天津市第一中学2024-2025学年高二上学期9月月考英语试卷（Word版附解析）

这是一份天津市第一中学2024-2025学年高二上学期9月月考英语试卷（Word版附解析），文件包含天津市和平区天津市第一中学2024-2025学年高二上学期9月月考英语试题Word版含解析docx、天津市和平区天津市第一中学2024-2025学年高二上学期9月月考英语试题Word版无答案docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共31页， 欢迎下载使用。
A. has been ging nB. had been ging n
C. was ging nD. will be ging n
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：我们到的时候，主题演讲已经进行了半个小时了。By the time we arrived表示“到我们到达的时候”，是过去完成时的标志。fr half an hur表示一段时间，这里强调动作的持续性，所以用过去完成进行时 had been ging n，表示在过去某一时间之前，动作一直在进行。故选B。
2. Rising living expenses significant challenges fr lw-incme families.
A. presentB. presentsC. had presentedD. has presented
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：不断上涨的生活费用给低收入家庭带来了巨大的挑战。句子陈述的是一般事实，用一般现在时；“Rising living expenses”是复数名词短语作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。故选A。
3. — I’m really srry fr being late. The traffic was terrible.
— . I was nt in a rush anyway.
A. Dn’t mentin itB. Yu shuld have planned better
C. It’s unacceptableD. N wrries
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——我真的很抱歉来晚了。交通很糟糕。——不用担心。反正我也不赶时间。A. Dn’t mentin it没关系；B. Yu shuld have planned better你应该计划得更好；C. It’s unacceptable这是不可接受的；D. N wrries不用担心。根据后句“反正我也不赶时间。”可知，此处指的是“不用担心”。故选D。
4. The tw species f birds are visually similar, but their calls are quite , making it easy t tell them apart.
A. distinctB. bviusC. generalD. specific
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这两种鸟在外形上很相似，但它们的叫声却很独特，因此很容易区分它们。A. distinct独特的、不同的；B. bvius明显的；C. general一般的、普通的；D. specific特定的。根据“but their calls are”以及“making it easy t tell them apart”可推知，这两种鸟在外形上相似，但是叫声独特，使得它们容易区分，用形容词distinct作表语。故选A项。
5. The tennis player wn three matches , prving his dminance in the turnament.
A. by surpriseB. in a rwC. n the gD. n demand
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：这位网球选手连赢三场，证明了他在锦标赛中的优势。A. by surprise冷不防；出其不意地；B. in a rw连续地；C. n the g在活跃；在忙碌；D. n demand一经请求。根据“prving his dminance in the turnament.”可知，这位网球选手在锦标赛中连赢三场。故选B。
6. Under intense pressure, the ld bridge finally , causing a huge traffic jam.
A. paid ffB. held upC. gave wayD. std still
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：在巨大的压力下，这座老桥最终坍塌了，造成了巨大的交通堵塞。A. paid ff付清；B. held up举起，耽搁；C. gave way坍塌；D. std still静止不动。根据“Under intense pressure”以及“causing a huge traffic jam”可知，老桥在巨大的压力下坍塌了，用动词短语gave way符合语境。故选C项。
7. It tk her a lt f t walk up t the pdium and deliver the presentatin in frnt f hundreds f peple.
A. revelatinB. appreciatinC. nerveD. fcus
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她鼓起很大的勇气走上讲台，在数百人面前发表演讲。A. revelatin 揭露；泄露；B. appreciatin欣赏；感激；C. nerve神经；勇气；D. fcus焦点。根据“and deliver the presentatin in frnt f hundreds f peple.”可知，在数百人面前发表演讲需要勇气。故选C。
8. she had never tried scuba diving befre, she was surprisingly calm during her first dive.
A. Even thughB. Nw thatC. As thughD. Ever since
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查连词辨析。句意：虽然她以前从未尝试过水肺潜水，但她在第一次潜水时出奇地冷静。A. Even thugh虽然，即使； B. Nw that 既然，由于；C. As thugh 好像；D. Ever since自从。由句意可知，这里表示“虽然……但（是）”，所以应用even thugh引导让步状语从句。故选A项。
9. The fire spread s quickly that the entire building is in flames (火焰) within minutes.
A. steelyB. remarkablyC. literallyD. rarely
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：火势蔓延得如此之快，以至于整座建筑在几分钟内就陷入了火焰之中。A. steely钢铁般的；B. remarkbaly显著地；C. literally真正地、确实地；D. rarely罕见地。根据“in flames (火焰) within minutes”可知，火势猛烈，几分钟就真正大火冲天。故选C。
10. The prfessr will a research tpic t each student, ensuring they all wrk n unique areas f the subject.
A. applyB. divideC. descendD. assign
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：教授会给每个学生分配一个研究课题，确保他们都在这个课题的独特领域工作。A .apply应用，适用； B .divide分开，除以； C. descend下降；D.assign分配，指派。根据 “a research tpic t each student”可知，教授会给每个学生分配一个研究课题。故选D项。
11. The Chinese team defeated the Netherlands in the semi-final matches, t them in the preliminaries.
A. t have lstB. lsingC. having lstD. lst
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：中国队在半决赛中击败了荷兰队，他们在预选赛中输给了荷兰队。、空处应填非谓语动词作状语，逻辑主语“the Chinese team”与 “lse”之间是主动关系，且动作先于“defeated”发生，所以用现在分词的完成式“having lst”。故选C。
12. He the prject n time, but he didn’t put in enugh effrt and missed the deadline by tw days.
A. must have finishedB. culd have finished
C. needn’t have finishedD. can’t have finished
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查情态动词+have dne。句意：他本来可以按时完成这个项目的，但是他没有付出足够的努力，比最后期限晚了两天。A. must have finished一定已经完成；B. culd have finished本能够完成，带有遗憾或责备的意味；C. needn’t have finished本不必完成；D. can’t have finished不可能已经完成。根据“but he didn’t put in enugh effrt and missed the deadline by tw days.”可知，他本可以按时完成这个项目。故选B。
13. The questin f they will accept the prpsal remains uncertain, as discussins are still nging.
A. whatB. whereC. thatD. whether
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：他们是否会接受这个提议的问题仍然不确定，因为讨论仍在进行中。分析句子可知，介词f后接宾语从句。表示“是否”，用连接词whether引导。故选D。
14. —Can yu drp by my ffice later tday? I have smething fr yu.
