安徽省合肥市第一中学等校2023_2024学年高二下学期期末联考英语试题

这是一份安徽省合肥市第一中学等校2023_2024学年高二下学期期末联考英语试题，共22页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，完形填空，语法填空，书信写作，书面表达等内容，欢迎下载使用。

一、阅读理解
The Best Writing Cntests fr High Schl StudentsSchlastic Art and Writing Awards
●Award Amunt: $1,000 t $12,500 schlarships
●Deadline: Varies between December and January, depending n yur regin
●Fee: $10 fr single entry, $30 fr prtfli (作品选辑)
The Schlastic Art and Writing Awards celebrate art by students in grades seven thrugh twelve (age 13 r lder) n a reginal and natinal scale. Categries include science-fictin and fantasy writing, humr, critical essays, and dramatic scripts.Ocean Awareness Cntest
●Award Amunt: Schlarships up t $1,500
●Deadline: June 13, 2023
●Fee: Nne
The Ocean Awareness Cntest asks students t cnsider the future f a castal r marine species that is under threat frm climate change. Submissins are accepted in a variety f art frms. The cntest is pen t all internatinal and US students between the ages f 11 and 18.River f Wrds
●Award: Publicatin in the River f Wrds anthlgy
●Deadline: January 31, 2023
●Fee: Nne
The River f Wrds cntest asks students t cnsider watersheds -an area that drains int the same bdy f water-and hw they cnnect with their lcal cmmunity. Students can explre this cncept in art r petry. The cntest is pen t Internatinal and US students frm kindergarten t grade 12 (ages 5 thrugh 19).YungArts Cmpetitin
●Award Amunt: Up t $10,000 cash awards
●Deadline: Octber 15, 2023
●Fee: $35
Open t students in a variety f disciplines, including visual arts, writing, and music, the YungArts cmpetitin asks students t submit a prtfli f wrk. Applicants must be 15- t 18-year-ld US citizens r permanent residents, r in grades 10 thrugh 12 at the time f submissin.
1．What can we knw abut the Schlastic Art and Writing Awards?
A．The deadline is nt fixed.B．Entries can take any frm.
C．It has the lwest cash awards.D．It is pen t students wrldwide.
2．What d Ocean Awareness Cntest and River f Wrds have in cmmn?
A．They have the same clsing date.B．Winners can get their wrks issued.
C．Students dn’t have t pay an entry fee.D．The age limit fr applicants is the same.
3．Wh can participate in the YungArts Cmpetitin?
A．Nancy, a cllege graduate majring in literature.
B．Kevin, a 12-year-ld English by studying music.
C．Adam, a high schl freshman wh excels at sprts.
D．Mary, a 16-year-ld American girl wh lves writing.
Bruce, a kea (啄羊鹦鹉), misses his upper beak (鸟喙), giving the live green parrt a lk f surprise. But scientists are the astnished nes.
The typical kea has a lng, sharp beak, perfect fr digging insects ut f rtten lgs r ripping rts frm the grund in New Zealand’s frests. Bruce has been missing the upper part f his beak since at least 2012 when he was rescued and sent t live at the Willwbank Wildlife Reserve in Christchurch.
The defect prevents Bruce frm searching fr fd n his wn. Keeping his feathers clean als becmes an impssible task. In 2021, when cmparative psychlgist Amalia Basts arrived at the reserve with clleagues t study keas, the zkeepers reprted smething dd: Bruce had seemingly figured ut hw t use small stnes t preen (用喙整理羽毛).
“We were like, ‘Well, that’s weird,’” says Basts. Over nine days, the team kept a clse eye n Bruce, quickly taking vides if he started cleaning his feathers. It turned ut that Bruce had indeed invented his wn way t preen, the researchers reprted in Scientific Reprts.
First, Bruce selects the prper tl, rlling pebbles (鹅卵石) arund in his muth with his tngue and spitting ut candidates until he finds ne he likes, usually smething pinty. Next, he hlds the pebble between his tngue and lwer beak. Then, he picks thrugh his feathers.
“It’s crazy because the behavir was nt there frm the wild,” Basts says. Bruce was t yung t have learned hw t preen when he arrived at Willwbank. N ther bird in the reserve uses pebbles in this way. “It seems like he just innvated this tl use fr himself. It demnstrates a really flexible intelligence because it means he’s been able t create his wn slutin t a prblem unique t him,” Basts says.
4．What d we knw frm the first tw paragraphs?
A．Bruce was brn in a reserve.B．Bruce has a physical disability.
C．Keas are an endangered species.D．New Zealand is the nly habitat f keas.
5．What did the researchers initially think f Bruce’s behavir?
A．It was nrmal.B．It was dangerus.
C．It was very strange.D．It was ttally unacceptable.
6．What des paragraph 5 mainly talk abut?
