辽宁省沈文新高考研究联盟2024-2025学年高三上学期10月月考英语试卷（Word版附解析）

这是一份辽宁省沈文新高考研究联盟2024-2025学年高三上学期10月月考英语试卷（Word版附解析），文件包含辽宁省沈文新高考研究联盟2024-2025学年高三上学期10月月考英语试题含答案docx、2025辽宁省沈文新高考研究联盟高三上学期10月月考英语听力mp3等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共46页， 欢迎下载使用。
第一部分 听力(共两节)
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
When will the mvie end?
A. At 8:00.
B. At 10:00.
C. At 10:30.
2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What des the club need?
A. A drum.
B. A vilin.
C. Tw pians.
3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
Why des the man feel srry fr the wman?
A. Her mther was ill.
B. She failed t meet Emma.
C. She missed the picnic.
4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
Where did the wman prbably play ftball?
A In the yard.
B. In the park.
C. In the street.
5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What’s the cnversatin mainly abut?
A. Repairing a car.
B. Handling an accident.
C. Imprving driving skills.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
6. What des Rn think f his cking ability?
A. Basic.
B. Creative.
C. Expert.
7. Why des Rn prefer grilling?
A. It is simple.
B. It is dne utside.
C. It prduces tasty fd.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
8. What animal des the wman prbably prefer?
A. Rabbits.
B. Snakes.
C. Parrts.
9. Where des the cnversatin prbably take place?
A. In the z.
B. In a pet shp.
C. In an animal shelter.
10. What will the wman d next?
A. G hme.
B. Have a party.
C. Stay here.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
11. What wrries Clare?
A. Taking a curse.
B. Having an exam.
C. Making ntes.
12. What is the man’s view n the ntes?
A. They are quite frmal.
B. They are perfectly cmplete.
C. They are unnecessarily lng.
13. What des the man suggest the wman d?
A. Use symbls.
B. Imprve memry.
C. Remember key terms.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
14. What happened t Laura in the Suth Ple?
A. Her fingers gt hurt.
B. Her glasses brke.
C. Sme stries frightened her.
15. Why was the trip t Australia the wrst ne?
A. The laptp was stlen.
B. The wner failed his duty.
C The plice were unprfessinal.
16. Hw des Laura spend a nrmal hliday?
A. By reading a lt.
B. By learning bat riding.
C. By enjying herself leisurely.
17. What is Laura’s next plan?
A. Ging t islands.
B. Getting married.
C. Climbing a muntain.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
18. Where did the speaker use t live as a child?
A. In the city.
B. In a village.
C. In the twn.
19. What des the speaker d?
A. She is a writer.
B. She is an editr.
C. She is a village fficial.
20. Why des the speaker g back t the tree?
A. T display her success.
B. T get inspiratin.
C. T shw her regret.
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项。
A
Want t knw all the ins-and-uts regarding the Paris 2024 Olympics? Then yu’ve cme t the right place! Belw yu will find all the infrmatin abut the new Olympic sprts.
Olympic skatebarding
Wh will fllw in the ftsteps f Mmiji Nishiya, the first Olympic skatebarding champin, wh was crwned at the last Games at the age f 13? The answer will be revealed in Paris this summer. Speed, technique, mastery f the bard will be required t successfully perfrm the mst beautiful tricks.
Olympic sprts climbing
With its secnd time entering the Olympics, sprts climbing has three branches: Speed, Buldering (抱石攀岩) and Lead. Speed is all abut the speed f climbing. Buldering is all abut climbing a bulder n a wall and Lead requires athletes t climb a difficult rute 20 meters high.
Olympic surfing
The Olympics will be held in Paris, but what abut Olympic surfing? There is ne venue (场地) that is literally n the ther side f the wrld. The lcatin Teahup, n the island f Tahiti, is where Olympic surfing will take place. This island is part f French Plynesia, between Australia and Suth America.
Olympic breakdancing
Breakdancing is the new Olympic sprt that will make its first appearance in Paris 2024. Hw t establish a grading system withut taking away the artistic freedm at the same time? The pints shuld be based n creativity and musicality, a gray area that depends a lt n feeling and thus has a lt f subjectivity t it.
Lking fr a handy list f all sprts? Click here! Thrughut Paris there are all kinds f stadiums and arenas (竞技场) where sprting events are held. Nt nly Paris itself but als the surrunding suburbs f the capital f France set the stage fr the Olympic Games!
21. Which sprt is entering the Olympics fr the first time in Paris 2024?
A. Olympic skatebarding.B. Olympic sprts climbing.
C. Olympic surfing.D. Olympic breakdancing.
22. Which f the fllwing statements is crrect?
A. Olympic skatebarding requires a high level f physical strength.
B. Three branches f Olympic sprts climbing evaluate varius sides f skills.
C. All the abve fur Olympic events will be held in Paris.
D. The scring f Olympic breakdancing is highly bjective.
23. Where is the text prbably taken frm?
A. A sprts website.B. A health magazine.
C A travel brchure.D. An Olympic news reprt.
B
Eva, the Belgian Malinis, is hme nw, getting a well-deserved rest surrunded by new tys after nearly dying while prtecting her human frm a muntain lin.
The attack happened n May 16 in nrthern Califrnia when 24-year-ld Erin Wilsn headed dwn a path tward the Trinity River befre she fund herself crnered by a muntain lin. “I was just walking dwn the slpe with the dg running ahead f’ me. I turned arund and there was this cat just grwling at me and it attacked me, ”Wilsn tld NPR. “I screamed fr Eva and she came running. ”
Muntain lin attacks n humans are incredibly rare. Since 1890, Califrnia has recrded nly six fatal muntain lin attacks because f the animal’s generally shy, reclusive (独处的) nature. Their preferred prey is deer, which are nrmally in abundance in their frested habitat, but recent drught cnditins have made fd scarce in sme areas. Wilsn thught that these cnditins made the sudden appearance f a slim wman lk like an attractive ptin.
T prtect her human, Eva leapt between Wilsn and the lin, tackling the wild cat and embarked n a life-and-death struggle between the tw animals. After a shrt fight, the muntain lin gt its jaws arund Eva’s head and Wilsn fught t free her dg. hitting the lin with rcks in an attempt t break its grip. Eventually, Wilsn ran back t her truck and flagged dwn passing mtrist Sharn Hustn Fetching an irn bar frm her truck. Wilsn and Hustn ran back dwn the trail and their cmbined effrts managed t frighten the big cat ff.
Wunded herself and shaken by the experience, Wilsn still managed t carry Eva back t the Animal Hspital. The 2-year-ld dg didn’t need surgery, but her wunds were still extensive. Eva left the animal hspital n May 19 with surgical tape wrapped arund bth her frnt paws, and the veterinarian said she might lse sight in her left eye.
24. What made Erin Wilsn the target f the muntain lin?
A. The abundant deer in their frested habitat.
B. The lack f prey due t extreme cnditins.
C. The muntain lin’s shy and reclusive nature.
D. The slim and attractive appearance f Wilsn.
25. What d the underlined wrds “embarked n” mean in paragraph 4?
A. Prceeded with.B. Dawned n.C. Wrapped up.D. Kicked ff
26. Hw did Wilsn drive the muntain lin ff?
A. She freed a dg and threw rcks at it fiercely.
B. She stpped a passing driver and brke its grip.
C. She gathered lcal peple and shuted ludly at it.
D. She used a tl and scared it away with anther driver.
27. Which f the fllwing can best describe Eva accrding t the passage?
A. Heric and lyal.B. Obedient and adrable.
C. Friendly and dependable.D. Curageus and naughty.
C
When caught in the rain, we have all run fr cver—ften t a nearby tree. On the way, we step ver shrt-lived puddles and hastily frmed streams, marveling at hw quickly the sil changes frm supprtive and predictable t untrustwrthy:slippery, sft, and spngy. At first chance we tend t flee,skipping further bservatin.
Given that direct bservatins are ften impracticable, remte bservatin systems are crucial fr capturing phenmena that are frequent and unpredictable. Hwever, the Bimbache cmmunity f ElHierr bserved water running dwn tree bar k during fg events and captured it fr life and agriculture in 1764. If mre cntemprary hydrlgists(水文学家) had watched fg by trees, frest managers may nt have lgged the Bull Run Watershed, which reduced lcal rainfall by 30% in 1982.
Water science faces criticism because f a“techn ptimism that tries t slve all prblems”. In fact, this issue extends beynd water science. An interdisciplinary research team led by Jhn T. VanStan frm Cleveland State University argues that scientists shuld g beynd the labratry t directly bserve weather phenmena. The researchers insist that hands-n bservatin f strm events is crucial fr cmprehending the cmplexities f wet weather.
“Natural scientists seem increasingly cntent t stay dry and rely n remte sensrs and samplers,mdels, and virtual experiments t understand natural systems. Cnsequently, we can miss imprtant strmy phenmena, imaginative inspiratins, and pprtunities t build intuitin—all f which are critical t scientific prgress,” said Van Stan’s team.
This type f“umbrella science”, they warn, can miss imprtant lcalized events. Fr instance, in describing rainwater’s flw frm the frest treetps t the sils, the authrs nte that“if several branches efficiently capture and carry strmwaters t the stem, rainwater inputs t near-stem sils can be mre than100 times greater.”Likewise, water vapr(水蒸气) cluds trapped beneath frest treetp cvers may escape remte detectin, yet be sensitive t scientists n the grund. At the brader scale, these versights can affect Grund Earth systems mdels, which ften underestimate frest treetp water strage.
Direct bservatin, hwever, has gne beynd making up fr the shrtcmings f“umbrella science.”Van Stan and clleagues see cre value in firsthand strm experiences—nt nly fr natural scientists, but als students studying climate change impacts n ecsystems.
28. Hw d peple tend t react t rain?
A. In a defensive manner.B. In a scientific manner.
C. With a wait-and-see attitude.D. With an bservatin-riented attitude.
29. Why are the examples in paragraph 2 used?
A. T argue that direct bservatins are unachievable.
B. T prve that distance bservatin systems make sense.
C. T justify direct bservatin that is assumed unwrkable.
D. T jke abut techn ptimism that fails t slve all prblem.
30. What des Van Stan’s research team argue in terms f hands-n bservatin?
A. It is effrtless and precise.B. It is virtual and accepted.
C. It is cmplex yet time-saving.D. It is crucial yet verlked
31. What wuld the authr prbably discuss in the paragraph that fllws?
A. The grunds f starting the research.
B. The scientific values f cnducting the research.
C. The strengths f the research fr ec-majr learners.
D. The expert evaluatins f the research acrss disciplines.
D
Imagine this. Yu need an image f a balln fr a wrk presentatin and turn t an AI text- t- image generatr t create a suitable image. Yu enter the prmpt (提示词) “red balln against a blue sky” but the generatr return s an image f an egg instead.
