2025北京市第八十中学高二上学期期中英语试卷含解析

这是一份2025北京市第八十中学高二上学期期中英语试卷含解析，文件包含北京市第八十中学2024-2025学年高二上学期期中英语试卷含解析docx、北京市第八十中学2024-2025学年高二上学期期中英语试卷无答案docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共32页， 欢迎下载使用。

2024年11月
（考试时间 90 分钟 满分 100 分）
提示: 试卷答案请一律填涂或书写在答题卡上, 在试卷上作答无效。
在答题卡上, 选择题用 2B 铅笔作答, 其他试题用黑色签字笔作答。
第一部分: 知识运用（共三节, 30分）
第一节完型填空（共10小题, 每小题1.5分; 共15分）
阅读下面短文, 掌握其大意, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A Labradr has been ding an imprtant jb t help peple stay safe during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Eight-year-ld Rby runs thrugh the streets f the hilly city f Medellin several times a day with a ___1___ in his jaws, taking vegetables, fruit and packaged fds t custmers f the Fresh4U mini-market.
“He helps us t maintain scial distancing,” said Rby’ wner, Sherry Bter. “And peple ___2___ it when we send the dg.” Rby enjys eating carrts ___3___ t him by custmers, a tip fr bringing a basket f fd.
Rby wasn’t always a star. He was accepted int the family ___4___ by Ms Bter after repeated requests by her sn t ___5___ a dg.
But Ms Bter quickly ___6___ with the dg. And when she pened a mini-market fur years ag, he started t accmpany her t make deliveries.
Rby can’t read ___7___. But he remembers the names f custmers wh have previusly rewarded him with treats. And with sme practice, he has learned t g t their huses n his wn.
“He knws the names f five r six f ur custmers,” Ms Bter said, “S I send the gds with a receipt in the basket, and my custmers ___8___ me thrugh a bank transfer(转账；转移).”
Rby might nt knw that he’s becme an ___9___ wrker. But he is happy t help his wner and ___10___ his daily pay.
1. A. bagB. chainC. basketD. stick
2. A. respectB. lveC. fllwD. ntice
3. A. giftedB. returnedC. lentD. dnated
4. A. intentinallyB. regretfullyC. immediatelyD. unwillingly
5. A. adptB. trainC. adreD. walk
6. A. gt awayB. kept in tuchC. caught upD. fell in lve
7. A. mindsB. addressesC. numbersD. receipts
8. A. treatB. helpC. payD. impress
9. A. essentialB. hnestC. ptimisticD. adventurus
10. A. spendB. calculateC. cllectD. increase
【答案】1 C 2. B 3. A 4. D 5. A 6. D 7. B 8. C 9. A 10. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了在新冠疫情期间，拉布拉多犬Rby帮助人们送蔬菜、水果和包装食品的故事。
【1题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：8岁的Rby每天叼着篮子在多山城市Medellin的街道上跑好几次，把蔬菜、水果和包装食品送到Fresh4U迷你市场的顾客那里。A. bag包；B. chain链子；C. basket篮子；D. stick棍子。根据下一段“a tip fr bringing a basket f fd.”和倒数第二行““S I send the gds with a receipt in the basket,”可知，此处指叼着篮子把蔬菜，水果等送到顾客那。故选C。
【2题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我们派Rby过去时，人们很喜欢它。A. respect尊重；B. lve爱，喜欢；C. fllw跟随；D. ntice注意。根据下文“ 3 t him by custmers, a tip fr bringing a basket f fd.”可知，人们喜欢Rby。故选B。
【3题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Rby喜欢吃顾客送给他的胡萝卜，这是他带了一篮子食物的小费。A. gifted.用礼物送；B. returned返回；C. lent借出；D. dnated捐赠。根据后文“a tip fr bringing a basket f fd.”可知，人们送给Rby胡萝卜作为送食物的小费。故选A。
【4题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：Bter的儿子多次请求收养一只狗，但Bter不情愿地接受了这只狗。A. intentinally故意地；B. regretfully后悔地；C. immediately立刻地；D. unwillingly不情愿地。根据后文“after repeated requests by her sn”可知，Bter不太愿意让儿子养狗，所以此处需用副词unwillingly不情愿地。故选D。
【5题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. adpt领养；B. train训练；C. adre崇拜，爱慕；D. walk行走。根据前文“He was accepted int the family 4 by Ms Bter ”可知，Bter不太愿意让儿子养狗。故选A。
【6题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：但是Bter女士很快就爱上了这只狗。A. gt away离开；B. kept in tuch保持联系；C. caught up赶上；D. fell in lve爱上。根据后文“And when she pened a mini-market fur years ag, he started t accmpany her t make deliveries.”和空前转折连词but可知，Bter女士喜欢上了小狗Rby。故选D。
【7题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Rby看不懂地址。A. minds思想；B. addresses地址；C. numbers号码；D. receipts收据。根据前文“he started t accmpany her t make deliveries.”和常识可知，因为是狗去送货，不认识字，所以看不懂地址。故选B。
【8题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以，我把货物连同收据放在篮子里寄出去，我的客户通过银行汇款给我。A. treat对待，款待；B. help帮助；C. pay付款；D. impress给……留下印象。根据空后“ me thrugh a bank transfer(转账；转移).”可知，此处指转账付款。故选C。
【9题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Rby可能不知道他已经成为一个必不可少的“工人”。A. essential必不可少的，重要的；B. hnest诚实的；C. ptimistic乐观的；D. adventurus冒险的。因为Rby帮Ms Bter送货，所以他已经成了一个必不可少的“工人”。故选A。
【10题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但他很乐意帮助他的主人和领取他的日常工资。A. spend花费；B. calculate计算；C. cllect领取，收集；D. increase增加。根据前文描述可知，人们会给Rby一些食物作为小费，所以此处指他会领取他的日常报酬。故选C。
第二节语法填空（共10小题, 每小题1.5分; 共15分）
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Tday, there is a trend that the yungsters haven't enugh sleep during the night. Lack f sleep amng children and teenagers in China ___11___(get) wrse in the past ten years, with mre than 80 percent getting insufficient sleep n schl days, a reprt ___12___(publish)n Mnday said. Chinese yungsters slept an average f 7.8 hurs a night n schl days last year, 20 minutes___13___(little) than in 2009，accrding t the reprt frm the Chinese Academy f Sciences 'Institute f Psychlgy.
