[英语]江苏省东台市部分学校2024-2025学年高一上学期10月联考试题(解析版)

这是一份[英语]江苏省东台市部分学校2024-2025学年高一上学期10月联考试题(解析版)，共23页。试卷主要包含了5分, 满分37，99; iOS)等内容，欢迎下载使用。

第一部分 听力 (略)
第二部分 阅读 (共两节, 满分50分)
第一节 (共15小题; 每小题2.5分, 满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项。
A
It can be tugh t pull kids away frm their cmputers and mbile devices these days. While they’re playing games, wuldn’t it be great if they culd be learning at the same time? Gd educatinal apps ffer fun challenges that teach specific grade-level skills. Here are fur apps that cmbine fun and learning.
Understanding Math ($3.99; iOS)
Understanding Math ges beynd basic cmprehensin t gain a deeper understanding f the whys and hws f math. The app tracks yur child’s prgress t determine strengths and weaknesses in different skill areas, and yu can tailr yur child’s learning experience t suit the needs.
Wrd Creativity Kit ($2.99; iOS)
Wrd Creativity Kit aims nt nly t make creative writing fun but als build up grammar rules. The app presents a series f wrds frm seven categries, such as space r fantasy. Kids add their wn wrds t finish the cmplete thughts that these wrds have inspired.
Bareft Wrld Atlas ($4.99; iOS)
Bareft Wrld Atlas helps kids learn abut gegraphy and wrld cultures with a tuch f the screen. Each regin features a set f subtpics frm wildlife and natural features t lcal peple, landmarks, and architecture. These facts and illustratins are delivered in phtgraphs, sunds, and hundreds f mini vides.
My Grades & Hmewrk ($80.99; iOS)
A cmbinatin f grades and hmewrk tracker, My Grades & Hmewrk, can help yur child stay rganized and n tp f the prgress in schl. A cnvenient calendar and curse list frmat ffer a glance at yur child’s assignment schedule that he r she might nt nrmally get frm standard hmewrk planners.
1. Which app is helpful in develping children’s writing skills?
A. Understanding Math.B. Wrd Creativity Kit.
C. Bareft Wrld Atlas.D. My Grades & Hmewrk.
2. What d the fur apps have in cmmn?
A. They need paying when dwnlading
B. They make studies fun by mini vides.
C. They help children imprve their grades.
D. They tailr children’s study t their needs.
3. What is the purpse f the text?
A. T intrduce fur educatinal apps fr readers t buy and use.
B. T develp mre educatinal apps cmbining fun and learning.
C. T encurage parents t stp their children frm playing games.
D. T ask readers t design mre interesting educatinal apps fr children.
【答案】1. B 2. A 3. A
【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文。好的教育应用程序提供有趣的挑战, 教授特定年级水平的技能。文章介绍了将乐趣和学习结合起来的四个应用程序。
【1题详解】细节理解题。根据Wrd Creativity Kit部分中的第一句话“Wrd Creativity Kit aims nt nly t make creative writing fun but als build up grammar rules.(单词创意工具包的目标不仅是让创意写作变得有趣, 而且还建立语法规则)”可知, Wrd Creativity Kit应用程序对孩子的写作技能有益。故选B。
【2题详解】细节理解题。根据四个小标题后括号里的标价可知，四个应用程序都需要付费才能下载。故选A。
【3题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“Here are fur apps that cmbine fun and learning. (这里有四个应用程序将乐趣和学习结合起来)”可推知, 本文的目的是给读者介绍四个寓教于乐的应用程序，供读者购买和使用。故选A。
B
Sme f the classrms at Taft Elementary in Santa Clara, Califrnia, have ne disadvantage in cmmn: They dn’t have windws. That’s true fr Lgan Earnest’s fifth grade classrm, and he felt it was affecting his students.
“Mst f the day, they’re inside,” Earnest tld CBS News. “And they dn’t really get t see any trees, grass, r the blue sky.” He said the gray walls culd be depressing t the kids and may affect their attentin and even their attendance.
This was cnfirmed by frmer schl psychlgist Ernest Rdriguez, wh said the lack f windws des affect kids, because research shws being in and arund nature eases anxiety and benefits students. Thugh n lnger a practicing psychlgist, perhaps he knws nw mre than ever the impact nature has n mental health. Rdriguez became a park keeper n Suthern Califrnia’s Catalina Island and began fcusing n his passin—landscape phtgraphy.
It was during his training t becme a park ranger that he learned a fact that kids wh have views ut windws t trees d better academically, emtinally and creatively. S an idea t bring nature int rms came t his mind: Why nt bring landscapes in classrms—thrugh the ceiling (天花板), because teachers dn’t typically use them.
Rdriguez tk 360 degree shts f tree canpies (树冠) using his phtgraphy skills, then he printed them and fit them nt the classrm ceiling f Earnest’s fifth grade. “Beautiful,” ne student said as she entered the rm. Anther student said the trees brught him peace, “When yu lk up, it feels like yu’re sitting under a tree.”
Earnest said he thught there wuld be many psitive effects n his students. “I think my attendance is ging t g up. The kids are ging t want t cme here mre frequently. Overall, I think the kids are ging t be happier,” he said.