A．What led t Bruce’s special behavir.B．Hw Bruce uses tls t preen himself.
C．Why Bruce needs t keep feathers clean.D．Hw zkeepers rescued Bruce frm danger.
7．Which f the fllwing can best describe Bruce accrding t Basts?
A．A creative player.B．An innvative partner.
C．A smart prblem-slver.D．An ambitius self-starter.
Researchers at the Université de Mntreal have fund that ur favrite music, particularly the emtins brught n by listening t bittersweet music, might be an effective, drug-free way f lwering ur perceptin f pain.
Music has lng been knwn t have a hypalgesic effect, meaning that it causes a decreased sensitivity t painful stimuli (刺激物). But t test which kind f music was mst effective fr reducing pain, 63 participants received mderately painful heat stimuli t the inner frearm, resulting in a sensatin similar t a ht teacup being held against the skin. The pain was paired with shrt pieces f music, each lasting arund seven minutes.
Listening t their favrite music strngly reduced pain intensity and unpleasantness in participants, cmpared t cntrl tracks r silence. Unfamiliar relaxing tracks did nt have the same effect.
The researchers then interviewed participants abut their favrite sngs and cnducted an analysis abut fur themes related t categries f emtinal experience: energizing/activating, happy/cheerful, calming/relaxing, and mving/bittersweet. They wanted t see whether emtin themes culd mdulate the hypalgesic effect f favrite music. “We fund that reprts f mving r bittersweet emtinal experiences seem t result in lwer ratings f pain unpleasantness, which was driven by mre intense enjyment f the music and mre musical chills,” said Valevicius.
While they dn’t define “musical chills” in their paper, the researchers pint t previus neurlgical studies that suggest a dpamine (多巴胺) pathway in the brain may be fundamental t bth the enjyment f music and music-induced chills. In sme peple, the researchers say, chills can appear as a tingling sensatin, shivers, r gsebumps.
8．What is the cmmn view abut music?
A．It has a pain-decreasing effect.B．It can enhance brain develpment.
C．It is a universal language f mankind.D．It may reduce feelings f pressure and depressin.
9．What des the underlined wrd “mdulate” in paragraph 4 prbably mean?
A．Ruin.B．Imprve.C．Judge.D．Adjust.
10．What can be learned abut musical chills?
A．They will be further studied by researchers.
B．They have been defined in previus studies.
C．They may be related t dpamine in the brain.
D．They cntribute little t the enjyment f music.
11．What’s the text mainly abut?
A．Listening t music can make us mre fcused.
B．Music is a pwerful tl fr bsting ur md.
C．Emtinal pain has an impact n ur physical health.
D．Our favrite bittersweet music may help relieve pain.
In the Rman times and thrughut the Middle Ages, salt was a valuable cmmdity (商品), and als served as “white gld”. Sldiers in the Rman army were smetimes paid with salt instead f mney. Their mnthly allwance was called “salarium” (“sal” being the Latin wrd fr salt). This Latin rt can be recgnized in the French wrd “salaire” and it eventually made it int English as the wrd “salary”.
Language is smething we take fr granted. Hwever, as the example with the wrd “salary” shws, languages are nt static. Like bilgical species, languages change ver time, and smetimes develp t give rise t several descendant (后代) languages. Fr example, French, Italian, and Spanish are amng the languages that have evlved frm Latin. And like species, languages can g extinct, t.
Given all these similarities, linguists (语言学家) wh study the evlutin f languages ften use tls that are similar t thse used by evlutinary bilgists. One such tl is the recnstructin f a species tree. Such a tree shws the evlutinary histry and relatinships within a given grup f bilgical species.
Using a recnstructed species tree, evlutinary bilgists can ften infer specific characteristics f ancestral species. Or they can match up cmmn ancestrs in the tree with actual fssils that have been fund by palentlgists (古生物学家). This allws them t put real dates at varius branching pints in the tree. Thus, species tree recnstructin is an essential tl in studying bilgical evlutin.
A similar technique can be used t study language evlutin because languages als evlve and cnsist f wrds that can be easily cmpared. Indeed, linguists have recnstructed entire language trees. And as with species trees, characteristics f ancient ancestral languages can be derived (衍生) frm them.
Of curse, there als are sme differences between species evlutin and language evlutin, each requiring unique additinal methds t study them in detail. But, verall, it is fascinating t see hw the basic ideas and research tls f language evlutin are similar t thse f bilgical evlutin.
12．Why des the authr mentin the wrd “salary” in paragraph 1?
A．T illustrate the evlutin f language.
B．T present the effect f Latin n languages.
C．T stress the value f salt in ancient times.
D．T shw develpments in linguistic thery.
13．What can we infer frm paragraph 2?
A．Cultural diversity and bidiversity are linked.
B．Species and languages have a lt in cmmn.
C．Human-caused mass extinctin is accelerating.