【答案】11. has gt
12. published
13. less
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。研究报告显示青少年在晚上没有足够的睡眠已经成为一种趋势。
【11题详解】
考查时态。句意：本周一发布的一份报告显示，在过去十年中，我国儿童和青少年睡眠不足问题日益严重，超过80%的儿童和青少年在校期间睡眠不足。根据句中时间状语in the past ten years可知，用一般现在时。句中主语为Lack f sleep，不可数，所以谓语动词用has。故填has gt。
【12题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：本周一发布的一份报告显示，在过去十年中，我国儿童和青少年睡眠不足问题日益严重，超过80%的儿童和青少年在校期间睡眠不足。名词reprt与publish之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作定语。故填published。
【13题详解】
考查短语。句意：中国科学院心理研究所的一份报告显示，去年，中国青少年在校期间每晚的平均睡眠时间为7.8小时，比2009年减少了20分钟。less than少于。故填less。
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Based n AR and VR, the metaverse aims t bring peple clser tgether in an nline setting, enabling them t be cnnected in ways they culdn’t be befre. Imagine ____14____ (attend) a meeting frm the cmfrt f yur cuch, where yu dn’t dress up, but yur avatar des. Yu ____15____ (seat) at a virtual table with ther peple whse reactins and bdy language can be judged just as well as they wuld be in real life. A metaverse culd very likely bring these ____16____ (imagine) t reality, and sn.
【答案】14. attending
15. are seated
16. imaginatins
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了什么是元宇宙。
【14题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：想象一下，坐在舒适的沙发上参加会议，你没有打扮，但你的化身打扮了。imagine ding sth.“想象做某事”，空处应填attend“参加”的动名词形式，作Imagine的宾语。故填attending。
【15题详解】
考查动词语态。句意：你和其他人坐在一张虚拟的桌子旁，你可以对他们的反应和肢体语言进行判断，就像他们在现实生活中一样。本句描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，且主语yu与seat“使……就座”为被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为yu，be动词用are。故填are seated。
【16题详解】
考查名词。句意：元宇宙很可能会很快将这些想象变成现实。空处应用名词imaginatin“想象”，作bring的宾语，被these修饰，应用复数形式。故填imaginatins。
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出 提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Everyne has a sense f humr, but it’s pretty evident that nt everybdy has a gd sense f it. Psychlgists are divided n ____17____ humr is inbrn r learnable. Hwever, there is ne thing that ____18____ (accept) universally s far — the sense f humr is uniquely human. It is assciated with laughter and laughter is assciated with happiness and curage. These are qualities ____19____ (share) with ther frms f life. But if happiness is ne f the gals ____20____ (chase) in life, then it is the sense f humr that prvides the key.
【答案】17. whether
18. has been accepted
19. shared 20. t chase
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章指出幽默是人类所特有的，是幸福的关键。
【17题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：心理学家对幽默是天生的还是可以学习的存在分歧。分析可知，空处引导宾语从句，从句成分完整，但缺少“是否”之意，该从句位于介词n之后，故只能用whether引导。故填whether。
【18题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：然而，有一件事至今已被普遍接受，那就是幽默感是人类所独有的。分析可知，空处为定语从句的谓语动词，主语that指代先行词ne thing，是第三人称单数；结合语境和时间状语s far判断为现在完成时，且that和accept之间为被动关系。故填has been accepted。
【19题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这些都是其他生命形式所共有的品质。分析可知，空处应用非谓语动词作后置定语，share和逻辑主语qualities之间为被动关系，故用过去分词形式。故填shared。
【20题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：但如果幸福是人生追求的目标之一，那么幽默感就是关键。结合句意和句子结构可知，空处用不定式作gals的后置定语，表将来；因gals是chase的逻辑宾语，故用主动表被动。故填t chase。
第二部分: 阅读理解（共两节, 38分）
第一节（共14小题; 每小题2分, 共28分）
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Old and unrestred theatres are all arund us and yet s unnticed. A new phtbk unveils their ften verlked beauty.
Prctr’s Theatre, Newark, New Jersey
Althugh available utdrs frm street sellers, fd was banned in theatres t display respectability. In the late 1920s, hwever, the peratrs in Prctr’s Theatre in Newark began t set up stands t imprve the ecnmic situatin during the Great Depressin. Ppcrn and Cke wuld becme a significant part f the theatre’s incme.
