfills. But she expects using the chemical in sme kind f industrial prcess — nt simply ＂millins f wrms thrwn n tp f the plastic.＂
43. What can we learn abut the wrms in the study?
A. They take plastics as their everyday fd.
B. They are newly evlved creatures.
C. They can cnsume plastics.
D. They wind up in landfills.
44. Accrding t Jennifer DeBruyn, the next step f the study is t .
A. identify ther means f the breakdwn
B. find ut the surce f the enzyme
C. cnfirm the research findings
D. increase the breakdwn speed
45. It can be inferred frm the last paragraph that the chemical might .
A. help t raise wrms
B. help make plastic bags
C. be used t clean the ceans
D. be prduced in factries in future
46. What is the main purpse f the passage?
A. T explain a study methd n wrms.
B. T intrduce the diet f a special wrm.
C. T present a way t break dwn plastics.
D. T prpse new means t keep ec-balance.
【答案】43. C 44. B 45. D 46. C
【解析】本文为说明文。文章介绍了一种吃塑料的虫子大蜡螟，它胃中的酶能够降解塑料，这为解决塑料污染提供了新的途径。
44. 细节理解题。根据文章第四段The next step, DeBruyn says, will be t identify the cause f the breakdwn. Is it an enzyme prduced by the wrm itself r by its gut micrbes(肠道微生物)?可知，下一步研究是辨清分解的原因，查明这种酶来源于哪里，是虫子自己产生的还是它肠道里的微生物产生的。故选B。
45. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段But she expects using the chemical in sme kind f industrial prcess — nt simply ＂millins f wrms thrwn n tp f the plastic.＂可以推断出，Bertcchini希望这种化学物质将来能在工业生产中使用，而不是仅仅依靠蠕虫来分解塑料。故选D。
46. 写作意图题。根据文章第一段最后一句S far there is n effective way t get rid f it, but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stmachs f sme hungry wrms.可知，有一种新的方法被用于分解塑料。再根据最后一段最后一句But she expects using the chemical in sme kind f industrial prcess — nt simply ＂millins f wrms thrwn n tp f the plastic.＂可知，Bertcchini希望将这种方法推广到工业中。由此可以推知写作意图为介绍一种分解塑料的方法。故选C。
D
Preparing Cities fr Rbt Cars
The pssibility f self-driving rbt cars has ften seemed like a futurist’s dream, years away frm materializing in the real wrld. Well, the future is apparently nw. The Califrnia Department f Mtr Vehicles began giving permits in April fr cmpanies t test truly self-driving cars n public rads. The state als cleared the way fr cmpanies t sell r rent ut self-driving cars, and fr cmpanies t perate driverless taxi services. Califrnia, it shuld be nted, isn’t leading the way here. Cmpanies have been testing their vehicles in cities acrss the cuntry. It’s hard t predict when driverless cars will be everywhere n ur rads. But hwever lng it takes, the technlgy has the ptential t change ur transprtatin systems and ur cities, fr better r fr wrse, depending n hw the transfrmatin is regulated.
While much f the debate s far has been fcused n the safety f driverless cars(and rightfully s), plicymakers als shuld be talking abut hw self-driving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams, cut emissins(排放) and ffer mre cnvenient, affrdable mbility ptins. The arrival f driverless vehicles is a chance t make sure that thse vehicles are envirnmentally friendly and mre shared.
D we want t cpy — r even wrsen — the traffic f tday with driverless cars? Imagine a future where mst adults wn individual self-driving vehicles. They tlerate lng, slw jurneys t and frm wrk n packed highways because they can wrk, entertain themselves r sleep n the ride, which encurages urban spread. They take their driverless car t an appintment and set the empty vehicle t circle the building t avid paying fr parking. Instead f walking a few blcks t pick up a child r the dry cleaning, they send the self-driving minibus. The cnvenience even leads fewer peple t take public transprt — an unwelcme side effect researchers have already fund in ride-hailing(叫车) services.
A study frm the University f Califrnia at Davis suggested that replacing petrl-pwered private cars wrldwide with electric, self-driving and shared systems culd reduce carbn emissins frm transprtatin 80% and cut the cst f transprtatin infrastructure(基础设施) and peratins 40% by 2050. Fewer emissins and cheaper travel sund pretty appealing. The first cmmercially available driverless cars will almst certainly be fielded by ride-hailing services, cnsidering the cst f self-driving technlgy as well as liability and maintenance issues(责任与维护问题). But driverless car wnership culd increase as the prices drp and mre peple becme cmfrtable with the technlgy.
Plicymakers shuld start thinking nw abut hw t make sure the appearance f driverless vehicles desn’t extend the wrst aspects f the car-cntrlled transprtatin system we have tday. The cming technlgical advancement presents a chance fr cities and states t develp transprtatin systems designed t mve mre peple, and mre affrdably. The car f the future is cming. We just have t plan fr it.
47. Accrding t the authr, attentin shuld be paid t hw driverless cars can __________.
A. help deal with transprtatin-related prblems
B. prvide better services t custmers
C. cause damage t ur envirnment
D. make sme peple lse jbs
48. As fr driverless cars, what is the authr’s majr cncern?
A. Safety.B. Side effects.
C. Affrdability.D. Management.
49. What des the underlined wrd ＂fielded＂ in Paragraph 4 prbably mean?
A. Emplyed.B. Replaced.
C. Shared.D. Reduced.
50. What is the authr’s attitude t the future f self-driving cars?
A. Dubtful.B. Psitive.
C. Disapprving.D. Sympathetic.
【答案】47. A 48. D 49. A 50. B
【解析】本文为议论文。文章主要讨论有关无人驾驶汽车的发展前景和面临的问题。
47. 推理判断题。根据第二段While much f the debate s far has been fcused n the safety f driverless cars(and rightfully s), plicymakers als shuld be talking abut hw self-driving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams, cut emissins(排放) and ffer mre cnvenient, affrdable mbility ptins.可知，政策制定者应该讨论无人驾驶车怎么帮助削减交通阻塞，减少尾气排放，提供更方便、更便宜的出行选择，由此可见人们应该多关注无人驾驶车怎么帮助处理与交通有关的问题。故选A。
48. 推理判断题。根据文章第一段But hwever lng it takes, the technlgy has the ptential t change ur transprtatin systems and ur cities, fr better r fr wrse, depending n hw the transfrmatin is regulated.可知，不管花多长时间，这项技术都有可能改变我们的交通系统和我们的城市，不管是好是坏，这取决于如何这种转变如何被规范，再根据文章最后一句话The car f the future is cming. We just have t plan fr it.可知，我们需要为其做好计划，故作者的主要关注点是对这种转变的管理规范，故选D。
49. 词义猜测题。根据第四段The first cmmercially available driverless cars will almst certainly be fielded by ride-hailing services, cnsidering the cst f self-driving technlgy as well as liability and maintenance issues(责任与维护问题).可知，鉴于自主驾驶的费用以及责任和维护问题，无人驾驶车几乎可以肯定将会被打车服务使用。故划线词是“被应用”的意思。A. Emplyed被应用；B. Replaced被取代；C. Shared被分享；D. Reduced被减少。故选A。
50. 观点态度题。根据文章最后一段The cming technlgical advancement presents a chance fr cities and states t develp transprtatin systems designed t mve mre peple, and mre affrdably. The car f the future is cming. We just have t plan fr it.中的 advancement，mve mre peple, and mre affrdably.以及plan fr it可推知，作者是积极的态度。故选B。
【2018·江苏】请认真阅读下列短文, 从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并
在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
The Metrplitan Museum f Art
1000 Fifth Avenue New Yrk, NY 10028
211-535-7710
Entrances
Fifth Avenue at 82nd Street
Hurs
Open 7 days a week.
Sunday-Thursday 10:00-17:30
Friday and Saturday 10:00-21:00
Clsed Thanksgiving Day, December 25,January 1,and the first Mnday in May.
Admissin
$25.00 recmmended fr adults, $12.00 recmmended fr students, includes the Main Building and The Clisters(回廊）n the same day; free fr children under 12 with an adult.
Free with Admissin
All special exhibitins, as well as films, lectures, guided turs, cncerts, gallery talks, and
family/children's prgrams are free with admissin.
Ask abut tday's activities at the Great Hall Infrmatin Desk.
The Clisters Museum and Gardens
The Clisters museum and gardens is a branch f The Metrplitan Museum f Art devted t the art and architecture f Eurpe in the Middle Ages. The extensive
cllectin cnsists f masterwrks in sculpture, clred glass, and precius bjects frm Eurpe dating frm abut the 9th t the 15th century.
Hurs: Open 7 days a week.
March-Octber 10:00-17:15
Nvember-February 10:00-16:45
Clsed Thanksgiving Day, December 25,and January 1.
56. Hw much may they pay if an 11-year-ld girl and her wrking parents visit the museum?
A. $12.B. $37.C. $ 50.D. $ 62
57. The attractin f the Clisters museum and gardens lies in the fact that ________.
A.it pens all the year rund
B. its cllectins date frm the Middle Ages
C.it has a mdern Eurpean-style garden
D.it sells excellent Eurpean glass cllectins
【文章大意】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了英国艺术博物馆和修道院博物馆的参观指南，包括参观时间、价格、特点等。
57.B 细节理解题。根据The Clisters Museum and Gardens部分第一句“The Clisters museum and gardens is a branch f The Metrplitan Museum f Art devted t the art and architecture f Eurpe in the Middle Ages.”可知，修道院博物馆和花园的收藏品来自中世纪欧洲，故选B项。
B
In the 1760s, Mathurin Rze pened a series f shps that basted(享有）a special meat sup called cnsmme. Althugh the main attractin was the sup, Rze's chain shps als set a new standard fr dining ut, which helped t establish Rze as the inventr f the mdern restaurant.
Tday, schlars have generated large amunts f instructive research abut restaurants. Take
visual hints that influence what we eat: diners served themselves abut 20 percent mre pasta(意大利面食）when their plates matched their fd. When a dark-clred cake was served n a black plate rather than a white ne, custmers recgnized it as sweeter and mre tasty.
Lighting matters, t. When Berlin restaurant custmers ate in darkness, they culdn't tell hw much they'd had: thse given extra-large shares ate mre than everyne else, but were nne the wiser—they didn’t feel fuller, and they were just as ready fr dessert.
Time is mney, but that principle means different things fr different types f restaurants. Unlike fast-fd places. fine dining shps prefer custmers t stay lnger and spend. One way t
encurage custmers t stay and rder that extra rund: put n sme Mzart(莫扎特）.When
classical, rather than pp, music was playing, diners spent mre. Fast music hurried diners ut.
Particular scents als have an effect: diners wh gt the scent f lavender(薰衣草）stayed lnger
and spent mre than thse wh smelled lemn, r n scent.
Meanwhile, things that yu might expect t discurage spending—"bad" tables, crwding.
high prices — dn't necessarily. Diners at bad tables — next t the kitchen dr, say — spent nearly as much as thers but sn fled. It can be cncluded that restaurant keepers need nt "be verly cncerned abut ‘bad' tables," given that they're prfitable. As fr crwds, a Hng Kng study fund that they increased a restaurant's reputatin, suggesting great fd at fair prices. And dubling a buffet's price led custmers t say that its pizza was 11 percent tastier.
58. The underlined phrase "nne the wiser" in paragraph 3 mst prbably implies that the
custmers were .