What’s ging n? The generatr yu’re using may have been “pisned”. What des this mean? Text- t- image generatrs wrk by being trained n large datasets that include millins r billins f images. Sme f the generatrs have been trained by indiscriminately scraping nline images, many f which may be under . This has led t many cpyright infringement (侵害) cases where artists have accused big tech cmpanies f stealing and prfiting frm their wrk.
This is als where the idea f “pisn” cmes in. Researchers wh want t empwer individual artists have recently created a tl named “Nightshade” t fight back against unauthrised image scraping. The tl wrks by slightly altering an image’s pixels (像素) in a way that cnfuses the cmputer visin system but leaves the image unaltered t a human’s eyes. If an rganizatin then scrapes ne f these images t train a future AI mdel, its data pl becmes “pisned”. This can result in mistaken learning, which makes the generatr return unintended results. As in ur earlier example, a balln might becme an egg.
The higher the number f “pisned” images in the training data, the greater the impact. Because f hw generative AI wrks, the damage frm “pisned” images als affects related prmpt keywrds.
Pssibly, tls like Nightshade can be abused by sme users t intentinally uplad “pisned” images in rder t cnfuse AI generatrs. But the Nightshade’s develper hpes the tl will make big tech cmpanies mre respectful f . It des challenge a cmmn belief amng cmputer scientists that data fund nline can be used fr any purpse they see fit.
Human rights activists, fr example, have been cncerned fr sme time abut the indiscriminate use f machine visin in wider sciety. This cncern is particularly serius cncerning facial recgnitin. There is a clear cnnectin between facial recgnitin cases and data pisning, as bth relate t larger questins arund technlgical gvernance. It may be better t see data pisning as an innvative slutin t the denial f sme fundamental human rights.
32. The underlined wrd “scraping” (para. 2) is clsest in meaning t ______.
A. facilitatingB. cllectingC. damagingD. plishing
33. Accrding t the passage, adding pisned data might ______.
A. increase the accuracy f returned infrmatin
B. lead users t frget the prmpt key wrds
C. cause truble t with the training f generative AI
D. discriminate against great masterpieces
34. What can be inferred frm the last tw paragraphs?
A. Data pisning is smehw justified t direct attentin t human rights.
B. Cmputer scientists has learned t respect the f mst artists.
C. Nightshade is being abused by human rights activists t recgnize faces.
D. The issue f technlgical gvernance has arused the lawyers’ interest,
35. Which f the fllwing might be the best title f the passage?
A. Data Pisning: Gvernment Empwering Citizens t Prtect Themselves
B. Data Pisning: Addressing Facial Recgnitin Issues Amng Artists
C. Data Pisning: Risks and Rewards f Generative AI Data Training
D. Data Pisning: Restricting Innvatin r Empwering Artists
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Pursue Yur Dreams Tday, Nt Tmrrw
Have yu caught yurself daydreaming abut yur dreams? We ften pstpne ur dreams, trapped in a cycle f delay. But why wait? _______36_______ Yu dn’t have t take a huge, life-changing step. Yu can take minute steps tward a brighter future. And start right nw.
_______37_______ If yu never try, yu’re ging t be weighed dwn by yur regrets. Yu’re always ging t wnder hw yur life wuld’ve turned ut if yu actually tk a chance n yurself. Dn’t let yur future self be disappinted by yur present self.
It desn’t matter hw ld yu are r hw many peple have warned yu that yu’re never ging t succeed. Even the mst successful peple have had their hesitatins abut whether they had what it tk t make it in their field._______38_______Embrace a mindset f determinatin, knwing that success is within yur reach.
At the end f the day, yu need t carve ut a path fr yurself that will lead t the mst satisfactin. If yu allw yur fear t get the best f yu, yu’re never ging t frgive yurself. ______39______. It’s what yu wuld encurage yur friends t d, s why aren’t yu giving yurself
that same push?
Smetimes, fllwing yur passin means spending a lt f yur time each day. It may require making slight adjustments t yur schedule, but yu dn’t have t sacrifice everything t fllw yur hearts. Try t strike a balance between yur current life and yur dreams._______40_______
Pursue yur dreams nw, even thugh that means yu might need t break ut f yur cmfrt zne, and even thugh it means entering the unknwn.
A. Ask yurself what wuld be wrse.
B. Starting small is cmpletely acceptable.
C. Yu we it t yurself t g after yur dreams.
D. New pprtunities may lead t persnal grwth.
E. If things g well, yu can gradually make further shifts.
F. Yu need t mve past yur insecurities and explre yur full ptential.
G. Hard as it is, it’s crucial t wave ff the dubts in the back f yur mind.
第三部分 语言知识与运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节：完形填空(共15题，每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Yu witness a man uses abusive (辱骂的) language twards his mther in a grcery stre. Or yu hear smene saying smething mean t yur friend at a party. Bth are____41____in which bystander interventin (干预) culd make a difference.____42____, hwever, when____43____with such situatin, we may nt be sure what t d. Yu are nt alne. “When peple are standing in a crwd and smething bad happens, they tend t be____44____,” said Alan Berken, an expert n the Bystander Effect.
Hwever, the latest research shws that mst peple feel willing t help when they can. When they d nt help, it is because they____45____d nt feel they have the____46____t d s r are unsure abut safety. “Actually, yu can prepare yurself t be an active bystander by____47____the Fur D’s: distract, delegate (委托), delay r dcument,” says Alan. “An active bystander helps t challenge____48____behavir.”
Distractin is a gd start. Take the case f the man abusing his mther in the grcery stre, dn’t give the man a face-t-face blame, instead an active bystander can____49____intervene by asking the man hw t chse a ripe watermeln. This can help t ease the_____50_____, which may turn the table.
As anther_____51_____, yu can delegate. While witnessing vilence, yu can tell smene else t_____52_____the authrities. Thirdly, asking the victim whether there is anything that yu can d t help can als_____53_____the upgrading f the situatin.
Lastly, yu can videtape the behavir with yur cellphne. This dcumenting can be a_____54_____t a wuld-be perpetratr (作恶者). But yu have t be_____55_____nt t intervene in a way that culd cause harm t yu r the victim.
41. A. circumstancesB. psitinsC. surrundingsD. lcatins
42 A. HpefullyB. ThankfullyC. UndubtedlyD. Unfrtunately
43. A. knckedB. facedC. sufferedD. blcked
44. A. at riskB. in angerC. at a lssD. in a hurry
45. A. allB. eitherC. bthD. neither
46. A. talentB. giftC. abilityD. habit
47. A. adptingB. adaptingC. replacingD. rebuilding
48. A. artificialB. beneficialC. impssibleD. imprper
49. A. firmlyB. indirectlyC. severelyD. cnfidently
50. A. tpicB. cnversatinC. atmsphereD. wrry
51. A. causeB. ptinC. realityD. effect
52. A. blameB. fundC. infrmD. pst
53. A. helpB. cnfirmC. escapeD. delay
54. A. tipB. trickC. cheatD. warning
55. A. carefulB. nervusC. scaredD. wrried
第二节：语法填空(共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Since July 2019, China’s nline fd-delivery platfrm Eleme _____56_____ (carry) ut a new service f picking up garbage frm its users in Shanghai.
The service cmes after _____57_____ recently-released regulatin n waste management in Shanghai. Individuals that thrw away their garbage _____58_____ being srted ut can be fined up t 200 yuan, while cmpanies and _____59_____ (rganize) can face fines up t 50,000 yuan.
The trash takeaway service requires residents t srt _____60_____ (they) wn garbage befre it is picked up by wrkers frm Eleme, _____61_____ will definitely dispse f the waste in the crrect garbage bins.
It’s bvius that this service is cnvenient t the ld, _____62_____ (especial) t the disabled custmers. _____63_____, many netizens n Sina Weib dn’t think Eleme is prviding a wnderful service, _____64_____(cmplain) it just wants t make mney. They think 12 yuan fr an rder is t much. Besides, many mre peple dubt ______65______ these cllectrs will wash their hands after dealing with the trash.
第四部分：写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节：应用文写作(满分15分)
66. 假定你是李华，留学生朋友Peter借给你一本英文名著《飘》(Gne with the Wind)，可是你不小心损坏了。请你给他写封邮件，内容包括：
1.表示道歉；
2.解释损坏原因；
3.提出补救办法。
注意：
1.写作词数应为80个左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Peter,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
第二节 读后续写(满分25分)
67. 阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
I always hpe fr sme student wh pssesses that unusual capability t cnvey feeling， insight, and passin thrugh art. It desn’t happen ften, but it did ne summer hliday - and frm a wnderfully unexpected surce.
That summer, I vlunteered t teach a summer schl art class fr high schl freshmen. When I arrived n the first day, the students were gruping in the center f the classrm, except fr a red-haired girl named Emma wh tk a desk in the back rw. I lked ver what wuld be my wrkspace fr the fllwing days. There were large windws with plenty f light and I sptted several kinds f trees utside that wuld serve as mdels.
Emma was always the earliest t get t ur classes，and I culd feel her effrt. Hwever, she kept her seat in the back rw as thugh being ignred was smething t hpe fr. I asked ne ppular girl, wh said, “She is an rphan. We try t be friendly, but she acts like she’s in anther wrld.” I said, “All right. Let’s try t make this summer the gd part f Emma’s life, OK?” There was n answer in wrds but she ndded, telling me she understd and empathized - gd kid, at heart.
During the fllwing days, I culd feel ther students’ kindness t Emma. Smetimes, Emma even talked and drew with them, but she still kept a certain distance frm me. When I asked t see her wrk, she leaned frward cvering it with her frearms. Treating her in any special way nly seemed t emphasize her painful dissimilarity, s I limited my cmmunicatin with her t a gd mrning smile.
The summer went by quickly and everyne gt much better at drawing. S did Emma’s behavir. We had a lt f fun in the prcess, but the last day came at the right time. The kids filed in and watched me write the assignment n the whitebard: Draw a picture titled: “A Place I Lve”.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
I walked arund, watching the drawings develp.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
It was Emma’s turn t shw her drawing.