Prctr’s Theatre, Try, New Yrk
Originally pened as Prctr’s Furth Street Theatre in 1914, it hsted famus cmedians such as Jack Benny and Bb Hpe. Frm 1929, it was successively taken ver, renamed as Prctr’s Try Theatre and switched t screening films. In the 1960s, it began playing secnd-run films befre clsing in 1977. It was listed n the Natinal Register f Histric Places (NRHP) in 1979. In 2010, the theatre was repaired but is currently nt being used tday.
RKO Keith’s Flushing Theatre, New Yrk
Originally pened in 1928, RKO Keith’s Flushing Theatre was designed by Thmas Lamb. In 1982, it was listed n the NRHP. In 1986, the theatre was bught and clsed by its new wner wh planned t build a shpping centre n the site, intentinally damaging the hall. In 2019, despite the preservatin effrts, the hall was kncked dwn t make way fr a residential twer blck.
Metrplitan Opera Huse, Philadelphia
The theatre was riginally pened as the Philadelphia Opera Huse in 1908. In the 1920s, it was renamed as the Metrplitan Opera Huse, shwing silent films in additin t hsting varius pera cmpanies. In the 1940s, it became a sprts arena. In 1954, it was turned int a church. In the late 1990s, the building was purchased by Mark Hatcher. The church and the develper came t an agreement n a repair fr a music venue that was cmpleted and repened in 2018.
21. In the late 1920s, Prctr’s Theatre in Newark set up stands t ________.
A. shw respect fr the guestsB. increase the theatre’s incme
C. prmte newly released mviesD. cmpete with the street sellers
22. What can we knw frm the passage?
A. RKO Keith’s Flushing Theatre is well preserved.
B. Prctr’s Theatre in Try plays secnd-run films nw.
C. Metrplitan Opera Huse has witnessed changes in its functin.
D. Prctr’s Theatre in Newark has been fficially listed n the NRHP.
23. What is the purpse f this passage?
A. T rank the ld and unrestred theatres.
B. T shw the develpment f American theatres.
C. T encurage peple t prtect the ld theatres.
D. T prvide infrmatin n verlked ld theatres.
【答案】21. B 22. C 23. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四个被人们忽略的老剧院。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据Prctr’s Theatre, Newark, New Jersey部分的“In the late 1920s, hwever, the peratrs in Prctr’s Theatre in Newark began t set up stands t imprve the ecnmic situatin during the Great Depressin. Ppcrn and Cke wuld becme a significant part f the theatre’s incme.（然而，在20世纪20年代末，纽瓦克的普罗克特剧院的经营者开始设立摊位，以改善大萧条时期的经济状况。爆米花和可乐将成为剧院收入的重要组成部分）”可知，在20世纪20年Prctr’s Theatre in Newark设立（小吃）摊位是为了增加剧院的收入。故选B。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据Metrplitan Opera Huse, Philadelphia部分的“In the 1920s, it was renamed as the Metrplitan Opera Huse, shwing silent films in additin t hsting varius pera cmpanies. In the 1940s, it became a sprts arena. In 1954, it was turned int a church. In the late 1990s, the building was purchased by Mark Hatcher. The church and the develper came t an agreement n a repair fr a music venue that was cmpleted and repened in 2018.（在20世纪20年代，它被重新命名为大都会歌剧院，除了主办各种歌剧公司外，还放映无声电影。在20世纪40年代，它变成了一个运动场。1954年，它被改成了教堂。上世纪90年代末，这栋建筑被Mark Hatcher买下。教堂和开发商就音乐场地的修复达成了协议，该场地于2018年完工并重新开放）”可知，Metrplitan Opera Huse从上世纪20年代到本世纪大约100年间几经变化，从歌剧院到运动场，再到教堂，目前它是一个音乐场地，即Metrplitan Opera Huse的功能发生了变化。故选C。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Old and unrestred theatres are all arund us and yet s unnticed. A new phtbk unveils their ften verlked beauty.（我们周围到处都是未修复的老剧院，却无人注意。一本新的相册揭示了它们经常被忽视的美）”结合下文对四个老剧院的独特之处的介绍可知，本文的目的是提供一些有关被忽略的旧剧院的资料。故选D。
B
Thrughut my 41 years at General Electric, I’ve experienced a lt. In the media, I’ve gne frm prince t pig and back again. And I’ve been called many things.
In the early days, sme called me a crazy, wild man. When I became CEO tw decades ag, Wall Street asked, “Jack wh?”
When I tried t make GE mre cmpetitive by cutting back ur wrkfrce in the early 1980s, the media called me “Neutrn Jack.” When they learned we were fcused n values and culture at GE, peple asked if “Jack has gne sft.” I’ve been N.1 r N. 2 Jack. Services Jack, Glbal Jack, and, in mre recent years, Six Sigma Jack and e-Business Jack.
When we made an effrt t acquire Hneywell in Octber 2000 and I agreed t stay n thrugh the transitin (过渡期), sme thught f me as the Lng-in-the-Tth Jack hanging n by his fingertips t his CEO jb.
Thse characterizatins said less abut me and a lt mre abut the stage ur cmpany went thrugh. Truth is, dwn deep, I’ve never really changed much frm the by my mther raised in Salem, Massachusetts.
When I started n this jurney in 1981, standing befre Wall Street analysts fr the first time at New Yrk’s Pierre Htel, I said I wanted GE t becme “the mst cmpetitive enterprise n earth.” My bjective was t put a small-cmpany spirit in a big-cmpany bdy, t build an rganizatin ut f an ld-line industrial cmpany that wuld be mre high — spirited, mre adaptable, and mre flexible than cmpanies that are ne-fiftieth ur size. I said then that I wanted t create a cmpany “where peple dare t try new things — where peple knw that nly the limits f their creativity and drive, their wn standards f persnal excellence, will be the ceiling n hw far and hw fast they mve.”