D．Languages influence and learn frm each ther.
14．What can we knw abut the recnstructed species tree?
A．It is currently in the design stage.B．It facilitates the research f linguists.
C．It can be used in a variety f ways.D．It is the first chice fr bilgists.
15．What can be the best title fr the text?
A．The Language System Evlved Over Time
B．The Twin Extinctins f Species and Languages
C．Salt Played a Crucial Rle in Early Human Histry
D．Frm Salt t Salary: Linguists Take a Page frm Bilgy
As yu prepare t enter the wrkfrce, here are fur tips that may help set yurself up fr authentic career cnfidence.
Figure ut which balls are plastic and which are glass. 16 And early n, yu may feel as if everything is at the tp f yur t-d list. There are nly s many hurs in the day, and there will inevitably be times when yu can’t accmplish everything. S, if yu’re ging t drp the ball n smething, be strategic. Chse t drp balls that will bunce and nt break.
Prepare prperly. T little preparatin and yu will have t wing it (临时应付). 17 Cnserve yur time and energy and struggle t find what feels just right fr yu. Maximize yur efficiency in preparing fr a particular task.
18 Celebrating aspects f ur careers is nt, and shuld nt be, limited t a big win. Otherwise, mst f us wuld rarely celebrate anything, and ur prfessinal existence wuld be dull. Celebrating isn’t just abut blwing yur wn hrn. 19 In this way, celebratin can enable greater cnfidence.
Darken the sptlight. Keep in mind that n ne is scrutinizing (审视) yu the way that yu’re scrutinizing yurself. Due t the sptlight effect, we have a tendency t verestimate the degree t which thers care abut ur successes r failures. 20 After all, yu have a 100% track recrd f surviving prfessinal challenges, even if they didn’t quite g as yu hped.
A．Celebrate gd times and cme n.
B．Celebrate yur big wins.
C．Any career is full f tasks and respnsibilities
D．Building real cnfidence is vital fr career success.
E．S dn’t care hw yu will be viewed.
F．It’s als abut acknwledging and appreciating yur effrts.
G．T much preparatin and yu will have wasted precius time.
二、完形填空
Inspired by the bk Tarzan and the Apes, Jane Gdall decided that she wanted t g t Africa t study animals. Peple thught thse 21 were just fr bys. But Jane’s mther 22 her daughter.
Once in Africa, Jane met the famus scientists Luis and Mary Leakey. Luis was 23 by Jane and hired her t wrk as his secretary. After a few years, he 24 Jane t the Gmbe Preserve t study chimpanzees.
But it wasn’t as simple as packing her bags and 25 int the frest. The managers f the preserve thught that Jane, as ne f the first wmen in primatlgy (灵长类动物学), wuldn’t be 26 wrking in the wilderness. There were 27 animals t wrry abut. Instead f being afraid when she went int the frest fr the first time, Jane has said that she felt like she was “cming hme” t a place where she 28 .
At this pint, she still hadn’t gne t 29 , s she didn’t knw hw 30 nrmally did things. But Jane’s methds 31 t wrk very well! She gave 32 t the animals she bserved, like Greybeard, Gliath, and Fl, instead f numbers. She gt t knw each animal as an 33 and saw that each chimp had a unique persnality, a lt like humans. She als saw them making 34 , which was hard fr ther scientists at the time t believe.
After Jane had spent a few years 35 chimpanzees, she attended Cambridge University t earn a dctral degree. Just as she decided she wuld when she was 10 years ld, she finally wrte several bks n her experiences with the apes.
21．A．experiencesB．adventuresC．prgramsD．prjects
22．A．supprtedB．prtectedC．questinedD．refused
23．A．mtivatedB．replacedC．impressedD．accmpanied
24．A．frcedB．persuadedC．instructedD．sent
25．A．headingB．fallingC．integratingD．breaking
26．A．availableB．helpfulC．safeD．selected
27．A．endangeredB．rareC．wildD．dangerus
28．A．belngedB．remainedC．recalledD．served
29．A．grundB．curtC．cllegeD．prisn
30．A．parentsB．researchersC．wmenD．fficials
31．A．wn utB．sprang upC．went nD．turned ut
32．A．namesB．gesturesC．rdersD．pictures
33．A．alternativeB．individualC．adultD．assistant
34．A．sundsB．mistakesC．tlsD．plans
35．A．srtingB．trainingC．treatingD．bserving
三、语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
As the very definitin f classical beauty in China, West Lake is very 36 (attract): hills rise ver willw-lined waters as bats drift slwly and leisurely. Walkways, parks, gardens and perfectly 37 (psitin) benches arund the banks f the lake ffer a thusand and ne vantage pints (有利位置) fr visitrs 38 (admire) the beautiful scenery.