— . I’ll cme by after lunch.
A. Srry, I can’tB. Sure thingC. Dn’t btherD. Maybe anther day
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——你今天晚些时候能来我办公室吗？我有东西要给你。——当然。午饭后我会过来。A. Srry, I can’t 抱歉，我不能；B. Sure thing 当然可以；C. Dn’t bther 不用麻烦了；D. Maybe anther day也许改天吧。由I’ll cme by after lunch以及句意可知，这里表示同意，所以应用“当然可以”。故选B项。
15. This is the case we must take immediate actin, as any delay culd result in severe cnsequences.
A. whichB. thatC. whenD. where
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这是我们必须立即采取行动的情况，因为任何延误都可能造成严重后果。空格处单词引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词case(情况)，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，表示“在这种情况下”，应使用关系副词where引导该从句。故选D项。
II.完形填空 (共20小题，满分30分)
In recent years, the imprtance f staying active has gained mre recgnitin as peple becme aware f the varius benefits f sprts. Whether it’s cmpetitive r recreatinal, taking part in sprts is a great way t stay fit,___16___stress, and imprve verall well-being. Hwever, finding the right sprt can be a ____17____ task fr many, as preferences vary widely.
Sccer, fr instance, remains the wrld’s mst ppular sprt. It is easy t learn, requires minimal equipment, and ____18____teamwrk. It’s an excellent way t develp endurance, agility, and crdinatin. Players must wrk tgether t ____19____a cmmn gal, making it bth a physical and mental challenge.
On the ther hand, rck climbing attracts thse wh prefer____20____sprts. It demands bth physical strength and mental fcus. Climbers must strategize their mves, as ne mistake culd____21____the entire climb. Rck climbing can be dne indrs r utdrs, which makes it especially, ____22____t adventure seekers.
Fr thse wh enjy water-based activities, swimming is ideal. It ____23____the entire bdy, imprving cardivascular (心脏的) health and flexibility. Additinally, swimming is ____24____n the jints (关节), making it a great ptin fr peple recvering frm injuries. Regardless f which sprt yu chse,____25____is essential fr prgress. Cntinual training helps athletes meet specific gals, like imprving speed, r technique. Setting and wrking tward gals requires _____26_____and mtivates athletes t keep ging.
Recvery is equally imprtant. Overtraining leads t burnut and injuries, s athletes shuld_____27_____time fr rest and recvery. Prper nutritin als helps athletes_____28_____their energy levels. A balanced diet rich in nutrients can significantly _____29_____perfrmance. Beynd fitness, sprts als build_____30_____. Ding sprts develps discipline, perseverance, and teamwrk, skills that are _____31_____t many areas f life. Mrever, sprts prvide an utlet fr channeling stress. The rush frm scring a gal r the calm fcus f yga can help yu_____32_____frm daily challenges. With the grwing_____33_____f mental health, mre peple turn t sprts t reduce anxiety.
In cnclusin, sprts ffer smething fr everyne. Whether yur gal is t stay fit, meet new peple r_____34_____new challenges, sprts help yu_____35_____bth physically and mentally.
16. A. increaseB. relieveC. guaranteeD. create
17. A. simpleB. ethnicC. demandingD. shrt
18. A. highlightsB. discuragesC. cmpsesD. neglects
19. A. attemptB. achieveC. bserveD. abandn
20. A. individualB. flexibleC. dullD. enthusiastic
21. A. encurageB. enhanceC. ruinD. facilitate
22. A. appealingB. crucialC. inevitableD. unnecessary
23. A. fcusesB. requiresC. stressesD. engages
24. A. gentleB. difficultC. rareD. hard
25. A. participatinB. cnsistencyC. effrtD. creativity
26. A. determinatinB. hesitatinC. achievementD. cnfusin
27. A. set upB. set asideC. set ffD. set ut
28. A. reduceB. wasteC. restreD. exhaust
29. A. damageB. bstC. weakenD. distract
30. A. nutritinB. paceC. fitnessD. character
31. A. transferableB. accurateC. absentD. vivid
32. A. infrmB. checkC. relaxD. flat
33. A. debateB. awarenessC. delightD. ignrance
34. A. faceB. avidC. missD. recgnize
35. A. featureB. dreadC. excelD. cmbine
【答案】16. B 17. C 18. A 19. B 20. A 21. C 22. A 23. D 24. A 25. B 26. A 27. B 28. C 29. B 30. D 31. A 32. C 33. B 34. A 35. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文，短文介绍了几项运动以及其好处。
【16题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：无论是竞技还是娱乐，参加体育运动都是保持健康、缓解压力和提高整体健康水平的好方法。A. increase增加；B. relieve缓解；C. guarantee保证；D. create创造。根据上文“stay fit”以及下文“imprve verall well-being”可知，运动可以缓解压力。故选B项。
【17题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，找到合适的运动对许多人来说可能是一项艰巨的任务，因为偏好差异很大。A. simple简单的；B. ethnic少数的；C. demanding要求高的；D. shrt短的。根据下文“as preferences vary widely.”可知，偏好差异很大，所以找到合适的运动对许多人来说可能是一项艰巨的任务。故选C项。