I’ve put my mind, my heart, and my curage int that jurney every day f the 40-plus years I’ve been lucky enugh t be a part f GE.
24. Accrding t the first tw paragraphs. the authr__________.
A. had many ups and dwnsB. had a pr image in public
C. became CEO f GE 41 years agD. suffered frm sme mental illnesses
25. As the authr sees it, the many nicknames f him indicate__________.
A. the change f his character with the time
B. the varius pinins f different jurnalists
C. his ppularity amng his friends and relatives
D. his cmpany’s different stages f develpment
26. What des the underlined wrd “jurney” in the last paragraph prbably mean?
A. Taking GE t a new height.B. Travelling frm hme t ffice.
C. Seeking a higher psitin in GE.D. Grwing frm a baby int an adult.
【答案】24. A 25. D 26. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在通用电气公司的职业生涯和心路历程。
【24题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Thrughut my 41 years at General Electric, I’ve experienced a lt. In the media, I’ve gne frm prince t pig and back again. And I’ve been called many things. (在通用电气的41年里，我经历了很多。在媒体上，我从王子变成了猪，然后又变了回来。我也有过很多称呼。)”以及第二段“In the early days, sme called me a crazy, wild man. When I became CEO tw decades ag, Wall Street asked, “Jack wh?” (刚开始的时候，有人说我是一个疯狂、野蛮的人。20年前，当我成为首席执行官时，华尔街问我：“杰克是谁？”)”可知，作者经历了很多起起落落。故选A。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中“Thse characterizatins said less abut me and a lt mre abut the stage ur cmpany went thrugh. (这些描述更多地反映了我们公司所经历的阶段，而不是我自己。)”可知，在作者看来，他的许多绰号表明了他的公司的不同发展阶段。故选D。
【26题详解】
词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段中“I said then that I wanted t create a cmpany “where peple dare t try new things — where peple knw that nly the limits f their creativity and drive, their wn standards f persnal excellence, will be the ceiling n hw far and hw fast they mve.” (我当时说，我想创建一家公司，“在那里，人们敢于尝试新事物，在那里，人们知道，只有他们的创造力和动力的极限，他们自己的个人卓越标准，才是他们前进的距离和速度的上限。”)”和最后一段“I’ve put my mind, my heart, and my curage int that jurney every day f the 40-plus years I’ve been lucky enugh t be a part f GE. (40多年来，我有幸成为通用电气的一员，在这段旅程的每一天，我都倾注了我的心血和勇气。)”可知，作者想要通用电气的员工敢于尝试新事物，发挥创造力，不断进步，即这是一段把通用电气带到一个新的高度的过程，故jurney在此处的意思是“将通用电气带到一个新的高度”。A. Taking GE t a new height将通用电气推向了一个新的高度；B. Travelling frm hme t ffice从家到办公室的旅行；C. Seeking a higher psitin in GE在通用电气公司寻求更高的职位；D. Grwing frm a baby int an adult从婴儿成长为成年人。故选A。
C
Birds Can “Read” Human Gaze
We all knw that peple smetimes change their behavir when smene is lking their way. Nw, a new study reprted nline n April 2nd in Current Bilgy shws that jackdaws — birds related t crws with eyes that appear similar t human eyes — can d the same.
“Jackdaws seem t recgnize the eye’s rle in visual perceptin, r at the very least they are extremely sensitive t the way that human eyes are riented (朝向),” said Auguste vn Bayern, frmerly f the University f Cambridge and nw at the University f Oxfrd.
When presented with a preferred fd, hand-raised jackdaws tk significantly lnger t get the reward when a persn was directing his eyes twards the fd than when he was lking away, accrding t the research team led by Nathan Emery f the University f Cambridge and Queen Mary University f Lndn. The birds hesitated nly when the persn was unfamiliar and thus ptentially threatening.
In additin, the birds were able t interpret human cmmunicative gestures, such as gaze alternatin and pinting, t help them find hidden fd, they fund. The birds were unsuccessful in using unmving cues, including eye gaze r head rientatin.
Unlike mst birds, jackdaws’ eyes have a dark pupil surrunded by a silvery white iris. The researchers said they believe jackdaws are prbably sensitive t human eyes because, as in humans, eyes are an imprtant means f cmmunicatin fr them. The hand-raised birds examined in the study may be even better than wild jackdaws a attending t human gaze and respnding t the gestures f the peple wh have raised them.
The findings are particularly ntable given that mst ther species investigated s far including ur clses relatives the chimpanzee and “man’s best friend,” the dg, are nt particularly sensitive t eye rientatin and eye gaze, vn Bayern said. Rather, she cntinued, chimps and dgs seem t rely n ther cues such as head r bdy rientatin in determining the lking directin f thers. The results suggest that birds may deserve mre respect fr their mental abilities.
“We may have understated the psychlgical wrld f birds,” vn Bayern said. “Jackdaws, amng many ther birds, frm pair ties fr life and need t have much in cmmn and wrk tgether with their partner, which requires an efficient way f cmmunicating and sensitivity t their partner’s viewpint.”
