鲁教版（五四）九年级全册英语 unit3 知识清单 素材

这是一份鲁教版（五四）九年级全册英语 unit3 知识清单 素材，共19页。
Unit 3 It must belong to Carla.Section A重点单词及短语1. whosewhose 做疑问代词，意为“谁的”，一般放在名词前做定语。例：Whose book is this? 这是谁的书？Whose schoolbags are those? 那些书包是谁的？whose 做代词还可以引导定语从句。代替先行词在从句中做定语修饰名词。例：You are the only one whose advice he might listen to. 只有你的建议他可能会听（whose 做 advice 的定语）I’d like a room whose window faces south. 我想要一个窗户朝南的房间。（whose 做 window 的定语）2. picnic n. 野餐have a picnic 去野餐 at the picnic 在野餐会上例：He was the only little kid at the picnic. 他是野餐会上唯一的小孩。attend v. 出席，参加。近义词：present v. 出席，参加做及物动词，后接名词或代词做宾语例：I attended a concert yesterday. 我昨天参加了一场音乐会。【辨析】，join, join in, take part in 与 attend join：指加入某个党派，团体组织等，成为其成员之一，意为：“参军、入团、入党”等。例：When did your brother join the army? 你哥哥什么时候参军的？She joined the Young Pioneers. 她加入了少先队。和某人一道做某事，其结构为：join sb. in (doing) sth.，根据上下文，in (doing) sth. 也可以省去例：Will you join us in the discussion? 你参加我们的讨论吗？He'll join us in singing the song. 他将和我们一道唱歌。We're going to the East Lake Park on Sunday. Will you join us? 我们打算星期天去东湖公园。你跟我们一道去好吗？join in 多指参加小规模的活动如“球赛、游戏”等，常用于日常口语。例：Come along, and join in the ball game. 快，来参加球赛。Why didn't you join in the talk last night? 昨晚你为什么没参加座谈？take part in 指参加会议或群众性活动等，着重说明句子主语参加该项活动并在活动中发挥积极作用。take part in 是惯用词组，part 前一般不用冠词，但 part 前有形容词修饰时，要用不定冠词。take an active part in…积极参加…例：We’ll take part in social practice during the summer vacation. 暑假期间我们将参加社会实践。We often take part in physical labor. 我们经常参加体力劳动。attend 是正式用语，及物动词，指参加会议，婚礼，葬礼，典礼；去上课，上学，听报告等。句子的主语只是去听，去看， 自己不一定起积极作用。例：He’ll attend an important meeting tomorrow. 他明天要参加一个重要的会议。I attended his lecture. 我听了他的讲课。4. valuable adj. 贵重的，很有用的，宝贵的value n. 价值例：Do you have anything valuable in your schoolbag? 你的书包里有什么贵重物品吗?He offered so valuable advice that few people disagreed.他提出了如此宝贵的建议，几乎没有人不同意。anybody 某些人 pron.相当于anyone 不定代词，常用于否定句和疑问句中例：I’ll call them now to check if anybody has it. 我现在就给他们打电话，看看有没有人拿着。Listen! Is there anybody knocking at the door? 听，有人在敲门么？anybody 表示“任何人都”时，也可以用于肯定句中例：Anybody knows the answer. 任何人都知道答案。6. happening 事件；发生的事情（常指不寻常的）n.happen 发生vi.sb. happen to do sth.碰巧做某事 sth. happen to sb.某事发生在某人身上7. noise n.声音，噪音。既可做可数名词，也可做不可数名词noisy adj. 嘈杂的，喧闹的例：The boys head the strange noise. 男孩们听到了奇怪的声音。Stop this rock music, please. I’m afraid some people can’t stand the noise.请停止这首摇滚乐。我恐怕有些人无法忍受这样的噪音。【辨析】sound 声音，泛指任何声音，不论高低或悦耳 例：Sound travels fast, but light travels faster. 声音传播得快，但是光传播得更快。noise 噪音，多表示不悦耳的声音 例：Stop him from making that noise. 阻止他弄出那种噪音。voice 声音，指人的声音或鸟和乐器的悦耳声 例：The woman spoke in a low voice. 那位女士说话声低。8. policeman 警察（男）n. 可数名词其复数形式为policemen。call the policemen 意为“报警”。例：The wounded policeman is now out of danger. 