【18题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：它很容易学习，需要最少的设备，并强调团队合作。A. highlights强调；B. discurages使气馁；C. cmpses组成；D. neglects忽略。根据上文“requires minimal equipment”以及下文“teamwrk”以及常识可知，足球强调团队合作。故选A项。
【19题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：球员们必须齐心协力实现一个共同的目标，这既是对身体的挑战，也是对精神的挑战。A. attempt尝试；B. achieve实现；C. bserve观察；D. abandn放弃。根据上文“wrk tgether”可知，齐心协力实现一个共同的目标。故选B项。
【20题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：另一方面，攀岩吸引了那些喜欢个人运动的人。A. individual个人的；B. flexible灵活的；C. dull枯燥的；D. enthusiastic热情的。根据常识可知，攀岩属于个人运动。故选A项。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：攀登者必须对自己的行动制定策略，因为一个错误就可能毁掉整个攀登。A. encurage鼓励；B. enhance提高；C. ruin毁灭；D. facilitate提高。根据“ne mistake”可知，一个错误就可能毁掉整个攀登的实施。故选C项。
22题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：攀岩可以在室内或室外进行，这使得它特别，吸引冒险爱好者。A. appealing吸引人的；B. crucial关键的；C. inevitable不可避免的；D. unnecessary不必要的。根据上文“makes it especially”可知，攀岩吸引冒险爱好者。故选A项。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：它使整个身体参与，改善心血管健康和灵活性。A. fcuses集中；B. requires要求；C. stresses强调；D. engages使参加。根据下文“imprving cardivascular(心脏的)health and flexibility”可知，它使整个身体参与。故选D项。
【24题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：此外，游泳对关节是温和的。A. gentle温柔的；B. difficult困难的；C. rare稀少的；D. hard困难的。根据下文“making it a great ptin fr peple recvering frm injuries”可知，游泳对关节是温和的。故选A项。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：无论你选择哪种运动，坚持是进步的关键。A. participatin参加；B. cnsistency一致性，连贯性；C. effrt努力；D. creativity创造力。根据下文“Cntinual training helps athletes meet specific gals, like imprving speed, r technique.”可知，坚持是进步的关键。故选B项。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：设定目标并朝着目标努力需要决心，并激励运动员继续前进。A. determinatin决心；B. hesitatin犹豫；C. achievement成就；D. cnfusin困惑。根据下文“keep ging.”可知，设定目标并朝着目标努力需要决心。故选A项。
【27题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：过度训练会导致疲劳和受伤，所以运动员应该留出休息和恢复的时间。A. set up建立；B. set aside留出；C. set ff启程；D. set ut着手。根据下文“time fr rest and recvery.”可知，运动员应该留出休息和恢复的时间。故选B项。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：适当的营养也有助于运动员恢复他们的能量水平。A. reduce减少；B. waste浪费；C. restre恢复；D. exhaust使筋疲力尽。根据上文“recvery”以及“Prper nutritin”可知，适当的营养也有助于运动员恢复他们的能量水平。故选C项。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：营养丰富的均衡饮食可以显著提高表现。A. damage破坏；B. bst提升；C. weaken削弱；D. distract使分心。根据上文“A balanced diet rich in nutrients”可知，营养丰富的均衡饮食可以显著提高表现。故选B项。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：除了健身，运动还能塑造性格。A. nutritin营养；B. pace步伐；C. fitness健康； D. character性格。根据下文“Ding sprts develps discipline, perseverance, and teamwrk, skills”可知，运动还能塑造性格。故选D项。
【31题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：做运动可以培养纪律、毅力和团队合作精神，这些技能可以应用到生活的许多领域。A. transferable可转让的；B. accurate正确的； C. absent缺席的；D. vivid 生动的，逼真的。根据下文“t many areas f life.”可知，这些技能可以应用到生活的许多领域。故选A项。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：进球带来的快感或瑜伽带来的平静专注都能帮助你从日常挑战中放松下来。A. infrm告知；B. check核对；C. relax使放松； D. flat漂浮。根据上文“The rush frm scring a gal r the calm fcus f yga”可知，进球带来的快感或瑜伽带来的平静专注都能帮助你从日常挑战中放松下来。故选C项。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着心理健康意识的增强，越来越多的人转向运动来减少焦虑。A. debate讨论；B. awareness意识；C. delight快乐；D. ignrance忽略。根据下文“mre peple turn t sprts t reduce anxiety.”可知，随着心理健康意识的增强，越来越多的人转向运动来减少焦虑。故选B项。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：无论你的目标是保持健康，还是结识新朋友。或者面对新的挑战，运动可以帮助你在身体和精神上都表现出色。A. face面对；B. avid避免；C. miss错过；D. recgnize认出。根据下文“new challenges”可知，需要面对挑战。故选A项。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：无论你的目标是保持健康，还是结识新朋友。或者面对新的挑战，运动可以帮助你在身体和精神上都表现出色。A. feature 以……为特色；B. dread害怕；C. excel精通，擅长；D. cmbine结合。根据上文“In recent years, the imprtance f staying active has gained mre recgnitin as”可知，运动让人表现出色。故选C项。
III.阅读理解(共12个小题，满分30分)
A
At ne time, the inheritance f traditinal drama was difficult. Peple f insight screamed “save drama”. Many celebrities and big names put dwn their figures and went t the cmmunity t carry ut public welfare perfrmances f pera, and did everything pssible t expand the cverage f drama. In recent years, traditinal Chinese culture and art has gained a fthld n shrt vide platfrms and attracted a large number f yung fllwers thanks t the explsive grwth f the shrt vide industry. Relaxing, emtinal and fragmented, these vide cntents perfectly match the demands f the users. With the applicatin f new technlgies such as scial cmmunicatin and immersive experiencing, shrt vide platfrms are seeing mre users, becming a shining spt f new Internet media.