27. A hand-raised jackdaw hesitates t take a preferred fd when the feeder__________.
A. is lking away frm the fdB. hlds the fd in his hand
C. is lking at the fdD. is unfamiliar t the bird
28. Accrding t researchers, jackdaws can ntice human eye rientatin prbably because_________.
A. like humans, they als use eyes t cmmunicate
B they are far mre intelligent than ther birds
C. they are mstly hand-raised by humans
D. their eyes als have a dark pupil
29. Why des the authr refer t chimpanzees and dgs?
A. T suggest that they are much better at interpreting gaze alternatin.
B. T reflect hw unique jackdaws are in being able t ntice gaze rientatin.
C. l shw that they cmmunicate mre frequently with humans than jackdaws.
D. T make clear that they rely n ther means in determining peple’s intentin.
30. What des the research finding suggest?
A. Nt all jackdaws are gd at attending t human gaze.
B We may have understated jackdaws’ mental abilities.
C. We knw embarrassingly less abut birds than we assume.
D. The clser we cmmunicate with animals, the better we understand them.
【答案】27. D 28. A 29. B 30. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了实验发现鸟类可以“读懂”人类的凝视，科学家们推测也许鸟类也是用眼睛交流的，人类一直以来都忽视了鸟类的心理世界。
【27题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“When presented with a preferred fd, hand-raised jackdaws tk significantly lnger t get the reward when a persn was directing his eyes twards the fd than when he was lking away, accrding t the research team led by Nathan Emery f the University f Cambridge and Queen Mary University f Lndn. The birds hesitated nly when the persn was unfamiliar and thus ptentially threatening. (剑桥大学和伦敦玛丽女王大学的研究团队（由内森·埃默里领导）发现，当被给予喜爱的食物时，如果有人在注视着食物，那么人工饲养的寒鸦获取奖励的时间会明显长于那人没有注视食物时。只有当这个人是陌生的且可能构成威胁时，寒鸦才会表现出犹豫。)”可知，当喂食人是不熟悉的人时，鸟类在面对喜欢的食物是犹豫之后才吃，故选D。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段中“Unlike mst birds, jackdaws’ eyes have a dark pupil surrunded by a silvery white iris. The researchers said they believe jackdaws are prbably sensitive t human eyes because, as in humans, eyes are an imprtant means f cmmunicatin fr them. (与大多数鸟类不同，寒鸦的眼睛有一个黑色的瞳孔，周围是银白色的虹膜。研究人员说，他们认为寒鸦可能对人类的眼睛很敏感，因为和人类一样，眼睛是它们重要的交流手段。)”可知，研究人员称，寒鸦能注意到人眼的方向，可能是因为像人类一样，它们也用眼睛交流，故选A。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The findings are particularly ntable given that mst ther species investigated s far, including ur clses relatives the chimpanzee and “man’s best friend,” the dg, are nt particularly sensitive t eye rientatin and eye gaze, vn Bayern said. Rather, she cntinued, chimps and dgs seem t rely n ther cues such as head r bdy rientatin in determining the lking directin f thers. The results suggest that birds may deserve mre respect fr their mental abilities. (冯·拜仁说，考虑到迄今为止研究的大多数其他物种，包括我们的近亲黑猩猩和“人类最好的朋友”狗，对眼睛的方向和凝视并不特别敏感，这一发现尤其值得注意。相反，她继续说，黑猩猩和狗似乎依靠其他信号，如头部或身体的方向，来确定其他动物的视线方向。研究结果表明，鸟类的智力应该得到更多的尊重。)”可知，狗和黑猩猩对眼睛的方向和凝视并不特别敏感，而鸟类不一样，故推知作者提到黑猩猩和狗是为了反映寒鸦能够注意到凝视方向的独特性，故选B。
【30题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段““We may have understated the psychlgical wrld f birds,” vn Bayern said. “Jackdaws, amng many ther birds, frm pair ties fr life and need t have much in cmmn and wrk tgether with their partner, which requires an efficient way f cmmunicating and sensitivity t their partner’s viewpint.” (“我们可能低估了鸟类的心理世界，”冯·拜仁说。“在许多其他鸟类中，寒鸦是终生的伴侣关系，需要有很多共同点，并与伴侣一起工作，这需要一种有效的沟通方式，并对伴侣的观点敏感。”)”可知，研究结果表明了我们可能低估了鸟类的心理世界，故选B。
D
The Secret f Success
The recipe fr succeeding in any given field is hardly a mystery: gd ideas, hard wrk, discipline, imaginatin, perseverance and maybe a little luck. Oh, and let’s nt frget failure, which Dashun Wang and his clleagues at Nrthwestern University call “the essential prerequisite (先决条件) fr success” in a new paper.
But nt every failure leads t success, he adds. And what eventually separates the winners frm the lsers, the research shws, certainly is nt persistence. One f the mre interesting findings in the paper, published last Octber in Nature, is that the peple wh eventually succeeded and the peple wh eventually failed tried basically the same number f times t achieve their gals.
It turns ut that trying again and again nly wrks if yu learn frm yur previus failures. The idea is t wrk smart, nt hard. Yu have t figure ut what wrked and what didn’t, and then fcus n what needs t be imprved instead f struggling arund and changing everything,” says Wang. “The peple wh failed didn’t necessarily wrk less than thse wh succeeded. They culd actually have wrked mre: it’s just that they made mre unnecessary changes.”
As they explred “the mechanisms gverning the dynamics f failure”, Wang’s team identified what they describe as previusly unknwn statistical signatures that separate successful grups frm unsuccessful grups, making it pssible t predict their final utcmes.