A. nt aware f eating mre than usual
B. nt willing t share fd with thers
C. nt cnscius f the fd quality
D. nt fnd f the fd prvided
59. Hw culd a fine dining shp make mre prfit?
A. playing classical music.
B. Intrducing lemn scent.
C. Making the light brighter,
D. Using plates f larger size.
60. What des the last paragraph talk abut?
A. Tips t attract mre custmers.
B. Prblems restaurants are faced with.
C. Ways t imprve restaurants' reputatin.
D. Cmmn misunderstandings abut restaurants.
【答案】58. A 59. A 60. D
【解析】本文为议论文。本文介绍了现代餐馆刺激消费和食欲的几种方法，以及人们对餐厅的一些错误看法。
58. 词义猜测题。根据文章第三段划线部分的前句they culdn't tell hw much they'd had: thse given extra-large shares ate mre than everyne else,可知，在黑暗中，他们说不清自己吃了多少，再根据划线后的句子they didn’t feel fuller, and they were just as ready fr dessert.可知，他们虽然吃得很多，但并没有感觉更饱，仍然在等着吃甜点，所以他们没有意识到自己吃多了，故A正确。
59. 细节理解题。根据第四段中的One way t encurage custmers t stay and rder that extra rund: put n sme Mzart(莫扎特）可知，要想让客人呆的时间更长应该播放莫扎特等古典音乐而不是流行音乐。Particular scents als have an effect: diners wh gt the scent f lavender(薰衣草）stayed lnger and spent mre than thse wh smelled lemn, r n scent.引入薰衣草香而不是柠檬香，而D项文章没有提及，所以用排除方法可以选A。
60. 主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段第一句Meanwhile, things that yu might expect t discurage spending—"bad" tables, crwding，high prices — dn't necessarily.可知，你认为可能会影响人们消费的因素如：不好的桌子，拥挤以及高价等不一定会真影响人们的消费，然后依次举例进行了证明，所以本段主要讲的是人们对于饭店的几个误解，故选D。
C
If yu want t disturb the car industry, yu'd better have a few billin dllars: Mm-and-pp carmakers are unlikely t beat the biggest car cmpanies. But in agriculture, small farmers can get the best f the majr players. By cnnecting directly with custmers, and by respnding quickly t changes in the markets as well as in the ecsystems(生态系统）, small farmers can keep ne step ahead f the big guys. As the c-funder f the Natinal Yung Farmers Calitin (NYFC, 美国青年农会）and a family farmer myself. I have a frnt-rw seat t the innvatins amng small farmers that are transfrming the industry.
Fr example, take the Quick Cut Greens Harvester, a tl develped just a cuple f years ag by a yung farmer, Jnathan Dysinger, in Tennessee, with a small lan frm a lcal Slw Mney grup. It enables small-scale farmers t harvest 175 punds f green vegetables per hur—a huge imprvement ver harvesting just a few dzen punds by hand—suddenly making it pssible fr the little guys t cmpete with large farms f Califrnia. Befre the tl came ut, small farmers culdn't tuch the price per pund ffered by Califrnia farms. But nw, with the cmbinatin f a better price pint and a generally fresher prduct, they can stay in business.
The sustainable success f small farmers, thugh, wn't happen withut fundamental changes
t the industry. One crucial factr is secure access t land. Cmpetitin frm investrs. develpers, and established large farmers makes wning ne's wn land unattainable fr many new farmers.
Frm 2004 t 2013, agricultural land values dubled, and they cntinue t rise in many regins.
Anther challenge fr mre than a millin f the mst qualified farm wrkers and managers is a nn-existent path t citizenship — the greatest barrier t building a farm f their wn. With farmers ver the age f 65 utnumbering(多于）farmers yunger than 35 by six t ne, and with tw-thirds f the natin's farmland in need f a new farmer, we must clear the path fr talented peple willing t grw the natin's fd.
There are slutins that culd light a path tward a mre sustainable and fair farm ecnmy, but farmers can't clumsily put them tgether befre us. We at the NYFC need brad supprt as we urge Cngress t increase farmland cnservatin, as we push fr immigratin refrm, and as we seek plicies that will ensure the success f a diverse and ambitius next generatin f farms frm all backgrunds. With a new farm bill t be debated in Cngress, cnsumers must take a stand with yung farmers.
61. The authr mentins car industry at the beginning f the passage t intrduce .
A. the prgress made in car industry
B. a special feature f agriculture
C. a trend f develpment in agriculture
D. the imprtance f investing in car industry
62. What des the authr want t illustrate with the example in paragraph 2?
A. Lans t small lcal farmers are necessary.
B. Technlgy is vital fr agricultural develpment.
C. Cmpetitin between small and big farms is fierce
D. Small farmers may gain sme advantages ver big nes.
63. What is the difficulty fr thse new famers?
A. T gain mre financial aid.
B. T hire gd farm managers.
C. T have fans f their wn.
D. T win ld farmers’ supprt.
64. What shuld farmers d fr a mre sustainable and fair farm ecnmy?
A. Seek supprt beynd NYFC.
B. Expand farmland cnservatin.
C. Becme members f NYFC.
D. Invest mre t imprve technlgy.
【答案】61. B 62. D 63. C 64. A
【解析】本文为说明文。文章作者作为全国青年农民联盟（NYFC）的联合创始人，分析了美国小农场的特点及目前美国小农场所面临的问题，督促国会对某些领域进行改革以支持美国国内小农场的发展
62. 推理判断题。根据文章第二段第二句It enables small-scale farmers t harvest 175 punds f green vegetables per hur—a huge imprvement ver harvesting just a few dzen punds by hand—suddenly making it pssible fr the little guys t cmpete with large farms f Califrnia.可以，推知新农具使小农场收获绿色蔬菜的效率提高，降低了收获成本，再根据最后一句But nw, with the cmbinatin f a better price pint and a generally fresher prduct, they can stay in business.，小农场价格与大农场价格接近和小农场产品更新鲜的特点，这使得小农场相对于大农场有了一些相对的优势，故选D。
63. 细节理解题。根据文章第四段第一句话Anther challenge fr mre than a millin f the mst qualified farm wrkers and managers is a nn-existent path t citizenship — the greatest barrier t building a farm f their wn.可知，新农民面临的最大挑战是无法获得公民身份，因此不能建设自己的农场，故选C。
64. 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段第二句We at the NYFC need brad supprt as we urge Cngress t increase farmland cnservatin, as we push fr immigratin refrm, and as we seek plicies that will ensure the success f a diverse and ambitius next generatin f farms frm all backgrunds.可知，NYFC需要广泛的支持，包括要求国会增加农田保护，推动移民改革，寻求确保不同背景的新农民的成功的政策等，所以为了保证农业经济的可持续发展农民需要寻求NYFC以外的很多方面的支持。故选A。
D
Children as yung as ten are becming dependent n scial media fr their sense f self-wrth, a majr study warned.
It fund many yungsters(少年）nw measure their status by hw much public apprval they get nline, ften thrugh “likes”. Sme change their behaviur in real life t imprve their image n the web.
The reprt int yungsters aged frm 8 t 12 was carried ut by Children's Cmmissiner (专员) Anne Lngfield. She said scial media firms were expsing children t majr emtinal risks, with sme yungsters starting secndary schl ill-equipped t cpe with the tremendus pressure they faced nline.
Sme scial apps were ppular amng the children even thugh they suppsedly require users t be at least 13. The yungsters admitted planning trips arund ptential pht-pprtunities and then messaging friends—and friends f friends — t demand “likes” fr their nline psts.
The reprt fund that yungsters felt their friendships culd be at risk if they did nt respnd t scial media psts quickly, and arund the clck.
Children aged 8 t 10 were "starting t feel happy" when thers liked their psts. Hwever, thse in the 10 t 12 age grup were "cncerned with hw many peple like their psts", suggesting a “need” fr scial recgnitin that gets strnger the lder they becme.
Miss Lngfield warned that a generatin f children risked grwing up "wrried abut their appearance and image as a result f the unrealistic lifestyles they fllw n platfrms, and increasingly anxius abut switching ff due t the cnstant demands f scial media.
She said: "Children are using scial media with family and friends and t play games when they are in primary schl. But what starts as fun usage f apps turns int tremendus pressure in real scial media interactin at secndary schl."
As their wrld expanded, she said, children cmpared themselves t thers nline in a way that was "hugely damaging in terms f their self-identity, in terms f their cnfidence, but als in terms f their ability t develp themselves".
Miss Lngfield added: "Then there is this push t cnnect—if yu g ffline, will yu miss smething, will yu miss ut, will yu shw that yu dn't care abut thse peple yu are fllwing, all f thse cme tgether in a huge way at nce." "Fr children it is very, very difficult t cpe with emtinally." The Children's Cmmissiner fr England's study—life in Likes—fund that children as yung as 8 were using scial media platfrms largely fr play.
Hwever, the research—invlving eight grups f 32 children aged 8 t 12—suggested that as they headed tward their teens, they became increasingly anxius nline.
By the time they started secndary schl—at age 11—children were already far mre aware f their image nline and felt under huge pressure t ensure their psts were ppular, the reprt fund.
Hwever, they still did nt knw hw t cpe with mean-spirited jkes, r the sense f incmpetence they might feel if they cmpared themselves t celebrities(名人) r mre brilliant friends nline. The reprt said they als faced pressure t respnd t messages at all hurs f the day—especially at secndary schl when mre yungsters have mbile phnes.
The Children’s Cmmissiner said schls and parents must nw d mre t prepare children fr the emtinal minefield(雷区) they faced nline. And she said scial media cmpanies must als "take mre respnsibility". They shuld either mnitr their websites better s that children d nt sign up t early, r they shuld adjust their websites t the needs f yunger users.
Javed Khan, f children's charity Bamard's, said: "It's vital that new cmpulsry age-apprpriate relatinship and sex educatin lessns in England shuld help equip children t deal with the grwing demands f scial media.”
“It’s als hugely imprtant fr parents t knw which apps their children are using.”
65. Why did sme secndary schl students feel t much pressure?
A. They were nt prvided with adequate equipment.
B. They were nt well prepared fr emtinal risks.
C. They were required t give quick respnses.
D. They were prevented frm using mbile phnes.
66. Sme scial app cmpanies were t blame because ________.
A. they didn't adequately check their users' registratin
B. they rganized pht trips t attract mre yungsters
C. they encuraged yungsters t pst mre phts
D. they didn't stp yungsters frm staying up late
67. Children's cmparing themselves t thers nline may lead t ________.
A. less friendliness t each ther
B. lwer self-identity and cnfidence
C. an increase in nline cheating
D. a strnger desire t stay nline
68. Accrding t Life in Likes, as children grew, they became mre anxius t ________.
A. circulate their psts quickly
B. knw the qualities f their psts
C. use mbile phnes fr play
D. get mre public apprval
69. What shuld parents d t slve the prblem?
A. Cmmunicate mre with secndary schls.
B. Urge media cmpanies t create safer apps.
C. Keep track f children's use f scial media.
D. Frbid their children frm visiting the web.
70. What des the passage mainly talk abut?
A. The influence f scial media n children.
B. The imprtance f scial media t children.
C. The prblem in building a healthy relatinship.
D. The measure t reduce risks frm scial media.
【答案】65. B 66. A 67. B 68. D 69. C 70. A
【解析】本文为议论文。文章主要介绍了社交媒体(scial media )使得8-12岁使用社交app的孩子面临很多压力，分析了原因，并对此提出了建议。
66. 推理判断题。根据文章第四段第一句话Sme scial apps were ppular amng the children even thugh they suppsedly require users t be at least 13.可知，一些社交apps很受孩子们欢迎，尽管它们要求使用者不低于13岁，言外之意，他们没有对孩子的年龄进行监管，故选A。
67. 细节理解题。根据文章第九段children cmpared themselves t thers nline in a way that was "hugely damaging in terms f their self-identity, in terms f their cnfidence, but als in terms f their ability t develp themselves".可知，孩子在网上与其他人比较损害他们的自尊心，自信心以及自我发展的能力。故B正确。
68. 推理判断题。根据文章第12段Hwever, the research—invlving eight grups f 32 children aged 8 t 12—suggested that as they headed tward their teens, they became increasingly anxius nline.可知，随着孩子年龄的增长，他们开始渴望上网，再根据13段By the time they started secndary schl—at age 11—children were already far mre aware f their image nline and felt under huge pressure t ensure their psts were ppular, the reprt fund.可以推断出，他们的压力源于他们渴望自己的发帖能受欢迎、被认可，由此可见他们渴望得到公众的认可。故选D。
69. 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段It’s als hugely imprtant fr parents t knw which apps their children are using.可以推断出,父母需要了解孩子在使用什么apps，所以应该时刻跟踪了解孩子对于社交app的使用。故选C。
70. 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段Children as yung as ten are becming dependent n scial media fr their sense f self-wrth, a majr study warned.可知，本文为新闻报道体，文章主要介绍青少年变得越来越依赖社交媒体。再根据全文内容可知文章主要介绍了社交媒体对孩子的影响，故A正确。
1.【2017·全国新课标I】A
Pacific Science Center Guide
◆Visit Pacific Science Center’s Stre
Dn’t frget t stp by Pacific Science Center’s Stre while yu are here t pick up a wnderful science activity r suvenir t remember yur visit. The stre is lcated(位于) upstairs in Building 3 right next t the Laster Dme.