4. What is the cmmn challenge shared by sme classrms at Taft Elementary?
A. Lack f fresh air
B. They dn’t have enugh lighting.
C. Absence f windws.
D. They have limited access t technlgy.
5. Why did Ernest Rdriguez bring landscapes int classrms?
A. T advance his phtgraphy skills.B. T cnnect the students with nature.
C. T imprve the teachers’ perfrmance.D. T cause the students great excitement.
6. Hw did the students react t Rdriguez’s pictures n the classrm ceiling?
A. They did nt ntice the change.B. They failed t fcus n lessns.
C. They preferred the usual ceiling.D. They agreed with the new additins.
7. What’s Lgan Earnest’s attitude twards the change in the classrm?
A. Unsure.B. Supprtive.C. Alarmed.D. Cncerned.
【答案】4. C 5. B 6. D 7. B
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了Ernest Rdriguez将风景“带进”教室，让孩子们能够在没有窗户的教室里接触到自然。
【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Sme f the classrms at Taft Elementary in Santa Clara, Califrnia, have ne disadvantage in cmmn: They dn’t have windws.(加利福尼亚州圣克拉拉市塔夫脱小学的一些教室有一个共同的缺点：没有窗户。)”可知，这个学校的一些教室面临的一个共同挑战是它们都没有窗户。故选C。
【5题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中的“This was cnfirmed by frmer schl psychlgist Ernest Rdriguez, wh said the lack f windws des affect kids, because research shws being in and arund nature eases anxiety and benefits students.(前学校心理学家Ernest Rdriguez证实了这一点，他说缺乏窗户确实会影响孩子，因为研究表明，在大自然中和大自然周围可以缓解焦虑，对学生有益。)”以及第四段“It was during his training t becme a park ranger that he learned a fact that kids wh have views ut windws t trees d better academically, emtinally and creatively. S an idea t bring nature int rms came t his mind: Why nt bring landscapes in classrms—thrugh the ceiling (天花板), because teachers dn’t typically use them.(正是在他接受公园护林员培训的过程中，他了解到一个事实，即那些能看到窗外树木的孩子在学业、情感和创造力方面都做得更好。于是，他想到了一个将自然带入房间的想法：为什么不——通过天花板——把风景带进教室，因为老师通常不会使用它们。)”可知，Ernest Rdriguez了解到自然可以缓解焦虑并对学生有益，缺乏窗户会影响孩子的表现，而那些能看到窗外树木的孩子在学业、情感和创造力方面都表现更好，所以他想到了通过天花板把风景带进教室这个方法。由此可推测出，他将风景带进教室是为了将学生和自然联系在一起。故选B。
【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段中两名学生的评价““Beautiful,” ne student said as she entered the rm. Anther student said the trees brught him peace, “When yu lk up, it feels like yu’re sitting under a tree.””(“太美了，”一个学生走进房间时说。另一名学生说，这些树给他带来了平静，“当你抬头看的时候，感觉就像你坐在树下。”)可推知，学生很喜欢教室天花板上的风景，他们同意这新添加的东西。故选D。
【7题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Earnest said he thught there wuld be many psitive effects n his students. “I think my attendance is ging t g up. The kids are ging t want t cme here mre frequently. Overall, I think the kids are ging t be happier,” he said.(Earnest表示，他认为这将对他的学生产生许多积极影响。他说：“我认为我的出勤率会上升。孩子们会想更频繁地来这里。总的来说，我认为孩子们会更加快乐。”)”可推知，他对教室里的改变是持欣赏和赞同的态度的。故选B。
C
The beginning f the 20th century saw mre than 100,000 tigers living in the wild, a number that experienced a huge reductin f abut 97% due t factrs like illegal hunting and trading, habitat (栖息地) lss, shrtage f fd, human-tiger cnflict (冲突) and lack f will t address these factrs.
Prtecting and imprving tiger habitats can lead t the prtectin f thusands f ther species as well as imprtant ecsystem services that bring advantages t natins and the peple wh live in and clse t these habitats. Frests in tiger landscapes stre almst 3.5 times mre carbn than ther frests and ffer, prtectin against flds and ther natural disasters. They als attract ecturism and supprt agriculture by prviding fresh water, safeguarding sil and regulating lcal weather.
In 2010, the gvernments f 13 tiger range cuntries finally cmmitted t dubling the number r tigers in the wild and have made great effrts since. In 2022, India reprted an increase f 619 tigers since 2018, making it the secnd natin-after Nepal—t duble its wild tiger ppulatin cmpared t the 2010 baseline. On July 29,2023, the wrld celebrated Internatinal Tiger Day with gd news frm Bhutan. Its latest tiger ppulatin survey reprted 131 mre tigers living in the wild, a 27% increase frm its first systematic survey in 2015.
Bhutan’s achievement is reasn t celebrate. But peple in Bhutan and ther tiger range cuntries may nt necessarily be enthusiastic (热衷的) abut the grwth in tiger ppulatins After all, there are challenges ahead such as the pssibility f mre human-tiger cnflicts and reduced willingness t live alngside large predatrs.
Keeping cnflict frm happening in the first place is an essential first step. Gvernments and prtectin rganizatins can invest (投资) in early warning systems, structures fr prtectin against predatrs and ther measures t prevent human-tiger cnflicts. When cnflicts d ccur, measures t reduce their impacts, like insurance prjects, are imprtant: Finally, the mst imprtant part f human-tiger cexistence (共存) is an fair and inclusive way t prtectin. Lcal cmmunities shuld have a vice in develping and carrying ut prtectin strategies