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2024-2025（上）10月月度质量监测
高 三 英 语 听力录音文稿
【命题组织单位：辽宁沈文新高考研究联盟】
Part1.听力试音文稿
Is it OK t precrastinate?
Yu’ve heard f prcrastinatin, putting ff tasks yu’d rather avid ding until yu have t, but what abut precrastinatin? The name gives a clue. Pre- means befre, s it’s the ppsite—cmpleting tasks befre yu need t. S, why d we precrastinate, and is it a gd thing, r nt?
Precrastinatin is clsely linked t anxiety and neurticism. Peple want t finish tasks early s they dn’t have t wrry abut them any mre. Ed Wasserman, a prfessr f experimental psychlgy at the University f Iwa, said precrastinatin is “the inclinatin t cmplete tasks quickly just fr the sake f getting things dne sner rather than later”. This means yu’re ding smething early at the expense f smething else. That culd be a physical, financial r mental expense. Imagine yu submit an essay a week befre the deadline. Yu feel a huge sense f relief that it’s ver, but als can’t add the last-minute tips yur teachers gave yu. If yur marks are then lwer than they culd be, will yu feel better in the lng run? Pssibly nt. Als, if tasks are rushed, they are mre likely t be less carefully planned, s results culd be incmplete r inaccurate.
But we live in a fast-paced wrld, s it’s hardly surprising that we want t tick ff tasks as sn as we can. David Rsenbaum, a prfessr f psychlgy at the University f Califrnia, believes “It shuld be agreed in ur sciety that it’s OK t smell the flwers. T be deliberate, mindful and t be allwed t slw dwn.”
If yu think yu are a precrastinatr, what can yu d t still feel prductive? Priritise and categrise tasks. What needs t be dne straight away, and what can be put ff? Recgnise that sme tasks need breathing rm—they can even benefit frm it.
Part2.听力录音文稿
Text 1
M: I'll pick yuup arund7:30. The mvie starts at 8:00
W: The what abut the gathaing?
M: The mvie lasts tw hurs, andthe gathering begins at 10:30
Text 2
M: What are yu thinking abut?
W: I want t jin the schl musical club, The music teacher said many students had picked vilin and she nly needed tw mre pians, But I lke a dnumn
Text 3
M: That's my friend Enma ver there, Didn't yu get a chance t meet her at the picric last mrth?
W: I wish I culdhave, but I was taking care fmy mther then, She wasn't feeling well.
M: I'm s srry t hear that.
Text 4
W: W'e're s smy, uncle. iV'e never thught that the ball wuld hit the windw in the yard.
M: Haven't I tld yu nt t play in the street?W: We're really sny. We'll g t the park night nw.
Text 5
W: I'm very smy, sir. I'll pay fr the damages.
M: I hpe yu will drive mre carefully in the future.
W: I will Please send me the bill fr the repairs as sn as pssible
Text 6
W: Hi,Rn. Can yu ck?
M: I wuldn't say I'm a chef, but I d ck, I can eat anything, s I dn't try very hard tmake it taste gd.
W: What d yu like t ck?
M: I like t barbecue utside n the gril.
W: What d yu put n yur barbecue?
M: Mstly meat I keep the spices simple, just salt and pepper. It's amazing hw these basicAavrs can enhance the taste,especinlly cmpared t steaming r stewing.
W: That sunds great,I can’t wait t try it smetime.
Text 7
W: Ww, lk at all the snakes
M: Yes, s many different types, I like t see them when I cme here
W: Oh, listen! I can hear birds singing smewhere.
M: Yes, They have parrts and ther birds.
W: They are all gd but I like sft, and furry animals the best.
M: They have dgs, cats, rabbits and thers.
W: Great.
M: By the way, I have t buy sme fd fr my dg here and then g hme.
W: I'm impressed with the animals and want t have a gdlk.
M: Abslutely, take yur time,. Remanba the party tnight.
Text 8
M: What's the matter, Clare?
W: I've gt a histry exam n Friday, and I'm wrried I'll fail it.
M: Why? Yu're brilliant at histry.
W: Yes. But lk at the amunt finfmatin I need t remember, These are my ntes frmt dav.
M: These aren't ntes! These lk mre like a full text.
W: What d yu mean?
M: Yu dn't need t cpy everything wrd fr wrd. “Ntes" shuld be brief, fcusing nkey terms and cncepts. Yu can cnsider drawing symbls, they can be really effective memry aids and yu dn't need t write s many wrds
W: That's a greatidea!
Text 9
M: Hi, Laura, welcme! S, yu make televisin prgrammes abut travel. Hw fen
are yu away frm hme?
W: A lt, Last summer, I was away alst every Saturday and Sunday fr abut tw mrths.
M: Whichis the cldest place yu've ever travelled t?
W: The Suth Ple. Befre I went, I heard lts f bad stries abut peple lsing their fingersand tes. Luckily, that didn't happen t me but my glasses did break!
M: And what was yur wrst trip?
W: Oh, Australin. WVhen I gt back t my htel, the dr was pen and my laptp wasm issing! The wner acted very quickly, telling me the plice wuld handle everything. Despitetheir best effrts t invesligate, unfrtunatey, my laptp was never recveredM: I'm smy t hear that. And yur favuite tip?
W: Turkey. I drve t the sea.
M:What is a nrmal hliday fr yu when yu are nt wrking?
W: Hnm.. I prefer t sit by the pl with a bk, g fr a walk in a lcal park, r have agentle bat ride n a lake. It is greatnt t be busy!M: Where are yu ging next?
W: I'm ging t Barbads. My friend's getting married there, s I'm ging t visit sme fthe ther islands in the area, t, I'd als lve t g t the munains, but I wn't have anytune.
Test 10
W: It's been arund fr mre than 200 years, standing at the entrance f my village. Theld tree is s big, that it takes tw peple t hug it prperly, When I was a kid heading tschl in twn, I'd walk past it every day, Back then, was t wmied abut staying fed andwanm t think much fit, it was just a tree, as rdinary as any rck n the side fthe rad Thenafter years f hard study, waiting fr my cllege letter, I fund mysdf staring at that tree.hping fr gd news. Days passed when it felt like, smehw, this tree and I had built up this bnd, this fhiendship. And guess what? Theletter came. When I went t the city fr cllege thatSeptember, walking past that tree hit me hard I lked back, and thrugh its branches, I culdsee mry hme, my family waving gdbye. Fast frward t when I was 21, 1 used t wrk in avillage. There were times I just fdt the urge t see that tree and my family, s I'd walk thsethinty lilmeters fmuntain rads, And yu knw what? As I gt int writing, that treefund its way int my stries, I am successful, Hwever, when I find myself stuck in mywriting, I will g back t see it, It's frtunate hw a tree I nce passed withut a secndthught has becme such a big part fmy life.
2024-2025(上)10月月度质量监测
高 三 英 语
本试卷满分150分 考试时间150分钟
第一部分 听力(共两节)
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
When will the mvie end?
A. At 8:00.
B. At 10:00.
C. At 10:30.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】M: I’ll pick yu up arund 7:30. The mvie starts at 8:00
W: The what abut the gathering?
M: The mvie lasts tw hurs, and the gathering begins at 10:30
2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What des the club need?
A. A drum.
B. A vilin.
C. Tw pians.
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】M: What are yu thinking abut?
W: I want t jin the schl music club. The music teacher said many students had picked vilin and she nly needed tw mre pians. But I like the drum.
3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
Why des the man feel srry fr the wman?
A. Her mther was ill.
B. She failed t meet Emma.
C. She missed the picnic.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】M: That’s my friend Enma ver there. Didn’t yu get a chance t meet her at the picnic last mnth?
W: I wish I culd have, but I was taking care f my mther then. She wasn’t feeling well.
M: I’m s srry t hear that.
4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
Where did the wman prbably play ftball?
A. In the yard.
B. In the park.
C. In the street.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】W: We’re s srry, uncle. I’ve never thught that the ball wuld hit the windw in the yard.
M: Haven’t I tld yu nt t play in the street?
W: We’re really srry. We’ll g t the park night nw.
5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What’s the cnversatin mainly abut?
A. Repairing a car.
B. Handling an accident.
C. Imprving driving skills.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】W: I’m very srry, sir. I’ll pay fr the damages.
M: I hpe yu will drive mre carefully in the future.
W: I will. Please send me the bill fr the repairs as sn as pssible.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
6. What des Rn think f his cking ability?
A. Basic.
B. Creative.
C. Expert.
7. Why des Rn prefer grilling?
A. It is simple.
B. It is dne utside.
C. It prduces tasty fd.
【答案】6. A 7. C
【解析】
【原文】W: Hi, Rn. Can yu ck?
M: I wuldn’t say I’m a chef, but I d ck, I can eat anything, s I dn’t try very hard t make it taste gd.
W: What d yu like t ck?
M: I like t barbecue utside n the grill.
W: What d yu put n yur barbecue?
M: Mstly meat. I keep the spices simple, just salt and pepper. It’s amazing hw these basic flavrs can enhance the taste, especially cmpared t steaming r stewing.
W: That sunds great, I can’t wait t try it smetime.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
8. What animal des the wman prbably prefer?
A. Rabbits.
B. Snakes.
C. Parrts.
9. Where des the cnversatin prbably take place?
A. In the z.
B. In a pet shp.
C. In an animal shelter.
10. What will the wman d next?
A. G hme.
B. Have a party.
C. Stay here.
【答案】8. A 9. B 10. C
【解析】
【原文】W: Ww, lk at all the snakes.
M: Yes, s many different types, I like t see them when I cme here.
W: Oh, listen! I can hear birds singing smewhere.
M: Yes. They have parrts and ther birds.
W: They are all gd but I like sft, and furry animals the best.
M: They have dgs, cats, rabbits and thers.
W: Great.
M: By the way, I have t buy sme fd fr my dg here and then g hme.
W: I’m impressed with the animals and want t have a gd lk.
M: Abslutely, take yur time. Remember the party tnight.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
11. What wrries Clare?
A. Taking a curse.
B. Having an exam.
C. Making ntes.
12. What is the man’s view n the ntes?
A. They are quite frmal.
B. They are perfectly cmplete.
C. They are unnecessarily lng.
13. What des the man suggest the wman d?
A. Use symbls.
B. Imprve memry.
C. Remember key terms.
【答案】11. B 12. C 13. A
【解析】
【原文】M: What’s the matter, Clare?