受伤的警察现在已经脱离危险。【拓展】①　policewoman 女警察，可数名词。其复数形式为policewomen。例：He is asking a policewoman for help. 他正在向一个女警察求助。②　police 警察， 集体名词。单独用作主语时，谓语动词应用复数形式。例：The police are asking some information about the accident. 警察们正在询问这起事故的一些信息。9. uneasy 担心的 不安的 adj.be uneasy about 意为“对……不安”例：He looked uneasy and refused to answer questions. 他看上去焦虑不安，拒绝回答问题。【拓展】uneasily 副词，意为“不安地”。sleepy adj.困倦的，瞌睡的，既可作表语，也可作定语。feel sleepy 感到困倦例：He was sleepy because it was too late. 天太晚了，他困了。The sleepy baby is crying. 那个困倦的婴儿在哭。【拓展】1）sleep v. 睡觉；n. 睡眠。go to sleep 入睡例：Please be quiet! The baby is sleeping. 请保持安静!婴儿正在睡觉。It’s time to go to sleep. 该睡觉了。asleep adj.睡着的，只能作表语。fall asleep 入睡例：He fell asleep while reading. 看书时他睡着了。重点句子1. Whose volleyball is this? It must be Carla’s. 这是谁的排球? 它一定是卡拉的。must 做情态动词，除了表示强烈的语气，还可以表示肯定的推测，意为“一定，肯定，必定”，且没有人称和单复数的变化。must 后接动词原型，表示对目前或将来事情的推测。例：It must taste better with some jam. 它加上果酱尝起来肯定会更好。She must live near here, for she comes to work on foot. 她一定住在这附近，因为她步行上班。2. The hair band might belong to Linda. 这条发带可能属于琳达。belong to 属于，belong为不及物动词，to为介词，后接名词或人称代词的宾格形式，不能接名词性物主代词或名词所有格。其主语通常是物。例：That book belongs to me. 那本书是我的。 These clothes must belong to Tom. 这些衣服一定是汤姆的。【拓展】sth. Belong(s) to sb (某物属于某人) 可与sth. is/are sb’s （某物是某人的）进行同义句转换。例：It must belong to Victor.=It must be Victor’s. 它一定是维克托的。3. What’s wrong? 怎么了？What’s wrong with sb.?“……怎么了？”，常用来询问某人遇到了什么麻烦事、患了什么疾病或某物除了什么问题等。该句型中主语为 what。【拓展】表示“……怎么了/出什么事了？”还可用 What’s wrong/the matter/the trouble with...?例：What’s wrong/the matter/the trouble with your classmate? 你的同班同学怎么了？4. Do you have anything valuable in your schoolbag? 你的书包里有什么贵重物品吗?【拓展】有些名词或动词加后缀-able，可构成形容词，表示“可……的；能……的”countable 可数的 usable 能用的 believable 可信任的comfortable 舒适的 enjoyable 愉快的 drinkable 可饮用的【辨析】valuable 与 worthvaluable 常指物质金钱方面，强调贵重、珍重，be valuable for/to sb.“对某人有价值” 例：Her grandmother left her a valuable ring. 她祖母留给她一枚贵重的戒指。 This experience is valuable to me. 这次经历对我很有价值。worth 既指物质上的，也指精神上的，强调价值，be worth + n.“值……”，sth. be worth doing“某事值得被做” 例：It’s worth our work.这事值得我们付出劳动。 The book is well worth reading. 这本书很值得一读。5. I left early, before the rest of my friends.我早就离开了，先于我的其他朋友们。rest 做名词，意为“其余的，剩余部分” the rest of 意为“其余的，剩余的”。当 the rest of + n.做主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于 of 后的名词的单复数。当 the rest 单独做主语时，谓语动词的单复数根据它所指代的名词的单复数来变化。例：The rest of the books are dull. (谓语动词单复数与 books 一致) 其余的书都很乏味。The rest of oil is not enough. (谓语动词单复数与 oil 一致) 剩下的油不够了。These pencils are mine, and the rest are yours. 这些铅笔是我的，其余的是你的。【拓展】rest 做名词还可以意为“休息” have a rest 休息一下例：She needs rest after her long illness. 她在久病之后需要休息。I wanted to have a rest because I was too tired. 