◆Hungry
Our exhibits will feed yur mind but what abut yur bdy? Our café ffers a cmplete menu f lunch and snack ptins, in additin t seasnal specials. The café is lcated upstairs in Building 1 and is pen daily until ne hur befre Pacific Science Center clses.
◆Rental Infrmatin
Lckers are available t stre any belngings during yur visit. The lckers are lcated in Building 1 near the Infrmatin Desk and in Building 3. Pushchairs and wheelchairs are available t rent at the Infrmatin Desk and Denny Way entrance. ID required.
◆Supprt Pacific Science Center
Since 1962 Pacific Science Center has been inspiring a passin(热情) fr discvery and lifelng learning in science, math and technlgy. Tday Pacific Science Center serves mre than 1.3 millin peple a year and beings inquiry-based science educatin t classrms and cmmunity events all ver Washingtn State. It’s an amazing accmplishment and ne we cannt achieve withut generus supprt frm individuals, crpratins, and ther scial rganizatins. Wish pacificrganzier.rg t find varius ways yu can supprt Pacific Science Center.
21. Where can yu buy a suvenir at Pacific Science Center?
A. In Building 1.
B. In Building 3.
C. At the last Dme.
D. At the Denny Way entrance.
22. What des Pacific Science Center d fr schls?
A. Train Science teachers.
B. Distribute science bks.
C. Distribute scientific research.
D. Take science t the classrm.
23. What is the purpse f the last part f the text?
A. T encurage dnatins.
B. T advertise cming events.
C. T intrduce special exhibits.
D. T tell abut the Center’s histry.
【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A
【解析】本文是一篇广告应用文。文章主要从购物点、就餐点、租借服务三方面介绍了Pacific Science Center，并展示了Pacific Science Center为人们做的贡献，呼吁人们的支持。
1．B 细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的The stre is lcated(位于) upstairs in Building 3 right next t the Laster Dme.可知，Pacific Science Center的购物点在Laster Dme旁边的3号楼的楼上。故选B。
2．D细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的Tday Pacific Science Center serves mre than 1.3 millin peple a year and beings inquiry based science educatin t classrms and cmpany events all ver Washingtn State可知，现在Pacific Science Center每年向130多万人提供服务，并开始把科学教育带到教室。故选D。
3．A 写作意图题。根据文章最后一段Wish pacificrganzier.rg t find varius ways yu can supprt Pacific Science Center.可知，作者呼吁读者支持Pacific Science Center，也就是鼓励人们为之提供帮助，做贡献。故选A。
2.【2017·全国新课标I】B
I wrk with Vlunteers fr Wildlife, a rescue and educatin rganizatin at Bailey Arbretum in Lcust Valley. Trying t help injured, displaced r sick creatures can be heartbreaking; survival is never certain. Hwever, when it wrks, it is simply beautiful.
I gt a rescue call frm a wman in Muttntwn. She had fund a yung wl(猫头鹰) n the grund. When I arrived, I saw a 2-t 3-week-ld wl. It had already been placed in a carrier fr safety.
I examined the chick(雏鸟) and it seemed fine. If I culd lcate the nest, I might have been able t put it back, but n luck. My next wrk was t cnstruct a nest and anchr it in a tree.
The hmewner was very helpful. A wire basket was fund. I put sme pine branches int the basket t make this nest safe and cmfrtable. I placed the chick in the nest, and it quickly calmed dwn.
Nw all that was needed were the parents, but they were absent. I gave the hmewner a recrding f the hunger screams f wl chicks. These advertise the presence f chicks t adults; they might als encurage ur chick t start calling as well. I gave the wner as much infrmatin as pssible and headed hme t see what news the night might bring.
A nervus night t be sure,but smetimes the spirits f nature smile n us all! The hmewner called t say that the parents had respnded t the recrdings. I drve ver and saw the chick in the nest lking healthy and active. And it was accmpanied in the nest by the greatest sight f all — LUNCH! The parents had dne their duty and wuld prbably cntinue t d s.
4．What is unavidable in the authr’s rescue wrk accrding t paragraph 1?
A. Effrts made in vain.
B. Getting injured in his wrk.
C. Feeling uncertain abut his future.
D. Creatures frced ut f their hmes.
5．Why was the authr called t Muttntwn?
A. T rescue a wman.
B. T take care f a wman.
C. T lk at a baby wl.
D. T cure a yung wl.
6．What made the chick calm dwn?
A. A new nest.
B. Sme fd.
C. A recrding.
D. Its parents.
7．Hw wuld the authr feel abut the utcme f the event?
A. It’s unexpected.
B. It’s beautiful.
C. It’s humrus.
D. It’s discuraging.
【答案】
4．A
5．C
6．A
7．B
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了救助小动物并没有那么简单，因为你所做的救助行为到最后可能都成了无用功。但无论结果怎样，救助小动物的这种行为是美好的。本文主要介绍了作者救助一只小猫头鹰，给它做新的窝，帮助它回到父母身边的故事。
4．A 细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的Trying t help injured, displaced r sick creatures can be heartbreaking; survival is never certain.可知，救助受伤动物是令人心碎的，因为不知道救助的动物是否能活下去，也就是为救助动物而花费的努力可能会白费，这是不可避免的。故选A。
6．A 细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的I placed the chick in the nest, and it quickly calmed dwn可知，在作者把小猫头鹰放在窝里之后，它很快就安静下来，所以是窝让小猫头鹰安静下来的。故选A。
7．B 推理判断题。根据前文描述可知作者为小猫头鹰做了窝，并且帮助它找回了它的父母。小猫头鹰的父母还为它带回了午餐。作者的救助成功了，说明结局是美好的。再结合第一段的Hwever, when it wrks, it is simply beautiful.可推测，作者感觉很美好。故选B。
4.【2017·全国新课标I】D
A build-it-yurself slar still（蒸馏器） is ne f the best ways t btain drinking water in areas where the liquid is nt readily available. Develped by tw dctrs in the U.S. Department f Agriculture, it’s an excellent water cllectr. Unfrtunately, yu must carry the necessary equipment with yu, since it’s all but impssible t find natural substitutes. The nly cmpnents required, thugh, are a 5＇ 5＇ sheet f clear r slightly milky plastic, six feet f plastic tube, and a cntainer— perhaps just a drinking cup — t catch the water. These pieces can be flded int a neat little pack and fastened n yur belt.
T cnstruct a wrking still, use a sharp stick r rck t dig a hle fur feet acrss and three feet deep. Try t make the hle in a damp area t increase the water catcher’s prductivity. Place yur cup in the deepest part f the hle. Then lay the tube in place s that ne end rests all the way in the cup and the rest f the line runs up — and ut — the side f the hle.
Next, cver the hle with the plastic sheet, securing the edges f the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheet’s center dwn with a rck. The plastic shuld nw frm a cne(圆锥体) with 45-degree-angled sides. The lw pint f the sheet must be centered directly ver, and n mre than three inches abve, the cup.
The slar still wrks by creating a greenhuse under the plastic. Grund water evaprates (蒸发) and cllects n the sheet until small drps f water frm, run dwn the material and fall ff int the cup. When the cntainer is full, yu can suck the refreshment ut thrugh the tube, and wn’t have t break dwn the still every time yu need a drink.
11．What d we knw abut the slar still equipment frm the first paragraph?
A. It’s delicate. B. It’s expensive.
C. It’s cmplex. D. It’s prtable.
12．What des the underlined phrase “the water catcher” in paragraph 2 refer t?
A. The tube. B. The still.
C. The hle. D. The cup.
13．What’s the last step f cnstructing a wrking slar still?
A. Dig a hle f a certain size. B. Put the cup in place.
C. Weight the sheet’s center dwn. D. Cver the hle with the plastic sheet.
14．When a slar still wrks, drps f water cme int the cup frm .
A. the plastic tube B. utside the hle
C. the pen air D. beneath the sheet
【答案】
11．D
12．B
13．C
14．D
【解析】本文是一篇科普文章。文章主要介绍了一种自己可以亲手制作的简单易行的太阳能蒸馏器的方法和它的工作原理。这种蒸馏器所需的材料简单，适用于任何缺水的地方。
11．D 推理判断题。根据文章第一段最后一句话These pieces can be flded int a neat little pack and fastened n yur belt.可知，制作蒸馏器的东西可以叠放在一个小包，系在腰间。说明制作蒸馏器的设备很轻便，prtable表示“轻便的;手提的”，故选D。
12．B 猜测词义题。根据文章Try t make the hle in a damp area t increase the water catcher’s prductivity可知，最好在潮湿的地方挖洞，以提高接水器的工作效率。接水器指的是在潮湿地方挖洞，在洞的底部放一个杯子，杯子上方用覆盖膜遮挡。整个装置构成接水器，而不是某个部分。这一题很容易错选D。就算在干燥的地方挖洞，杯子也可以接水，杯子接水的事实并不会因为周围的环境变化而变化，杯子的工作效率是不变的。故选B。
13．C 细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的Next, cver the hle with the plastic sheet, securing the edges f the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheet’s center dwn with a rck.可知，最后一步是weighting the sheet’s center dwn with a rck“放一块石头在覆盖膜的中间，把它压下去”，故选C。
14．D 推理判断题。根据第四段中的Grund water evaprates (蒸发) and cllects n the sheet until small drps f water frm, run dwn the material and fall ff int the cup可知，地下水蒸发，在覆盖膜上聚集起来直到形成小水滴落在杯子里。覆盖膜是在杯子上面的，水滴落入杯子里。所以水滴是凝聚在覆盖膜的下面。故选D。
10.【2017·新课标III】B
Minutes after the last mvie ended yesterday at the Plaza Theater, emplyees were busy sweeping up ppcrns and gathering cke cups. It was a scene that had been repeated many times in the theater’s 75-year histry. This time, hwever, the cleanup was a little different. As ne grup f wrkers carried ut the rubbish, anther grup began remving seats and ther theater equipment in preparatin fr the building’s end.
The film classic The Last Picture Shw was the last mvie shwn in the ld theater. Thugh the mvie is 30 years ld, mst f the 250 seats were filled with teary-eyed audience wanting t say gd-be t the ld building. Theater wner Ed Bradfrd said he chse the mvie because it seemed apprpriate. The mvie is set in a small twn where the nly mvie theater is preparing t clse dwn.
Bradfrd said that large mdern theaters in the city made it impssible fr the Plaza t cmpete. He added that the theater’s lcatin(位置) was als a reasn. “This used t be the center f twn,” he said. “Nw the area is mstly ffice buildings and warehuses.”
Last week sme city fficials suggested the city might be interested in turning the ld theater int a museum and public meeting place. Hwever, these plans were abandned because f financial prblems. Bradfrd sld the building and land t a lcal develpment firm, which plans t build a shpping cmplex n the land where the theater is lcated.
The theater audience said gd-by as Bradfrd lcked the drs fr the last time. After 75 years the Plaza Theater has shwn its last mvie. The theater will be missed.
24. In what way was yesterday’s cleanup at the Plaza special?
A. It made rm fr new equipment.
B. It signaled the clsedwn f the theater.
C. It was dne with the help f the audience.
D. It marked the 75th anniversary f the theater.
25. Why was The Last Picture Shw put n?
A. It was an all-time classic. B. It was abut the histry f the twn.
C. The audience requested it. D. The theater wner fund it suitable.
26. What will prbably happen t the building?
A. It will be repaired. B. It will be turned int a museum.
C. It will be kncked dwn. D. It will be sld t the city gvernment.
27. What can we infer abut the audience?
A. They are disappinted with Bradfrd. B. They are sad t part with the ld theater.
C. They are supprtive f the city fficials. D. They are eager t have a shpping center.
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一家具有75年历史的剧院因为不利的地理位置和现代剧院的竞争，而面临着不得不关门，转手出售的故事。
26. C细节理解题。根据第四段末句“which plans t build a shpping cmplex n the land where the theater is lcated.”可以推断这个剧院将被拆除，取而代之的是一个现代的购物中心。
27.B推理判断题。根据第二段中“mst f the 250 seats were filled with teary-eyed audience wanting t say gd-bye t the ld building.”可知，人们非常难过，不愿意看到老剧院被拆掉。
11.【2017·新课标III】C
After years f heated debate, gray wlves were reintrduced t Yellwstne Natinal Park. Furteen wlves were caught in Canada and transprted t the park. By last year, the Yellwstne wlf ppulatin had grwn t mre than 170 wlves.