One such key indicatr is the time between cnsecutive (连续的) failed attempts, which shuld decrease steadily. In ther wrds, the faster yu fail, the better yur chances f success, and the mre time between attempts, the mre likely yu are t fail again. “If smene has applied fr a grant and they are three failures in,” Wang says, “if we just lk at the timing between the failures, we will be able t predict whether they will eventually succeed r nt.”
Wrking with such large-scale data, Wang and his clleagues were able t identify a critical pint that was cmmn t each f the hundreds f thusands f undertakings they had analyzed, a frk in the rad where ne path leads t a develpment regin and ne leads t a stagnatin regin.
Wang pints ut that the existence f the tipping pint cuts against the traditinal explanatins fr failure r success, such as luck r a persn’s wrk habits. “What we’ re shwing here is that even in the absence f such differences, yu can still have very different utcmes.” he says. What matters is hw peple fail, hw they respnd t failure and where thse failures lead.
31. It can be learned frm Paragraph 2 that________.
A. winners are mre persistent than lsers
B. failure is nt imprtant fr success at all
C. mre trying desn’t necessarily result in success
D. winners and lsers differ in hw many times they tried
32. Wang and his clleagues believe that________.
A. n ne can btain success withut failure
B. failure can smetimes help predict success
C. the perfrmance pattern is difficult t identify
D. the critical pint had been discvered by chance
33. The underlined phrase “a stagnatin regin” in Paragraph 6 refers t a regin________.
A. withut prgressB. beynd recgnitin
C. unknwn t utsidersD. in its elementary stage
34. What is the cnclusin f Wang’s research?
A. Winners try less than lsers. but gain mre.
B. Perseverance is the utmst secret t success.
C. Wrking smart culd turn failures int future successes.
D. Luck and wrk habits hardly make any difference t the result.
【答案】31. C 32. B 33. A 34. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章分析了成功的秘密。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“But nt every failure leads t success, he adds. And what eventually separates the winners frm the lsers, the research shws, certainly is nt persistence. One f the mre interesting findings in the paper, published last Octber in Nature, is that the peple wh eventually succeeded and the peple wh eventually failed tried basically the same number f times t achieve their gals. (但他补充说，并不是每一次失败都会导致成功。研究显示，最终区分赢家和输家的，当然不是坚持不懈。去年10月发表在《自然》杂志上的一篇论文中有一个更有趣的发现，那就是最终成功的人和最终失败的人为实现目标所尝试的次数基本相同。)”可知，更多的尝试不一定会带来成功。故选C。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段中“In ther wrds, the faster yu fail, the better yur chances f success, and the mre time between attempts, the mre likely yu are t fail again. “If smene has applied fr a grant and they are three failures in,” Wang says, “if we just lk at the timing between the failures, we will be able t predict whether they will eventually succeed r nt.” (换句话说，失败的速度越快，成功的机会就越大，两次尝试之间的间隔时间越长，再次失败的可能性就越大。“如果有人申请了一项资助，但他们失败了三次，”王说，“如果我们只看两次失败之间的时间间隔，我们就能预测他们最终是否会成功。”)”可知，从两次失败的时间间隔可以帮助预测最终是否能成功，即失败有时可以帮助预测成功。故选B。
【33题详解】
词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段“Wrking with such large-scale data, Wang and his clleagues were able t identify a critical pint that was cmmn t each f the hundreds f thusands f undertakings they had analyzed, a frk in the rad where ne path leads t a develpment regin and ne leads t a stagnatin regin. (利用如此大规模的数据，王和他的同事们能够在他们分析的数十万个企业中找到一个共同的临界点，这是一个岔路口，一条路通向发展区域，一条路通向a stagnatin regin。)”可知，这个临界点导致两个不同的结果，即一个是“develpment regin (发展区域)”，那么与之相对的可以推断出是“停滞区域，非发展区”。a stagnatin regin的含义为“停滞区域，非发展区”。A. withut prgress没有进展；B. beynd recgnitin认不出来；C. unknwn t utsiders外人不知道；D. in its elementary stage处于初级阶段。故选A。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“It turns ut that trying again and again nly wrks if yu learn frm yur previus failures. The idea is t wrk smart, nt hard. “Yu have t figure ut what wrked and what didn’t, and then fcus n what needs t be imprved instead f struggling arund and changing everything,” says Wang. “The peple wh failed didn’t necessarily wrk less than thse wh succeeded. They culd actually have wrked mre: it’s just that they made mre unnecessary changes.”（事实证明，只有从以前的失败中吸取教训，一次又一次的尝试才会成功。关键是要聪明地工作，而不是努力工作。“你必须弄清楚什么有效，什么无效，然后专注于需要改进的地方，而不是挣扎着改变一切，”王说。“失败者并不一定比成功者工作得少。他们其实可以做得更多:只是他们做了更多不必要的改变。”）”以及最后一段中““What we’ re shwing here is that even in the absence f such differences, yu can still have very different utcmes.” he says. What matters is hw peple fail, hw they respnd t failure and where thse failures lead. (他说：“我们在这里展示的是，即使没有这些差异，你仍然可以得到非常不同的结果。”重要的是人们如何失败，他们如何应对失败，以及这些失败会导致什么。)”可知，王的研究结果表明并不是每一次失败都会导致成功，真正导致成功的是弄清楚人们如何失败，他们如何应对失败，以及这些失败会导致什么，然后进行改变，即聪明地工作可以把失败变成未来的成功。故选C。
第二节（共5小题; 每小题2分, 共10分）
根据短文内容, 从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空向处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余项。
Lifelng Musicians Have Better Hearing
Playing a musical instrument thrughut yur life prtects yur hearing, a Canadian study suggests. The study, which was published in Psychlgy and Aging, carried ut hearing tests n 74 adult musicians and 89 nn-musicians. ___35___
Actin n Hearing Lss said all peple - including musicians - shuld try t prevent hearing damage.___36___ By sixty, 10-30% f peple have mderate hearing lss. By eighty, that ges up t as many as 60%. Prblems are particularly seen in the central auditry prcessing system, which is assciated with understanding speech, especially when there is backgrund nise.