我想休息一会儿，因为我太累了。6. I think somebody must have picked it up.我认为肯定有人捡到它了。1）must have done 表示对过去事情的肯定推测，其否定结构为 can’t have done“不可能做过……” 例：He likes football very much. He must have watched the match last night.他非常喜欢足球，昨晚他肯定看了比赛。2）①　pick up 拾起；捡起，若宾语为人称代词，须将人称代词置于 pick 与 up 之间。例：Please pick up the zippers on the floor. 请把地板上的拉链捡起来。The zippers are on the floor. Please pick them up. 拉链在地板上，请把它们捡起来。②　pick up 搭载；接载，常接人作宾语。例：I’ll pick you up at the station. 我会到车站接你。7. I'll call them now to check if anybody has it. 现在我将给他们打电话，看看是否有人捡到了它。1) call sb 给某人打电话例：I will call you if I have time. 我如果有时间，会给你打电话。【拓展】“给某人打电话”的常用短语还有：①　phone/telephone/ring sb.②　give sb a call/ring③　make a telephone call to sb④　ring//call sb up (注意：ring/call up 为“动词+副词”型短语，当宾语是人称代词时，人称代词要放在中间)2）anybody 任何人，复合不定代词相当于anyone，常用于疑问句，否定句或if条件句中。anybody作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。例：Is anybody there? 有人在那里吗？ I didn’t meet anybody on the way home. 在回家的路上，我没遇到任何人。 If anybody knows his address,please tell me.如果有人知道他的地址，请告诉我。【拓展】anybody 任何人；无论谁，用于肯定句中。例：The article is so easy that anybody can read it. 这篇文章很容易，任何人都能读懂。8. However, these days, something unusual is happening in our town. 然而，最近我们镇上发生了一件不寻常的事。1)Something 某事，某物；复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。例：There is something in my eye. 我的眼睛里有东西。【拓展】①　由some构成的复合不定代词常用于肯定句中；由any构成的复合不定代词常用于否定句或疑问句中。但在表示建议，请求或希望对方作出肯定回答时，用由some构成的复合不定代词。②　形容词修饰something等复合不定代词时，形容词须后置。例：There is something wrong with my rabbit. 我的兔子有毛病了。2）unusual 不寻常的，adj.例：It is unusual that winter comes so early this year. 今年的冬天来得这么早，这不正常。【拓展】常见的含有否定前缀un-的单词：unlucky 不幸的 unfriendly 不友好的 uncomfortable 不舒服的 unlike 不像 unimportant 不重要的 unreal 不真实的 unable 不能9. At first, I thought that it might be a dog, but I couldn’t see a dog or anything else, either. 起初，我以为可能是一只狗，但我也没看到狗或其他东西。① or 或者；否则② else 意为“别的，其他的”，既可以用作形容词，也可以用作副词。else 常用来修饰不定代词、疑问代词或疑问副词，而且位于他们之后。例：- What else do you want? 你还想要别的什么吗？- Nothing else. 别的什么也不要。When else can I meet you? 其他什么时间我可以与你见面？【辨析】：either, too, also 与 as well 四个词均可表示“也”，其具体区别如下：either 用于否定句 放于句末，其前常有逗号。例：If he doesn’t go, I won’t go, either. 如果他不去，我也不会去。too 用于肯定句 一般放于句末，其前常有逗号。例：Jim likes red. I like red, too. 吉姆喜欢红色，我也喜欢红色。also 用于肯定句 放于连系动词，be动词，助动词或情态动词之后，实义动词之前。例：They also agree with me. 他们也同意我的意见。as well 常用于肯定句 放于句末，其前无逗号。例：He speaks English, and he knows French as well. 他说英语，也懂法语。One woman in the area saw something running away, but it was dark so she is not sure. 这个地区的一个女人看到有东西在逃跑，但当时天很黑，所以她不确定。run away 逃跑，逃走例：When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.当警察到达时，小偷已经跑了。He ran away from home at the age of thirteen. 他十三岁时离家出走。