Gray wlves nce were seen here and there in the Yellwstne area and much f the cntinental United States, but they were gradually displaced by human develpment. By the 1920s, wlves had practically disappeared frm the Yellwstne area. They went farther nrth int the deep frests f Canada, where there were fewer humans arund.
The disappearance f the wlves had many unexpected results. Deer and elk ppulatins — majr fd surces (来源) fr the wlf – grew rapidly. These animals cnsumed large amunts f vegetatin (植被), which reduced plant diversity in the park. In the absence f wlves, cyte ppulatins als grew quickly. The cytes killed a large percentage f the park’ s red fxes, and cmpletely drve away the park’ s beavers.
As early as 1966,bilgists asked the gvernment t cnsider reintrducing wlves t Yellwstne Park. They hped that wlves wuld be able t cntrl the elk and cyte prblems. Many farmers ppsed the plan because they feared that wlves wuld kill their farm animals r pets.
The gvernment spent nearly 30 years cming up with a plan t reintrduce the wlvers. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service carefully mnitrs and manages the wlf packs in Yellwstne. Tday, the debate cntinues ver hw well the gray wlf is fitting in at Yellwstne.Elk, deer, and cyte ppulatins are dwn, while beavers and red fres have made a cmeback. The Yellwstne wlf prject has been a valuable experiment t help bilgists decide whether t reintrduce wlves t ther parts f the cuntry as well.
28.What is the text mainly abut?
A. Wildlife research in the United States.
B. Plant diversity in the Yellwstne area.
C. The cnflict between farmers and gray wlves.
D. The reintrductin f wlves t Yellwstne Park.
29.What des the underlined wrd “displaced” in paragraph 2 mean?
A. Tested.B. Separated.C. Frced ut.D. Tracked dwn.
30.What did the disappearance f gray wlves bring abut？
A. Damage t lcal eclgy. B. A decline in the park’s incme.
C. Preservatin f vegetatin. D. An increase in the variety f animals.
31.What is the authr’s attitude twards the Yellwstne wlf prject？
A. Dubtful. B. Psitive. C. Disapprving. D. Uncaring.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了美国黄石公园重新引进灰狼的事情。因为人类活动影响到灰狼数量逐渐减少，鹿群数量逐渐增加，从而造成植被遭到大量破坏。
28．主旨大意题。文章开门见山指出黄石公园引进灰狼的举措，之后在下文详细介绍了原因以及带来的良好的转机，由此判断本文主要是关于美国黄石公园对灰狼的引进。故选D。
29．词义猜测题。根据本段后两句可知，因为人类的发展，侵占了灰狼的领域，灰狼逐渐向北迁徙，由此推断灰狼被人类排挤走了。故选C。
30．细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，灰狼的减少造成了鹿群的增多，从而植被遭到了破坏；而且红狐和海狸也不断减少，由此推断灰狼的消失引起了当地生态的破坏。故选A。
31．推理判断题。根据文章末段末句可知，作者认为引进灰狼的项目是很有价值的实验，是很值得推广的。可知作者对黄石公园引进灰狼的态度是”积极的，赞成的“，故选B。
12.【2017·新课标III】D
The Intelligent Transprt team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car int a mbile labratry named “DriveLAB” in rder t understand the challenges faced by lder drivers and t discver where the key stress pints are.
Research shws that giving up driving is ne f the key reasns fr a fall in health and well-being amng lder peple, leading t them becming mre islated(隔绝) and inactive.
Led by Prfessr Phil Blythe, the Newcastle team are develping in-vehicle technlgies fr lder drivers which they hpe culd help them t cntinue driving int later life.
These include custm-made navigatin(导航) tls, night visin systems and intelligent speed adaptatins. Phil Blythe explains: “Fr many lder peple, particularly thse living alne r in the cuntry, driving is imprtant fr preserving their independence, giving them the freedm t get ut and abut withut having t rely n thers.”
“But we all have t accept that as we get lder ur reactins slw dwn and this ften results in peple aviding any ptentially challenging driving cnditins and lsing cnfidence in their driving skills. The result is that peple stp driving befre they really need t.”
Dr Amy Gu, the leading researcher n the lder driver study, explains, “The DriveLAB is helping us t understand what the key pints and difficulties are fr lder drivers and hw we might use technlgy t address these prblems.
“Fr example, mst f us wuld expect lder drivers always g slwer than everyne else but surprisingly, we fund that in 30mph znes they struggled t keep at a cnstant speed and s were mre likely t break the speed limit and be at risk f getting fined. We’re lking at the benefits f systems which cntrl their speed as a way f preventing that.
“We hpe that ur wrk will help with technlgical slutins(解决方案) t ensure that lder drivers stay safer behind the wheel.”
32.What is the purpse f the Drivel AB?
A.T explre newmeans f transprt.
B.T design new types f cars.
C.T find ut lder driver`s prblems.
D.T teach peple traffic rules.
33.Why is driving imprtant fr lder peple accrding t Phil Blythe?
A.It keeps them independent.
B.It helps them save time.
C.It builds up their strength.
D.It cures their mental illnesses.
34.What d researchers hpe t d fr lder drivers?
A.Imprve their driving skills.
B.Develp driver-assist technlgles.
C.Prvide tips n repairing their cars.
D.Organize regular physical checkups.
35.What is the best title fr the text?
A.A new Mdel Electric Car
B.A Slutin t Traffic Prblem
C.Driving Service fr elders
D.Keeping Older Drivers n the Rad
【解析】本文主要介绍了老年司机在需要停止开车的年龄之前就不得不停止开车，所以一些研究人员就开始了解老年司机存在的问题，想要用技术去解决这些问题，比如发开了控制速度的系统、制定导航工具、夜视系统和智能速度适应。
33. A推理判断题。根据第四段中 Phil Blythe所说的内容 “driving is imprtant fr preserving their independence, giving them the freedm t get ut and abut withut having t rely n thers”可知，在Phil Blythe看来，能够开车是老年人能够保持独立生活的重要条件。
34. B推理判断题。根据文章最后三段内容可知，研究人员希望能够通过研制一些司机辅助技术来帮助老年司机延长驾龄、享受更多独立的生活。
35. D主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了科研人员通过把电动车改装成一款 “DriveLAB”来研究如何帮助解决老年司机在开车时候遇到的问题，以便延长他们独立生活的时间，提高他们的生活质量。
13.【2017·北京卷】A
It was a cld March day in High Pint, Nrth Carlina. The girls n the Wesleyan Academy sftball were waiting fr their next turns at bat during practice, stamping their feet t stay warm, Eighth-grader Taylr Bisbee shivered(发抖) a little as she watched her teammate Paris White play. The tw didn’t knw each ther well — Taylr had just mved t twn a mnth r s befre.
Suddenly, Paris fell t the grund,“Paris’s eye rlled back,” Taylr says. “She started shaking. I knew it was an emergency.”
It certainly was, Paris had suffered a sudden heart failure. Withut immediate medical care, Paris wuld die. At first n ne mved. The girls were in shck. Then the sftball cach shuted ut, “Des anyne knw CPR?”
CPR is a life-saving technique. T d CPR, yu press n the sick persn’s chest s that bld mves thrugh the bdy and takes xygen t rgans. Withut xygen the brain is damaging quickly.
Amazingly, Taylr had just taken a CPR curse the day befre. Still, she hesitated. She didn’t think she knew it well enugh. But when n ne else came frward, Taylr ran t Paris and began ding CPR, “It was scary. I knew it was the difference between life and death,” says Taylr.
Taylr’s swift actin helped her teammates calm dwn. One girl called 911. Tw mre ran t get the schl nurse, wh brught a defibrillatr, an electrnic devices(器械) that can shck the heart back int wrk. Luck stayed with them: Paris’ heartbeat returned.
“I knw I was really lucky,” Paris says nw. “Mst peple dn’t survive this. My team saved my life.”
Experts say Paris is right: Fr a sudden heart failure, the single best chance fr survival is having smene nearby step in and d CPR quickly.
Tday, Paris is back n the sftball team. Taylr will apply t cllege sn. She wants t be a nurse. “I feel mre cnfident in my actins nw,” Taylr says. “I knw I can act under pressure in a scary situatin.”
56.What happened t Paris n a March day?
A. She caught a bad cld.
B. She had a sudden heart prblem.
C. She was kncked dwn by a ball.
D. She shivered terribly during practice
57.Why des Paris say she was lucky?
A. She made a wrthy friend.
B. She recvered frm shck.
C. She received immediate CPR.
D. She came back n the sftball team.
58.Which f the fllwing wrds can best describe Taylr?
A. Enthusiastic and kind.
B. Curageus and calm.
C. Cperative and generus.
D. Ambitius and prfessinal.
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了垒球队一名女孩Paris在打球的过程中突发心力衰竭，队友Taylr紧急对Paris进行了心肺复苏，送往医院后她恢复了心跳的故事，旨在说明面临心力衰竭时，保持冷静并进行紧急心肺复苏的重要性。
56．根据第三段第一行，“It certainly was。 Paris had suffered a sudden heart failure。”可知，Paris突发心脏病，故B项正确。
57．根据第五段第二行“Taylr ran t Paris and began ding CPR”以及第六段整段中队友的协助，得到了及时CPR救助的Paris“heartbeat returned”， 所以Paris说自己非常的幸运。倒数第二段，“Experts say Paris is right。 Fr a sudden failure， the single best chance fr survival is having smene nearby step in and d CPR quickly”，专家的话也印证了Paris获得了及时的救助，故C项正确。
58．根据第五段第二行“But when n ne else came frward， Taylr ran t Paris and began ding CPR。”说明Taylr非常的勇敢，在没有人出来帮忙以及自己对自己不那么自信的情况下，她还是跑去救助了Paris。由第五段第三行Taylr 的话“It was scary。 I knew it was the difference between life and death。”以及第六段首句“Taylr’s swift actin helped her teammates calm dwn。”可知，Taylr是一个勇敢并且冷静的女孩，面对这种情况，她没有慌乱，用自己学习到的急救知识迅速行动并用自己的举动感染了队友，使她们镇静下来帮忙救助，故B项正确。
15.【2017·北京卷】C
Measles(麻疹), which nce killed 450 children each year and disabled even mre, was nearly wiped ut in the United States 14 years ag by the universal use f the MMR vaccine(疫苗). But the disease is making a cmeback, caused by a grwing anti-vaccine mvement and misinfrmatin that is spreading quickly. Already this year, 115 measles cases have been reprted in the USA, cmpared with 189 fr all f last year.
The numbers might sund small, but they are the leading edge f a dangerus trend. When vaccinatin rates are very high, as they still are in the natin as a whle, everyne is prtected. This is called “herd immunity”, which prtects the peple wh get hurt easily, including thse wh can’t be vaccinated fr medical reasns, babies t yung t get vaccinated and peple n whm the vaccine desn’t wrk.
But herd immunity wrks nly when nearly the whle herd jins in. When sme refuse vaccinatin and seek a free ride, immunity breaks dwn and everyne is in even bigger danger.
That’s exactly what is happening in small neighbrhds arund the cuntry frm Orange Cunty, Califrnia, where 22 measles cases were reprted this mnth, t Brklyn, N.Y., where a 17-year-ld caused an utbreak last year.
The resistance t vaccine has cntinued fr decades, and it is driven by a real but very small risk. Thse wh refuse t take that risk selfishly make thers suffer.
Making things wrse are state laws that make it t easy t pt ut(决定不参加) f what are suppsed t be required vaccines fr all children entering kindergarten. Seventeen states allw parents t get an exemptin（豁免), smetimes just by signing a paper saying they persnally bject t a vaccine.
Nw, several states are mving t tighten laws by adding new regulatins fr pting ut. But n ne des enugh t limit exemptins.
Parents ught t be able t pt ut nly fr limited medical r religius reasns. But persnal pinins? Nt gd enugh. Everyne enjys the life-saving benefits vaccines prvide, but they’ll exist nly as lng as everyne shares in the risks.