8. What is paragraph 2 mainly abut?
A. The advantage f ecturism.B. The imprtance f saving tigers.
C. The necessity f planting frests.D. The influence f tigers n agriculture.
9. Hw is paragraph 3 mainly develped?
A. By giving examples.B. By shwing differences.
C. By describing research steps.D. By prviding research results.
10. Why are peple nt enthusiastic abut increasing tiger ppulatins?
A. The previus failure.B. The pssible danger.
C. The increased hunting.D. The required investment.
11. What is the best title fr the text?
A. Methds f aviding Human-Tiger Cnflicts.
B. Prtecting Tiger Habitats and Ecsystem Services.
C. Challenges and Chances in Human-Tiger Cexistence.
D. The Rle f Lcal Cmmunities in Tiger-Prtectin Effrts.
【答案】8. B 9. A 10. B 11. C
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了保护老虎的栖息地和生态系统服务的好处, 以及保护老虎所带来的挑战。
【8题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段第一句“Prtecting and imprving tiger habitats can lead t the prtectin f thusands f ther species as-well as imprtant ecsystem services that benefit (使受益) natins and the peple wh live in and clse t these habitats. (保护和改善老虎栖息地可以保护数千种其他物种以及重要的生态系统服务, 使生活在这些栖息地及其附近的国家和人民受益。) ”以及最后一句“They als attract ecturism (生态旅游业) and supprt agriculture by prviding fresh water, safeguarding sil and regulating lcal weather. (它们还通过提供淡水、保护土壤和调节当地天气来吸引生态旅游和支持农业。)”可知, 本段主要讲保护老虎的栖息地和生态系统服务对人类有很大的好处, 从而强调拯救老虎的重要性。故选B项。
【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段开头“In 2010. the gvernments f 13 tiger range cuntries finally cmmitted t dubling the number r tigers in the wild and have made great effrts since. In 2022, India reprted an increase f 619 tigers since 2018, making it the secnd natin — after Nepal — t duble its wild tiger ppulatin cmpared t the 2010 baseline. (2010年。13个老虎分布国的政府最终承诺将野生老虎的数量增加一倍, 并为此做出了巨大努力。2022年, 印度报告自2018年以来增加了619只老虎, 使其成为继尼泊尔之后第二个野生老虎数量比2010年增加一倍的国家。)”可知, 第三段主要是通过举例讲述人们对拯救老虎做出的努力。故选A项。
【10题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“After all, there are challenges ahead such as the pssibility f mre human-tiger cnflicts and reduced Willingness t live alngside large predatrs. (毕竟, 前方还有挑战, 比如可能会有更多的人与虎之间的冲突, 以及与大型捕食者一起生活的意愿降低。) ”可知, 潜在的风险可以解释人们对老虎数量增加缺乏热情。故选B项。
【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“Preventing cnflict frm happening in the first place is an essential first step. Gvernments and prtectin rganizatins can invest (投资) in early warning systems, structures fr prtectin against predatrs and ther measures t prevent human-tiger cnflicts. When cnflicts d ccur, measures t reduce their impacts, like insurance prjects, are imprtant: Finally, the mst imprtant part f human-tiger cexistence (共存) is an fair and inclusive way t prtectin. Lcal cmmunities shuld have a vice in develping and carrying ut prtectin strategies. (首先, 防止冲突的发生是至关重要的第一步。政府和保护组织可以投资于预警系统、防御捕食者的结构和其他预防人虎冲突的措施。当冲突确实发生时, 采取措施减少其影响, 如保险项目, 是很重要的: 最后, 人虎共存最重要的部分是公平和包容的保护方式。当地社区应在制定和实施保护战略方面拥有发言权。)”以及上文可知, 本文主要讲述了保护老虎的栖息地和生态系统服务的好处, 以及保护老虎所带来的挑战。所以C项Challenges and Chances in Human-Tiger Cexistence. (人虎共存的挑战与机遇。)符合语境。故选C项。
D
The practice f students endlessly cpying letters and sentences frm a blackbard is a thing f the past. With the cming f new technlgies like cmputers and smartphnes, writing by hand has becme smething f a nstalgic (怀旧的) skill. Hwever, while tday’s educatrs are using mre and mre technlgy in their teaching, many believe basic handwriting skills are still necessary fr students t be successful — bth in schl and in life.
Virginia Berninger, prfessr f educatinal psychlgy at the University f Washingtn, says it’s imprtant t cntinue teaching handwriting and help children acquire the skill f writing by hand.
Berninger and her clleagues cnducted a study that lked at the ability f students t cmplete varius writing tasks — bth n a cmputer and by hand. The study, published last year, fund that when writing with a pen and paper, participants wrte lnger essays and mre cmplete sentences and had a faster wrd prductin rate.
In a mre recent study, Berninger lked at what rle spelling plays in a student’s writing skills and fund that hw well children spell is tied t hw well they can write. “Spelling makes sme f the thinking parts f the brain active, which helps us access ur vcabulary, wrd meaning and cncepts. It is allwing ur written language t cnnect with ideas,” Berninger said.
“Spelling helps students translate ideas int wrds in their mind first and then t transcribe (转换) thse wrds in the mind int written symbls n paper r keybard and screen,” the study said. “Seeing the wrds in the “mind’s eye” helps children nt nly t turn their ideas int wrds,” says Berninger, “but als t find ut spelling mistakes when they write the wrds dwn and t crrect them ver time.”
“In ur cmputer age, sme peple believe that we dn’t have t teach spelling because we have spell checks,” she said. “But until a child has a functinal spelling ability f abut a fifth grade level, they wn’t have the knwledge t chse the crrect spelling amng the ptins given by the cmputer.”