【拓展】与 run 有关的其他常见短语run across 偶然遇到 run out 用尽，用完run after 追赶 run into 撞上11. When he was interviewed by the town newspaper, he said…当他接受镇上报纸的采访时，他说……① 被动语态构成：be + done② 状语从句要先译12. There must be something visiting the homes in our neighborhood, but what is it? 一定有什么东西拜访了我们社区的住户，但是是什么呢?There be + sb./sth. doing sth.有……在做某事例：There is someone knocking at the door.有人在敲门。13. The noise-maker is having too much fun creating fear in the neighborhood. 噪音制造者对其在社区引发的恐慌正乐在其中呢。have fun doing sth 做某事很开心，与have a good time doing sth同义。例：The kids are having fun playing in the park now. 现在，孩子们在公园里正玩得开心。14. I think it was too big to be a dog. 我想它太大了，不可能是一只狗。① too… to… 太……以致于不能…… so… that… 太……以致于…… such… that… 太……以致于…② 宾语从句：引导词、语序、时态15. I hear water running in the bathroom. 我听到浴室里流水。【辨析】hear sb. doing sth.与 hear sb. do sth.hear sb. doing sth. “听到某人正在做某事”，强调听见的动作正在进行。 例：I heard him singing when I walked past the shop.我走过那家商店时听到他在唱歌。hear sb. do sth. “听到某人做了某事”，强调听见的动作发生的全过程，表示此动作经常发生或动作已经完成。 例：I often hear her sing in the evening. 我经常听到她在晚上唱歌。【拓展】hear of/about sth.听说某事hear from sb.收到某人的来信16. Whenever I try to read this book, I feel sleepy.每当我试图读这本书时，我就感到困倦。whenever 副词，意为“无论何时；在任何时候”，相当于 no matter when，引导让步状语从句。例：You can ask for help whenever you need it.Section B重点单词及短语1. land 着陆；降落 v.①　着陆；降落，不及物动词，可表示飞机等降落，也可表示船，舰等靠岸。例：The spaceship landed safely. 宇宙飞船安全降落了。②　使登陆；使上岸；使到达，及物动词。例：The pilot landed the plane. 飞行员将飞机着陆。③　陆地；土地，名词。例：After 20 days at sea, we saw land. 经过20天的海上航行，我们见到了陆地。2. suit 套装；西服，n.①　可数名词 例：He is wearing a grey suit. 他穿着一套灰色西装。②　适合；适宜于，及物动词suit sb fine/well 意为“很适合某人”。例：That’s a beautiful dress. It suits you very well. 那是条漂亮的连衣裙，很适合你。 3. express 表示，表达v.expression 表情，表达n. express oneself 表达某人自己（的思想）express sth. to sb.对某人表达……例：I can’t express how excited I am. 我无法向你表达我是多么激动。It expresses both the wearer’s own style and China’s rich traditional culture.它既体现了着装者的个人风格，又体现了中国丰富的传统文化。He expressed his thanks to her.他向她表示感谢。 at the same time ① 同时，一起② 尽管如此，虽然，但是例：Don’t try to do too many things at the same time. 不要试着在同时做太多的事情。Don’t all speak at the same time. 大家不要同时说话。It will cost a lot of money. At the same time, I think we shall need it and it will certainly be useful. 这要花很多钱。同时，我认为我们需要它，它肯定是有用的。5. circle 圆圈n. 圈出 v. in circles 兜圈子 economic circle 经济圈business circle 商业，企业界例：The children stood in a circle and danced to music. 孩子们站成一圈，并伴随着音乐跳舞。Circle the words on this list that you recognize. 把这张表上你认识的单词圈出来。6. leader 领导，领袖n. leader 领导；领导的才能或能力n.lead 领导v.例：The leader believes strongly in the school volunteer project. 领导人坚信学校的志愿者项目。As the leader of this office, she can work well with everyone. 作为这个办公室的领导，她可以和每个人都合作得很好。7. medical 医疗的，医学的 adj.