The lake, 39 had been a lagn near the Qiantang River, came int 40 (exist) in the 8th century. At that time, the gvernr f Hangzhu had the marshy areas dredged (挖掘). Later, gardens 41 (build), and causeways and islands were cnstructed frm dredged silt (淤泥).
The famus pet Su Dngp had a hand in the lake’s develpment, 42 (cnstruct) the Su Causeway during his time as the lcal gvernr in the 1lth century. It wasn’t an riginal idea-sme 200 years 43 (early), the pet-gvernr Bai Juyi had already cnstructed a causeway which was later referred t 44 the Bai Causeway in his hnur. Lined by willw, plum and peach trees, tday 45 traffic-free causeways with their half-mn bridges make fr restful utings.
四、书信写作
46．为了创建和谐校园，增进同学间的友谊，你校在上周末邀请专家进行了主题为“如何解决人际交往矛盾，促进同学和谐相处”的讲座。假定你是校英文报记者李华，请你就此讲座写一篇英文报道，内容包括：
1. 讲座内容;
2. 讲座反响。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右;
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
A Cnstructive Speech
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五、书面表达
47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
“Helen! Are yu cming?” a vice called frm dwnstairs. “Yes,” Helen replied, quickly putting n her slightly tight dress. “Where are we ging, Dad?” she asked, surprised by this rare pprtunity t spend time with her father. He had been wrking tirelessly t supprt the family.
“We’re ff t cllect the rent,” he respnded. “Oh,” she understd. The rent was their lifeline during the Great Depressin (经济大萧条), and ging withut it was unthinkable.
Their first stp was at the hme f Mrs. Miller, wh quickly handed them the rent in dllar bills. But the secnd tenant (租客) Mr. Schmidt was still searching his hme fr cins when they arrived. Aplgizing, he gave them a bag full f cins.
The third tenants, the Katzes, wrried Helen and her father. Their financial struggles had wrsened, even thugh Helen’s father had reduced their rent. He said it was imprtant t be especially cnsiderate t this family because Mr. Katz had served in the army and deserved their gratitude.
Mrs. Katz greeted them at the dr, her eyes red frm crying. Despite their financial difficulties, the inside f the apartment was always immaculately clean (一尘不染). Mr. Katz and the tw children were sitting at the table, waiting fr them. The family all had such gaunt (枯瘦的) faces. Helen was embarrassed, suddenly, by her wn gd health. It felt like a mark f her guilt when she saw the little girl’s narrw, sad face and the by’s large eyes.
Mr. Katz gave Helen’s father the mney he was hlding, and her father thanked him. Just as they were abut t leave, Mrs. Katz’s trembling vice stpped them. She said, “Mr. Resnick, we haven’t eaten in tw days.” Helen culdn’t imagine such a thing. Her stmach ached just t think f it.
They returned t the table, and Helen’s father silently placed the Katzes’ rent mney back n it and cunted ut tw dllars in cins. “Helen,” he said, “I want yu t g t the grcer’s with this mney, buy fd, and bring it back here.”
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150个左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Helen ndded, tk the mney, and rushed ff t the grcer’s.
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Everyne’s eyes turned t Helen as she entered Mr. Katz’s huse.
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参考答案：
1．A 2．C 3．D
【导语】这是一篇应用文，文章主要介绍了四个适合高中生参加的写作比赛。
1．细节理解题。根据Schlastic Art and Writing Awards部分中“Deadline: Varies between December and January, depending n yur regin(截止日期：根据你所在的地区，从12月到1月不等)”可知，这个比赛参赛作品的提交截止日期依地区而定，不是固定的。故选A项。
2．细节理解题。根据第二个和第三个比赛部分中“Fee: Nne(费用：免费)”可知，这两个比赛的共同之处在于参赛的学生都不用交报名费。故选C项。