63．The first tw paragraphs suggest that ____________.
A．a small number f measles cases can start a dangerus trend
B．the utbreak f measles attracts the public attentin
C．anti-vaccine mvement has its medical reasns
D．infrmatin abut measles spreads quickly
64．Herd immunity wrks well when ____________.
A．exemptins are allwed
B．several vaccines are used tgether
C．the whle neighbrhd is invlved in
D．new regulatins are added t the state laws
65．What is the main reasn fr the cmeback f measles?
A．The veruse f vaccine.
B．The lack f medical care.
C．The features f measles itself.
D．The vaccine pt-uts f sme peple.
66．What is the purpse f the passage?
A．T intrduce the idea f exemptin.
B．T discuss methds t cure measles.
C．T stress the imprtance f vaccinatin.
D．T appeal fr equal rights in medical treatment.
【答案】63 A 64 C 65 D 66 C
【解析】本文主要是介绍了麻疹在历史上带来的危害，以及解释了为什么会发生这样的情况。
63．细节理解题。根据第二段第一句话The numbers might sund small, but they are the leading edge f a dangerus trend.麻疹患者的数量虽然小，但是他们却是一种危险趋势的前沿，因此可知答案为A。
64.细节理解题。根据第三段But herd immunity wrks nly when nearly the whle herd jins in.可知只有群体中所有人都参与进来了群体免疫才会有用，因此答案选C。
66.态度意图题。本文主要是介绍了麻疹在历史上带来的危害，以及为什么会有这样的情况，最根本原因还是那些不注射疫苗的人导致的，故本文的目的是强调疫苗的作用，选C。
【考点】医学疾病类文章阅读
16.【2017·北京卷】D
Hllywd’s thery that machines with evil(邪恶) minds will drive armies f killer rbts is just silly. The real prblem relates t the pssibility that artificial intelligence(AI) may becme extremely gd at achieving smething ther than what we really want. In 1960 a well-knwn mathematician Nrbert Wiener, wh funded the field f cybernetics（控制论）, put it this way: “If we use, t achieve ur purpses, a mechanical agency with whse peratin we cannt effectively interfere(干预), we had better be quite sure that the purpse put int the machine is the purpse which we really desire.”
A machine with a specific purpse has anther quality, ne that we usually assciate with living things: a wish t preserve its wn existence. Fr the machine, this quality is nt in-brn, nr is it smething intrduced by humans; it is a lgical cnsequence f the simple fact that the machine cannt achieve its riginal purpse if it is dead. S if we send ut a rbt with the single instructin f fetching cffee, it will have a strng desire t secure success by disabling its wn ff switch r even killing anyne wh might interfere with its task. If we are nt careful, then, we culd face a kind f glbal chess match against very determined, super intelligent machines whse bjectives cnflict with ur wn, with the real wrld as the chessbard.
The pssibility f entering int and lsing such a match shuld cncentrate the minds f cmputer scientists. Sme researchers argue that we can seal the machines inside a kind f firewall, using them t answer difficult questins but never allwing them t affect the real wrld. Unfrtunately, that plan seems unlikely t wrk: we have yet t invent a firewall that is secure against rdinary humans, let alne super intelligent machines.
Slving the safety prblem well enugh t mve frward in AI seems t be pssible but nt easy. There are prbably decades in which t plan fr the arrival f super intelligent machines. But the prblem shuld nt be dismissed ut f hand, as it has been by sme AI researchers. Sme argue that humans and machines can cexist as lng as they wrk in teams—yet that is nt pssible unless machines share the gals f humans. Others say we can just “switch them ff” as if super intelligent machines are t stupid t think f that pssibility. Still thers think that super intelligent AI will never happen. On September 11, 1933, famus physicist Ernest Rutherfrd stated, with cnfidence, “Anyne wh expects a surce f pwer in the transfrmatin f these atms is talking mnshine.” Hwever, n September 12, 1933, physicist Le Szilard invented the neutrn-induced(中子诱导) nuclear chain reactin.
67. Paragraph 1 mainly tells us that artificial intelligence may .
A. run ut f human cntrl
B. satisfy human’s real desires
C. cmmand armies f killer rbts
D. wrk faster than a mathematician
68. Machines with specific purpses are assciated with living things partly because they might be able t .
A. prevent themselves frm being destryed
B achieve their riginal gals independently
C. d anything successfully with given rders
D. beat humans in internatinal chess matches
69. Accrding t sme researchers, we can use firewalls t .
A. help super intelligent machines wrk better
B. be secure against evil human beings
C. keep machines frm being harmed
D. avid rbts’ affecting the wrld
70. What des the authr think f the safety prblem f super intelligent machines?
A. It will disappear with the develpment f AI.
B. It will get wrse with human interference.
C. It will be slved but with difficulty.
D. It will stay fr a decade.
【答案】67 A 68 A 69 D 70 C
【解析】本文主要介绍了人工智能，它会给我们的生活带来什么样的影响。
67.推理判断题。根据第一段The real prblem relates t the pssibility that artificial intelligence(AI) may becme extremely gd at achieving smething ther than what we really want.可知人工智能可能会出现的真正问题是AI会非常擅长取得某个成就而不是我们真正想要的东西，也就是说AI可能会超出人的控制去做一些事情，故选A。
68.推理判断题。根据第二段第一句A machine with a specific purpse has anther quality, ne that we usually assciate with living things: a wish t preserve its wn existence.可知，原因是保护它自己的存在的一种愿望，也就是说，它具有有生命的物体的一种品质是因为它要保护自己不被破坏，继续存在下去，故选A。
69．推理判断题。根据第三段using them t answer difficult questins but never allwing them t affect the real wrld.可知可以用防火墙来回答那些困难的问题但是却永远不要让他们影响这个真正的现实世界，故选D。
70．推理判断题。根据最后一段Slving the safety prblem well enugh t mve frward in AI seems t be pssible but nt easy.可知作者认为解决人工智能机器的安全问题是可能的，但是并不容易，也就是很困难，故选C。
17.【2017·天津卷】A
Suppse yu’re in a rush, feeling tired, nt paying attentin t yur screen, and yu send an email that culd get yu in truble.
Realisatin will prbably set in secnds after yu’ve clicked “send”. Yu freeze in hrrrs and burn with shame.
What t d? Here are fur cmmn email accidents, and hw t recver.
Clicking “send” t sn
Dn’t waste yur time trying t find ut if the receivers has read it yet. Write anther email as swiftly as yu can and send it with a brief explaining that this is the crrect versin and the previus versin shuld be ignred.
Writing the wrng time
The sner yu ntice, the better. Respnd quickly and briefly, aplgizing fr yur mistake. Keep the tne measured: dn’t handle it t lightly, as peple can be ffered, especially if yur errr suggests a misunderstanding f their culture(I.e. incrrect rdering f Chinese names).
Clicking “reply all” unintentinally
Yu accidentally reveal(透露)t entire cmpany what menu chices yu wuld prefer at the staff Christmas dinner, r what hliday yu’d like t take. In this instance, the best slutin is t send a quick, light-hearted aplgy t explain yur awkwardness. But it can quickly rise t smething wrse, when everyne starts hitting “reply all” t jin in a lng and unpleasant cnversatin. In this instance, step away frm yur keybard t allw everyne t calm dwn.
Sending an ffensive message t it’s subject
The mst awkward email mistake is usually cmmitted in anger. Yu write an unkind message abut smene, intending t send it t a friend, but accidentally send it t the persn yu’re discussing. In that case, ask t speak in persn as sn as pssible and say srry. Explain yur frustratins calmly and sensibly—see it as an pprtunity tic hear up any difficulties yu may have with this persn.
36. After realizing an email accident, yu are likely t feel _______.
A. curius B. tired C. awful D. funny
37. If yu have written the wrng name in an email, it is best t ________.
A. aplgise in a serius manner
B. tell the receiver t ignre the errr
C. learn t write the name crrectly
D. send a shrt ntice t everyne
38. What shuld yu d when an unpleasant cnversatin is started by yur “reply all” email?
A. Try ffering ther chices.
B. Avid further invlvement.
C. Meet ther staff members.
D. Make a light-hearted aplgy.
39. Hw shuld yu deal with the prblem caused by an ffensive email?
A. By prmising nt t ffend the receiver again.
B. By seeking supprt frm the receiver’s friends.
C. By asking the receiver t cntrl his anger.
D. By talking t the receiver face t face.
40. What is the passage mainly abut?
A. Defining email errrs.
B. Reducing email mistakes.
C. Handling email accidents.
D. Imprving email writing.
【解析】这是一篇说明文。介绍了因为失误而发错信息的补救方法。
36．【解析】A. 谨慎的 B. 劳累的，厌倦的 C. 糟糕的，极坏的 D. 滑稽的。根据第二段第二句：Yu freeze in hrrrs and burn with shame.可以判断出：在你意识到邮件发生了意外时，你的感觉很糟糕， 故选C。
【考点】考查细节理解。
【考点】考查细节理解。
38．【解析】根据第三标题句Clicking “reply all” unintentinally下面内容的最后一句话：
In this instance, step away frm yur keybard t allw everyne t calm dwn在这种情况下，远离键盘让大家冷静下来，即避免进一步的牵涉。故选B。
【考点】考查细节理解。
39．【解析】据最后最后一个标题句下面内容In that case, ask t speak in persn as sn as pssible and say srry，在这种情况下尽快的去当面说声和道歉，故选D。
【考点】考查细节理解。
40．【解析】前三段内容通过问问题和说明情况以及引出主题，处理邮件问题的四个具体方法可以判断出本文主要讲的是处理邮件问题。故选C。
【考点】考查主旨大意。
18.【2017·天津卷】B
Fifteen years ag, I tk a summer vacatin in Lecce in suthern Italy. After climbing up a hill fr a panramic(全景的) view f the blue sea, white buildings and green live trees, I paused t catch my breath and then psitined myself t take the best pht f this panrama.
Unfrtunately, just as I tk ut my camera, a wman apprached frm behind, and planted herself right in frnt f my view. Like me, this wman was here t stp, sigh and appreciate the view.
Patient as I was, after abut 15 minutes, my camera scanning the sun and reviewing the sht I wuld eventually take, I grew frustrated. Was it t much t ask her t mve s I culd take just ne picture f the landscape? Sure, I culd have asked her, but smething prevented me frm ding s. She seemed s cntent in her bservatin. I didn’t want t mess with that.
Anther 15 minutes passed and I grew bred. The wman was still there. I decided t take the pht anyway. And nw when I lk at it, I think her presence in the pht is what makes the image interesting. The landscape, beautiful n its wn, smehw cms t life and breathes because this wman is engaging with it.
This pht, with the unique beauty that unflded befre me and that wman wh “ruined” it, nw hangs n a wall in my bedrm. What wuld she think if she knew that her figure is captured(捕捉) and frzen n sme stranger’s bedrm wall? A bedrm, after all, is a very private space, in which sme wman I dn’t even knw has been immrtalized(使……永存). In sme ways, she lives in my huse.
Perhaps we all live in each thers’ space. Perhaps this is what phts are fr: t remind us that we all appreciate beauty, that we all share a cmmn desire fr pleasure, fr cnnectin, fr smething that is greater than us.
That pht is a reminder, a captured mment, an unspken cnversatin between tw wmen, separated nly by a thin square f glass.