Recently, Huangmei Opera “ Female Cnsrt Prince ” became a hit n shrt vide platfrms as a lt f yung users cvered the aria (咏叹调) in their wn way and shwed great artistic talents. The interactive platfrms are expanding the charm f the traditinal pera amng yung peple.
Peking Opera was als well-received n shrt vide platfrms thanks t a series f augmented reality (AR) effects. Users lve t film clips with a set f virtual facial makeup, headwear and cstumes. Statistics indicate that these effects were applied by mre than 18 millin users, mst f whm were yung peple.
In additin t Chinese peras, intangible cultural heritage items, such as embridery, paper-cutting, printing and dyeing, shadw play wrks, iled paper umbrella making, and bamb weaving are als actively prmted n shrt vide platfrms. In a wrd, shrt vide platfrms are becming an imprtant channel t display China’s intangible cultural heritage.
Shrt vide platfrms, ffering a fun, ppular and easy way t explre the traditinal art frms, are receiving a lt f psitive feedbacks frm China’s yung generatins. The secnds, r minutes lng vides, alng with unlimited pssibilities as well as richness f styles, have prduced remarkable achievements in prmting traditinal Chinese culture.
36. What mainly made the inheritance f traditinal drama difficult?
A. The slw grwth f industry.B. The insufficient cverage f drama.
C. The prly-met demands f the users.D. The severe shrtage f the drama actrs.
37. What led t the prmtin f Peking Opera n shrt vide platfrm?
A. The scial cmmunicatin.B. The set f virtual facial makeup.
C. The psitive feedbacks frm users.D. The applicatin f new technlgies.
38. Why are paper-cutting and bamb weaving mentined?
A. T expand the charm f traditinal Chinese culture.
B. T prve traditinal art frms are actively prmted.
C. T shw the current situatin f these cultural heritage.
D. T ffer new channels t display China’s cultural heritage.
39. Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A. The Bright Future f Huangmei Opera.
B. The Explsive Grwth f the Shrt Vide Industry.
C. The Simple Way t Explre the Traditinal Art Frm.
D. The Creative Cmbinatin f Culture and Technlgies.
【答案】36. C 37. D 38. B 39. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了由于短视频行业的爆炸式增长，中国传统文化和艺术在短视频平台上站稳了脚跟，吸引了大量年轻粉丝。戏曲、刺绣、剪纸、印染、皮影戏、油纸伞、竹编等非物质文化遗产项目也在短视频平台上积极推广。
【36题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段三、四句“In recent years, traditinal Chinese culture and art has gained a fthld n shrt vide platfrms and attracted a large number f yung fllwers thanks t the explsive grwth f the shrt vide industry. Relaxing, emtinal and fragmented, these vide cntents perfectly match the demands f the users.(近年来，由于短视频行业的爆炸式增长，中国传统文化和艺术在短视频平台上站稳了脚跟，吸引了大量年轻粉丝。这些视频内容轻松、情绪化、碎片化，非常符合用户的需求)”可知，传统戏曲传承困难的主要原因是用户的需求得不到满足。故选C项。
【37题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段第一句“Peking Opera was als well-received n shrt vide platfrms thanks t a series f augmented reality (AR) effects.(由于一系列增强现实（AR）效果，京剧在短视频平台上也很受欢迎)”可知，新科技的运用促成了京剧在短视频平台上的推广。故选D项。
【38题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段第一句“In additin t Chinese peras, intangible cultural heritage items, such as embridery, paper-cutting, printing and dyeing, shadw play wrks, iled paper umbrella making, and bamb weaving are als actively prmted n shrt vide platfrms.(除了戏曲，刺绣、剪纸、印染、皮影戏、油纸伞、竹编等非物质文化遗产项目也在短视频平台上积极推广)”可推知，文章提到剪纸和竹编是为了证明传统艺术形式得到了积极的推广。故选B项。
【39题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第一段最后一句“With the applicatin f new technlgies such as scial cmmunicatin and immersive experiencing, shrt vide platfrms are seeing mre users, becming a shining spt f new Internet media.(随着社交、沉浸式体验等新技术的应用，短视频平台的用户越来越多，成为互联网新媒体的一个亮点)”和最后一句“he secnds, r minutes lng vides, alng with unlimited pssibilities as well as richness f styles, have prduced remarkable achievements in prmting traditinal Chinese culture.(几秒或几分钟长的视频，以无限的可能性和丰富的风格，在弘扬中国传统文化方面取得了显著的成就)”并结合全文可知，本文主要是在介绍文化与科技的创造性结合。故选D项。
B
Her face is framed by wavy brwn hair extensins, her filled lips pursed twards the viewer. It culd be a descriptin f an Instagram pst, but the tuched-up (修改过的) beauty is Diana Cecil, an English nblewman wh belngs t a pwerful family at the Jacbean curt. Experts at English Heritage have discvered that her prtrait had been altered by restrers t enhance certain features, suggesting that ur mdern beauty standards might nt be s mdern after all.