W: I’ve gt a histry exam n Friday, and I’m wrried I’ll fail it.
M: Why? Yu’re brilliant at histry.
W: Yes. But lk at the amunt f infrmatin I need t remember. These are my ntes frm tday.
M: These aren’t ntes! These lk mre like a full text.
W: What d yu mean?
M: Yu dn’t need t cpy everything wrd fr wrd. “Ntes” shuld be brief, fcusing n key terms and cncepts. Yu can cnsider drawing symbls, they can be really effective memry aids and yu dn’t need t write s many wrds
W: That’s a great idea!
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
14. What happened t Laura in the Suth Ple?
A. Her fingers gt hurt.
B. Her glasses brke.
C. Sme stries frightened her.
15. Why was the trip t Australia the wrst ne?
A. The laptp was stlen.
B. The wner failed his duty.
C. The plice were unprfessinal.
16. Hw des Laura spend a nrmal hliday?
A. By reading a lt.
B. By learning bat riding.
C. By enjying herself leisurely.
17. What is Laura’s next plan?
A. Ging t islands.
B. Getting married.
C. Climbing a muntain.
【答案】14. B 15. A 16. C 17. A
【解析】
【原文】M: Hi, Laura, welcme! S, yu make televisin prgrammes abut travel. Hw ften are yu away frm hme?
W: A lt, Last summer, I was away almst every Saturday and Sunday fr abut tw mnths.
M: Which is the cldest place yu’ve ever travelled t?
W: The Suth Ple. Befre I went, I heard lts f bad stries abut peple lsing their fingers and tes. Luckily, that didn’t happen t me but my glasses did break!
M: And what was yur wrst trip?
W: Oh, Australia. When I gt back t my htel, the dr was pen and my laptp was missing! The wner acted very quickly, telling me the plice wuld handle everything. Despite their best effrts t investigate, unfrtunately, my laptp was never recvered
M: I’m srry t hear that. And yur favrite trip?
W: Turkey. I drve t the sea.
M: What is a nrmal hliday fr yu when yu are nt wrking?
W: Um.. I prefer t sit by the pl with a bk, g fr a walk in a lcal park, r have a gentle bat ride n a lake. It is great nt t be busy!
M: Where are yu ging next?
W: I’m ging t Barbads. My friend’s getting married there, s I’m ging t visit sme f the ther islands in the area, t, I’d als lve t g t the muntains, but I wn’t have any time.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
18. Where did the speaker use t live as a child?
A. In the city.
B. In a village.
C. In the twn.
19. What des the speaker d?
A. She is a writer.
B. She is an editr.
C. She is a village fficial.
20. Why des the speaker g back t the tree?
A. T display her success.
B. T get inspiratin.
C. T shw her regret.
【答案】18. B 19. A 20. B
【解析】
【原文】W: It’s been arund fr mre than 200 years, standing at the entrance t my village. The ld tree is s big that it takes tw peple t hug it prperly. When I was a kid heading t schl in twn, I’d walk past it every day, Back then, I was t wrried abut staying fed and warm t think much f it, it was just a tree, as rdinary as any rck n the side f the rad. Then after years f hard study, waiting fr my cllege letter, I fund myself staring at that tree, hping fr gd news. Days passed when it felt like, smehw, this tree and I had built up this bnd, this friendship. And guess what? The letter came. When I went t the city fr cllege that September, walking past that tree hit me hard. I lked back, and thrugh its branches, I culd see my hme, my family waving gdbye. Fast frward t when I was 21, I used t wrk in a village. There were times I just felt the urge t see that tree and my family, s I’d walk thse thirty kilmeters f muntain rads, And yu knw what? As I gt int writing, that tree fund its way int my stries, I am successful. Hwever, when I find myself stuck in my writing, I will g back t see it. It’s frtunate hw a tree I nce passed withut a secnd thught has becme such a big part f my life.
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项。
A
Want t knw all the ins-and-uts regarding the Paris 2024 Olympics? Then yu’ve cme t the right place! Belw yu will find all the infrmatin abut the new Olympic sprts.
Olympic skatebarding
Wh will fllw in the ftsteps f Mmiji Nishiya, the first Olympic skatebarding champin, wh was crwned at the last Games at the age f 13? The answer will be revealed in Paris this summer. Speed, technique, mastery f the bard will be required t successfully perfrm the mst beautiful tricks.
Olympic sprts climbing
With its secnd time entering the Olympics, sprts climbing has three branches: Speed, Buldering (抱石攀岩) and Lead. Speed is all abut the speed f climbing. Buldering is all abut climbing a bulder n a wall and Lead requires athletes t climb a difficult rute 20 meters high.
Olympic surfing
The Olympics will be held in Paris, but what abut Olympic surfing? There is ne venue (场地) that is literally n the ther side f the wrld. The lcatin Teahup, n the island f Tahiti, is where Olympic surfing will take place. This island is part f French Plynesia, between Australia and Suth America.
Olympic breakdancing
Breakdancing is the new Olympic sprt that will make its first appearance in Paris 2024. Hw t establish a grading system withut taking away the artistic freedm at the same time? The pints shuld be based n creativity and musicality, a gray area that depends a lt n feeling and thus has a lt f subjectivity t it.
Lking fr a handy list f all sprts? Click here! Thrughut Paris there are all kinds f stadiums and arenas (竞技场) where sprting events are held. Nt nly Paris itself, but als the surrunding suburbs f the capital f France set the stage fr the Olympic Games!
21. Which sprt is entering the Olympics fr the first time in Paris 2024?
A. Olympic skatebarding.B. Olympic sprts climbing.
C. Olympic surfing.D. Olympic breakdancing.
22. Which f the fllwing statements is crrect?
A. Olympic skatebarding requires a high level f physical strength.
B. Three branches f Olympic sprts climbing evaluate varius sides f skills.
C. All the abve fur Olympic events will be held in Paris.
D. The scring f Olympic breakdancing is highly bjective.
23. Where is the text prbably taken frm?
A. A sprts website.B. A health magazine.
C. A travel brchure.D. An Olympic news reprt.
【答案】21. D 22. B 23. A
【解析】
【导语】本文体裁为应用文。文章结构清晰地介绍了2024年巴黎奥运会中新增的几个体育项目，包括奥运滑板、攀岩、冲浪和霹雳舞，提供了每个项目的基本规则、特点及注意事项等信息，旨在为读者提供关于巴黎奥运会的新项目概况。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。由文章Olympic breakdancing部分中“Breakdancing is the new Olympic sprt that will make its first appearance in Paris 2024 (霹雳舞是新的奥运项目，将在2024年巴黎奥运会上首次亮相。)”可知，奥运霹雳舞将在2024年巴黎奥运会上首次亮相。故选D。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。由文章Olympic sprts climbing部分“With its secnd time entering the Olympics, sprts climbing has three branches: Speed, Buldering (抱石攀岩) and Lead. Speed is all abut the speed f climbing. Buldering is all abut climbing a bulder n a wall and Lead requires athletes t climb a difficult rute 20 meters high. (第二次进入奥运会的运动攀岩有三个分支：速度攀岩、抱石攀岩和难度攀岩。速度与攀岩的速度有关。抱石就是在墙上爬一块巨石，而难度攀岩则要求运动员爬一条20米高的高难度路线。)”可知，攀岩运动有三个项目：速度攀岩、抱石攀岩和难度攀岩，分别评估了攀岩速度、技巧和难度等多方面的技能。故选B。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段“Want t knw all the ins-and-uts regarding the Paris 2024 Olympics? Then yu’ve cme t the right place! Belw yu will find all the infrmatin abut the new Olympic sprts. (想知道关于2024年巴黎奥运会的所有细节吗？那你来对地方了！下面你会发现所有关于新奥运项目的信息。)”可知，该文主要介绍了2024年巴黎奥运会中的新项目，包括滑板、攀岩、冲浪和霹雳舞等，提供了这些项目的具体信息。这显然是与体育赛事相关的介绍，因此最有可能来源于一个体育网站。故选A。
B
Eva, the Belgian Malinis, is hme nw, getting a well-deserved rest surrunded by new tys after nearly dying while prtecting her human frm a muntain lin.
The attack happened n May 16 in nrthern Califrnia when 24-year-ld Erin Wilsn headed dwn a path tward the Trinity River befre she fund herself crnered by a muntain lin. “I was just walking dwn the slpe with the dg running ahead f’ me. I turned arund and there was this cat just grwling at me and it attacked me, ”Wilsn tld NPR. “I screamed fr Eva and she came running. ”
Muntain lin attacks n humans are incredibly rare. Since 1890, Califrnia has recrded nly six fatal muntain lin attacks because f the animal’s generally shy, reclusive (独处的) nature. Their preferred prey is deer, which are nrmally in abundance in their frested habitat, but recent drught cnditins have made fd scarce in sme areas. Wilsn thught that these cnditins made the sudden appearance f a slim wman lk like an attractive ptin.
T prtect her human, Eva leapt between Wilsn and the lin, tackling the wild cat and embarked n a life-and-death struggle between the tw animals. After a shrt fight, the muntain lin gt its jaws arund Eva’s head and Wilsn fught t free her dg. hitting the lin with rcks in an attempt t break its grip. Eventually, Wilsn ran back t her truck and flagged dwn passing mtrist Sharn Hustn Fetching an irn bar frm her truck. Wilsn and Hustn ran back dwn the trail and their cmbined effrts managed t frighten the big cat ff.
Wunded herself and shaken by the experience, Wilsn still managed t carry Eva back t the Animal Hspital. The 2-year-ld dg didn’t need surgery, but her wunds were still extensive. Eva left the animal hspital n May 19 with surgical tape wrapped arund bth her frnt paws, and the veterinarian said she might lse sight in her left eye.
24. What made Erin Wilsn the target f the muntain lin?
A. The abundant deer in their frested habitat.
B. The lack f prey due t extreme cnditins.
C The muntain lin’s shy and reclusive nature.
D The slim and attractive appearance f Wilsn.