12. What makes writing by hand a thing f the past?
A. The imprtance f writing by hand.
B. The lack f practice in handwriting.
C. The use f new technlgies like cmputers and smartphnes.
D. The belief that handwriting skills are unnecessary fr success.
13. Which f the fllwing best shws the rle f spelling?
A. Spelling imprves ne’s lng-run memry f wrds.
B. Spelling ability is clsely cnnected t writing ability.
C. Spelling benefits the translatin frm wrds int ideas.
D. Spelling slws dwn finding right wrds t express ideas.
14. What des the underlined expressin “mind’s eye” in Paragraph 5 mean?
A. Wind.B. Spirit.C. Imaginatin.D. Picture.
15. What cnclusin culd be drawn frm the passage?
A. Handwriting still has a place in tday’s classrms.
B. Spell checks can take the place f spelling teaching.
C. Cmputers can help peple with their chice f wrds.
D. Functinal spelling ability develps fast in the fifth grade.
【答案】12. C 13. B 14. C 15. A
【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了手写技能在现代教育中的地位，以及拼写能力对于写作技能的重要性。
【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“The practice f students endlessly cpying letters and sentences frm a blackbard is a thing f the past. With the cming f new technlgies like cmputers and smartphnes, writing by hand has becme smething f a nstalgic skill.”（学生无休止地从黑板上抄写字母和句子的做法已经成为过去。随着计算机和智能手机等新技术的出现，手写已经成为一种怀旧的技能。）可知，新技术如计算机和智能手机的出现使得手写成为过去。故选C项。
【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中“In a mre recent study, Berninger lked at what rle spelling plays in a student’s writing skills and fund that hw well children spell is tied t hw well they can write.”（在最近的一项研究中，Berninger研究了拼写在学生写作技能中的作用，并发现孩子们的拼写能力与他们的写作水平密切相关。）可知，拼写能力与写作能力密切相关，这最好地体现了拼写的作用。故选B项。
【14题详解】词句猜测题。根据第五段中“Spelling helps students translate ideas int wrds in their mind first and then t transcribe (转换) thse wrds in the mind int written symbls n paper r keybard and screen.”（拼写有助于学生首先将想法转化为脑海中的单词，然后将脑海中的单词转录为纸上、键盘上或屏幕上的书面符号。）以及“‘Seeing the wrds in the “mind’s eye” helps children nt nly t turn their ideas int wrds, but als t find ut spelling mistakes when they write the wrds dwn and t crrect them ver time.’”（“在‘心灵之眼’中看到单词不仅有助于孩子们将想法转化为单词，还有助于他们在写下单词时发现拼写错误，并随着时间的推移进行更正。”）可知，mind’s eye指的是孩子们在脑海中想象单词的过程，即想象力（Imaginatin）。故选C项。
【15题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“Hwever, while tday’s educatrs are using mre and mre technlgy in their teaching, many believe basic handwriting skills are still necessary fr students t be successful — bth in schl and in life.”（然而，尽管今天的教育者在教学中使用了越来越多的技术，但许多人认为基本的手写技能对于学生在学校和生活中的成功仍然是必要的。）以及后文对手写技能和拼写能力的讨论，可知文章主要讨论了手写技能在现代教育中的地位，由此推知，手写技能在今天的课堂上仍然有一席之地。故选A项。
第二节 (共5小题; 每小题2.5分, 满分12.5分)
根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
With the rise f language apps, learning a new language is perhaps mre ppular than ever. There is n dubt that language learning apps have benefits as a supplement (补充) t frmal educatin. ___16___ Here are sme underrated ways t learn a new language.
One f the mst cmmn advice fr language learners is t cnsume films and shws in the language they are learning. In fact, they dn’t help a new learner t fllw. ___17___ The cartns are ften made up f basic phrases and wrds that ne wuld learn at a primary level. Plus, cartns usually cme with clearer and slwer prnunciatin, which will help learners adapt t understanding withut subtitles.
___18___ There is anther chice: listening t pdcasts and sngs in the language yu are trying t master. Nt nly can yu pick up idims, but yu can als explre varius tpics t enlarge yur vcabulary and understand differences within varius cntexts. Being expsed t the rhythm f native speakers will als help yur learning, and yu can achieve all f this while develping a fndness fr the culture.
When practising speaking, ne runs the risk f making mistakes r embarrassing neself when attempting t practise in public r with a native speaker. S, instead, start small. Speak t yur pet r an inanimate bject arund the huse. ___19___ The gal is t get used t sunding the letters. prducing the accent and getting the wrds ut.
Anther creative methd t put yur writing skills t test is t keep a pen pal. Ideally, find smene wh is nt nly fluent in the language yu are learning, but wh is als learning a language yu are fluent in. Thrugh the exchange f letters, yu nt nly get t practise yur writing skills but can als prvide feedback t each ther. ___20___
A. Tell them abut yur day r describe hw yu feel.
B. If watching cartns is nt yur cup f tea, fear nt.
C. Plus, everyne gets a friend thrugh a freign stamp.
D. S can freign speakers gain fluency within weeks r mnths?
E. Understanding f the films and shws depends heavily n subtitles.
F. Instead, a step dwn the ladder wuld be t watch children’s cartns.
G. But it is unrealistic t expect master y f a new tngue simply thrugh their use.
【答案】16. G 17. F 18. B 19. A 20. C
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了学习一门新语言的方法。
【16题详解】根据上文“There is n dubt that language learning apps have benefits as a supplement (补充) t frmal educatin.”（毫无疑问，语言学习应用程序作为正规教育的补充是有好处的）以及下文“Here are sme underrated ways t learn a new language.”（这里有一些被低估的学习一门新语言的方法。）可知，选项与上文为转折关系，且承接下文说明仅仅靠语言应用程序是不足够的。故G选项“但是，仅仅通过使用它们来掌握一门新语言是不现实的”切题。故选G项。
【17题详解】根据上文“One f the mst cmmn advice fr language learners is t cnsume films and shws in the language they are learning. In fact, they dn’t help a new learner t fllw.”（对于语言学习者来说，最常见的建议之一是观看他们正在学习的语言的电影和节目。事实上，它们并不能帮助初学习者跟上所学内容）以及下文“The cartns are ften made up f basic phrases and wrds that ne wuld learn at a primary level. Plus, cartns usually cme with clearer and slwer prnunciatin, which will help learners adapt t understanding withut subtitles.”（这些卡通片通常是由初级水平的基本短语和单词组成的。此外，动画片通常有更清晰、更慢的发音，这将有助于学习者适应没有字幕的理解。）可知，选项承接上文，在电影和电视节目帮助不了初学者的情况下，推荐一种更简单的看的方式——看卡通片；故F选项“相反，可以退一步看看儿童卡通片。”符合语境。故选F项。
【18题详解】上一段中“The cartns are ften made up f basic phrases and wrds that ne wuld learn at a primary level. Plus, cartns usually cme with clearer and slwer prnunciatin, which will help learners adapt t understanding withut subtitles.”（这些漫画通常是由初级水平的基本短语和单词组成的。此外，动画片通常有更清晰、更慢的发音，这将有助于学习者适应没有字幕的理解。）推荐通过看动画片来学习语言；由下文“There is anther chice: listening t pdcasts and sngs in the language yu are trying t master.”（还有另一种选择:听你想要掌握的语言的播客和歌曲。）可知，本段介绍了除了另外一种选择：听也是一种提高语言的方法。故B选项“如果你不喜欢看动画片，不要害怕”承上承上启下，符合语境，选项中“watching cartns”与上一段中“cartns”相呼应。故选B项。
【19题详解】上文“Speak t yur pet r an inanimate bject arund the huse.”（和你的宠物或房子周围的无生命的物体说话。）建议跟宠物或房子周围的无生命的物体说话；A选项“告诉他们你的一天或描述你的感受”承接上文，阐述可以说的内容，符合语境，选项中“them”指代上文中“pet r an inanimate bject arund the huse”。故选A项。
【20题详解】根据上文“Thrugh the exchange f letters, yu nt nly get t practise yur writing skills but can als prvide feedback t each ther.”（通过交换信件，你不仅可以练习你的写作技巧，还可以相互提供反馈）可知，选项承接上文继续说明交换邮件的益处。故C选项“另外，每个人都可以通过外国邮票交到朋友”切题。故选C项。
第三部分 语言运用 (共二节, 满分30分)
第一节 (共15小题; 每小题1分, 满分15分)
阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
During a recent lng internatinal trip, my yungest daughter gt airsick (晕机) again. We were ___21___ ur chices after landing in San Francisc fr an vernight layver (中途停留) .