其名词形式为medicine。例：He is a medical student. 他是一名医科学生。 8. purpose 目的，目标n. for the purpose of 为了……目的on purpose 有目的地，故意地。反义词 by accident = by chance 偶然地with the purpose of 目的是……，为了……例：What is the purpose of your visit? 你来访的目的是什么？My father knew my purpose in writing this book. 我父亲知道我写这本书的目的。9. prevent 阻止，阻挠v. prevent… from doing sth. “阻止……做某事” = stop/keep… from doing sth.例：Can you think of a better way to prevent pollution? 你能想个更好的办法防止污染吗？Nobody can prevent us (from) going there. 没有人阻止我们去那里。【拓展】① prevent… from doing sth.与 stop… from doing sth.用法相同，在主动语态中 from 可以省略，但在被动语态中不能省略。② keep… from doing sth.意为“阻止……做某事”，无论是在主动语态还是被动语态中 from 否不能省略。③ protect… from…意为“保护……不受……侵袭”，from 后接能带来伤害或损害之物。例：You had better wear sunglasses to protect your eyes from the sun.10. honor 尊重；表示敬意 v.①　及物动词例：We should honor those who lost their lives in the war. 我们应该向那些在战争中牺牲的人表示敬意。②　 名词，荣幸；荣誉in honor of 向··致敬，向··表示敬意； have the honor of doing sth 有幸做某事例： I had the honor of meeting the policeman. 我有幸见到了那位警察。11. victory 胜利，成功；n.可指战争，比赛，竞赛等的胜利。其后可接介词over。常用短语 win/score a victory 意为“获得胜利”。例：At last, we won a victory. 最后，我们获得了胜利。12. long/short period 长/短期重点句子1. Why do you think the man is running? 你认为这个男人为什么正在跑？【拓展】其他可以用作插入语的有：I am sure 我可以肯定 I believe 我相信 do you know 你知道吗 you see 你明白 I’m afraid 我恐怕 it is said 据说what’s more 而且 that is 也就是说 what’s worse 更糟糕的是例：Who do you think won the semi-badminton match last night? 你认为昨天晚上谁赢了羽毛球的半决赛？Where do you think Tom will go for vacation? 你认为汤姆会去哪儿度假？What do you think the weather will be like tomorrow? 你认为明天的天气将会怎么样？2. Stonehenge, a rock circle, is not only one of the Britain’s most famous historical places but also one of its great mysteries.巨石阵，一个巨石圈，不仅是英国最著名的历史遗迹之一，也是最大的谜团之一。1）circle n.&v. 圆圈；圈出2）mystery 此处用作可数名词，意为“奥秘；神秘事物”，其形容词为 mysterious，神秘的，难以理解的。3）one of… “……之一”，后接可数名词复数形式，常与形容词最高级连用，且该结构作主语时，谓语动词用单数。3. Every year it receives more than 750,000 visitors. 每年接待超过75万名游客。receive a letter from sb.=get a letter from sb.=hear from sb.收到某人的来信4. People like to go to this place especially in June as they want to see the sun rising on the longest day of the year.人们喜欢去这个地方，尤其是在六月，因为他们想在一年中最长的一天看到太阳升起。1）especially 做副词，意为“尤其，特别”，常用来修饰动词、形容词或副词，强调程度。例：I especially want to see that film. (动词) 我特别想看那部电影。We are especially busy today. (形容词) 我们今天特别忙。【拓展】陈述某一事实之后，要列举一个具有代表性的例子作进一步强调时，常用 especially，后可接名词、介词短语或从句等。例：We want to invite some friends, especially Jim and John.我们想邀请一些朋友，尤其是吉姆和约翰。2）as ① 介词，作为② 连词，因为；当……时候【辨析】as, because 与 sinceas “由于，鉴于” 主句与从句并重，从句说明原因，主句说明结果because “因为”， 语气最强，回答由 why 提出的问题 从句可放在主句前，也可放在主句后since “既然” 侧重主句，从句表示显然的或已知的理由5. For many years, historians believed Stonehenge was a temple where ancient leaders tried to communicate with the gods.