3．细节理解题。根据YungArts Cmpetitin部分中“Applicants must be 15- t 18-year-ld US citizens r permanent residents, r in grades 10 thrugh 12 at the time f submissin.(申请人必须是15至18岁的美国公民或永久居民，或在提交时在10至12年级)”可知，16岁喜欢写作的美国女孩Mary符合该要求。故选D项。
4．B 5．C 6．B 7．C
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了一只名为Bruce的啄羊鹦鹉，它失去了上喙，无法自行觅食和清理羽毛。然而，Bruce展现出惊人的智慧，学会了使用小石头来整理自己的羽毛。
4．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Bruce, a kea (啄羊鹦鹉), misses his upper beak (鸟喙)”（Bruce是一只啄羊鹦鹉，它失去了上喙）和第二段中“Bruce has been missing the upper part f his beak since at least 2012 when he was rescued and sent t live at the Willwbank Wildlife Reserve in Christchurch.”（自2012年被救并送往克赖斯特彻奇市的Willwbank野生动物保护区以来，Bruce的上喙就一直缺失。）可知，Bruce没有上喙，身体有缺陷。故选B项。
5．细节理解题。根据第四段中““We were like, ‘Well, that’s weird,’” says Basts.（Basts说，“我们想，‘嗯，这很奇怪。’”）可知，Basts和其他研究人员最初认为Bruce的行为很奇怪。故选C项。
6．主旨大意题。根据第五段“First, Bruce selects the prper tl, rlling pebbles (鹅卵石) arund in his muth with his tngue and spitting ut candidates until he finds ne he likes, usually smething pinty. Next, he hlds the pebble between his tngue and lwer beak. Then, he picks thrugh his feathers.”（首先，Bruce选择合适的工具，用舌头把鹅卵石在嘴里滚来滚去，然后吐出来，直到找到他喜欢的，通常是尖的东西。接下来，他把鹅卵石夹在舌头和下喙之间。然后，他梳理他的羽毛。）可知，本段主要描述了Bruce如何使用工具来整理自己的羽毛。故选B项。
7．推理判断题。根据最后一段中Basts的话“It seems like he just innvated this tl use fr himself. It demnstrates a really flexible intelligence because it means he’s been able t create his wn slutin t a prblem unique t him,”（看起来他只是为自己发明了这种工具。这显示了一种非常灵活的智慧，因为这意味着他已经能够为自己独有的问题创造出自己的解决方案）可推知，Basts认为Bruce是一个聪明的问题解决者。故选C项。
8．A 9．D 10．C 11．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了一项研究发现听最喜爱的音乐特别是凄美的音乐可能会缓解人们的疼痛感。
8．细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Music has lng been knwn t have a hypalgesic effect, meaning that it causes a decreased sensitivity t painful stimuli (刺激物).(人们早就知道音乐有镇痛作用，这意味着它会降低对疼痛刺激的敏感性)”可知，人们认为音乐具有减轻疼痛的效果。故选A项。
9．词义猜测题。划线词上文“The researchers then interviewed participants abut their favrite sngs and cnducted an analysis abut fur themes related t categries f emtinal experience: energizing/activating, happy/cheerful, calming/relaxing, and mving/bittersweet.(然后，研究人员就他们最喜欢的歌曲采访了参与者，并对与情绪体验类别相关的四个主题进行了分析：激励/激活、快乐/愉快、平静/放松、感动/苦乐参半)”介绍研究人员对参与者进行了关于他们最喜欢的歌曲的采访，并对与情绪体验类别相关的四个主题进行了分析。结合下文“We fund that reprts f mving r bittersweet emtinal experiences seem t result in lwer ratings f pain unpleasantness, which was driven by mre intense enjyment f the music and mre musical chills(我们发现，感人或苦乐参半的情感体验报告似乎会导致较低的痛苦和不愉快评级，这是由更强烈的音乐享受和更多的音乐寒战所驱动的)”可知，“They wanted t see whether emtin themes culd mdulate the hypalgesic effect f favrite music.(他们想看看情感主题是否能mdulate喜爱音乐的镇痛效果。)”指的是：研究人员想知道情感主题是否能“调节”参与者最喜爱的音乐所带来的镇痛效果，mdulate意为“调节”，与Adjust意思相近。故选D项。
10．细节理解题。根据最后一段内容“While they dn’t define ‘musical chills’ in their paper, the researchers pint t previus neurlgical studies that suggest a dpamine (多巴胺) pathway in the brain may be fundamental t bth the enjyment f music and music-induced chills.(虽然他们没有在论文中定义‘音乐寒战’，但研究人员指出，之前的神经学研究表明，大脑中的多巴胺途径可能是音乐享受和音乐引起的寒战的基础)”可知，音乐寒战可能与大脑中的多巴胺有关。故选C项。
11．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第一段“Researchers at the Université de Mntreal have fund that ur favrite music, particularly the emtins brught n by listening t bittersweet music, might be an effective, drug-free way f lwering ur perceptin f pain.(蒙特利尔大学的研究人员发现，我们最喜欢的音乐，尤其是听苦乐参半的音乐所带来的情感，可能是一种有效的、无毒的方式来降低我们对疼痛的感知)”可知，本文主要介绍了一项研究发现听最喜爱的音乐特别是凄美的音乐可能会缓解人们的疼痛感。故选D项。
12．A 13．B 14．B 15．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了语言进化与生物进化有众多相似之处，语言学家从研究自然物种演变的“物种树”中获取灵感，创建了“语言树”。