When we std in the middle f the terminal (航站楼) , nt nly ___22___ hw t get t ur htel, but als debating whether r nt we shuld just turn arund and g hme, a pilt ___23___ us. He quietly asked me if my 4-year-ld daughter was the passenger wh had gtten ___24___ n the flight. I ndded, half afraid smene was ging t tell us we weren’t ___25___ t fly with her. ___26___, he bent dwn t her level, pened up his bag and tk ut a pair f wings.
While he was ___27___ the wings t her, the pilt kindly asked my yung daughter hw she was feeling. Like mst kids, smetimes she is ___28___ abut talking t strangers, but nt this time. They spke fr 60 secnds, but in thse 60 secnds, she went frm feeling bad and ___29___ t walk arund the airprt t smiling ___30___ and jgging t the airprt htel.
As he walked away, she smiled and said, “He ___31___ abut me.” My daughter is still yung, but she is ld enugh t feel special when a pilt wants t check in n her. In that mment, the pilt was exactly the right ne t make her feel better abut flying. He ___32___ ur day by taking tw minutes ut f his time.
It’s ften the hrrr stries that make the headlines, but small, ___33___ mments are still happening all arund us. I’m ___34___ t all in the travel industry —and beynd — that take thse few minutes t make a ___35___ in the wrld.
21. A. dubtingB. presentingC. makingD. exercising
22. A. bringing utB. ging thrughC. figuring utD. lking thrugh
23. A. remindedB. balancedC. apprachedD. imprved
24. A. angryB. sickC. hungryD. thirsty
25. A. encuragedB. recmmendedC. challengedD. allwed
26. A. InsteadB. TherefreC. OtherwiseD. Besides
27. A. mentiningB. tryingC. describingD. passing
28. A. curiusB. cnfidentC. cnfusedD. nervus
29. A. refusingB. prmisingC. prpsingD. deciding
30. A. weaklyB. unwillinglyC. cheerfullyD. regretfully
31. A. thughtB. caredC. exchangedD. cmplained
32. A. influencedB. ruledC. savedD. wasted
33. A. hair-raisingB. jaw-drppingC. eye-peningD. heart-warming
34. A. anxiusB. attractedC. thankfulD. amazed
35. A. frtuneB. differenceC. wnderD. cntributin
【答案】21. A 22. C 23. C 24. B 25. D 26. A 27. D 28. D 29. A 30. C 31. B 32. C 33. D 34. C 35. B
【语篇解读】本文体裁为记叙文。文章通过叙述作者一家人在旧金山中途停留时，小女儿晕机后遇到一位飞行员给予关怀和鼓励的故事，展现了人性中的温暖和善意。
【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们在旧金山中途停留过夜后，正在怀疑我们的选择。A. dubting怀疑；B. presenting提出；C. making做出；D. exercising练习。根据上文“During a recent lng internatinal trip, my yungest daughter gt airsick (晕机) again.”可知，在最近的一次长途国际旅行中，小女儿又晕机了，因此在旧金山过夜后，“我们”开始怀疑自己的选择。故选A。
【22题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：当我们站在航站楼中央，不仅想弄清楚怎么去酒店，而且还在争论我们是否应该掉头回家时，一名飞行员向我们走来。A. bringing ut拿出；B. ging thrugh经历；C. figuring ut弄清楚；D. lking thrugh浏览。根据空后“hw t get t ur htel”可知，“我们”想要弄清楚如何去酒店。故选C。
【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我们站在航站楼中央，不仅想弄清楚怎么去酒店，而且还在争论我们是否应该掉头回家时，一名飞行员向我们走来。A. reminded提醒；B. balanced平衡；C. apprached走近；D. imprved提高。根据下文“He quietly asked me if my 4-year-ld daughter was the passenger wh had gtten n the flight.”可知，他平静地问“我”问题，故此处指一名飞行员走近了。故选C。
【24题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他悄悄地问我，我的4岁女儿是不是那位在飞机上晕机的乘客。A. angry生气的；B. sick恶心的，晕机的；C. hungry饥饿的；D. thirsty口渴的。根据上文“During a recent lng internatinal trip, my yungest daughter gt airsick (晕机) again.”可知，前文提到了“我”的女儿晕机，故此处他悄悄地问“我”，是不是“我”的女儿在飞机上感觉不舒服。此处sick与上文中的airsickness相呼应。故选B。
【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我点了点头，有点担心有人会告诉我们，我们不能和她一起坐飞机。A. encuraged鼓励；B. recmmended推荐；C. challenged挑战；D. allwed允许。根据空前“I ndded, half afraid smene was ging t tell us we weren’t”可知，“我”有点担心，故此处担心的应该是有人不允许“我们”不能和女儿一起坐飞机。故选D。
【26题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：相反，他弯下腰和她齐平，打开包，拿出一对翅膀。A. Instead相反；B. Therefre因此；C. Otherwise否则；D. Besides此外。根据前文“I ndded, half afraid smene was ging t tell us we weren’t 5 t fly with her.”和后文“he bent dwn t her level, pened up his bag and tk ut a pair f wings.”可知，前文“‘我’担心“我们”不能和女儿一起坐飞机”与后文“机长没有不允许“我们”一起坐飞机，而是拿出了一对翅膀”为转折关系，飞行员采取了友善的行动，用Instead。故选A。