Then a research, by a team at the Rtman Research Institute in Trnt, lked at adults were affected as they aged. They chse bth musicians and nn-musicians frm the age f 18 t 91 and divided them int different grups based n the age. Again musicians were significantly better at picking ut speech against nise in all the age ranges.
___37___ Benjamin Zendel, wh was part f the research team, said: “We fund that being a musician may cntribute t better hearing in ld age, prbably due t musicians using their hearing systems at a high level n a regular basis. This advantage widened cnsiderably fr musicians as they gt lder when cmpared t similar-aged nn-musicians.”
This study suggests that musicians might be mre able t deal with the cnsequences f hearing lss.___38___ As Dr. Ralph Hlme said, all peple-including musicians-shuld try t prevent hearing damage in the first place. It’s necessary fr everyne wh plays a musical instrument r listens t lud music t wear hearing prtectin.___39___
A. Hearing nrmally declines as peple age.
B. Previus studies explained the reasns fr hearing lss.
C. That can effectively reduce the risk f damaging their hearing permanently.
D. Still, it is far better t minimize damage by using apprpriate ear prtectin.
E. They believed musicians are als likely t experience age-related hearing prblems.
F. The researchers cncluded that lifelng musicianship delays age-related changes in hearing.
G. It fund a 70-year-ld musician’s was as gd as that f a 50-year-ld wh didn’t play.
【答案】35. G 36. A 37. F 38. D 39. C
【解析】
【分析】根据加拿大一项研究表明：人生中会演奏一种乐器能够保护你的听力。但是包括音乐家的所有人都要尽力避免听声音过大的音乐，演奏乐器的人携带听力保护装置很有必要。
【35题详解】
根据空格前The study, which was published in Psychlgy and Aging, carried ut hearing tests n 74 musicians and 89 nn-musicians.得知，实验中对74名音乐人士和89名没学过音乐的人进行观察对比。接下来要说实验结果。故选G。
【36题详解】
根据空格后By sixty, 10-30% f peple have sme hearing lss. By eighty, that ges up t as many as 60%.得知，年龄越大听力受损越严重，通常人们随着年长听力下降符合题意。故选A。
【37题详解】
根据空格后We fund that being a musician may cntribute t better hearing in ld age, prbably due t musicians using their hearing systems at a high level n a regular basis得知，研究发现，成为音乐家可能有助于降低年老带来的听力问题。故选F。
【38题详解】
根据空格后As Dr. Ralph Hlme said, all peple—including musicians—shuld try t prevent hearing damage in the first place.得知，Ralph Hlme博士指出所有人要尽力保护听力。这项研究表明，音乐家可能更能处理听力损失的后果，但仍然需要通过适当的听力保护来减少听力损失。故选D。
【39题详解】
根据空格前It’s necessary fr everyne wh plays a musical instrument r listens t lud music t wear hearing prtectin.得知，演奏乐器的人携带听力保护装置很有必要。接下来要说这样做的好处。故选C。
第三部分:书面表达（共两节,32分）
第一节阅读表达（共4小题;第40、41小题各2分,第42小题3分,第43小题5分,共12分）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。
Is it better fr ur bdies t wrk ut at certain times f the day? Scientists have knwn fr sme time that every tissue in ur bdies cntains a kind f bilgical clck that ges ff in respnse t messages related t ur daily expsure t light, fd and sleep.
Hwever, whether and hw exercise timing might influence metablic (新陈代谢的) health has been less clear, and the results f past experiments have nt always agreed. A much-discussed 2019 study fund that men with Type 2 diabetes (糖尿病) wh cmpleted a few minutes f high-intensity interval (间隔) sessins in the afternn imprved their bld-sugar cntrl after tw weeks. Patrick Schrauwen, a prfessr f nutritin and mvement sciences read that 2019 study with interest. He had been studying exercise in peple with Type 2 diabetes, but had nt cnsidered the pssible rle f timing. Nw, seeing the varying impacts f the intense wrkuts, he wndered if the timing f wrkuts might similarly affect hw the wrkuts changed peple’s metablisms.
Incidentally, he and his clleagues had a ready-made surce f data in their wn prir experiment. Several years earlier, they had asked adult men at high risk fr Type 2 diabetes t ride statinary bicycles at the lab three times a week fr 12 weeks, while the researchers tracked their metablic health. They als had nted when the riders shwed up fr their wrkuts. The researchers pulled data fr the 12 men wh cnsistently had wrked ut between 8 and 10 a.m. and cmpared them with anther 20 wh always exercised between 3 and 6 p.m. They fund that the benefits f afternn wrkuts far utweighed thse f mrning exercise.
He says, “This study des suggest that afternn exercise may be mre beneficial fr peple with disturbed metablisms than the same exercise dne earlier. The particular and mst effective exercise fr each f us will line up with ur daily rutines and exercise tendencies because exercise is gd fr us at any time f day—but nly if we chse t keep ding it.”