25. What d the underlined wrds “embarked n” mean in paragraph 4?
A. Prceeded with.B. Dawned n.C. Wrapped up.D. Kicked ff
26. Hw did Wilsn drive the muntain lin ff?
A. She freed a dg and threw rcks at it fiercely.
B. She stpped a passing driver and brke its grip.
C. She gathered lcal peple and shuted ludly at it.
D. She used a tl and scared it away with anther driver.
27. Which f the fllwing can best describe Eva accrding t the passage?
A. Heric and lyal.B. Obedient and adrable.
C. Friendly and dependable.D. Curageus and naughty.
【答案】24. B 25. D 26. D 27. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一只勇敢的狗Eva在山狮袭击主人时勇敢保护主人的故事。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Their preferred prey is deer, which are nrmally in abundance in their frested habitat, but recent drught cnditins have made fd scarce in sme areas. Wilsn thught that these cnditins made the sudden appearance f a slim wman lk like an attractive ptin.(它们最喜欢的猎物是鹿，通常在它们的森林栖息地有大量的鹿，但最近的干旱使一些地区的食物短缺。Wilsn认为，这些条件使得一个突然出现的苗条女人看起来是一个有吸引力的选择。)”可知，Erin Wilsn认为自己成为山狮的目标是因为最近的干旱使当地鹿极度缺乏。故选B。
【25题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线单词前的“T prtect her human, Eva leapt between Wilsn and the lin, tackling the wild cat(Eva跳到了Wilsn和狮子之间，抓住了狮子，)”以及空后的“a life-and-death struggle between the tw animals.(两只动物之间的生死搏斗。)”可推测，两只动物之间开始了生死搏斗。选项A“Prceeded with (继续)”；选项B“Dawned n (开始理解)”；选项C“Wrapped up (包装)”；选项D“Kicked ff (开始)”。故选D。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第四段“After a shrt fight, the muntain lin gt its jaws arund Eva’s head and Wilsn fught t free her dg. hitting the lin with rcks in an attempt t break its grip. Eventually, Wilsn ran back t her truck and flagged dwn passing mtrist Sharn Hustn Fetching an irn bar frm her truck. Wilsn and Hustn ran back dwn the trail and their cmbined effrts managed t frighten the big cat ff.(经过短暂的搏斗，山狮咬住了Eva的头，Wilsn奋力解救了她的狗。用石头砸狮子，试图挣脱它的束缚。最后，Wilsn跑回她的卡车，示意路过的司机Sharn Hustn停下来，从她的卡车上取下一根铁棒。Wilsn和Hustn沿着小路跑回去，她们的共同努力成功地把这只山狮吓跑了。)”可知，Wilsn使用了石头砸狮子，然后从一个过路的司机Hustn的车上取下一根铁棒，一起吓跑了山狮。故选D。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Wilsn tld NPR. “I screamed fr Eva and she came running. ”(Wilsn告诉NPR。“我尖叫着喊Eva，她就跑过来了。”)”以及文章第四段“T prtect her human, Eva leapt between Wilsn and the lin, tackling the wild cat and embarked n a life-and-death struggle between the tw animals.(为了保护她的主人，Eva跳到了Wilsn和狮子之间，抓住了狮子，开始了两只动物之间的生死搏斗。)”可知，Eva忠诚且勇敢。故选A。
C
When caught in the rain, we have all run fr cver—ften t a nearby tree. On the way, we step ver shrt-lived puddles and hastily frmed streams, marveling at hw quickly the sil changes frm supprtive and predictable t untrustwrthy:slippery, sft, and spngy. At first chance we tend t flee,skipping further bservatin.
Given that direct bservatins are ften impracticable, remte bservatin systems are crucial fr capturing phenmena that are frequent and unpredictable. Hwever, the Bimbache cmmunity f ElHierr bserved water running dwn tree bar k during fg events and captured it fr life and agriculture in 1764. If mre cntemprary hydrlgists(水文学家) had watched fg by trees, frest managers may nt have lgged the Bull Run Watershed, which reduced lcal rainfall by 30% in 1982.
Water science faces criticism because f a“techn ptimism that tries t slve all prblems”. In fact, this issue extends beynd water science. An interdisciplinary research team led by Jhn T. VanStan frm Cleveland State University argues that scientists shuld g beynd the labratry t directly bserve weather phenmena. The researchers insist that hands-n bservatin f strm events is crucial fr cmprehending the cmplexities f wet weather.
“Natural scientists seem increasingly cntent t stay dry and rely n remte sensrs and samplers,mdels, and virtual experiments t understand natural systems. Cnsequently, we can miss imprtant strmy phenmena, imaginative inspiratins, and pprtunities t build intuitin—all f which are critical t scientific prgress,” said Van Stan’s team.
This type f“umbrella science”, they warn, can miss imprtant lcalized events. Fr instance, in describing rainwater’s flw frm the frest treetps t the sils, the authrs nte that“if several branches efficiently capture and carry strmwaters t the stem, rainwater inputs t near-stem sils can be mre than100 times greater.”Likewise, water vapr(水蒸气) cluds trapped beneath frest treetp cvers may escape remte detectin, yet be sensitive t scientists n the grund. At the brader scale, these versights can affect Grund Earth systems mdels, which ften underestimate frest treetp water strage.
Direct bservatin, hwever, has gne beynd making up fr the shrtcmings f“umbrella science.”Van Stan and clleagues see cre value in firsthand strm experiences—nt nly fr natural scientists, but als students studying climate change impacts n ecsystems.
28. Hw d peple tend t react t rain?
A. In a defensive manner.B. In a scientific manner.
C. With a wait-and-see attitude.D. With an bservatin-riented attitude.
29. Why are the examples in paragraph 2 used?
A. T argue that direct bservatins are unachievable.
B. T prve that distance bservatin systems make sense.
C. T justify direct bservatin that is assumed unwrkable.
D. T jke abut techn ptimism that fails t slve all prblem.
30. What des Van Stan’s research team argue in terms f hands-n bservatin?
A. It is effrtless and precise.B. It is virtual and accepted.
C. It is cmplex yet time-saving.D. It is crucial yet verlked
31. What wuld the authr prbably discuss in the paragraph that fllws?
A. The grunds f starting the research.
B. The scientific values f cnducting the research.
C. The strengths f the research fr ec-majr learners.
D. The expert evaluatins f the research acrss disciplines.
【答案】28. A 29. C 30. D 31. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了直接观察自然现象的重要性，特别是在水文学领域。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“When caught in the rain, we have all run fr cver—ften t a nearby tree. On the way, we step ver shrt-lived puddles and hastily frmed streams, marveling at hw quickly the sil changes frm supprtive and predictable t untrustwrthy: slippery, sft, and spngy. At first chance we tend t flee, skipping further bservatin.(下雨的时候，我们都会跑去躲雨——通常是跑到附近的一棵树上。在路上，我们跨过短暂的水坑和仓促形成的溪流，惊叹于土壤是如何迅速地从支持和可预测变成不可靠的：滑，软，海绵状。一有机会，我们往往会逃跑，跳过进一步的观察。)”可知，面对下雨，人们通常会以防御的方式躲雨。故选A。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Given that direct bservatins are ften impracticable, remte bservatin systems are crucial fr capturing phenmena that are frequent and unpredictable. Hwever, the Bimbache cmmunity f ElHierr bserved water running dwn tree bar k during fg events and captured it fr life and agriculture in 1764. If mre cntemprary hydrlgists(水文学家) had watched fg by trees, frest managers may nt have lgged the Bull Run Watershed, which reduced lcal rainfall by 30% in 1982.(鉴于直接观测往往不可行，远程观测系统对于捕捉频繁和不可预测的现象至关重要。然而，ElHierr的Bimbache社区在雾事件期间观察到水从树上流下，并在1764年将其捕获用于生活和农业。如果当时更多的水文学家能观察到树下的雾，森林管理者可能就不会砍伐布尔朗流域的树木了。布尔朗流域在1982年使当地的降雨量减少了30%。)”可知，作者在第二段使用例子是为了告诉读者，为了证明直接观察是不可行的。故选C。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第三段“An interdisciplinary research team led by Jhn T. VanStan frm Cleveland State University argues that scientists shuld g beynd the labratry t directly bserve weather phenmena. The researchers insist that hands-n bservatin f strm events is crucial fr cmprehending the cmplexities f wet weather.(克利夫兰州立大学的Jhn T. VanStan领导的一个跨学科研究小组认为，科学家应该走出实验室，直接观察天气现象。研究人员坚持认为，亲自观察风暴事件对于理解潮湿天气的复杂性至关重要。)”以及第四段““Natural scientists seem increasingly cntent t stay dry and rely n remte sensrs and samplers, mdels, and virtual experiments t understand natural systems. Cnsequently, we can miss imprtant strmy phenmena, imaginative inspiratins, and pprtunities t build intuitin—all f which are critical t scientific prgress,” said Van Stan’s team.(“自然科学家似乎越来越满足于保持干燥，依靠远程传感器和采样器、模型和虚拟实验来了解自然系统。因此，我们可能会错过重要的风暴现象、富有想象力的灵感和建立直觉的机会——所有这些对科学进步至关重要，”Van Stan的团队说。)”可知，Van Stan的研究小组认为实际观察对于理解潮湿天气的复杂性至关重要，但是自然科学家似乎越来越满足于保持干燥，依靠远程传感器和采样器、模型和虚拟实验来了解自然系统。故选D。公众号：高中试卷君
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Direct bservatin, hwever, has gne beynd making up fr the shrtcmings f “umbrella science.” Van Stan and clleagues see cre value in firsthand strm experiences—nt nly fr natural scientists, but als students studying climate change impacts n ecsystems.(然而，直接观察已经超越了弥补“伞科学”的缺陷。Van Stan和他的同事看到了第一手风暴经验的核心价值——不仅对自然科学家，而且对研究气候变化对生态系统影响的学生。)”可知，文章作者接下来会谈论第一手风暴经验对于对研究气候变化对生态系统影响的学生和科学家的优势。故选C。
D
Imagine this. Yu need an image f a balln fr a wrk presentatin and turn t an AI text- t- image generatr t create a suitable image. Yu enter the prmpt (提示词) “red balln against a blue sky” but the generatr return s an image f an egg instead.
What’s ging n? The generatr yu’re using may have been “pisned”. What des this mean? Text- t- image generatrs wrk by being trained n large datasets that include millins r billins f images. Sme f the generatrs have been trained by indiscriminately scraping nline images, many f which may be under . This has led t many cpyright infringement (侵害) cases where artists have accused big tech cmpanies f stealing and prfiting frm their wrk.