The great-grand-daughter f William Cecil, Lrd Burghley, ne f Elizabeth I’s clsest advisers, Diana was cnsidered ne f the great beauties f her age. Yet it seems a later artist had ther ideas. A restrer, prbably in the 19th century, wrked n the painting after it was damaged frm being rlled sideways. It seems they als tk the pprtunity t alter the nblewman’s face, enlarging her lips and lwering her hairline t reduce the size f her frehead.
Nw, fllwing careful cnservatin wrk, Cecil’s riginal appearance has been restred, with the full-length prtrait-painted by Crnelius Jhnsn when Cecil was abut 31. The cnservatin team discvered the changes made t the Jhnsn painting after remving a yellwing layer f ily liquid that had cvered its riginal, mre vivid clrs. They als surprisedly fund the artist’s signature, and a date that had been signed in the prtrait’s curtain suggesting it was finished in1634 and nt 1638 as previusly thught.
Accrding t Alice Tate-Harte, a cnservatr at English Heritage, it was nt uncmmn fr peple t ‘sweeten’ ld paintings in the 19th and early 20th centuries. ”Cnservatin wasn’t a prfessin, they weren’t wrking in institutins with salaries,” she said. “They were artist restrers and they had a bit mre flexibility t prettify and beautify, whereas we have a lt mre ethics tday. we must keep ur retuching t a minimum. I hpe I’ve dne Diana justice by remving thse additins and presenting her natural face t the wrld.”
40. What des the discvery f experts at English Heritage suggest?
A. Prettiness is in the eyes f the viewer.B. Every great artist was nce an amateur.
C. Past nrms may repeat themselves at present.D. Beauty suls shine brighter than appearances.
41. What d we knw abut the riginal prtrait f Diana Cecil?
A. The riginal beauty failed t entertain the restrerB. The prtrait was in fact painted fr William Cecil.
C. The painter intended t hide the beauty f Diana.D. The age f Diana was expsed by her hairline.
42. Which f the fllwing is an unexpected finding frm the cnservatin wrk?
A. The additin f the bright clr.B. The prtrait’s date f cmpletin.
C. The remval f the artist’s signature.D. The extent f damage t the painting.
43. What des Alice think is the duty f art cnservatin?
A. It means an artistic way f living.B. It depends n artists’ preference.
C. It requires ethical cnsideratins.D. It represents the fashin f time.
【答案】40. C 41. A 42. B 43. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文讲述了英国遗产专家的一项发现，即17世纪的贵族女性戴安娜·塞西尔的肖像画曾被修复者修改以增强其美貌特征，这暗示了现代审美标准可能并非如我们所想的那样现代，而是存在历史循环的现象。
【40题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段的“Experts at English Heritage have discvered that her prtrait had been altered by restrers t enhance certain features, suggesting that ur mdern beauty standards might nt be s mdern after all.(英国传统博物馆的专家发现，修复者对她的肖像进行了修改，以增强某些特征，这表明我们的现代美学标准可能根本不是那么现代)”可知，专家发现修复者对Diana Cecil的肖像进行了修改，这表明现在的美学标准并非如我们所想的那样现代，而是存在历史循环的现象。由此可推知，专家的发现表明过去的审美标准可能在现在会得到重复。故选C。
【41题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段的“Yet it seems a later artist had ther ideas. A restrer, prbably in the 19th century, wrked n the painting after it was damaged frm being rlled sideways. It seems they als tk the pprtunity t alter the nblewman’s face, enlarging her lips and lwering her hairline t reduce the size f her frehead.(然而，后来的艺术家似乎有其他想法。可能是在19世纪，一位修复者对这幅画进行了修复，因为它因侧向滚动而受损。他们似乎也利用这个机会改变了这位贵妇人的脸，扩大了她的嘴唇，降低了她的发际线，以缩小她的前额)”可知，后来的修复者对戴安娜·塞西尔的肖像进行了改动，包括增大嘴唇尺寸和降低发际线以减小额头大小。由此可推知，原始画像并未完全满足修复者对于美的期望。故选A。
【42题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段的“They als surprisedly fund the artist’s signature, and a date that had been signed in the prtrait’s curtain suggesting it was finished in1634 and nt 1638 as previusly thught.(他们还惊奇地发现了这位艺术家的签名，以及在肖像的幕布上签名的日期，这表明肖像是1634年完成的，而不是之前认为的1638年)”可知，保护工作意外的发现了该画像完成于1634年而不是先前认为的1638年。故选B。
【43题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段的““They were artist restrers and they had a bit mre flexibility t prettify and beautify, whereas we have a lt mre ethics tday. we must keep ur retuching t a minimum. I hpe I’ve dne Diana justice by remving thse additins and presenting her natural face t the wrld.”(“他们是艺术家修复师，他们在美化和美化方面有了更多的灵活性，而我们今天有了更多的道德规范。我们必须将我们的润饰保持在最低限度。我希望我删除了这些添加，并将她自然的面貌呈现给世界，这对戴安娜来说是正义的。”)”可知，现在的艺术品保护工作有着更多的伦理规范，必须尽量减少对作品的修补，以公正地向世人展示艺术品原有的面貌。这说明她认为艺术保护工作需要考虑伦理因素。故选C。
C
We all have a tendency t fake laugh, particularly when authrity figures in ur lives try t make a jke that just desn’t land. Thugh it might feel rude nt t laugh when yur in-laws r bss try t say smething funny, pretending t d s might nt be much better. It turns ut, even if yu think that yur frced laughing sunds genuine, peple are usually pretty gd at separating truly spirited belly laughs frm fake nes. But hw can they pssible knw the difference?
Well, when researchers at the University f Califrnia, Ls Angeles studied the acustic and perceptual differences between real and fake laughter, they fund that sme f the sunds assciated with genuine laughter is “really hard t fake.” In their study, the researchers determined that subjects were nly fled by 37 percent f fake laughter.