12．推理判断题。第一段介绍了英语中的“salary”一词的由来。下文介绍了语言进化同物种进化之间的相似性，这种相似性启发语言学家创建类似于物种树的语言树，帮助推进语言研究。由此可推断，作者在第一段提及“salary”是为了说明语言在不断演变。故选A项。
13．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Like bilgical species, languages change ver time, and smetimes develp t give rise t several descendant (后代) languages. Fr example, French, Italian, and Spanish are amng the languages that have evlved frm Latin. And like species, languages can g extinct, t.(就像生物物种一样，语言随着时间的推移而改变，有时会发展出几种后代语言。例如，法语、意大利语和西班牙语就是从拉丁语演变而来的语言之一。而且和物种一样，语言也可能灭绝)”可知，就像生物物种一样，语言会随着时间的推移而变化，有时会“物种化”，产生几种后代语言。就像物种一样，语言也会灭绝。由此可推断，物种和语言有很多相似之处。故选B项。
14．细节理解题。根据第三、四、五段内容可知，语言进化与生物进化有很多相似之处，因此，一些语言学家经常使用与进化生物学家使用的工具相似的工具。物种树是帮助进化生物学家研究生物进化的重要工具，同时也为语言学家提供了灵感，促进了语言学家的研究。故选B项。
15．主旨大意题。作者在第一段以英语中的“salary”一词的例子说明了语言也在进化，进而在下文介绍物种和语言有很多相似之处，物种树启示语言学家创建语言树来推动语言的研究。D项能概括本文大意。故选D项。
16．C 17．G 18．A 19．F 20．E
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章为准备进入职场的人提供了四条建议，帮助他们建立真正的职业自信。
16．根据本段的主题句“Figure ut which balls are plastic and which are glass. (找出哪些是塑料球，哪些是玻璃球。)”可知，本段建议“找出哪些是塑料球，哪些是玻璃球”，也就是要找出重点，分清孰轻孰重。根据设空处下一句中的“And early n, yu may feel as if everything is at the tp f yur t-d list.(一开始，你可能会觉得好像每件事都在你的待办事项列表的顶部。)”可知，设空处的内容应是对职场工作内容的概括。C项“Any career is full f tasks and respnsibilities(任何职业都需要完成各项任务和职责)”符合语境。故选C。
17．根据本段的主题句“Prepare prperly. (适当准备)”可知，本段建议“适当准备”。设空处上一句“T little preparatin and yu will have t wing it (临时应付). (准备得太少，你就只能临场发挥了。)”可知，此处强调准备太少，你将不得不临时抱佛脚，结合选项可知，G项“T much preparatin and yu will have wasted precius time.(准备太多，你会浪费宝贵的时间)”符合语境。G项中的T much preparatin与上一句中的T little preparatin形成对比，precius time与下一句中的yur time呼应。故选G。
18．设空处是本段的主题句，根据本段后面的内容“Celebrating aspects f ur careers is nt, and shuld nt be, limited t a big win. Otherwise, mst f us wuld rarely celebrate anything, and ur prfessinal existence wuld be dull. (庆祝我们职业生涯的方方面面不是，也不应该局限于一场大胜。否则，我们中的大多数人将很少庆祝任何事情，我们的职业生涯将是乏味的。)”可知，本段主要建议我们要庆祝职业生涯的方方面面，而不是只限于庆祝巨大的胜利。A项“Celebrate gd times and cme n.(庆祝好时光，加油)”符合语境。故选A。
19．根据设空处上一句“ Celebrating isn’t just abut blwing yur wn hrn. (庆祝不仅仅是自吹自擂。)”可知，此处强调庆祝不只是吹嘘你的胜利。F项“It’s als abut acknwledging and appreciating yur effrts.(它也是认可和赞赏你的努力)”中的It指代上一句中的celebrating，als abut与上一句中的nt just abut呼应。故选F。
20．根据本段主题句“Darken the sptlight. (使聚光灯变暗。)”以及根据前文“Due t the sptlight effect, we have a tendency t verestimate the degree t which thers care abut ur successes r failures.( 由于聚光灯效应，我们倾向于高估别人对我们成功或失败的关心程度。)”可知，由于聚光灯效应，我们倾向于高估别人对我们成功或失败的关心程度，但是我们要使聚光灯变暗即不要高估别人对我们的成功或失败的关心程度。E项“S dn’t care hw yu will be viewed.(不要在意别人怎么看你)”与上文构成因果关系，符合语境。故选E。
21．B 22．A 23．C 24．D 25．A 26．C 27．D 28．A 29．C 30．B 31．D 32．A 33．B 34．C 35．D
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了灵长类动物学家Jane Gdall的经历，她研究野生动物黑猩猩，并取得了重大成就。
21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：人们认为只有男孩才会去冒险。A. experiences经历；B. adventures冒险；C. prgrams程序，节目；D. prjects项目，工程。结合上文提到的“g t Africa t study animals”可知，这是冒险活动，故选B。
22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是Jane的母亲支持她的女儿。A. supprted支持；B. prtected保护；C. questined询问；D. refused拒绝。根据上文“fr bys”以及转折词“But”可知，人们认为冒险是属于男孩的，但是Jane的母亲支持她的女儿，故选A。
23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Luis对Jane印象深刻，雇她做他的秘书。A. mtivated激励；B. replaced替代；C. impressed给……留下深刻印象；D. accmpanied陪伴。根据“hired her t wrk as his secretary”可知，Luis对Jane印象深刻，故选C。
24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：几年后，他把Jane送到贡贝保护区去研究黑猩猩。A. frced强迫；B. persuaded说服；C. instructed指导；D. sent派遣，安排去。根据语境及“Jane t the Gmbe Preserve t study chimpanzees”可知，Jane是Luis的秘书，故此处指他派遣Jane去研究黑猩猩，故选D。
25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但这并不像收拾好行李进入森林那么简单。A. heading朝（某方向）行进；B. falling降落；C. integrating整合；D. breaking打破。根据下文“went int the frest”可知，此处指进入森林，故选A。