This is als where the idea f “pisn” cmes in. Researchers wh want t empwer individual artists have recently created a tl named “Nightshade” t fight back against unauthrised image scraping. The tl wrks by slightly altering an image’s pixels (像素) in a way that cnfuses the cmputer visin system but leaves the image unaltered t a human’s eyes. If an rganizatin then scrapes ne f these images t train a future AI mdel, its data pl becmes “pisned”. This can result in mistaken learning, which makes the generatr return unintended results. As in ur earlier example, a balln might becme an egg.
The higher the number f “pisned” images in the training data, the greater the impact. Because f hw generative AI wrks, the damage frm “pisned” images als affects related prmpt keywrds.
Pssibly, tls like Nightshade can be abused by sme users t intentinally uplad “pisned” images in rder t cnfuse AI generatrs. But the Nightshade’s develper hpes the tl will make big tech cmpanies mre respectful f . It des challenge a cmmn belief amng cmputer scientists that data fund nline can be used fr any purpse they see fit.
Human rights activists, fr example, have been cncerned fr sme time abut the indiscriminate use f machine visin in wider sciety. This cncern is particularly serius cncerning facial recgnitin. There is a clear cnnectin between facial recgnitin cases and data pisning, as bth relate t larger questins arund technlgical gvernance. It may be better t see data pisning as an innvative slutin t the denial f sme fundamental human rights.
32. The underlined wrd “scraping” (para. 2) is clsest in meaning t ______.
A. facilitatingB. cllectingC. damagingD. plishing
33. Accrding t the passage, adding pisned data might ______.
A. increase the accuracy f returned infrmatin
B. lead users t frget the prmpt key wrds
C. cause truble t with the training f generative AI
D. discriminate against great masterpieces
34. What can be inferred frm the last tw paragraphs?
A. Data pisning is smehw justified t direct attentin t human rights.
B. Cmputer scientists has learned t respect the f mst artists.
C. Nightshade is being abused by human rights activists t recgnize faces.
D. The issue f technlgical gvernance has arused the lawyers’ interest,
35. Which f the fllwing might be the best title f the passage?
A. Data Pisning: Gvernment Empwering Citizens t Prtect Themselves
B. Data Pisning: Addressing Facial Recgnitin Issues Amng Artists
C. Data Pisning: Risks and Rewards f Generative AI Data Training
D. Data Pisning: Restricting Innvatin r Empwering Artists
【答案】32. B 33. C 34. A 35. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了一种名为“Nightshade”的工具，该工具通过微妙地修改图像的像素来混淆计算机视觉系统，以此对抗未经授权的图像抓取，保护艺术家的版权，同时引发了对数据中毒现象及其对人工智能模型训练影响的讨论。
【32题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第二段划线词前面的句子“Text- t- image generatrs wrk by being trained n large datasets that include millins r billins f images. (文本到图像生成器是通过在包含数百万或数十亿图像的大型数据集上进行训练来工作的。)”可知，生成器是通过对大型数据集进行训练来工作的，这些大型数据集包含着数百万或者数十亿图像，由此推断生成器是通过收集这些数百万或者数十亿图像进行训练来工作的。同时根据第二段划线词后的“…nline images, many f which may be under . This has led t many cpyright infringement (侵害) cases where artists have accused big tech cmpanies f stealing and prfiting frm their wrk. (……在线图片，其中许多可能是受版权保护的，这导致了许多侵犯版权的案件，艺术家们指责大型科技公司窃取他们的作品并从中获利。)”可知，一些生成器是通过不加选择地抓取在线图像来训练的，其中许多图像可能是受版权保护的，由此导致艺术家对大型科技公司进行指责。由此可推理出划线词的含义为“收集”，故选B项。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“The tl wrks by slightly altering an image’s pixels (像素) in a way that cnfuses the cmputer visin system but leaves the image unaltered t a human’s eyes. If an rganizatin then scrapes ne f these images t train a future AI mdel, its data pl becmes “pisned”. This can result in mistaken learning, which makes the generatr return unintended results. (该工具通过以人类肉眼无法察觉、但能迷惑计算机视觉系统方式，对图像的像素进行轻微修改。如果一个组织随后抓取这些图像来训练未来的AI模型，其数据池就会变得“中毒”。这可能导致错误的学习，使得生成器返回非预期的结果。)”可知，添加“中毒”数据可能干扰生成人工智能的训练，故选C项。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Pssibly, tls like Nightshade can be abused by sme users t intentinally uplad “pisned” images in rder t cnfuse AI generatrs. But the Nightshade’s develper hpes the tl will make big tech cmpanies mre respectful f . (可能的是，像Nightshade这样的工具可以被一些用户滥用，故意上传“有毒”图片以混淆AI生成器。但Nightshade的开发者希望这个工具能让大型科技公司更加尊重版权。)”以及最后一段“Human rights activists, fr example, have been cncerned fr sme time abut the indiscriminate use f machine visin in wider sciety. (例如，人权活动家一直对机器视觉在更广泛社会中的不加选择使用表示关切)”可推理出，数据中毒在某种程度上将人们的注意力引向人权是有道理的，故选A项。
【35题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“Yu enter the prmpt (提示词) “red balln against a blue sky” but the generatr returns an image f an egg instead.( 你输入了提示词“红色气球对比蓝色天空”，但是生成器返回的却是一张鸡蛋的图片)”可知，文章提出了“生成器中毒的现象”；第二段“ The generatr yu’re using may have been “pisned”. (你正在使用的生成器可能已经被“毒化”)”以及“Sme f the generatrs have been trained by indiscriminately scraping nline images, many f which may be under . This has led t many cpyright infringement cases where artists have accused big tech cmpanies f stealing and prfiting frm their wrk.”（一些生成器是通过不加选择地抓取在线图像来训练的，其中许多图像可能属于。这导致了许多侵犯版权的案件，艺术家指控大型科技公司窃取他们的作品并从中获利）不仅阐述了“生成器中毒”的问题，同时还提及了生成器是通过不加选择地抓取在线图像来训练的，其中许多图像引发侵犯版权的问题；同时根据倒数第二段“Pssibly, tls like Nightshade can be abused by sme users t intentinally uplad “pisned” images in rder t cnfuse AI generatrs. But the Nightshade’s develper hpes the tl will make big tech cmpanies mre respectful f cpyright. (可能的是，像Nightshade这样的工具可以被一些用户滥用，故意上传“有毒”图片以混淆AI生成器。但Nightshade的开发者希望这个工具能让大型科技公司更加尊重版权。)”以及最后一段“Human rights activists, fr example, have been cncerned fr sme time abut the indiscriminate use f machine visin in wider sciety. (例如，人权活动家一直对机器视觉在更广泛社会中的不加选择使用表示关切)”可知，此处强调Nightshade的开发者呼吁该工具能让大型科技公司更加尊重艺术创作者的版权。通读全文，文章主要讲述了人工智能图像生成器可能受到“毒害”的现象，即由于研究者为了保护艺术家版权而创造的工具Nightshade对图像进行细微像素修改，从而使得AI在训练时产生错误学习，生成错误的图像结果。这种“毒害”现象导致了许多侵犯艺术家版权的案件，引起艺术家的不满。由此文章提出质疑：到底该“中毒现象”是给艺术家赋权了还是限制了其创新能力。D项“Data Pisning: Restricting Innvatin r Empwering Artists(数据中毒：限制创新还是赋权艺术家)”表达的含义适合用做本文标题，故选D项。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Pursue Yur Dreams Tday, Nt Tmrrw
Have yu caught yurself daydreaming abut yur dreams? We ften pstpne ur dreams, trapped in a cycle f delay. But why wait? _______36_______ Yu dn’t have t take a huge, life-changing step. Yu can take minute steps tward a brighter future. And start right nw.
_______37_______ If yu never try, yu’re ging t be weighed dwn by yur regrets. Yu’re always ging t wnder hw yur life wuld’ve turned ut if yu actually tk a chance n yurself. Dn’t let yur future self be disappinted by yur present self.
It desn’t matter hw ld yu are r hw many peple have warned yu that yu’re never ging t succeed. Even the mst successful peple have had their hesitatins abut whether they had what it tk t make it in their field._______38_______Embrace a mindset f determinatin, knwing that success is within yur reach.
At the end f the day, yu need t carve ut a path fr yurself that will lead t the mst satisfactin. If yu allw yur fear t get the best f yu, yu’re never ging t frgive yurself. ______39______. It’s what yu wuld encurage yur friends t d, s why aren’t yu giving yurself
that same push?
Smetimes, fllwing yur passin means spending a lt f yur time each day. It may require making slight adjustments t yur schedule, but yu dn’t have t sacrifice everything t fllw yur hearts. Try t strike a balance between yur current life and yur dreams._______40_______
Pursue yur dreams nw, even thugh that means yu might need t break ut f yur cmfrt zne, and even thugh it means entering the unknwn.