【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当他把翅膀递给她时，飞行员亲切地问我年幼的女儿感觉如何。A. mentining提到；B. trying尝试；C. describing描述；D. passing传递，递给。根据前文“tk ut a pair f wings”可知，他拿出一对翅膀，故此处应该是把翅膀递给“我”的女儿。故选D。
【28题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：像大多数孩子一样，有时她对和陌生人说话感到紧张，但这次没有。A. curius好奇的；B. cnfident自信的；C. cnfused困惑的；D. nervus紧张的。根据上文“Like mst kids”和下文“abut talking t strangers”可知，像大多数孩子一样，跟陌生人说话是感到紧张的。故选D。
【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们交谈了60秒，但在那60秒里，她从感觉不舒服和拒绝在机场走动变成了微笑着高兴地慢跑向机场酒店。A. refusing拒绝；B. prmising承诺；C. prpsing提出；D. deciding决定。根据空格前“feeling bad and”可知，她一开始心情不好，此处与feeling bad为并列关系，故此处指因为感觉不舒服而拒绝在机场周围走动。故选A。
【30题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意同上。A. weakly虚弱地；B. unwillingly不情愿地；C. cheerfully高兴地；D. regretfully遗憾地。根据空前“smiling”和空后“and jgging t the airprt htel”可知，女儿是慢跑到机场酒店，故是高兴地笑着。故选C。
【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当他走开时，她笑着说：“他关心我。”A. thught认为；B. cared关心；C. exchanged交换；D. cmplained抱怨。根据上文“he bent dwn t her level, pened up his bag and tk ut a pair f wings.”和“While he was the wings t her”可知，机长给了女儿一双翅膀，故女儿知道机长在关心她。故选B。
【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他用两分钟的时间，挽救了我们的一天。A. influenced影响；B. ruled统治；C. saved拯救，挽救；D. wasted浪费。根据上文“In that mment, the pilt was exactly the right ne t make her feel better abut flying.”可知，正是那个让她对飞行感觉更好的这名机长只抽出两分钟时间，但是却化解了“我们”的困境，拯救了“我们”的一天。故选C。
【33题详解】考查形容词短语辨析。句意：登上头条的往往是恐怖的故事，但我们身边仍然发生着感人的小时刻。A. hair-raising令人毛骨悚然的；B. jaw-drpping令人吃惊的；C. eye-pening令人大开眼界的；D. heart-warming感人的。根据前文“He ur day by taking tw minutes ut f his time.”可知，这名机长只抽出两分钟时间，但是却化解了“我们”的困境，这是一件温暖人心的事情，是小而感人的时刻。故选D。
【34题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我感谢所有在旅游行业和其他行业工作的人，他们花了几分钟的时间来改变世界。A. anxius焦虑的；B. attracted被吸引的；C. thankful感激的；D. amazed感到惊奇的。根据前文 “He 12 ur day by taking tw minutes ut f his time.”可知，飞行员化解了“我们”的困境，因此对他充满感激，感谢他以及所有在旅游行业和其他行业工作的人。故选C。
【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. frtune财富；B. difference差异；C. wnder奇迹；D. cntributin贡献。根据前文“He 12 ur day by taking tw minutes ut f his time.”和“I’m t all in the travel industry —and beynd — that take thse few minutes t make a”可知，“我”感谢旅游业工作人员，是因为他们将世界变得不同。make a difference“起（重要）作用，有影响，扭转乾坤”。故选B。
第二节 (共10小题; 每小题1.5分, 满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Museums have an imprtant rle t play as secnd classrms. Accrding t the Natinal Cultural Heritage Administratin, mre than 40,000 exhibitins ___36___ (hld) in museums acrss the cuntry in 2023, attracting 1.29 billin visitrs, a recrd high.
“Museums fr Educatin and Research” was the theme f this year’s Internatinal Museum Day, which served as ___37___ reminder abut the rle museums shuld play. In 1905, when Zhang Jian, a lcal entrepreneur (企业家) , funded China’s first public museum in Nantng, Jiangsu prvince, his aim was ___38___ it be educatinal. A museum is like a schl, and t ___39___ (true) run this schl well, it is imprtant t fully play its key rle ___40___ educating peple thrugh public educatin related t culture and histry.
Museums are the places where we can gain a deeper knwledge f the past, a ___41___ (clear) understanding f the present, and mre strength ___42___ (create) the future. S far, museums natinwide ___43___ (rganize) many activities, such as hlding exhibitins in schls and cmmunities, hlding clud exhibitins and strengthening clud educatin, and extended their pening hurs, even t 24 hurs a day in sme places. By further enriching educatinal ___44___ (methd) and bradening their services, the “museum fever” will nt nly cntinue ____45____ als prmte histrical self-awareness and cultural cnfidence.