The mst prminent factr distinguishing real laughter frm fake laughter is duratin -- r, mre specifically, the number f breaths taken in in between sunds. Seeing as it takes mre effrt and cncentratin t fake a laugh as ppsed t d it genuinely, peple tend t pause mre in between their “ha-ha’s” when they’re faking it. Evidently, that pausing is pretty nticeable.
“A fake laugh is basically an imitatin f a real laugh, but prduced with a slightly different set f vcal muscles cntrlled by a different part f ur brain,” Greg Bryant, the lead UCLA researcher n the study, explained. “The result is that there are subtle features f the laugh that sund like speech, and ... peple are uncnsciusly quite sensitive t them.”
Peple have als prven t be emtinally sensitive t laughter as well. “Our rains are very sensitive t the scial and emtinal significance f laughter,” said Carlyn McGettigan, a scientist at Ryal Hllway, University f Lndn.
McGettigan cnducted a 2014 study that recrded participants’ brain respnses as they listened t the same peple prduce genuine laughter by watching funny vides as ppsed t fake laughter. “During ur study, when participants heard a laugh that was psed, they activated regins f the brain assciated with mentalizing in an attempt t understand the ther persn’s emtinal and mental state,” she said.
S, while we may understand that certain scial situatins smetimes require fake laughter, mst f the time, ur instincts and emtinal intelligence are just t smart t buy int them.
Accrding t McGettigan, that’s a gd thing. “Evlutinarily speaking, it’s gd t be able t detect if smene is authentically experiencing an emtin r if they’re nt,” she said. “Because yu dn’t want t be fled.”
44. What d researchers at the University f Califrnia want t find ut in this study?
A. What is the difference between a fake laugh and a real ne.
B. Which part f the brain cntrls the sund f ur laughter.
C. Why d peple need t fake laugh when they dn’t want t.
D. Hw t laugh as genuinely as pssible when yu are faking it.
45. Yur frced laughing is mre nticeable than yu think, mainly because_______.
A. yu seem mre cncentrated when yu laugh fr real
B. yu take mre breaths when yu try t fake a laugh
C. a fake laugh ften happens after a sudden pause
D. a real laugh usually lasts lnger than a fake ne
46. Which f the fllwing is true accrding t Greg Bryant?
A. Real laughter is nt at all cntrllable by ur brain.
B. Peple may ntice fake laughter withut knwing why.
C. Peple use the same set f muscles t laugh and t speak.
D. Faking laugh shares the same techniques as making speech.
47. What has Carlyn McGettigan’s 2014 study prven?
A Certain scial situatins may require us t fake a laugh.
B. Evlutin has enabled us t recgnize ther’s emtins.
C. By instincts, we are able t tell a persn’s mental state.
D. We can sense ther’s emtinal state when they laugh.
【答案】44 A 45. B 46. B 47. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。我们都有一种假笑的倾向，尤其是当我们生活中的权威人物试图说一个无法成功的笑话时。事实证明，即使你认为你的强迫笑听起来很真实，人们通常很擅长区分真笑和假笑。一项针对真笑和假笑在声学和感知上的差异的研究发现，区分真笑和假笑最重要的因素是声音之间的呼吸次数。文章中两位研究人员对此进行了一些说明。
【44题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中Well, when researchers at the University f Califrnia, Ls Angeles studied the acustic and perceptual differences between real and fake laughter, they fund that sme f the sunds assciated with genuine laughter is “really hard t fake.”可知加州大学洛杉矶分校的研究人员研究了真笑和假笑在声学和感知上的差异，他们发现一些与真笑相关的声音“真的很难假装”。由此可知，加州大学的研究人员想在这项研究中发现了假笑和真笑的区别。故选A。
【45题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中The mst prminent factr distinguishing real laughter frm fake laughter is duratin —r, mre specifically, the number f breaths taken in in between sunds. Seeing as it takes mre effrt and cncentratin t fake a laugh as ppsed t d it genuinely, peple tend t pause mre in between their “ha-ha’s” when they’re faking it.可知区分真笑和假笑最重要的因素是持续时间，或者更具体地说，是声音之间的呼吸次数。假笑比真笑需要更多的努力和注意力，所以人们在假装笑的时候，往往会在“哈哈大笑”的间隙停顿更多。由此可知，你的假笑比你想象的更引人注目，这主要是因为当你试图假笑时，你会做更多的呼吸。故选B。
【46题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中“The result is that there are subtle features f the laugh that sund like speech,and ... peple are uncnsciusly quite sensitive t them.”可知“其结果是，笑声中有一些微妙的特征听起来像在说话，而且……人们在不知不觉中对它们相当敏感。”由此可推知，根据Greg Bryant 的说法，B选项“人们可能会在不知道原因的情况下注意到假笑声”正确。故选B。
【47题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中“During ur study, when participants heard a laugh that was psed, they activated regins f the brain assciated with mentalizing in an attempt t understand the ther persn’s emtinal and mental state,” she said.可知她说：“在我们的研究中，当参与者听到别人发出的笑声时，他们会激活大脑中与精神化相关的区域，试图理解对方的情绪和精神状态。”由此可知，Carlyn McGettigan 2014年的研究证明了当别人笑的时候，我们可以感觉到他们的情绪状态。故选D。
第II卷
IV.短语填空(共10题，满分10分，其中两个短语为多余)
选词填空
48. Cuntries that invest in educatin ften see lng-term benefits; _________Finland, knwn fr its wrld-class educatin system.