A. Ask yurself what wuld be wrse.
B. Starting small is cmpletely acceptable.
C. Yu we it t yurself t g after yur dreams.
D. New pprtunities may lead t persnal grwth.
E. If things g well, yu can gradually make further shifts.
F. Yu need t mve past yur insecurities and explre yur full ptential.
G. Hard as it is, it’s crucial t wave ff the dubts in the back f yur mind.
【答案】36. B 37. C 38. G 39. F 40. E
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要就如何追求自己的梦想提出了一些建议。
【36题详解】
根据下文“Yu dn’t have t take a huge, life-changing step. Yu can take minute steps tward a brighter future. And start right nw. (你不需要迈出巨大的、改变人生的一步。你可以一步一步走向更光明的未来。现在就开始)”可知，下文提到了不需要迈出巨大的、改变人生的一步，可知本句是在建议从小的地方开始。故B选项“Starting small is cmpletely acceptable. (从小处开始是完全可以接受的)”能引出下文，符合语境，故选B。
【37题详解】
根据下文“If yu never try, yu’re ging t be weighed dwn by yur regrets. Yu’re always ging t wnder hw yur life wuld’ve turned ut if yu actually tk a chance n yurself. Dn’t let yur future self be disappinted by yur present self. (如果你从不尝试，你就会被你的遗憾压垮。你总是想知道，如果你真的给自己一个机会，你的生活会变成什么样子。不要让未来的自己被现在的自己失望)”可知，本段的主旨是给自己一个改变生活的机会，即建议去追求自己的梦想。故C选项“Yu we it t yurself t g after yur dreams. (你应该为自己去追求你的梦想)”能概括本段主旨，符合语境，故选C。
【38题详解】
根据下文“Embrace a mindset f determinatin, knwing that success is within yur reach. (拥有一种坚定的心态，知道成功是触手可及的)”可知，下文提到要拥有坚定的心态，可知要摆脱怀疑的心态。故G选项“Hard as it is, it’s crucial t wave ff the dubts in the back f yur mind. (尽管困难重重，但摆脱心中的疑虑是至关重要的)”能引出下文，符合语境，故选G。
【39题详解】
根据上文“At the end f the day, yu need t carve ut a path fr yurself that will lead t the mst satisfactin. If yu allw yur fear t get the best f yu, yu’re never ging t frgive yurself. (在一天结束的时候，你需要为自己开辟一条通往最大满足感的道路。如果你让恐惧占据了你最好的一面，你永远不会原谅自己)”可知，上文提到不要让恐惧占据了你最好的一面，即建议要克服恐惧和不安全感。故F选项“Yu need t mve past yur insecurities and explre yur full ptential. (你需要克服你的不安全感，发掘你的全部潜力)”能承接上文，符合语境，故选F。
【40题详解】
根据上文“Smetimes, fllwing yur passin means spending a lt f yur time each day. It may require making slight adjustments t yur schedule, but yu dn’t have t sacrifice everything t fllw yur hearts. Try t strike a balance between yur current life and yur dreams (有时候，追随你的激情意味着每天花费大量的时间。这可能需要对你的时间表做一些调整，但你不必为了跟随自己的内心而牺牲一切。试着在你现在的生活和你的梦想之间取得平衡)”可知，上文提到了在你现在的生活和你的梦想之间取得平衡，本句为本段最后一句，故应说明这么做的结果。故E选项“If things g well, yu can gradually make further shifts. (如果一切顺利，你可以逐渐做出进一步的改变)”能承接上文，符合语境，故选E。
第三部分 语言知识与运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节：完形填空(共15题，每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Yu witness a man uses abusive (辱骂的) language twards his mther in a grcery stre. Or yu hear smene saying smething mean t yur friend at a party. Bth are____41____in which bystander interventin (干预) culd make a difference.____42____, hwever, when____43____with such situatin, we may nt be sure what t d. Yu are nt alne. “When peple are standing in a crwd and smething bad happens, they tend t be____44____,” said Alan Berken, an expert n the Bystander Effect.
Hwever, the latest research shws that mst peple feel willing t help when they can. When they d nt help, it is because they____45____d nt feel they have the____46____t d s r are unsure abut safety. “Actually, yu can prepare yurself t be an active bystander by____47____the Fur D’s: distract, delegate (委托), delay r dcument,” says Alan. “An active bystander helps t challenge____48____behavir.”
Distractin is a gd start. Take the case f the man abusing his mther in the grcery stre, dn’t give the man a face-t-face blame, instead an active bystander can____49____intervene by asking the man hw t chse a ripe watermeln. This can help t ease the_____50_____, which may turn the table.
As anther_____51_____, yu can delegate. While witnessing vilence, yu can tell smene else t_____52_____the authrities. Thirdly, asking the victim whether there is anything that yu can d t help can als_____53_____the upgrading f the situatin.
Lastly yu can videtape the behavir with yur cellphne. This dcumenting can be a_____54_____t a wuld-be perpetratr (作恶者). But yu have t be_____55_____nt t intervene in a way that culd cause harm t yu r the victim.
41. A. circumstancesB. psitinsC. surrundingsD. lcatins
42. A. HpefullyB. ThankfullyC. UndubtedlyD. Unfrtunately
43 A. knckedB. facedC. sufferedD. blcked
44. A. at riskB. in angerC. at a lssD. in a hurry
45. A. allB. eitherC. bthD. neither
46. A. talentB. giftC. abilityD. habit
47. A. adptingB. adaptingC. replacingD. rebuilding
48. A. artificialB. beneficialC. impssibleD. imprper
49. A. firmlyB. indirectlyC. severelyD. cnfidently
50. A. tpicB. cnversatinC. atmsphereD. wrry
51. A. causeB. ptinC. realityD. effect
52. A. blameB. fundC. infrmD. pst
53. A. helpB. cnfirmC. escapeD. delay
54. A. tipB. trickC. cheatD. warning
55. A. carefulB. nervusC. scaredD. wrried
【答案】41. A 42. D 43. B 44. C 45. B 46. C 47. A 48. D 49. B 50. C 51. B 52. C 53. D 54. D 55. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要以“公共场合干预不当行为”这一话题进行了论述。其实，大部分人是愿意在力所能及的范围内提供帮助的，而没能提供帮助要么能力不足，要么并不安全。同时，人们可以通过采用四个D来让自己成为一个积极的旁观者：分散注意力、委托、拖延或记录。
【41题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这两种情况下，旁观者干预可能会产生影响。A. circumstances环境，状况；B. psitins职位，社会地位；C. surrundings周遭环境；D. lcatins地点。分析语境可知，主语“Bth”指代前文“Yu witness a man uses abusive language twards his mther in a grcery stre. Or yu hear smene saying smething mean t yur friend at a party.”提及的两种状况，因此，该空应是“circumstances(状况)”。故选A项。
【42题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意： 然而，令人遗憾的是，当面对这种情况时，我们可能不知道该怎么做。A. Hpefully有希望地；B. Thankfully感激地，幸亏；C. Undubtedly确实地，无庸置疑地；D. Unfrtunately不幸地，遗憾地。根据前文“Bth are ____1____ in which bystander interventin culd make a difference.”可知，旁观者在这样的情况下进行干预可以产生影响，而后文“we may nt be sure what t d”则说，现实生活中，旁观者可能并不知道该怎么办，无法起到帮助，这是令人感到遗憾的。故选D项。
【43题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，令人遗憾的是，当面对这种情况时，我们可能不知道该怎么做。A. kncked敲击；B. faced面对；C. suffered遭受，受苦；D. blcked阻塞，挡住。与前文“Yu witness…”，“yu hear…”表达同一个语境，这里应是“面对”。“(be) faced with”意为“面对”，符合语境。故选B项。
【44题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：“当人们站在人群中，不好的事情发生时，他们往往会不知所措，”旁观者效应专家艾伦·伯肯说。A. at risk处于危险或风险之中；B. in anger愤怒地；C. at a lss困惑、不知所措；D. in a hurry匆忙地。分析语境“Yu are nt alne.”可知，这里“they tend t be ____4____”与前文“we may nt be sure what t d”为同义表达，因此，所选短语表达“不知道怎么做”含义，即，“at a lss”。故选C项。
【45题详解】
考查不定代词词义辨析和连词词义辨析。句意：当他们不提供帮助时，这是因为他们要么觉得自己没有能力这样做，要么不确定安全。A. all全部；B. either（两者中的）任何一个，或者，要么；C. bth两个都；D. neither两者都不。分析语法可知，后文有“r”，因此，这里应是“either…r…”，意为“要么……要么……”，用于文中表达两种可能的原因。故选B项。
【46题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当他们不提供帮助时，这是因为他们要么觉得自己没有能力这样做，要么不确定安全。A. talent天赋，才能；B. gift礼物，天赋；C. ability能力；D. habit习惯。根据前文“Hwever, the latest research shws that mst peple feel willing t help when they can.”可知，大多数人愿意在力所能及的时候给与帮助，由此可推知，如果没能帮助，有可能是不在能力范围之内。“have the ability t d”，意为“有能力做”，符合语境。故选C项。
【47题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：艾伦说：“实际上，你可以通过采用四个D来让自己成为一个积极的旁观者：分散注意力、委托、拖延或记录。”A. adpting领养，采用；B. adapting适应，改编；C. replacing取代，代替；D. rebuilding重建，使复原。分析可知，“the Fur D’s: distract, delegate, delay r dcument(四个D：分散注意力、委托、拖延或记录)”是做干预的方法，因此，这里应是“采用，采纳”。故选A项。
【48题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“积极的旁观者有助于挑战不当行为。”A. artificial假的，人工的；B. beneficial有益的；C. impssible不可能的；D. imprper不合适的，不正当的。分析可知，这里的“behavir(行为)”是以前文“Yu witness a man uses abusive language twards his mther in a grcery stre. Or yu hear smene saying smething mean t yur friend at a party.”为代表的不当行为。故选D项。
【49题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：以男子在杂货店辱骂母亲为例，不要当面指责男子，相反，一个积极的旁观者可以通过询问男子如何选择成熟的西瓜来间接干预。A. firmly坚定地，坚固地；B. indirectly间接地；C. severely非常严重地，严厉地；D. cnfidently自信地，安心地。分析可知，“instead”表达转折含义，因此，与前文“a face-t-face blame(面对面的指责)”提及的“面对面，直接”相反，这里应是“间接干预”。故选B项。
【50题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这有助于缓和气氛，这可能会扭转局面。A. tpic话题；B. cnversatin对话，交谈；C. atmsphere氛围，气氛；D. wrry担心，忧虑。根据动词“ease”意为“缓和”含义可推知，这里表达“缓和氛围”，即，旁观者的间接干预转换成了一个相对轻松的话题，起到缓和氛围的作用。故选C项。
【51题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为另一种选择，你可以委托。A. cause原因；B. ptin选择，选择权；C. reality现实，实际经历；D. effect效果。根据前文“Actually, yu can prepare yurself t be an active bystander by ____7____ the Fur D’s: distract, delegate, delay r dcument”提出了四种干预手段，“yu can delegate(你可以委托)”是其中一种选择。故选B项。
【52题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在目睹暴力事件时，你可以告诉其他人通知官方机构。A. blame责备，把……归咎于；B. fund为……提供资金；C. infrm通知；D. pst寄，邮寄。根据语境“the authrities(官方机构)”并结合常识“可以报警”可推知，这里应是委托其他人去通知有关官方机构进行干预。故选C项。
【53题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：第三，询问受害者是否有什么可以帮助的，也会推迟局势的升级。A. help帮助，帮忙；B. cnfirm证明，确认；C. escape逃脱，逃避；D. delay耽搁，延误。根据句首“Thirdly(第三)”以及后文“Lastly, yu can videtape the behavir with yur cellphne.”讲到了最后一个干预方法可推知，这里讲述的是第三种干预方法“delay”。故选D项。
【54题详解】公众号：高中试卷君
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些记录可以对潜在的作恶者发出警告。A. tip诀窍，小费；B. trick诡计，恶作剧；C. cheat骗子，欺骗手段；D. warning警告。根据前文“Lastly, yu can videtape the behavir with yur cellphne.”可推知，记录下来的不当行为可以作为对作恶者的警告。故选D项。
【55题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但你必须小心，不要以可能对你或受害者造成伤害的方式进行干预。A. careful小心的，认真的；B. nervus紧张的，不安的；C. scared害怕的，恐惧的；D. wrried担心的，担忧的。根据后文“nt t intervene in a way that culd cause harm t yu r the victim”可知，不能以使事态恶化进行干预，因此，干预时要小心，谨慎。故选A项。
第二节：语法填空(共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Since July 2019, China’s nline fd-delivery platfrm Eleme _____56_____ (carry) ut a new service f picking up garbage frm its users in Shanghai.