【答案】36. were held 37. a 38. that 39. truly 40. in 41. clearer
42. t create 43. have rganized 44. methds 45. but
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了博物馆作为第二课堂起着重要作用，目前全国掀起了“博物馆热”。
【36题详解】考查时态和语态。句意：根据国家文物局的数据，2023年全国博物馆举办了4万多场展览，吸引了12.9亿游客，创历史新高。根据“in 2023”可知，这里表示过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。主语mre than 40,000 exhibitins为复数，谓语应用复数形式，且和hld之间是动宾关系，应用被动语态。故填were held。
【37题详解】考查冠词。句意：“博物馆致力于教育和研究”是今年国际博物馆日的主题，提醒人们博物馆应该发挥的作用。reminder(起提醒作用的事物)是可数名词，且在此处表示泛指，reminder发音以辅音音素开头，所以前面需要加不定冠词a。故填a。
【38题详解】考查表语从句。句意：1905年，当地企业家张謇在江苏省南通市创办了中国第一家公共博物馆，他的目的是让它具有教育性。空处引导表语从句，且从句成分和意义完整，所以应用that引导。故填that。
【39题详解】考查副词。句意：博物馆就像一所学校，要真正办好这所学校，重要的是通过与文化和历史相关的公共教育，充分发挥其在教育人民方面的关键作用。空处应用副词修饰动词run。truly意为“真正地”。故填truly。
【40题详解】考查介词。句意参考上题。play a rle in...意为“在……发挥作用”，为固定搭配。故填in。
【41题详解】考查比较级。句意：博物馆是我们可以更深入地了解过去、更清晰地了解现在、更有力量创造未来的地方。根据句中的deeper和mre strength可知，这里为并列的比较结构，应用clear的比较级clearer。故填clearer。
【42题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意参考上题。空处作定语修饰抽象名词strength，所以应用不定式作后置定语。故填t create。
【43题详解】考查时态。句意：到目前为止，全国各地的博物馆组织了许多活动，如在学校和社区举办展览、举办云展览和加强云教育，并延长了开放时间，在一些地方甚至延长到每天24小时。根据“S far”可知，这里应用现在完成时。故填have rganized。
【44题详解】考查名词的数。句意：通过进一步丰富教育方法和扩大服务范围，“博物馆热”不仅会持续下去，还会促进历史自我认识和文化自信。methd(方法)为可数名词，其前没有表示数量的限定词，且这里表示泛指，所以应用名词复数。故填methds。
【45题详解】考查连词。句意参考上题。nt als...意为“不仅……而且……”，为固定搭配。故填but。
第四部分 基础语言运用 (共三节, 满分25分)
第一节 (每小题1分, 满分5分)
选择并使用所给英语单词的正确形式完成句子。有两个单词为多余词。
46. Reading is an imprtant way t __________ knwledge and understand the wrld.
47. __________ is yur natural ability that can be develped when yu try hard enugh.
48. Having spent the past year as an exchange student in China, Linda is mre __________ nw.
49. The htel has 100 __________ designed bedrms, which attracts a lt f turists every year.
50. Cmpared with the yung, many __________ have a strng wish fr peace because they have been thrugh tw wrld wars.
【答案】46. acquire 47. Ptential 48. independent 49. individual 50. senirs
【46题详解】考查不定式。句意：阅读是获取知识、认识世界的重要途径。由Reading和knwledge可知，句子表示“阅读是获取知识、认识世界的重要途径”，空格处意为“获取”，是acquire，空格处用不定式作way的后置定语，因此空格处用原形。故填acquire。
【47题详解】考查名词。句意：潜力是你天生的能力，只要你足够努力就能开发出来。由“yur natural ability that can be develped when yu try hard enugh”可知，句子表示“潜力是你天生的能力，只要你足够努力就能开发出来”，空格处意为“潜力”，是ptential，是不可数名词，位于句首的单词首字母大写。故填Ptential。
【48题详解】考查形容词。句意：在中国做了一年的交换生之后，琳达现在更加独立了。由“Having spent the past year as an exchange student in China”可知，句子表示“在中国做了一年的交换生之后，琳达现在更加独立了”，空格处意为“独立的”，用形容词作表语，是independent，和前面的mre构成比较级。故填independent。
【49题详解】考查形容词。句意：酒店有100间独立设计的卧室，每年都吸引了很多游客。由“designed bedrms”可知，句子表示“酒店有100间独立设计的卧室，每年都吸引了很多游客”，空格处意为“独立的”，用形容词作定语，修饰名词designed bedrms，“独立的”的形容词是individual。故填individual。
【50题详解】考查名词的复数。句意：与年轻人相比，许多老年人有强烈的和平愿望，因为他们经历了两次世界大战。由“Cmpared with the yung”和“because they have been thrugh tw wrld wars”可知，句子表示“与年轻人相比，许多老年人有强烈的和平愿望，因为他们经历了两次世界大战”，空格处意为“老年人”，是senir，空前有many，空格处用复数。故填senirs。
第二节 (每小题1分, 满分10分)
根据句意和所给汉语提示, 用适当的英文短语完成句子。
51. The key t success ften __________ (在于) cntinuus hard wrk. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】lies in
【详解】考查固定搭配和时态。句意：成功的关键往往在于持续的努力。根据中文提示，这里应用固定搭配lie in sth.，意为“在于某事”。根据句意和ften可知，这里表示习惯性、一般性的情况，应用一般现在时。主语为key，谓语用单数。故填lies in。
52. It is n surprising that the price f il __________ (快速增长) in recent weeks. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】has sht up
【详解】考查动词短语和时态。句意：最近几周石油价格飙升并不奇怪。根据提示的汉语，表示“快速增长”应为sht up，此处为主语从句的谓语，根据时间状语in recent weeks可知，此处应为现在完成时，且主语为第三人称单数。故填has sht up。
53. Even the smallest acts f kindness can __________ (有影响，起作用) t the future f the sciety. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】make a difference
【详解】考查固定短语、情态动词。句意：即使是最小的善举也能对社会的未来产生影响。此处使用固定短语make a difference“起作用，有影响”。位于情态动词can后，动词用原形。故填make a difference。
54. __________ (由于) his effrts, his dream will cme true and hpefully we will live a happy life. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】Thanks t
【详解】考查介词短语。句意：由于他的努力，他的梦想将会实现，希望我们能过上幸福的生活。根据汉语提示和空后的his effrts可知，此处应用介词thanks t，位于句首时，首字母大写。故填Thanks t。
55. After the fire brke ut, the firefighters __________ (能够处理) the challenges and brught it under cntrl. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】rse t
【详解】考查固定搭配和时态。句意：火灾发生后，消防员们能够应对挑战，将其控制住。根据中文提示和空后的the challenges可知，这里应用固定搭配rise t sth.意为“能够处理某事”。根据brught可知，这里表示过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填rse t。
56. __________ (随着时间流逝，久而久之) , peple’s attitudes twards envirnmental prtectin have changed significantly. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】Over time
【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：随着时间的推移，人们对环境保护的态度发生了显著变化。根据汉语提示，这里应用ver time，意为“随着时间流逝，久而久之”，在句中作状语，位于句首时首字母大写。故填Over time。
57. In the face f a stressful situatin, take a minute t __________ (平静，镇静) and understand the situatin. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】calm dwn