49. The new plicy_________ a series f changes that imprved the schl’s academic perfrmance.
50. After years f hard wrk, her effrts_________ when she finally graduated with hnrs
51. Her parents’ supprt and guidance _________her hidden ptential, allwing her t excel beynd her wn expectatins.
52. Determined t hnr his family’s legacy, he chse t _________and becme a respected architect.
53. He stands as_________ that with perseverance, even the mst challenging bstacle can be vercme.
54. She decided t_________ the jb ffer because it wasn’t the right fit fr her lng-term career gals.
55. The fast-paced city life was _________the quiet cuntryside where she had spent her childhd.
56. His determinatin and leadership_________ in the team’s grundbreaking success.
57. The characters in the nvel truly _________thrugh the authr’s vivid descriptins and strytelling.
【答案】48. take fr example
49. set in mtin
50. paid ff
51. brught ut
52. fllw in his father/mther’s ftsteps
53. living prf
54. turn dwn
55. a far cry frm
56. played a part
57. came t life
【解析】
【48题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：投资教育的国家往往能看到长期的好处；以芬兰为例，该国以其世界一流的教育体系而闻名。根据下文“Finland, knwn fr its wrld-class educatin system”可推测，下文是一个具体的例子。短语“take fr example”，意为“以……为例”，符合句意。故填take fr example。
【49题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：新政策引发了一系列的变化，提高了学校的学术表现。分析句子成分可知，空处为本句的谓语动词；根据从句时态可知，本句时态为一般过去时；根据空后的“a series f changes”可推测，空处意为“引发”；短语“set in mtin”意为“引起一系列变化”，符合句意；主语为“the new plicy”，和动词短语“set in mtin”之间为主动关系。故填set in mtin。
【50题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：经过多年的努力，她的努力终于得到了回报，她以优异的成绩毕业了。分析句子成分可知，空处为本句的谓语动词；根据从句时态可知，本句时态为一般过去时；根据“after years f hard wrk”以及空后的“when she finally graduated with hnrs”可推测，“她的努力”终于“有了回报”。短语“pay ff”，意为“取得成功、有回报”，符合句意；主语“her effrts”和动词短语“pay ff”之间为主动关系。故填paid ff。
【51题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：父母的支持和引导激发了她隐藏的潜力，让她超越了自己的期望。分析句子成分可知，空处为本句的谓语动词；根据句意可知，本句时态为一般过去时。根据下文“allwing her t excel beynd her wn expectatins”可推测，空处指的是“引起、激发”她的潜力。短语“bring ut”，意为“激发、使显露”，符合句意；主语“Her parents’ supprt and guidance”和短语“bring ut”之间为主动关系。故填brught ut。
【52题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：他决心继承家族传统，决定追随父亲/母亲的脚步，成为一名受人尊敬的建筑师。根据上文“Determined t hnr his family’s legacy”以及下文“becme a respected architect”可知，空处指的是“追随家族传统”。分析句子成分可知，空处为动词原形；短语“fllw in ne’s ftsteps”，意为“追随某人的脚步；继承某人的事业或传统”，符合句意。故填fllw in his father/mther’s ftsteps。
【53题详解】
考查名词短语。句意：他就是一个活生生的例子：只要有毅力，即使是最具挑战性的障碍也能克服。根据下文“with perseverance, even the mst challenging bstacle can be vercme”可知，空处指的是他就是这句话的证明。分析句子成分可知，空处为名词形式。名词短语“living prf”，意为“活生生的证据；生动的证明”，符合句意。故填living prf。
【54题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：她决定拒绝这份工作，因为它不适合她的长期职业目标。根据下文“because it wasn’t the right fit fr her lng-term career gals”可知，她拒绝了这份工作。分析句子成分可知，空处为动词原形。动词短语“turn dwn”，意为“拒绝”，符合句意。故填turn dwn。
【55题详解】
考查名词短语。句意：喧嚣繁忙的城市生活与她度过童年的宁静乡村截然不同。根据空前的“the fast-paced city life”和空后的“the quiet cuntryside”可知，这两种生活截然不同。分析句子成分可知，空处为表语。短语“a far cry frm”，意为“与……大不相同；相差甚远”，符合句意。故填a far cry frm。
【56题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：他的决心和领导力在团队取得突破性成功的过程中发挥了作用。根据句意可知，主语“his determinatin and leadership”对空后“the team’s grundbreaking success”起决定性作用。短语“play a part”意为“起作用”，符合句意；分析句子成分可知，空处为本句的谓语动词；主语为“his determinatin and leadership”，单数，和动词短语“play a part”之间为主动关系。故填played a part。
【57题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：小说中的角色通过作者生动的描写和叙事技巧变得栩栩如生。根据句意可知，主语“the characters in the nvel”通过“the authr’s vivid descriptins and strytelling”会变得更生动。短语“cme t life”，意为“活跃起来；栩栩如生”，符合句意。分析句子成分可知，空处为本句的谓语动词；根据句意可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语“the characters in the nvel”和动词短语“cme t life”之间为主动关系。故填came t life。
V.用所给的首字母或英文释义或中文提示写出单词(共15题，满分15分)
58. The i_________ (using new ideas; creative) design f the new museum amazed the visitrs, pushing the bundaries f bth art and architecture. （根据首字母及英文释义单词拼写）
【答案】innvative##nnvative
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：新博物馆的创新设计令游客惊叹不已，它突破了艺术和建筑的界限。修饰名词design，前用形容词形式。根据首字母及英文释义，用形容词innvative，表示“创新的”。故填innvative。
59. Inspired by a_________(抽象的) art, Pabl Picass created wrks that challenged traditinal ideas, leaving a lasting impact n mdern art. (根据中英文提示拼写单词)
【答案】abstract##bstract
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：受抽象艺术的启发，毕加索创作了挑战传统观念的作品，对现代艺术产生了持久的影响。名词art前用形容词修饰。形容词“抽象的”英文为abstract。故填abstract。
60. Standing befre the Grand Canyn (大峡谷), the view was truly a _________(令人起敬的), a reminder f nature’s pwer and beauty. （根据中英文提示拼写单词）