The service cmes after _____57_____ recently-released regulatin n waste management in Shanghai. Individuals that thrw away their garbage _____58_____ being srted ut can be fined up t 200 yuan, while cmpanies and _____59_____ (rganize) can face fines up t 50,000 yuan.
The trash takeaway service requires residents t srt _____60_____ (they) wn garbage befre it is picked up by wrkers frm Eleme, _____61_____ will definitely dispse f the waste in the crrect garbage bins.
It’s bvius that this service is cnvenient t the ld, _____62_____ (especial) t the disabled custmers. _____63_____, many netizens n Sina Weib dn’t think Eleme is prviding a wnderful service, _____64_____(cmplain) it just wants t make mney. They think 12 yuan fr an rder is t much. Besides, many mre peple dubt ______65______ these cllectrs will wash their hands after dealing with the trash.
【答案】56. has carried
57. a 58. withut
59. rganizatins
60. their 61. wh
62. especially
63. Hwever
64. cmplaining
65. whether##if
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了中国在线外卖平台“饿了么”在上海推出了一项新服务，即帮助用户丢垃圾，人们对此看法褒贬不一。
【56题详解】
考查时态。句意：自2019年7月以来，中国在线外卖平台饿了么在上海推出了一项新服务，即接单为用户扔垃圾。空处为句子谓语动词，根据时间状语“Since July 2019”可知，本句时态为现在完成时；主语为“China’s nline fd-delivery platfrm Eleme”，单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填has carried。
【57题详解】
考查冠词。句意：这项服务是在上海最近发布的一项废物管理规定之后推出的。修饰可数名词单数“regulatin”，表示“泛指”，且修饰词recently-released的发音是辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。故填a。
【58题详解】
考查介词。句意：未经分类就乱扔垃圾的个人将面临最高200元的罚款，而公司和机构将面临最高5万元的罚款。根据下文“can be fined up t 200 yuan”可知，未经分类就乱扔垃圾的人会被罚款。用介词“withut”，表示“没有进行垃圾分类”。故填withut。
【59题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：未经分类就乱扔垃圾的个人将面临最高200元的罚款，而公司和机构将面临最高5万元的罚款。根据上文的“cmpanies”可推断，空处为可数名词rganizatin（组织）的复数形式。故填rganizatins。
【60题详解】
考查代词。句意：垃圾外卖服务要求居民将自己的垃圾分类，然后由饿了么的工作人员拿走，他们定会将垃圾处理在正确的垃圾箱里。根据空后的“wn garbage”可知，空处为形容词性物主代词，修饰名词“wn garbage”。故填their。
【61题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：垃圾外卖服务要求居民将自己的垃圾分类，然后由饿了么的工作人员拿走，他们定会将垃圾处理在正确的垃圾箱里。这里为定语从句的关系词，先行词为“wrkers frm Eleme”，在非限制性定语从句中担当主语，用关系代词wh。故填wh。
【62题详解】
考查副词。句意：很明显，这项服务方便了老年人，尤其是残疾人。根据上文“It’s bvius that this service is cnvenient t the ld”可知，这项服务方便了老年人，而对空后的 “the disabled custmers”更为有利，用副词especially。故填especially。
【63题详解】
考查副词。句意：然而，新浪微博上的许多网友并不认为饿了么提供了一个很好的服务，他们抱怨说饿了么只是想赚钱。空后“many netizens n Sina Weib dn’t think Eleme is prviding a wnderful service”和上文“It’s bvius that this service is cnvenient t the ld”存在转折关系，用hwever；出现在句首，首字母大写。故填Hwever。
【64题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，新浪微博上的许多网友并不认为饿了么提供了一个很好的服务，他们抱怨说饿了么只是想赚钱。这里为非谓语动词担当状语，和主句主语“many netizens”之间存在主动关系，用现在分词形式。故填cmplaining。
【65题详解】公众号：高中试卷君
考查宾语从句。句意：此外，更多的人怀疑这些清洁工在处理完垃圾后是否会洗手。这里为宾语从句的引导词，从句中不缺少成分，表示“是否”。用whether或if。故填whether/if。
第四部分：写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节：应用文写作(满分15分)
66. 假定你是李华，留学生朋友Peter借给你一本英文名著《飘》(Gne with the Wind)，可是你不小心损坏了。请你给他写封邮件，内容包括：
1.表示道歉；
2.解释损坏原因；
3.提出补救办法。
注意：
1.写作词数应为80个左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Peter,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Peter,
I’m writing t express my sincere aplgy fr the accidental damage t the English classic Gne with the Wind yu kindly lent me.
Yesterday evening I was absrbed in the bk when I carelessly kncked dwn the cup, the ht water puring ver the bk. I was upset that the whle bk was in bad shape. Knwing hw precius the bk is t yu, I’m terribly srry fr any incnvenience caused.
I expect t make it up t yu by replacing the bk with a new cpy. I’ve purchased ne nline, which will be sent t yu in 3 days. I hpe this unfrtunate incident wn’t affect ur friendship. Please accept my heartfelt aplgy.
Yurs,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。留学生朋友Peter借给你一本英文名著《飘》(Gne with the Wind)，可是你不小心损坏了。要求考生给他写封邮件道歉，同时解释损坏原因并提出补救办法。
【详解】1.词汇积累
衷心的：sincere → heartfelt
全神贯注于：be absrbed in → cncentrate n
珍贵的：precius→ valuable
非常：terribly → awfully
2.句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：I was upset that the whle bk was in bad shape.
拓展句：I was upset because the whle bk was in bad shape.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Knwing hw precius the bk is t yu, I’m terribly srry fr any incnvenience caused. (运用了现在分词作原因状语)
[高分句型2] I’ve purchased ne nline, which will be sent t yu in 3 days. (运用了关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句)
第二节 读后续写(满分25分)
67. 阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
I always hpe fr sme student wh pssesses that unusual capability t cnvey feeling， insight, and passin thrugh art. It desn’t happen ften, but it did ne summer hliday - and frm a wnderfully unexpected surce.
That summer, I vlunteered t teach a summer schl art class fr high schl freshmen. When I arrived n the first day, the students were gruping in the center f the classrm, except fr a red-haired girl named Emma wh tk a desk in the back rw. I lked ver what wuld be my wrkspace fr the fllwing days. There were large windws with plenty f light and I sptted several kinds f trees utside that wuld serve as mdels.
Emma was always the earliest t get t ur classes，and I culd feel her effrt. Hwever, she kept her seat in the back rw as thugh being ignred was smething t hpe fr. I asked ne ppular girl, wh said, “She is an rphan. We try t be friendly, but she acts like she’s in anther wrld.” I said, “All right. Let’s try t make this summer the gd part f Emma’s life, OK?” There was n answer in wrds but she ndded, telling me she understd and empathized - gd kid, at heart.
During the fllwing days, I culd feel ther students’ kindness t Emma. Smetimes, Emma even talked and drew with them, but she still kept a certain distance frm me. When I asked t see her wrk, she leaned frward cvering it with her frearms. Treating her in any special way nly seemed t emphasize her painful dissimilarity, s I limited my cmmunicatin with her t a gd mrning smile.
The summer went by quickly and everyne gt much better at drawing. S did Emma’s behavir. We had a lt f fun in the prcess, but the last day came at the right time. The kids filed in and watched me write the assignment n the whitebard: Draw a picture titled: “A Place I Lve”.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
I walked arund, watching the drawings develp.
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It was Emma’s turn t shw her drawing.
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【答案】
I walked arund, watching the drawings develp. The students were immersed in their wrk, each trying t capture the essence f the place they lved in their unique way. The drawings were a mix f vibrant clrs and delicate lines, each telling a stry f smene's heartfelt attachment t a special place. I smiled, knwing that this assignment had been a success in its wn way.
It was Emma’s turn t shw her drawing. She std up slwly, her face flushed with nervusness. She held up her drawing, and I gasped. It was a beautiful rendering f the classrm we had spent the summer in. The large windws, the varius trees utside, and even the whitebard with ur final assignment written n it were all captured in meticulus detail. But mre than that, it was the emtin in the drawing that struck me. Emma had captured the essence f ur summer tgether, the jy, the struggle, and the grwth that we had all experienced. I lked up at her, tears in my eyes, and saw that she was smiling t. In that mment, I knew that Emma had nt nly fund a place she lved, but she had als fund a cmmunity that lved her.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者注意到Emma在课堂上保持距离，通过了解得知她是孤儿后，决定和其他学生一起努力让Emma感受到温暖和接纳。在老师和同学们的关心下，Emma逐渐敞开心扉，不仅在艺术上取得了进步，也在情感上得到了成长。
【详解】1. 段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“我四处走动，看着这些画慢慢成形。”可知，第一段可描写作者看到同学们的画的感受。
②由第二段首句内容“轮到Emma展示她的画了。”可知，第二段可描写Emma的画展现了她的情感。
2. 续写线索：教高一美术——遇到Emma——了解Emma——鼓励同学对Emma友善——同学们答应——改变了Emma——所有人绘画水平都提高了很多——Emma作品打动了作者。
3. 词汇激活
行为类
①眼中充满泪水：tears in my eyes/eyes welling up/tears brimming
②知道：knw/realize/recgnize
③花费：spend/cst/take
情绪类
①全神贯注地：immersed/engrssed/absrbed
②快乐：jy/pleasure/delight
【点睛】[高分句型1]I smiled, knwing that this assignment had been a success in its wn way.(that引导的宾语从句)
[高分句型2]Emma had captured the essence f ur summer tgether, the jy, the struggle, and the grwth that we had all experienced.(that引导的定语从句)