鲁教版（五四）七上英语 unit5 知识点讲义 素材

这是一份鲁教版（五四）七上英语 unit5 知识点讲义 素材，共13页。
Unit 5 Where did you go on vacation?Section A重点单词及短语anyone 任何人 pron.anyone 是不定代词，相当于anybody，常用于否定句或疑问句中，代替someone/somebody。用于肯定句中时，意为“任何人”。作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。例：Why would anyone want that job? 为什么会有人想要那份工作？few 很少的；几乎没有的 adj. / 很少 pron.例：I gave a dinner party for a few close friends.我为几个密友举办了一个晚餐聚会。【辨析】few, a few, little, a little 区别few 修饰可数名词,强调少 例：He has few friends.他几乎没有朋友。a few 修饰可数名词,强调有一些 例：He has a few friends.他有几个朋友。little 修饰不可数名词,强调少 例：There is little time left.几乎没剩下什么时间了。a little 修饰不可数名词,强调有一些 例：We still have a little time.我们还有点时间。most 最多，大多数 adv/adj/pron.most 后可直接跟名词(可数或不可数),同时,也可接有形容词修饰的名词。跟可数名词时,谓语动词要用复数形式。例：The president himself won the most votes. 总统本人赢得了最多的选票。Most boys like playing football.大部分男孩都喜欢踢足球。【拓展】most of...意为“……中的大多数”，作主语时，谓语动词取决于most of后所修饰的名词或代词的数。例：Most of us are going to the museum.我们中的大多数人要去博物馆。Most of the milk goes bad. 大部分牛奶变质了。nothing 没有什么；没有任何东西 pron.相当于not anything。例：I did nothing special last month.=I didn’t do anything special last month. 上个月我没做什么特别的事情。myself 我自己(反身代词) pron.反身代词又称自身代词，表示动作行为反射到行为执行者本身。第一、二人称的反身代词是由形容词性物主代词加上-self 或-selves 构成的。如：I--myself we--ourselves you（单数）-- yourself you（复数）-- yourselves第三人称的反身代词是由人称代词的宾格加上-self 或-selves 构成的。如：she--herself he --himself it--itself they--themselves one--oneself【拓展】常用搭配：by oneself 单独，独自 enjoy oneself 玩得高兴 help oneself to...（招待用语）随便吃/喝……teach oneself.../learn...by oneself 自学……seem 似乎，好像 v. seem +（to be）adj./n.意为“看起来……，好像……”，说明主语的特征或状态，to be可省略。【拓展】seem的用法：①seem to do“似乎/好像做某事”例：I seem to have a cold.我似乎感冒了。②It seems/seemed +从句 “看起来好像/似乎……”例：It seems that no one believes you. 看起来好像没有人。③It seems as if...“看起来像/仿佛……”例：It seems as if it is going to rain.看起来天快要下雨了。keep a diary 记日记keep此处用作及物动词，意为“记，记录”例：It’s a good habit to keep a diary.记日记是个好习惯。重点句子Oh, did you go anywhere interesting?哦，你去有趣的地方了吗？①本句是 did 开头的一般疑问句②anywhere 用作副词，意为“在任何地方”。例：Did you go anywhere during the summer vacation？ 【辨析】anywhere 与 somewhere anywhere anywhere意为“某个地方，在任何地方”，常用于否定句和疑问句中。 例：I can’t find it anywhere.我到处都找不到它。somewhere 意为“在某处；到某处”，常用于肯定句中。例：I lost my key somewhere near here.我把钥匙丢在这附近的某个地方了。We took quite a few photos there.我们在那里拍了不少照片。take photos 意为“照相；拍照”例：We take photos on the Great Wall.我们在长城上照了相。【辨析】quite a few 与 quite a littlequite a few 意为“很多;不少”，修饰可数名词复数；例：He will stay here for quite a few days. 他会在这儿待不少天。quite a little 意为“很多;不少”，修饰不可数名词。例：There is quite a little beef in the fridge.冰箱里有相当多的牛肉。Everything tasted really good!所有的东西尝起来真的很好吃！ taste 在此为系动词，意为“尝起来”，其后接形容词构成系表结构。例：The food tastes really great.食物尝起来棒极了！Did everyone have a good time?大家都玩得很开心吗？have a good time = enjoy oneself = have fun 玩得开心 （+ doing）例：We had a good time visiting the the Great Wall. = We enjoyed ourselves visiting the the Great Wall.= We had fun visiting the Great Wall.我们游览长城玩得很开心。How did you like it? 你觉得它怎么样？How do/did you like……? 意为“你觉得……怎么样？”，用来询问对方的观点或看法相当于What do you think of/about……?例：How do you like your new job? = What do you think/about your new job?你觉得你的新工作怎么样？Did you go shopping? 你们去购物了吗？go shopping 意为“去购物；去买东西”，同义短语为 do some shopping.例：I usually go shopping on Sundays.我通常星期天购物。【拓展】“go+doing”形式表示“去做某事”，常用于表达从事某一体育活动或休闲活动。go skating 去滑冰 go sightseeing 去观光 go fishing 去钓鱼 go swimming 去游泳 go boating 去划船The only problems was that there was nothing much to do in the evening but read.唯一的问题是晚上除了读书没什么事可做。nothing much to do 意为“没什么事可做”例：There is nothing much to do, so I go to bed early.没什么事可做，因此我早早睡觉了。【拓展】nothing...but...意为“除……之外什么也没有；只有”，but后可接名词或动词原形。例：I had nothing but a bowl of porridge this morning.我今天早上只喝了碗粥。Section B重点单词及短语activity 活动 n. 可数名词，复数形式为 activities.例：Students like outdoor activities. 学生们喜欢户外活动。building 建筑物；楼房 n. 由动词build建造转化而来，builder为名词，建筑工人。building为名词，建筑物。例：We live in a tall building.我们居住在一个高的楼房里。wonder 想知道；琢磨 v.wonder 此处作及物动词，意为“想知道；琢磨”。其后常接 who, what, why 等疑问词引导宾语从句。例：I wonder what they were doing here.我想知道他们在这儿做什么。difference 差别；差异 n. 可数名词，意为“差别，差异”其形容词形式为different, 意为“不同的；有差异的”例：What’s the difference between the two robots?这两个机器人之间的区别是什么？because of 因为；由于其后可接名词、代词或名词性成分。例：He can’t take a walk because of the rain. 他不能去散步了，因为下雨。【辨析】because of 与becausebecause of 因为 后可跟名词、代词或相当于名词的短语 例：He lost his job because of his age.由于年龄关系他失去了工作。because 连词，意为“因为”，引导状语从句，表示直接、明确的原因或理由例：I didn’t buy the shirt because it was too expensive. 我没有买这件衬衫因为它太贵了。below 在下面；到下面 adv.例：Please write your name below.请在下面写生你的名字。【拓展】below 还可作介词，意为“在…以下；低于”。反义词为 above, 意为“超过；在….之上”。例：It was five degrees below zero last night. 昨夜温度是零下五度。enough 足够的；充分的 adj.作定语修饰名词时，多放在名词前。例：We have enough time to put up a tent.我们有足够的时间搭起帐篷。【拓展】enough还可用作副词，意为“足够地，充分地”用来修饰形容词或副词，一般置于被修饰词后。“形容词/副词+enough to do sth.”意为“足够……能做某事”。例：I know him well enough.我对他足够熟悉。hungry 饥饿的 adj. 名词形式为hunger,意为“饥饿”，反义词为full，意为“饱的”例：The pig was hungry, so we fed it.猪饿了，所以我们喂它。dislike 不喜欢；厌恶 v. 其后可接名词、代词或动名词形式作宾语。同义词为hate。例：I dislike keeping a diary.我不喜欢写日记。【拓展】dislike还可用作名词，意为“不喜欢的事物；厌恶的事物”例：Can you tell me your likes and dislikes?你能告诉我你的好恶吗？重点句子I arrived in Penang in Malaysia this morning with my family. 今天早上我和家人到达了马拉西亚的槟城。arrive 不及物动词，意为“到达”。