【答案】awe-inspiring##we-inspiring
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：站在大峡谷前，景色确实令人振奋，提醒着人们大自然的力量和美丽。根据首字母和汉语提示可知，应用形容词awe-inspiring表示“令人起敬的”，作表语。故填awe-inspiring。
61. The team’s e_________ t win the champinship was high after an undefeated seasn. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】expectatin##xpectatin##enthusiasm##nthusiasm
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：在一个不败的赛季之后，球队夺得冠军的期望/热情很高。根据句中“after an undefeated seasn”可推知，在一个不败的赛季之后，球队的信心高涨，对夺冠的“期望”或者“热情”很高，结合首字母提示，可用不可数名词expectatin或者enthusiasm作主语。故填expectatin/enthusiasm。
62. The researcher’s wrk was r_________ , ffering insights that transfrmed the way peple understd climate change. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】remarkable##emarkable##revlutinary##evlutinary
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：这位研究人员的工作非常出色/是革命性的，提供了改变人们理解气候变化方式的见解。句中用形容词作表语。根据首字母提示及句意，用形容词remarkable，表示“非凡的；卓越的”；或用形容词revlutinary，表示“革命性的”。故填remarkable/revlutinary。
63. Thugh he was a strng _________ in the chess turnament, his sprtsmanship and respect fr the game were admirable. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】ppnent##ppnent
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：虽然他在国际象棋比赛中是一个强大的对手，但他的体育精神和对比赛的尊重令人钦佩。形容词strng后接名词形式。根据首字母提示及句意，用名词ppnent，表示“对手”之意。根据不定冠词a可知，用名词的单数形式。故填ppnent。
64. The success f the prject depended n clse c_________(合作) between different grups. （根据中英文提示拼写单词）
【答案】cperatin##peratin
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：这项任务的成功只能依靠不同小组的紧密合作。根据汉语意思提示和首字母提示可知，此处为名词cperatin“合作”，名词介词n的宾语。故填cperatin。
65 The laughter f children and the warmth f the sun made the picnic truly d_________. (very pleasant) (根据首字母及英文释义单词拼写)
【答案】delightful##elightful
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：孩子们的笑声和温暖的阳光使野餐变得非常愉快。副词truly后接形容词，在句中作宾语补足语。根据首字母及英文释义，用形容词delightful，表示“愉快的”之意。故填delightful。
66. After years f living abrad, he finally btained p_________(永久的)residence in Canada. （根据中英文提示拼写单词）
【答案】permanent##ermanent
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：在国外生活多年后，他终于在加拿大获得了永久的居留权。根据单词首字母和汉语提示“永久的”及后文名词residence可知，此处应用形容词permanent作定语修饰名词。故填permanent。
67. His lve fr c_________ literature was evident as he quted lines frm Shakespeare with ease. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】classic##lassic##classical##lassical
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：他对经典文学的热爱是显而易见的，因为他能轻而易举地引用莎士比亚的名句。设空处单词作定语，修饰名词literature，根据句中“he quted lines frm Shakespeare”可知，他热爱的是像莎士比亚作品这样的“经典文学”，结合首字母提示，用形容词classic或者classical作定语。故填classic/classical。
68. After receiving the unexpected gift, he sent a heartfelt message t shw hw a_________ he was. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】appreciative##ppreciative
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：收到这份意想不到的礼物后，他发了一条信息来由衷地表达他是多么的感激。根据句中“receiving the unexpected gift”和“sent a heartfelt message”可知，发信息是为了表达感激之情，结合首字母提示，用形容词appreciative作从句表语，意为“感激的”。故填appreciative。
69. The dctr was ptimistic abut the _________ (the result f an actin) f the surgery, predicting a full recvery. （根据首字母及英文释义单词拼写）
【答案】utcme##utcme
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：医生对手术的结果很乐观，预计他会完全康复。根据单词首字母以及英文释义可知，此处应用名词utcme“结果”，介词后用名词作宾语。故填utcme。
70. In spite f the challenges, they cnsidered each hardship a b_________ that helped them grw strnger. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】blessing##lessing
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：尽管面临挑战，他们认为每一次困难都是帮助他们变得更强大的好事。根据空格前冠词a可知，应填入单数名词作宾语，结合句中“helped them grw strnger”可知，每一次困难都是一次“好事”，结合首字母提示，用名词blessing，意为“好事；有益之事”。故填blessing。
71. She spent hurs practicing, determined t s_________ (imprve smething) her skills and reach the next level in her career. (根据首字母及英文释义单词拼写)
【答案】sharpen##harpen
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：她花了几个小时练习，决心提高自己的技能，使自己的职业生涯达到下一个水平。根据首字母提示和英文释义“imprve smething”可知，应用动词sharpen，表示“提高，使锋利”，用动词原形构成不定式作宾语。故填sharpen。
72. As the sun began t d_________ belw the hrizn, the sky turned a burning range. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】descend##escend
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：当太阳开始落到地平线以下时，天空变成了燃烧的橙色。begin t d sth. 开始做某事。根据首字母提示及句意，用动词descend，表示“ 下降；降临”之意。故填descend。
take fr example，set ut，cme t life，pay ff，set in mtin，give way, fllw in ne’s ftsteps， bring ut， living prf， turn dwn， a far cry frm， play a part