41. What happened when the authr was abut t take a pht?
A. Her camera stpped wrking.
B. A wman blcked her view.
C. Smene asked her t leave
D. A friend apprached frm behind.
42. Accrding t the authr, the wman was prbably_______.
A. enjying herself
B. lsing her patience
C. waiting fr the sunset
D. thinking abut her past
43. In the authr’s pinin, what makes the pht s alive?
A. The rich clr f the landscape.
B. The perfect psitining f the camera.
C. The wman’s existence in the pht.
D. The sft sunlight that summer day.
44. The pht n the bedrm wall enables the authr t better understand ________.
A. the need t be clse t nature
B. the imprtance f private space
C. the jy f the vacatin in Italy
D. the shared passin fr beauty
45. The passage can be seen as the authr’s reflectins upn _______.
A. a particular life experience
B. the pleasure f traveling
C. the art f phtgraphy
D. a lst friendship
【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了作者一次旅行的特殊经历带给作者的深思和感悟。
【解析】本文属于说明文。作者通过讲述作者在无奈的情况下拍摄的一张被一位女士干扰的照片的故事，向读者描述了这样的照片反而显得更生动，我们应该懂得共享美丽，理解分享美丽的重要性。
41.【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段句子Unfrtunately, just as I tk ut my camera, a wman apprached frm behind, and planted herself right in frnt f my view.可知，当作者要拍照时，一位女士挡住了她的视线。故选B。
【考点】考查细节理解。
42.【答案】A 【解析】根据第三段的句子She seemed s cntent in her bservatin.她好像那么的满足于她的观察（欣赏风景），即在作者看来，那个妇女很可能很愉快。故选A。
【考点】考查细节理解。
43.【答案】C【解析】根据第四段的句子 The landscape, beautiful n its wn, smehw cms t life and breathes because this wman is engaging with it可以判断出作者认为是因为照片中有了这个妇女的存在使这张照片有了活力和生机.。故选C。
【考点】考查细节理解。
44.【答案】D 【解析】根据倒数第二段中Perhaps this is what phts are fr: t remind us that we all appreciate beauty,可以判断出：挂在卧室墙上的照片使作者更好的理解了人们共有的欣赏追求美的激情 。故选D。
【考点】考查推理判断。
45.【答案】A 【解析】通读全文可知，前四段讲述这次印度旅行的特殊经历，后三段讲述这次特殊经历带给作者的感悟， 所以这篇文章可以看做是作者对于一次特殊经历的深入思考。故选A。
【考点】考查推理判断。
19.【2017·天津卷】C
This mnth, Germany’s transprt minister, Alexander Dbrindt, prpsed the first set f rules fr autnmus vehicles(自主驾驶车辆). They wuld define the driver’s rle in such cars and gvern hw such cars perfrm in crashes where lives might be lst.
The prpsal attempts t deal with what sme call the “death valley” f autnmus vehicles: the grey area between semi-autnmus and fully driverless cars that culd delay the driverless future.
Dbrindt wants three things: that a car always chses prperty(财产) damage ver persnal injury; that it never distinguishes between humans based n age r race; and that if a human remves his r her hands frm the driving wheel — t check email, say — the car’s maker is respnsible if there is a crash.
“The change t the rad traffic law will permit fully autmatic driving,” says Dbrindt. It will put fully driverless cars n an equal legal fting t human drivers, he says.
Wh is respnsible fr the peratin f such vehicles is nt clear amng car makers, cnsumers and lawyers. “The liability(法律责任) issue is the biggest ne f them all,” says Natasha Merat at the University f Leeds, UK.
An assumptin behind UK insurance fr driverless cars, intrduces earlier this year, insists that a human “ be watchful and mnitring the rad” at every mment.
But that is nt what many peple have in mind when thinking f driverless cars. “When yu say ‘driverless cars’, peple expect driverless cars.”Merat says. “Yu knw — n driver.”
Because f the cnfusin, Merat thinks sme car makers will wait until vehicles can be fully autmated withut peratin.
Driverless cars may end up being a frm f public transprt rather than vehicles yu wn, says Ryan Cal at Stanfrd University, Califrnia. That is happening in the UK and Singapre, where gvernment-prvided driverless vehicles are being launched.
That wuld g dwn prly in the US, hwever. “The idea that the gvernment wuld take ver driverless cars and treat them as a public gd wuld get abslutely nwhere here,” says Cal.
46. What des the phrase “death valley” in Paragraph 2 refer t?
A. A place where cars ften break dwn.
B. A case where passing a law is impssible.
C. An area where n driving is permitted.
D. A situatin where drivers’ rle is nt clear.
47. The prpsal put frward by Dbrindt aims t __________.
A. stp peple frm breaking traffic rules
B. help prmte fully autmatic driving
C. prtect drivers f all ages and races
D. prevent serius prperty damage
48. What d cnsumers think f the peratin f driverless cars?
A. It shuld get the attentin f insurance cmpanies.
B. It shuld be the main cncern f law makers.
C. It shuld nt cause deadly traffic accidents.
D. It shuld invlve n human respnsibility.
49. Driverless vehicles in public transprt see n bright future in __________.
A. Singapre
B. the UK
C. the US
D. Germany
50. What culd be the best title fr passage?
A. Autnmus Driving: Whse Liability?
B. Fully Autmatic Cars: A New Breakthrugh
C. Autnmus Vehicles: Driver Remved
D. Driverless Cars: Rt f Rad Accidents
【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章记叙了德国交通部长的对于自主驾驶车辆的规章制度的一个提议，引出说明了位于科技前沿的无人驾驶的自动化车辆在英国、新加坡和美国的不同前景。
【答案】
46．D
47．B
48．D
49．C
50．A
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章记叙了德国交通部长的对于自主驾驶车辆的规章制度的一个提议，引出说明了位于科技前沿的无人驾驶的自动化车辆在英国、新加坡和美国的不同前景。
46．【解析】根据第二段内容;The prpsal attempts t deal with what sme call the “death valley” f autnmus vehicles: the grey area between semi-autnmus and fully driverless cars that culd delay the driverless future.注意冒号的作用，就是对死亡谷的解释说明：death valley”指的是制约着无人驾驶汽车未来的半自动化和完全无人驾驶汽车之间的灰色地带即司机的角色不明朗的状况。A，B和C项内容文中根本就没有提到，故选D。
【考点】考查词义猜测。
【考点】考查推理判断。
48．【解析】根据第七段内容But that is nt what many peple have in mind when thinking f driverless cars. “When yu say ‘driverless cars’, peple expect driverless cars.”Merat says. “Yu knw — n driver.” 可知消费者认为对于无人驾驶车辆的运行不应该牵涉到人的责任。故选D。
【考点】考查细节理解。
49．【解析】根据最后一段That wuld g dwn prly in the US, hwever. “The idea that the gvernment wuld take ver driverless cars and treat them as a public gd wuld get abslutely nwhere here,” says Cal.可知公共交通工具中无人驾驶车看不到未来是在美国。故选C。
【考点】考查细节理解。
50．【解析】通读全文可以知道，本文主要讲述了德国交通部长的提议是为了促进无人驾驶车运行，界定了汽车制造方负责，由此在第五段引出全文的主题句:Wh is respnsible fr the peratin f such vehicles is nt clear amng car makers, cnsumers and lawyers. 下面就此展开陈述。所以：自动化驾驶：谁的责任可以概括全文，充当本文题目，故选A。
【考点】考查主旨大意。
20.【2017·天津卷】D
I read smewhere that we spend a full third f ur lives waiting. But where are we ding all f this waiting, and what des it mean t an impatient sciety like urs? T understand the issue, let’s take a lk at three types f “waits”.
The very purest frm f waiting is the Watched-Pt Wait. It is withut dubt the mst annying f all. Take filling up the kitchen sink(洗碗池) as an example. There is abslutely nthing yu can d while this is ging n but keep bth eyes fixed n the sink until it’s full. During these waits, the brain slips away frm the bdy and wanders abut until the water runs ver the edge f the cunter and nt yur scks. This kind f wait makes the waiter helpless and mindless.
A cusin t the Watched-Pt Wait is the Frced Wait. This ne requires a bit f discipline. Prperly preparing packaged ndle sup required a Frced Wait. Directins are very specific. “Bring three cups f water t bil, add mix, simmer three minutes, remve frm heat, let stand five minutes.”I have my dubts that anyne has actually fllwed the prcedures strictly. After all, Frced Waiting requires patience.
Perhaps the mst pwerful type f waiting is the Lucky-Break Wait. This type f wait is unusual in that it is fr the mst part vluntary. Unlike the Frced Wait, which is als vluntary, waiting fr yur lucky break des nt necessarily mean that it will happen.
Turning ne’s life int a waiting game requires faith and hpe, and is strictly fr the ptimists amng us. On the surface it seems as ridiculus as fllwing the directins n sup mixes, but the Lucky-Break Wait well serves thse wh are willing t d it. As lng as ne desn’t cme t rely n it, wishing fr a few gd things t happen never hurts anybdy.
We certainly d spend a gd deal f ur time waiting. The next time yu’re standing at the sink waiting fr it t fill while cking ndle sup that yu’ll have t eat until a large bag f cash falls ut f the sky, dn’t be desperate. Yu’re prbably just as busy as the next guy.
51. While ding a Watched-Pt Wait, we tend t ___________.
A. keep urselves busy
B. get absent-minded
C. grw anxius
D. stay fcused
52. What is the difference between the Frced Wait and the Watched-Pt Wait?\
A. The Frced Wait requires sme self-cntrl.
B. The Frced Wait makes peple passive.
C. The Watched-Pt Wait needs directins.
D. The Watched-Pt Wait engages bdy and brain.
53. What can we learn abut the Lucky-Break Wait?
A. It is less vluntary than the Frced Wait.
B. It desn’t always bring the desired result.
C. It is mre fruitful than the Frced Wait.
D. It desn’t give peple faith and hpe.
54. What des the authr advise us t d the next time we are waiting?
A. Take it seriusly.
B. Dn’t rely n thers.
C. D smething else.
D. Dn’t lse heart.
55. The authr supprts his view by _________.
A. explring varius causes f “waits”.
B. describing detailed prcesses f “waits”.
C. analyzing different categries f “waits”
D. revealing frustrating cnsequences f “waits”
【语篇解读】这是一篇议论文。文章主要通过介绍三种不同种类的等待来论述我们花费大量的时间来等待而且说明自己的观点，充满希望和信念去等待。
51.【答案】B【解析】根据第二段的句子During these waits, the brain slips away frm the bdy and wanders abut until the water runs ver the edge f the cunter and nt yur scks. 可知我们在等待一壶水煮开的时候我们总是心不在焉的。故选B。
【考点】考查细节理解。
52.【答案】A【解析】根据第三段第一句A cusin t the Watched-Pt Wait is the Frced Wait. This ne requires a bit f discipline可知，被迫的等待和留意的等待之间的区别在于被迫的等待需要纪律即自控.，故选A。
【考点】考查细节理解。
53.【答案】B【解析】根据第四段的句子which is als vluntary, waiting fr yur lucky break des nt necessarily mean that it will happen.可知等待你的好运不一定意味着就会发生，即不一定带来渴望的结果 。故选B。
【考点】考查细节理解。
【考点】考查细节理解。
55.【答案】C【解析】通读全文可以知道，作者通过2,3,4段列举了三种类型的等待，最后总结和表明了自己观点，所以判断出作者是通过分析不同种类的等待来支持自己的观点的。故选C。
【考点】考查标题判断。
21.【2017·浙江卷】A
Benjamin West, the father f American painting, shwed his talent fr art when he was nly six years f age. But he did nt knw abut brushes befre a visitr tld him he needed ne. In thse days , a brush was made frm camel’s hair. There were n camels nearby. Benjamin decided that cat hair wuld wrk instead. He cut sme fur frm the family cat t make a brush.
The brush did nt last lng. Sn Benjamin needed mre fur. Befre lng, the catbegan t lk ragged （蓬乱）. His father said that the cat must be sick. Benjamin was frced t admit what he had been ding.
The cat’s lt was abut t imprve. That year, ne f Benjamin’s cusins, Mr.Penningtn, came t visit. He was impressed with Benjamin’s drawings. When he went hme, he sent Benjamin a bx f paint and sme brushes. He als sent six engravings （版画）by an artist. These were the first pictures and first real paint and brushes Benjamin had ever seen. In 1747，when Benjamin was nine years ld，Mr.Penningtn retured fr anther visit .He was amazed at what Benjamin had dne with his gift.He asked Benjamin’s parents if he might take the by t Philadelphia fr a visit.
In the city, Mr.Penningtn gave Benjamin materials fr creating il paintings.The by began a landscape (风景) painting.Wiliams ,a well-knwn painter,came t see him wrk . Wiliams was impressed with Benjamin and gave him tw classic bks n painting t take hme .The bks were lng and dull. Benjamin culd read nly a little,having been a pr student.But he later said,”Thse tw bks were my cmpanins by day,and under my pillw at night.”While it is likely that he understd very little f the bks,they were his intrductin t classical paintings.The nine-year-ld by decided then that he wuld be an artist.