多年来，历史学家认为巨石阵是一座庙宇，古代的领袖们试图在这里与神交流。1）where 关系副词，指地点，在句中引导定语从句，指代先行词在从句中充当地点状语，先行词为表示地点的名词。如：place，village，town，city 等例：I want to go to the places where the weather is very warm. 我想去气候非常温暖的地方。I love the village where I spend my childhood. 我喜爱我度过童年的那个村庄。先行词表示地点时，如果关系词在从句中充当主语或宾语，则关系词用 which 或 that，而不用 where；当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，用 that 而不用 which。例：This is the farm which/that I visited before.这是我以前参观过的农场。I’ve found some pictures of the most interesting places that you visited.我找到了一些你去过的最有趣的地方的照片。2）historian 历史学家，可数名词例：She is a famous historian. 她是著名的历史学家。【拓展】historical 形容词，意为“（有关）历史的”。3）communicate with sb 与某人交流communicate动词，意为“交流；交际”，其名词形式为communication。例：He had no way to communicate with his elder brother. 他无法与他哥哥交流。6. “The leaders arrived in England much later,” he points out.“这些领导人到达英国的时间要晚得多，”他指出。point out 指出，代词做宾语时，应放于 point 与out 之间例：The teacher pointed out many mistakes in my homework.老师指出了我作业中的许多错误。There are many mistakes in my homework. Can you point them out?我的作业中有很多错误。你能指出来吗?【辨析】point out, point at 与 point topoint out “指出”，out 是副词 ，给某人指出方向、要点或错误等 例：Will you please point out the man who saved the boy’s life?请你指出是谁救了这男孩的命好吗?point at “指着”，at 是介词， 侧重于指的对象，指向离说话人较近的人或物例：Don’t point at the words while you are reading. 阅读时不要用手指着单词。point to “指向”，to 是介词， 侧重于指的方向，指向离说话人较远的人或物例：He pointed to the house on the other side of the river and said, “That’s my home.” 他指着河对岸的房子说:“那是我的家。”7. They think the stones can prevent illness and keep healthy.1）prevent 用法2）keep + 宾语 + 宾语补足语（形容词，副词，介词短语，动词-ing 形式，过去分词） 表示：使某人或某物保持某种状态例：It’s hot here. Let’s keep the window open. 这很热，让我们开着窗户吧。Why did you keep your friends out? 你为什么让你的朋友们在外边？8. “As you walk there, you can feel the energy from your feet move up your body,” said one visitor.“当你走到那里，你可以感觉到能量从你的脚移动到你的身体，”一位游客说。1） as ① 介词，作为② 连词，因为；当……时候【辨析】as, when 与 whileas 意为“当……时候”，含有“一边……一边……”之意 强调不同动作同时发生when “当/在……时候”，主从句所表示的动作、事件可同时发生，也可先后发生 从句的时态多用一般现在时或一般过去时，从句的谓语动词可以是延续性动词也可以是非延续性动词。while “正在……时”，用于指同时进行的两个延续性动词相伴随而发生，常把同类的两个动作作对比，while 从句中的动词需用延续性动词，从句常用进行时；如果主句和从句中的动作是两个同时进行的动作，那么主句也要用进行时。energy n.精力，不可数名词。energetic adj.精力充沛的9. I’m still waiting for the bus, so I might be a bit late for the party. 我仍然在等公共汽车，所以我可能晚一点儿去派对。wait for 等候wait for sb to do sth 意为“等候某人做某事”。例：I’ll wait for you at the door. 我将在门口等你。 Tom is waiting for you to come here. 汤姆正在等你来这里。【拓展】与wait相关的短语wait a minute 稍等 wait in line 排队等候10. I just talked to her on the phone... 我刚才跟她在电话里聊天了……on the phone 通过电话；以电话的方式。on介词，意为“通过；使用；借助于”，表示手段，工具。例：The old man is talking to his son on the phone. 这位老人正在电话里与他儿子交谈。