26．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：保护区的管理人员认为，Jane作为灵长类动物学的首批女性之一，在野外工作是不安全的。A. available可到达的；B. helpful有帮助的；C. safe安全的；D. selected挑选出来的。根据下文“There were ____7____ animals t wrry abut.”可知，保护区的管理人员认为，Jane在野外工作是不安全的，故选C。
27． 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有危险的动物要担心。A. endangered濒危的；B. rare罕见的；C. wild野生的；D. dangerus危险的。根据“t wrry abut.”可知，有危险动物要担心，故选D。
28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当Jane第一次进入森林时，她没有感到害怕，而是说她觉得自己“回到了家”，回到了一个属于她的地方。A. belnged属于；B. remained停留；C. recalled回忆；D. served服务。根据“she was “cming hme””可知，她觉得自己“回到了家”，回到了一个属于她的地方，故选A。
29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这一点上，她还没有上过大学，所以她不知道研究人员通常是如何做事的。A. grund地面；B. curt法院；C. cllege大学；D. prisn监狱。下文“After Jane had spent a few years ____15____ chimpanzees, she attended Cambridge University t earn a dctral degree.”提到Jane工作了几年后去上大学，故此处指她没上过大学，故选C。
30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. parents父母；B. researchers研究人员；C. wmen女性；D. fficials官员。根据上文“he ____4____ Jane t the Gmbe Preserve t study chimpanzees.”可知，Jane去研究黑猩猩，她不知道别的研究人员是如何工作的，故选B。
31．考查动词短语辨析。句意：但是Jane的方法非常有效！A. wn ut获胜；B. sprang up突然出现；C. went n继续；D. turned ut证明是，结果是。空后“t wrk very well”是结果，故此处指Jane的方法结果非常有效，故选D。
32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她给观察到的动物取了名字，比如Greybeard，Gliath和 Fl，而不是数字。A. names名字；B. gestures手势；C. rders命令；D. pictures图片。根据“like Greybeard, Gliath, and Fl”可知，她给黑猩猩取名字，故选A。
33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她把每只黑猩猩作为个体来了解，发现每只黑猩猩都有独特的个性，很像人类。A. alternative可供选择的事物；B. individual个体；C. adult成年人；D. assistant助手。根据“saw that each chimp had a unique persnality”可知，她发现每只黑猩猩都有独特的个性，故她每只黑猩猩作为个体来了解，故选B。
34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她还看到他们制作工具，这对当时的其他科学家来说很难相信。A. sunds声音；B. mistakes错误；C. tls工具；D. plans计划。结合语境及“which was hard fr ther scientists at the time t believe”可知，黑猩猩会制作工具，这对当时的其他科学家来说很难相信，故选C。
35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在Jane花了几年时间观察黑猩猩之后，她进入剑桥大学攻读博士学位。A. srting分类；B. training训练；C. treating对待；D. bserving观察。根据上文“She gave ____12____ t the animals she bserved”可知，她观察黑猩猩，故选D。
36．attractive 37．psitined 38．t admire 39．which 40．existence 41．were built 42．cnstructing 43．earlier 44．as 45．the
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了西湖的历史以及苏堤和白堤两处景点。
36．考查形容词。句意：作为中国古典美的定义，西湖非常吸引人：柳荫密布的水面上耸立着山丘，船只悠闲地缓缓漂流。空处应填形容词作表语，故填attractive。
37．考查非谓语动词。句意：湖岸周围的人行道、公园、花园和位置完美的长椅为游客提供了一千零一个欣赏美景的有利位置。动词psitin和benches之间是被动关系，使用过去分词作定语，故填psitined。
38．考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。结合句意可知，此处表示目的，使用动词不定式作目的状语，故填t admire。
39．考查定语从句。句意：这个湖是钱塘江附近的一个内湖，始建于8世纪。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是lake，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导，故填which。
40．考查名词。句意：同上。此处应填名词existence作int的宾语，cme int existence“出现，开始存在”，故填existence。
41．考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：后来，人们建造了花园，用疏浚的淤泥建造了堤道和岛屿。主语gardens和动词build之间是被动关系，且是描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语表示复数意义，故填were built。
42．考查非谓语动词。句意：著名诗人苏东坡参与了西湖的开发，在11世纪担任地方官期间修建了苏堤。cnstruct和逻辑主语The famus pet Su Dngp之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，使用现在分词作状语，故填cnstructing。
43．考查比较级。句意：这并不是一个原创的想法——大约200年前，诗人兼刺史白居易已经建造了一条堤道，后来被称为白堤。表示“200年前”使用200 years earlier，故填earlier。
44．考查介词。句意：同上。refer t…as“将……称作”，填介词as，故填as。
45．考查冠词。句意：如今，柳树、梅树、桃树林立，无车辆通行的堤道和半月形的桥，让你可以悠闲地出游。上文提到苏堤和白堤，故此处causeways表示特指，前面使用定冠词修饰，故填the。
46．
A Cnstructive Speech
Last weekend, ur schl invited an expert t deliver a lecture n hw t reslve interpersnal cnflicts and prmte harmny amng students.