arrive in 表示到达较大的地方，如国家、省、市等；arrive at 表示到达较小的地方，如机场、商店、广场、村庄等。例：I arrive at the train station very early. 我很早就到达了火车站。【辨析】arrive (in/at), get (to) 与 reacharrive 和get 都是不及物动词，其后只能跟表示地点的副词（here, there, home等），若跟地点名词则须加介词， 即“arrive in/at + 地点名词”“get to + 地点名词”例：How did you arrive/get there? 你怎么到那的？When do you often arrive at/get to school?你经常什么时候到校？reach 作及物动词，其后直接跟表示地点的名词。例：I reached Qingdao yesterday.我昨天到了青岛。so we decided to go to the beach near our hotel. 因此我们决定去旅店附近的海滩。decide 及物动词，意为“决定；决心”，decision 为名词，意为“决定”。make a decision 意为“做一个决定”。例：I made a decision to read English every day.我做了一个每天读英语的决定。【拓展】其常见用法有：①decide to do sth. 意为“决定去做某事”。其否定形式为 decide not to so sth. 意为“决定不做某事” 例：They decide to visit the museum.他们决定去参观博物馆。②decide 后常跟“疑问词 + 动词不定时”作宾语。例：He can not decide when to leave.他们不能决定何时离开。③decide 后面常跟宾语从句。例：I can’t decide where I should go.我不能决定我该去哪儿。My sister and I tried paragliding. 我和我的姐姐尝试了滑翔伞运动。【辨析】try doing sth. 与 try to do sth.try doing sth. 尝试着做某事 表示一种尝试、做做看的想法，不一定付出很多努力。例：The boy tried making a model plane.这个男孩试着做一个飞机模型。try to do sth. 尽力、设法去做某事 表示想尽一切办法要把事情办成，强调付出一定的努力设法去完成。例：The girl is trying to carry the basket.这个女孩正尽力提起那个篮子。try 此处用作及物动词，意为“尝试；试图，设法；努力”，其后常接名词、动名词或动词不定式。例：Why not try making dumplings by yourself?为什么不试着自己包饺子呢？【拓展】①try也可用作不及物动词，意为“尝试；努力”例：I don't think I can do it, but I’ll try.我认为我做不了它，但是我要尝试一下。②try还可用作名词，意为“尝试”，常用于短语have a try“试一试”。例：I’m going to have a try.我打算试一试。I feel like I was a bird. 我感觉像一只小鸟。feel like 意为“感觉像”。其后常接从句。本句中从句 I was a bird作其宾语。例：He feels like he is flying.他感觉像在飞一样。【拓展】feel like 还可以意为“想要（做）……”，其后可接名词、代词或动名词。feel like doing sth. = want to do sth. = would like to do sth. 意为“想要做某事”。例：Do you feel like taking a walk in the park with me ?= Do you want to take a walk in the park with me ?= Would you like to take a walk in the park with me ?你想跟我一起在公园散步吗？It was so exciting! 这太令人兴奋了！exciting adj. 令人兴奋的，使人激动的【辨析】exciting与excitedexciting 令人兴奋的，使人激动的 可作定语或表语，作表语时主语通常为物例：The story is exciting.这个故事让人很兴奋。excited 感到兴奋的；激动的 常作表语，主语通常为人 例：Sarah was excited to see the singer.萨拉看到那位歌手很激动。I really enjoyed walking around the town. 我真的很享受在这个镇上到处走走。enjoy 及物动词，意为“喜爱；欣赏；享受….的乐趣”，其后可接名词、代词或动名词 例：Do you enjoy your job?你喜欢你的工作吗？enjoyable 形容词，意为“有乐趣的，令人愉快的”。例：I’m sure we will have an enjoyable vacation.我很确定我们将有一个愉快的假期。【拓展】后接动名词作宾语的其他常用的动词还有：finish 完成，practice 练习，mind 介意等。What a difference a day makes! 一天的差异是多么大呀！本句是 what 引导的感叹句，结构为：what + 名词（词组）+ 主语 + 谓语！ 例：What fun today is !今天真有趣！【拓展】感叹句是表达喜、怒、哀、乐以及惊奇、惊讶等强烈感情的句子，感叹句主要有以下几种结构：①What + a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数 + 主语 + 谓语! 