21. What is the text mainly abut?
A. Benjamin’s visit t Philadelphia.
B. Williams’ influence n Benjamin.
C. The beginning f Benjamin’s life as an artist.
D. The friendship between Benjamin and Penningtn.
22. What des the underlined sentence in paragraph 3 suggest?
A. The cat wuld be clsely watched.
B. The cat wuld get sme medical care.
C. Benjamin wuld leave his hme shrtly.
D. Benjamin wuld have real brushes sn.
23. What did Penningtn d t help Benjamin develp his talent?
A. He tk him t see painting exhibitins.
B. He prvided him with painting materials.
C. He sent him t a schl in Philadelphia.
D. He taught him hw t make engravings.
24. Williams’ tw bks helped Benjamin t ________.
A. master the use f paints
B. appreciate landscape paintings
C. get t knw ther painters
D. make up his mind t be a painter
【解析】试题分析：本文属于记叙文，主要讲了美国绘画之父Benjamin在决定要成为一名画家之前的经历。
21．C 中心思想题，文章主要介绍了美国绘画之父Benjamin在决定成为一名画家之前的生活经历，故选C.
22．推理判断题，此句是第三段的首句，所以可根据第三段的大意来推断这句话想要告诉我们什么，这段主要讲了Benjamin的一个表哥由于被Benjamin的绘画才能所打动，所以就送给他一些颜料和一些真正的画笔，所以划线句“猫的境地将要得到改善”是表明Benjamin很快有了真正的画笔，所以不用剪猫的毛来做画笔了，故选D.
23.B细节理解题，根据最后一段“Mr. Penningtn gave Benjamin materials fr creating il paintings”, 可知Penningtn为了帮助Benjamin培养绘画天赋，给他提供了一些绘画材料，故选B.
24.D细节理解题，根据最后一段“While it is likely that he understd very little f the bks, they were his intrductin t classical paintings. The nine-year-ld by decided then that he wuld be an artist, 可知：这两本书帮助Benjamin坚定了自己成为一名画家的决心，故选D.
【考点】考查记叙文阅读
22.【2017·浙江卷】B
Getting less sleep has becme a bad habit fr mst American kids. Accrding t a new survey(调查) by the Natinal Sleep Fundatin, 51% f kids aged 10 t 18 g t bed at 10 pm r later n schl nights, even thugh they have t get up early. Last year the Fundatin reprted that nearly 60% f 7- t 12-year-lds said they felt tired during the day, and 15% said they had fallen asleep at schl.
Hw much sleep yu need depends a lt n yur age. Babies need a lt f rest: mst f them sleep abut 18 hurs a day! Adults need abut eight hurs. Fr mst schl-age children, ten hurs is ideal(理想的). But the new Natinal Sleep Fundatin survey fund that 35% f 10- t 12-year-lds get nly seven r eight hurs. And guess what almst half f the surveyed kids said they d befre bedtime? Watch TV.
“Mre children are ging t bed with TVs n, and there are mre pprtunities(机会) t stay awake, with mre hmewrk, the Internet and the phne,” says Dr. Mary Carskadn, a sleep researcher at Brwn University Medical Schl. She says these activities at bedtime can get kids all excited and make it hard fr them t calm dwn and sleep. Other experts say part f the prblem is chemical. Changing levels f bdy chemicals called hrmnes nt nly make teenagers’ bdies develp adult characteristics, but als make it hard fr teenagers t fall asleep befre 11 pm.
Because sleepiness is such a prblem fr teenagers, sme schl districts have decided t start high schl classes later than they used t. Three years ag, schls in Edina, Minnesta, changed the start time frm 7:25 am t 8:30 am. Students, parents and teachers are pleased with the results.
25. What is the new Natinal Sleep Fundatin survey n?
A. American kids’ sleeping habits. B. Teenagers’ sleep-related diseases.
C. Activities t prevent sleeplessness. D. Learning prblems and lack f sleep.
26. Hw many hurs f sleep d 11-year-lds need every day?
A. 7 hurs. B. 8 hurs. C. 10 hurs. D. 18 hurs.
27. Why d teenagers g t sleep late accrding t Carskadn?
A. They are affected by certain bdy chemicals.
B. They tend t d things that excite them.
C. They fllw their parents’ examples.
D. They dn’t need t g t schl early.
【解析】本文属于调查报告，首先用数据告诉我们美国孩子睡眠状况堪忧，接着告诉我们孩子在不同年龄段需要不同的睡眠时间，然后分析了孩子晚睡的原因，最后介绍了一些学校为了让孩子们有更多的睡眠时间而推迟了上课的时间。
26.C细节理解题，根据第二段“Fr mst schl-age children, ten hurs is ideal”, 所以11岁的上学小孩子的睡眠时间需要10个小时，故选C.
27.B细节理解题，根据第三段“She says these activities at bedtime can get kids all excited and make it hard fr them t calm dwn and sleep”,所以她认为孩子们睡觉晚的原因是他们会在睡前做一些让他们兴奋的活动，故选B.
【考点】考查议论文类阅读
23.【2017·浙江卷】C
FLORENCE, Italy—Svetlana Cjchru feels hurt. The Mldvan has lived here seven years as a caregiver t Italian kids and the elderly, but in rder t stay she’s had t prve her language skills by taking a test which requires her t write a pstcard t an imaginary friend and answer a fictinal jb ad.
Italy is the latest Western Eurpean cuntry trying t cntrl a grwing immigrant(移民) ppulatin by demanding language skills in exchange fr wrk permits, r in sme cases, citizenship.
Sme immigrant advcates wrry that as hard financial times make it mre difficult fr natives t keep jbs, such measures will becme mre a vehicle fr intlerance than integratin(融合). Others say it’s nly natural that newcmers learn the language f their hst natin, seeing it as a cnditin t ensure they can cntribute t sciety.
Other Eurpean cuntries laid dwn a similar requirement fr immigrants, and sme terms are even tugher. The gvernments argue that this will help freigners better jin the sciety and prmte understanding acrss cultures.
Italy, which has a much weaker traditin f immigratin, has witnessed a sharp increase in immigratin in recent years. In 1990, immigrants numbered sme 1.14 millin ut f Italy’s then 56.7 millin peple, r abut 2 percent. At the start f this year, freigners living in Italy amunted t 4.56 millin f a ttal ppulatin f 60.6 millin, r 7.5 percent, with immigrants’ children accunting fr an even larger percentage f births in Italy.
Cjchru, the Mldvan caregiver, hped btaining permanent residence(居住权) wuld help her bring her tw children t Italy; they live with her sister in Mldva, where salaries are amng the lwest in Eurpe. She was skeptical that the language requirement wuld encurage integratin.
Italians always “see me as a freigner,” an utsider, even thugh she’s stayed in the cuntry fr years and can speak the lcal language fluently, she said.
28. Why des Cjchru have t take a language test?
A. T cntinue t stay in Italy. B. T teach her children Italian.
C. T find a better jb in Italy. D. T better mix with the Italians.
29. Sme peple wrry that the new language requirement may ________.
A. reduce Italy’s ppulatin quickly B. cause cnflicts amng peple
C. lead t financial difficulties D. put pressure n schls
30. What d we knw abut Cjchru?
A. She lives with her sister nw in Italy.
B. She enjys learning the Italian language.
C. She speaks Italian well enugh fr her jb.
D. She wishes t g back t her hme cuntry.
【解析】本文属于议论文，首先向我们呈现出这样一种现象：一位叫Svetlana Cjchru的摩尔多瓦人移民到意大利，但为了能够继续留在意大利，她必须进行语言测试；接着向我们阐述对外来民进行语言测试的原因以及对此的不同声音，然后介绍了意大利的移民史，最后告诉我们Cjchru的居住现状：工资水平很低，而且虽然在意大利生活多年，但意大利本地居民仍会把她当作外国人来看。
28.A细节理解题，根据第一段第二句“but in rder t stay she’s had t prve her language skills by taking a test…”可知，Cjchru为了能够继续留在意大利才要参加语言考试的，故选A.
29.B推理判断题，根据第三段第一句“,such measures will becme mre a vehicle fr intlerance than integratin”,可知一些人担心对语言水平的要求可能会造成人与人之间的不包容，即冲突，故选B.
30.C细节理解题，根据最后一段最后一句“,even thugh she ‘s stayed in the cuntry fr years and can speak the lcal language fluently”可知Cjchru的意大利语已经说的很流利了，足够应付工作，故选C.
【考点】考查议论文类阅读
24.【2017·江苏卷】 B
Befre birth, babies can tell the difference between lud sunds and vices. They can even distinguish their mther’s vice frm that f a female stranger. But when it cmes t embrynic learning(胎教), birds culd rule the rst. As recently reprted in The Auk: Ornithlgical Adrances, sme mther birds may teach their yung t sing even befre they hatch(孵化). New-brn chicks can then imitate their mm’s call within a few days f entering the wrld.
This educatinal methd was first bserved in 2012 by Snia Kieindrfer,a bilgist at Flinders University in Suth Australia, and her clleagues. Femake Australian superb fairy wrens were fund t repeat ne sund ver and ver again while hatching their errs, when the errs were hatched, the baby birds made the similar chirp t their mthers—arund that served as their regular “feed me!” call.
T find ut if the special quality was mre widespread in birds, the researchers sught the red-backed fairy wren, anther species f Australian sngbird. First they cllected sund data frm 67 nests in fur sites in Queensland befre and after hatching. Then they identified begging calls by analyzing the rder and number f ntes. A cmputer analysis blindly cmpared calls prduced by mthers and chicks, ranking them by similarity.
It turns ut that baby red-backed fairy wrens als emerge chirping like their mms. And the mre frequently mthers had called t their errs, the mre similar were the babies’ begging calls. In additin, the team set up a separate experiment that suggested that the baby birds that mst clsely imitated their mm’s vice were rewarded with the mst fd.
This bservatin hints that effective embrynic learning culd signal neurlgical(神经系统的) strengths f children t parents. An evlutinary inference can then be drawn.” As a parent, d yu invest in quality children, r d yu invest in children that are in need?” Kleindrfer asks.” Our results suggest that they might be ging fr quality.”
58.The underlined phrase in Paragraph 1 means“ ”.
A. be the wrst B. be the best C. be the as bad D. be just as gd
59.What are Kleindrfer’s findings based n?
A. Similarities between the calls mms and chicks.
B. The bservatin f fairy wrens acrss Australia.
C. The data cllected frm Queensland’s lcals.
D. Cntrlled experiments n wrens and ther birds.
60.Embrynic learning helps mther birds t identify the baby birds which .
A. can receive quality signals B. are in need f training
C. fit the envirnment better D. make the ludest call
【答案】58.B 59.A 60.C
【解析】本文是一篇科普说明文。文章介绍了科技新发现：鸟儿在孵化前母鸟便教它们识别声音了，母亲呼唤它们的鸟蛋越频繁，则它们的孩子越会发出相似的声音；鸟儿的声音越像它们的母亲，则他们获得的食物奖励就越多。
59. A细节理解题。根据第二段“Femake Australian superb fairy wrens were fund t repeat ne sund ver and ver again while hatching their errs”可知，研究发现是对澳大利亚两种会鸟鸣的鸟儿进行了记录，根据第三段“the researchers sught the red-backed fairy wren, anther species f Australian sngbird.”可知，研究人员并未在全澳洲范围展开调查；未对其它鸟类进行记录研究，排除D项。根据倒数第三段“A cmputer analysis blindly cmpared calls prduced by mthers and chicks, ranking them by similarity.”可知，A项正确。
60. C细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“the baby birds that mst clsely imitated their mm’s vice were rewarded with the mst fd”和最后一段“Our results suggest that they might be ging fr quality.”可知，模仿母鸟模仿得最好的雏鸟得到最多的食物，研究结果表明，母亲会选择质量好的雏鸟、孩子。
【考点】考查科普说明文阅读
25.【2017·江苏卷】C
A new cmmdity brings abut a highly prfitable, fast-grwing industry, urging antitrust(反垄断)regulatrs t step in t check thse wh cntrl its flw. A century ag, the resurce in questin was il. Nw similar cncerns are being raised by the giants(巨头) that deal in data, the il f the digital age. The mst valuable firms are Ggle, Amazn, Facebk and Micrsft. All lk unstppable.