The expert started the lecture by discussing the cmmn surces f cnflicts amng students. He then ffered varius strategies t handle cnflicts, including effective cmmunicatin, active listening, empathy, and mutual respect, while emphasizing the imprtance f understanding different perspectives and finding cmmn grund.
The lecture received enthusiastic feedback frm students. Many appreciated the practical advice and said they felt mre cnfident abut managing their relatinships. The event paved the way fr a mre harmnius schl envirnment.
【导语】本篇是应用文写作。为了创建和谐校园，增进同学间的友谊，你校在上周末邀请专家进行了主题为“如何解决人际交往矛盾，促进同学和谐相处”的讲座，要求考生就此讲座写一篇英文报道。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
促进：prmte→imprve
提供：ffer→prvide
包括：include→cntain
重要性：imprtance→significance
2. 句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：The lecture received enthusiastic feedback frm students.
拓展句：The lecture, which was filled with practical tips and insightful advice, received enthusiastic feedback frm students.
【点睛】[高分句型1]He then ffered varius strategies t handle cnflicts, including effective cmmunicatin, active listening, empathy, and mutual respect, while emphasizing the imprtance f understanding different perspectives and finding cmmn grund.(现在分词作伴随状语)
[高分句型2]Many appreciated the practical advice and said they felt mre cnfident abut managing their relatinships.(省略that的宾语从句)
47．Helen ndded, tk the mney, and rushed ff t the grcer’s. The cld air nipped at her cheeks as she made her way. Reflecting n the cntrast between her family’s situatin and that f Mr. Katz, she acknwledged her mdest privilege, even thugh her family was far frm rich, and reslved t d smething meaningful. At the stre, Helen carefully chse fd that was bth filling and nutritius. With her arms heavy with bags, she raced back, hping t bring the family sme cmfrt in these hard times.
Everyne’s eyes turned t Helen as she entered Mr. Katz’s huse. The children’s faces lit up at the sight f the fd, and even Mrs. Katz’s weary expressin sftened int a hpeful smile as Helen unpacked the grceries. Mr. Katz murmured his thanks, his vice thick with emtin. On the way hme, her father said sftly t Helen, “Smetimes, sharing what we have is the truest frm f wealth.” She ndded, realizing the pwer f cmpassin: it nt nly brught warmth t the givers, but lightened the burdens f thers, even if just fr a little while.
【导语】本文以事件发展为线索展开，通过Helen的视角，叙述了她和父亲去收租金，以及对Katz一家的同情和帮助的故事。
【详解】段落续写：
由第一段首句内容“Helen 点了点头，拿着钱，匆匆向杂货店跑去。”可知，第一段可描写Helen 在去杂货店的路上的心理活动以及购买食物的过程。
由第二段首句内容“当Helen 进入Katz 先生的房子时，所有人的目光都转向了她。”可知，第二段可描写Helen 将食物带给Katz 家庭的情景，以及这一行为对家庭成员的影响。
续写线索：
前往杂货店——思考家庭状况对比——选择食物——返回Katz家——家庭成员反应——父亲的教诲
词汇激活
行为类：
拿着：take/catch hld f
前往：head fr/run t
选择：select/chse/pick ut
情绪类：
感到羞愧：feel ashamed/feel dishnred
给人希望的：hpeful/anticipatry
【点睛】[高分句型1] The cld air nipped at her cheeks as she made her way.（使用了as引导的时间状语从句）
[高分句型2] Reflecting n the cntrast between her family’s situatin and that f Mr. Katz, she acknwledged her mdest privilege, even thugh her family was far frm rich, and reslved t d smething meaningful.（使用了现在分词短语作状语）