40. What inspired Prfessr Schrauwen t carry ut the research related t the timing f wrkuts?
41. What did Schrauwen’s new study figure ut?
42. Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
Prfessr Schrauwen and his clleagues carried ut the research by using the newly-cllected data and making cmparisns between tw different subject grups.
43. When d yu think is the best time fr yu t exercise? Why? (abut 40 wrds)
【答案】40. The 2019 study.
41. Fr sme peple, it is better t wrk ut in the afternn.
42. Prfessr Schrauwen and his clleagues carried ut the research by using the newly-cllected data and making cmparisns between tw different subject grups.
Accrding t the passage, Prfessr Schrauwen and his clleagues didn’t cllect any new data t d the research. They made use f the ready-made surce f data frm their wn prir experiment.
43. 略
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇科学研究。文章通过研究两个患有糖尿病的男性在不同的运动时间下其新陈代谢的不同，来说明运动时间选择的重要性以及它对我们新陈代谢健康的影响，进一步说明我们应该适当的选好适合自己的锻炼时间，来改善身体状况。
【40题详解】
考查细节理解。根据文章第二段“A much-discussed 2019 study fund that men with Type 2 diabetes (糖尿病) wh cmpleted a few minutes f high-intensity interval (间隔) sessins in the afternn imprved their bld-sugar cntrl after tw weeks. Patrick Schrauwen, a prfessr f nutritin and mvement sciences read that 2019 study with interest.（2019年一项备受争议的研究发现，2型糖尿病患者在下午完成几分钟的高强度间歇训练后，两周后血糖控制得到了改善。营养和运动科学教授帕特里克·施劳文饶有兴趣地阅读了2019年的这项研究。）”可知，是2019年的这项研究促使施劳文教授进行这项与锻炼时间有关的研究的，故答案为The 2019 study.
【41题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第三段“They fund that the benefits f afternn wrkuts far utweighed thse f mrning exercise.（他们发现下午锻炼的好处远远大于早晨锻炼的好处。）”以及第四段“This study des suggest that afternn exercise may be mre beneficial fr peple with disturbed metablisms than the same exercise dne earlier.（这项研究确实表明，下午锻炼对代谢紊乱的人可能比早些时候做同样的锻炼更有益。）”可知，教授的新研究发现对于一些人来讲，在下午运动会更好，故答案为Fr sme peple, it is better t wrk ut in the afternn.
【42题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第三段“Incidentally, he and his clleagues had a ready-made surce f data in their wn prir experiment. Several years earlier, they had asked adult men at high risk fr Type 2 diabetes t ride statinary bicycles at the lab three times a week fr 12 weeks, while the researchers tracked their metablic health. （顺便说一句，他和他的同事在他们之前的实验中有现成的数据来源。几年前，他们曾要求患有2型糖尿病的高风险成年男性每周在实验室骑3次固定自行车，持续12周，而研究人员则跟踪他们的代谢健康状况。”）可知，Schrauwen教授和他的同事没有收集任何新的数据来做研究。他们利用了自己先前实验中现成的数据来源，故答案为Prfessr Schrauwen and his clleagues carried ut the research by using the newly-cllected data and making cmparisns between tw different subject grups.
Accrding t the passage, Prfessr Schrauwen and his clleagues didn’t cllect any new data t d the research. They made use f the ready-made surce f data frm their wn prir experiment.
【43题详解】
开放题。表述自己的观点并解释原因。注意字数控制在40词左右。
第二节 写作（20分）
44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你班的交换生Jim对中华传统文化感兴趣，准备下学期选修一门相关课程，向你征询建议。请给Jim写一封邮件，内容包括：
1. 推荐一门选修课；
2. 说明推荐的理由；
3. 提出学习这门课程的建议。
注意：1. 词数不少于50；
2. 邮件的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
____________________________________________________________________________________________
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Yurs,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
I am glad that yu are interested in Chinese culture and eager t explre mre.
I think the Ancient Petry is yur best chice. By learning Chinese ancient pems, yu can have an extensive knwledge f histry and culture in ancient China. Als, yu can feel the charm f the language by reading pems, which helps t imprve yur Chinese. T fllw the curse well, yu’d better read and recite as many pems as pssible. Besides, it is a gd idea t search fr related backgrund knwledge s that yu will fully understand the cnceptin f petry.
What d yu think f the curse? I am sure yu will have a lt f fun frm it.
Yurs,
Li Hua
【解析】
【详解】本篇是一篇书信类提纲作文，写作时注意以下几点：
1.仔细阅读有关提示，弄清提供的所有信息，明确有哪些要点：a 推荐一门选修课；b 说明推荐的理由；c 提出学习这门课程的建议。
2.提纲是文章的总体框架，要在提纲的范围内进行分析，构思和想象。要依据提示情景和语句，按照一定的逻辑来写。
3.根据要表达的内容确定句子的时态，语态，就本文而言，应该用一般现在时。
4.注意使用高级词汇和高级句式，以增加文章的亮点。
5. 提纲性文章难点：扩充成句，因为提纲性文章主题内容已经基本列出，在将短句扩充时，要精炼。
【范文亮点】
本文语言精炼，并使用了高级句式，如：yu can feel the charm f the language by reading pems, which helps t imprve yur Chinese.定语从句；By learning Chinese ancient pems, yu can have an extensive knwledge f histry and culture in ancient China.非谓语结构；it is a gd idea t search fr related backgrund knwledge s that yu will fully understand the cnceptin f petry.形式主语结构。