例：What an interesting book it is !多么有趣的一本书！② What + 形容词 + 复数名词/不可数名词 + 主语 + 谓语! 例：What fine weather it is today !今天的天气真好！③how 引导的感叹句结构为：How + 形容词/副词 + 主语 + 谓语! 例：How beautiful she is !她真漂亮！We waited over an hour for the train because there were too many people. 因为人太多，所以我们等了一个多小时的火车。wait for 意为“等候”，其后可接人或物。例：I’ll wait for you at the door.我将在门口等你。（2）over 介词，意为“多于；超过；在…以上（表示书面、程度）”，相当于 more than。例：My father is over 40 years old.我爸爸四十多岁了。【拓展】over 的其他用法：①over 作介词，表示“在……之上”，与物体垂直且不接触，反义词为 under。例：There is a map over the blackboard.黑板正上方有一张地图。②over 作介词，表示“通过”。例：I hear the news over the radio.我通过收音机听新闻。③over 做介词，表示“遍及”。例：I want to travel all over the world.我想环游世界。④over 作形容词，意为“结束的”例：Now，class is over！现在下课！（3）【辨析】too many, too much 与 much tootoo many 后接可数名词复数，意为“太多”例：Mother bought too many eggs yesterday.妈妈昨天买了太多鸡蛋。too much 修饰不可数名词，意为“太多”；还可修饰动作作状语 例：We have too much work to do.我们有太多工作要做。much too 修饰形容词或副词，意为“太” 例：The hat is much too big for me.这顶帽子对我来说太大了。My father didn’t bring enough money… 我爸爸没带足够的钱…bring 此处作及物动词，意为“带来；取来”，反义词为 take，意为“拿走”。bring sth./sb. to + 地点，意为“把某物/某人带到某地”。如果后接地点副词，则去掉介词to。例：Please bring me some books.请给我带来一些书。【辨析】bring 与 takebring 意为“拿来；带来”，指从别处带到说话者所在地例：Don’t forget to bring your book here tomorrow.别忘了把你的书明天带到这里来。take 意为“带走；拿走”，指从说话者所在地带到别处去 例：We’ll take the students to the museum.我们将带学生去博物馆。Well, but the next was not as good.嗯，但是第二天却没有这么好了。as此处用作副词,意为“像……一样;如同”,用来表示程度。后跟形容词或副词原级,常用于as...as结构,其否定形式为 not as/so...as例：Lily sings as well as a singer莉莉唱歌唱得跟歌手一样好。【拓展】as的其他用法①作介词,意为“作为;当作”。例：He worked as an actor in the past过去他当过演员。②作连词,意为“像;按照”。例：You must do everything as I told you你必须按照我告诉你的那样去做所有的事。③作连词,意为“当…的时候”。例：As the students were talking, Mr. Wang came in.当学生们在说话时,王老师进来了。④作连词,意为“因为,由于”,引导原因状语从句。例：As it got dark, I turned around to leave for home因为天黑了,我转身回家。11.…because we forgot to bring an umbrella. …因为我们忘了带雨伞。【辨析】forget to do sth.与 forget doing sth.forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事（事情还没做） 例：Don’t forget to close the window.不要忘记关窗户。forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事（事情已经做过了） 例：I forget closing the window.我忘记了我关上。12. Why not ? 为什么不带呀？Why not ? 意为“为什么不呢？”，表示提建议；why not 后面跟动词原形。例：Why not go to the party with me?= Why don’t you go to the party with me?为什么不跟我去派对？Twenty minutes later, the sun started to come up. 20 分钟后，太阳开始升起来了。come up 意为“升起；发生”例：It gets hot after the sun has come up.太阳升起来后天气就变热了。【拓展】与 come 相关的短语：come along 一起去；进展 come down 下降；下落come out 出来；出版，发行；开花 come on 赶快，加油come over 过来 come true 实现，成为现实come up with 追上；想出（主意） come in 进来