Such situatins have led t calls fr the tech giants t be brken up. But size alne is nt a crime. The giants’ success has benefited cnsumers. Few want t live withut search engines r a quick delivery, Far frm charging cnsumers high prices, many f these services are free (users pay, in effect, by handing ver yet mre data). And the appearance f new-brn giants suggests that newcmers can make waves, t.
But there is cause fr cncern. The internet has made data abundant, all-present and far mre valuable, changing the nature f data and cmpetitin. Ggle initially used the data cllected frm users t target advertising better. But recently it has discvered that data can be turned int new services: translatin and visual recgnitin, t be sld t ther cmpanies. Internet cmpanies’ cntrl f data gives them enrmus pwer. S they have a “Gd’s eye view” f activities in their wn markets and beynd.
This nature f data makes the antitrust measures f the past less useful. Breaking up firms like Ggle int five small nes wuld nt stp remaking themselves: in time, ne f them wuld becme great again. A rethink is required—and as a new apprach starts t becme apparent, tw ideas stand ut.
The first is that antitrust authrities need t mve frm the industrial age int the 21st century. When cnsidering a merger(兼并), fr example, they have traditinally used size t determine when t step in. They nw need t take int accunt the extent f firms’ data assets(资产) when assessing the impact f deals. The purchase price culd als be a signal that an established cmpany is buying a new-brn threat. When this takes place, especially when a new-brn cmpany has n revenue t speak f, the regulatrs shuld raise red flags.
The secnd principle is t lsen the cntrl that prviders f n-line services have ver data and give mre t thse wh supply them.Cmpanies culd be frced t cnsumers what infrmatin they hld and hw much mney they make frm it. Gvernments culd rder the sharing f certain kinds f data, with users’ cnsent.
Restarting antitrust fr the infrmatin age will nt be easy But if gvernments dn’t wants a data ecnmy by a few giants, they must act sn.
61.Why is there a call t break up giants?
A. They have cntrlled the data market.B. They cllect enrmus private data.
C. They n lnger prvide free services.D. They dismissed sme new-brn giants.
62.What des the technlgical innvatin in Paragraph 3 indicate?
A. Data giants’ technlgy is very expensive.B. Ggle’s idea is ppular amng data firms
C. Data can strengthen giants’ cntrlling psitin.D. Data can be turned int new services r prducts
63.By paying attentin t firms’ data assets, antitrust regulatrs culd .
A. kill a new threatB. avid the size trap
C. favur bigger firmsD. charge higher prices
64.What is the purpse f lsening the giants’ cntrl f data?
A. Big cmpanies culd relieve data security pressure.
B. Gvernments culd relieve their financial pressure.
C. Cnsumers culd better prtect their privacy.
D. Small cmpanies culd get mre pprtunities.
【答案】61.A 62. C 63.B 64.D
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了数据信息垄断企业的发展导致的后果以及反垄断的措施、对反对数据垄断的未来展望。
61．A细节理解题。根据第一段第三句Nw similar cncerns ares being raised by the giants（巨头）that deal in data, the il f the digital age.和第二段第一句Such situatins have led t calls fr the tech giants t be brken up.可知，人们呼吁打破垄断的原因是因为数据信息垄断机构控制了数据市场，故选A项。注意B项中private data，文中并没有提到私人数据，是易错项。
62.C 推理判断题。根据第三段“Internet cmpanies’ cntrl f data gives them enrmus pwer. S they have a “Gd’s eye view” f activities in their wn markets and beynd.”可知，互联网公司对数据的掌控使得它们拥有了很大的权力，说明数据会加强大公司的统治地位。
63.B 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“The first is that antitrust authrities need t mve frm the industrial age int the 21st century. When cnsidering a merger(兼并), fr example, they have traditinally used size t determine when t step in. They nw need t take int accunt the extent f firms’ data assets(资产) when assessing the impact f deals.”可知，以前介入的标准是看公司的规模，而现在是把数据库的范围考虑在内。
64.D推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Cmpanies culd be frced t cnsumers what infrmatin they hld
and hw many mney they make frm it. Gvernments with users’ cnsent.”可知，由于大公司垄断数据信息，不利于小公司更好地服务消费者，也不利于政府开展工作。弱化这种垄断将会给小公司带去更多的发展机会。
【考点】考查科普说明文阅读
26.【2017·江苏卷】D
Old Prblem, New Appraches
While clean energy is increasingly used in ur daily life, glbal warning will cntinue fr sme decades after CO2 emissins(排放) peak. S even if emissin were t begin decrease tday, we wuld still face the challenge f adapting t climate. Here I will stress sme smarter and mre creative examples f climate adaptatin.
When it cmes t adaptatin, it is imprtant t understand that climate change is a prcess. We are therefre nt talking abut adapting t a new standard, but t a cnstantly shifting set f cnditins. This is why in part at least, the US Natinal Climate Assessment says that: “there is n ‘ne-size fit all’ adaptatin.” Nevertheless, there are sme actins that ffer much and carry little risk r cst.
Arund the wrld peple are adapting in surprising ways, especially in sme pr cuntries, Flds have sme mre damaging in Bangladesh in recent decades. Mhammed Rezwan saw pprtunity where thers saw nly disaster. His nt-fr-prfit rganizatin runs 100 river bats that server as flating libraries, schls, and health clinics, and are equipment with slar panels and ther cmmunicatin facilities. Rezwan is creating flating cnnectivity (连体) t replace flded rads and highways. But he is als wrking at a far mre fundamental level: his staff peple hw t make flating gardens fish pnds prevent starvatin during the wet seasn.
Arund the wrld, peple are adapting in surprising ways, especially in sme pr cuntries, Fllds have becme mre damaging in Bangladesh in recent decades. Mbammed Rezwan saw pprtunity where thers saw nly disaster. His nt-fr-prfit rganizatin runs 100 river bats that serve as flating libraries, schds, and health clinics, and are equipped with slar panels and ther cmmunicating facilities. Rezwan is creating flating cnmetivity(连接) t replace flded rads and highways. But he is als wrking at a far mre fundamental level: his staff shw peple hw t make flating gardens and fish pnds t prevent starvatin during the wet seasn.
Elsewhere in Asia even mre astnishing actins are being taken. Chewang. Nphel lives in a muntainus regin in India, where he is knwn as the Ice Man. The lss f glaciers(冰川)there due t glbal warming represents an enrmus threat t agriculture. Withut the glaciers, water will arrive in the rivers at times when it can damage crps. Nrphel’s inspiratin cme frm seeing the waste f water ver winter, when it was nt needed. He directed the wasted water int shallw basins where it frze, and was stred until the spring. His fields f ice supply perfectly timed irrigatin(灌溉) water. Having created nine such ice reserves. Nphel calculates that he has stred abut 200, 000m3 f water. Climate change is a cntinuing prcess, s Nrhel’s ice reserves will nt last frever. Warming will vertake them. But he is prviding a few years during which the farmers will, perhaps, be able t find ther means f adapting.
Increasing Earth’s reflectiveness can cl the planet. In suthern Spain the sudden increase f greenhuses (which reflect light back t space) has changed the warming trend lcally, and actually cled the regin. While Spain as a whle is heating up quickly, temperatures near the greenhuses have decreased. This example shuld act as an inspiratin fr all cities. By painting buildings white, cities may slw dwn the warming prcess.
In Peni, lcal farmers arund a muntain with a glacier that has already fallen victim t climate change have begun painting the entire muntain peak white in the hpe that the added reflectiveness will restre the life-giving ice. The utcme is still far frm clear, But the Wrld Bank has included the prject n its f ‘100 ideas t save the planet”.
Mre rdinary frms f adaptatin are happening everywhere. A friend f mine wns an area f land in western Victria. Over five generatins the land has been t wet fr crpping. But during the past decade declining rainfall has allws him t plant highly prfitable crps. Farmers in many cuntries are als adapting like this—either by grwing new prduce, r by grwing the same things differently. This is cmmn sense, But sme suggestins fr adapting are nt. When the plluting industries argue that we’ve lst the battle t cntrl carbn pllutin and have n chice but t adapt, it’s a nnsense designed t make the case fr business as usual.
Human beings will cntinue t adapt t the changing climate in bth rdinary and astnishing ways. But the mst sensible frm f adaptatin is surely t adapt ur energy systems t emit less carbn pllutin. After all, if we adapt in the way, we may avid the need t change in s many thers.
65.The underlined part in Paragraph 2 implies .
A. adaptatin is an ever-changing prcessB. the cst f adaptatin varies with time
C. glbal warming affects adaptatin frmsD. adaptatin t climate change is challenging
66.What is special with regard t Rezwan’s prject?
A. The prject receives gvernment supprt.B. Different rganizatins wrk with each ther.
C. His rganizatin makes the best f a bad situatin.D. The prject cnnects flded rads and highways.
67.What did the Ice Man d t reduce the effect f glbal warming?
A. String ice fr future use.B. Prtecting the glaciers frm melting.
C. Changing the irrigatin time.D. Pstpning the melting f the glaciers.
68.What d we learn frm the Peru example?
A. White paint is usually safe fr buildings.B. The glbal warming tread cannt be stpped.
C. This cuntry is heating up t quickly.D. Sunlight reflectin may relieve glbal warming.
69.Accrding t the authr, plluting industries shuld .
A. adapt t carbn pllutinB. plant highly prfitable crps
C. leave carbn emissin alneD. fight against carbn pllutin
70.What’s the authr’s preferred slutin t glbal warming?
A. setting up a new standard.B. Reducing carbn emissin.
C. Adapting t climate change.D. Mnitring plluting industries.
【答案】65. A 66. C 67. A 68.D 69.D 70. B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了世界各地应对全球变暖的方法。
66. C 细节理解题。根据第四段“Mhammed Rezwan saw pprtunity where thers saw nly disaster.”可知，Rezwan会从危机中看到机遇，会充分利用现有条件。
67. A 细节理解题。根据第五段“Nrphel’s inspiratin cme frm seeing the waste f water ver winter, when it was nt needed. He directed the wasted water int shallw basins where it frze, and was stred until the spring. ”可知，把冰川融化后的水储存起来以备不时之需，是减少气候变暖危害的方法之一。
68. D 推理判断题。根据倒数第四段“By painting buildings white, cities may slw dwn the warming prcess.”和倒数第三段“painting the entire muntain peak white in the hpe that the added reflectiveness will restre the life-giving ice”可知，将墙壁涂成白色是利用了光的反射原理，这样可以缓解气候变暖。
69. D 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“When the plluting industries argue that we’ve lst the battle t cntrl carbn pllutin and have n chice but t adapt, it’s a nnsense”可知，作者不赞成“我们已经在与碳污染的斗争中失败了”这样的说法，说明作者建议污染企业行动起来。
70. B推理判断题。根据最后一段“But the mst sensible frm f adaptatin is surely t adapt ur energy systems t emit less carbn pllutin.”可知，作者认为，最合理的方法仍然是减少二氧化碳的排放。
【考点】环保类短文阅读
Activity
Descriptin
Member f staff
Cst
Outdr Adventure (OUT)
Take yurself ut f yur cmfrt zne fr a week, discver new persnal qualities, and learn new skills. Yu will be able t take part in a number f activities frm caneing t wild camping n Dartmr. Learn rck climbing and wrk as a team, and enjy the great utdr envirnment.
Mr. Clemens
£140
WWI Battlefields
and Paris
(WBP)
On Mnday we travel t Lndn. After staying vernight in Lndn, we travel n Day 2 t nrthern France t visit the Wrld War I battlefields. On Day 3 we crss int Belgium. Thursday sees us make the shrt jurney t Paris where we will visit Disneyland Paris park, staying until late t see the parade and the firewrks. Our final day, Friday, sees us visit central Paris and tur the main sights.
Mrs. Milsn
£425
Crafty
Fxes
(CRF)
Fur days f prduct design centred arund textiles. Making lvely bjects using recycled and made materials. Bags, cushins and decratinsLearn skills and leave with mdern and unusual textiles.
Mrs. Gde
£30
Ptty abut Ptter
(POT)
Visit Warner Brs Studi, shp stp t buy picnic, stay vernight in an apprved Yuth Hstel in Streatley-n -Thames, guided tur f Oxfrd t see the film lcatins, picnic lunch utside Oxfrd’s Christchurch, bating n the River Cherwell thrugh the University Parks, befre heading back t Exeter.
Miss Drake
£150