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：面对压力时，花一分钟时间冷静下来，了解情况。根据提示的汉语，表示“平静，镇静”应为calm dwn，位于不定式符号t之后，所以此处动词使用原形。故填calm dwn。
58. Even in difficult times, she __________ (坚持) her study plan and eventually achieved excellent results in the exam. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】stuck t
【详解】考查动词短语。句意：即使在困难的时候，她也坚持自己的学习计划，最终在考试中取得了优异的成绩。根据提示的汉语，表示“坚持”应为stick t，结合并列句的谓语动词achieved可知，此处使用一般过去时，所以谓语动词为stuck。故填stuck t。
59. It’s imprtant t carefully __________ (充分考虑，想透) all the pssible cnsequences and cnsider varius alternatives. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】think thrugh
【详解】考查动词短语。句意：仔细考虑所有可能的后果并考虑各种替代方案是很重要的。根据提示的汉语，表示“充分考虑，想透”应为think thrugh，位于不定式符号t之后，所以此处动词使用原形。故填think thrugh。
60. He refuses t __________ (认输，承认错误) even in the face f pressure, knwing that staying true t himself is crucial fr persnal grwth. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】back dwn
【详解】考查动词短语。句意：即使面对压力，他也拒绝认输，因为他知道忠于自己对个人成长至关重要。根据汉语提示“认输，承认错误”可知，此处应用动词短语back dwn，back为不及物动词，dwn为副词。refuse t d sth.意为“拒绝做某事”。故填back dwn。
第三节 (每小题1分, 满分10分)
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
61. In the classrm __________ (be) frty Chinese students, twenty American students and tw teachers, at least at present. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】are
【详解】考查谓语动词。句意：教室里至少目前有40名中国学生，20名美国学生和两名老师。此处为句子的谓语动词，结合句意和时间状语at present，此处使用一般现在时；表示方位的介词短语in the classrm位于句首作表语，该句为全部倒装，所以主语应为“frty Chinese students, twenty American students and tw teachers”。故填are。
62. ______ (frtunate), my teachers and classmates were always helpful and gave me lts f encuragement. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】Frtunately
【详解】考查副词。句意：幸运的是，我的老师和同学总是帮助我，给了我很多鼓励。修饰后文整个句子，用副词作状语。又根据句意可知为肯定意义。故填Frtunately。
63. This café is always filled with its __________ (regular) wh enjy sipping cffee and chatting in the familiar place. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】regulars
【详解】考查名词复数。句意：这家咖啡馆总是挤满了喜欢在熟悉的地方喝咖啡聊天的常客。此处为名词作宾语，根据空后的wh引导的定语从句可知，此处应指的是人，从句中的谓语动词为动词原形，所以先行词应为名词复数。故填regulars。
64. Thrugh this kind f healthy discussin, yu will learn hw __________ (imprve) parent- child relatinship. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】t imprve
【详解】考查“疑问词+不定式”结构。句意：通过这种健康的讨论，你将学会如何改善亲子关系。此处为“疑问词+不定式”结构，所以此处使用动词不定式形式。故填t imprve。
65. When studying in the UK, I fund Bilgy __________ (challenge) because there were a lt f difficult English wrds. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】challenging
【详解】考查形容词。句意：在英国学习时，我发现生物学很有挑战性，因为有很多难学的英语单词。find sth.+adj.意为“发现某物……”，形容词作宾补。challenging意为“有挑战性的”，符合句意。故填challenging。
66. Dn’t set gals __________ g beynd ur abilities and skills. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】that/which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：不要设定超出我们能力和技能的目标。此处为关系词引导的限定性定语从句，修饰先行词gals，从句中缺少主语，所以此处使用关系代词，先行词指的是事物，所以使用关系代词that或者which。故填that或which。
67. Based __________ a true stry, the mvie is engaging and inspiring. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】n/upn
【详解】考查介词。句意：这部电影基于一个真实的故事，引人入胜，鼓舞人心。be based n/upn...意为“基于……，以……为根据”，为固定搭配，这里为过去分词短语作状语。故填n或upn。
68. The key __________ keeping the peace is direct and hnest cmmunicatin. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】t
【详解】考查介词。句意：保持和平的关键是直接和诚实的沟通。the key t ding sth.意为做某事的关键，为固定短语。故填t。
69. Peple dn’t respect r fllw anyne wh desn’t have cnfidence __________ themselves. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】in
【详解】考查介词。句意：人们不尊重或追随任何对自己没有信心的人。have cnfidence in意为：对……有信心，是一个固定搭配。故填in。
70. It can be difficult when yur parents treat yu like a child _________ expect yu t act like an adult. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】but
【详解】考查连词。句意：当你的父母把你当孩子看待，却又期望你表现得像个成人，这可能会很困难。分析可知，空处应填并列连词连接谓语动词treat和expect；结合句意，上下文是转折关系，应用but。故填but。
第五部分 写作 (满分15分)
71. 假定你是李华。你校交换生 Peter得知你加入了中国书法社团，他对书法很感兴趣，发邮件询问你社团的相关情况并希望加入。请你给他写一封回信，内容包括：
1. 社团活动安排；
2. 申请加入方式。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为 80 左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Peter,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Peter,
Delighted t learn that yu are keen n Chinese calligraphy, I am writing t share sme details with yu t help yu knw mre abut ur club.
As scheduled, in the Art Rm, we have tw lessns at 3:00 every Friday afternn, lasting fr 2 hurs. This curse can benefit members wh want t learn abut the basics f Chinese calligraphy. What’s mre, we put n a calligraphy shw every mnth, which has received high praise frm teachers and students.
Yu can present a written applicatin t ur club ffice r email us at calligraphyclub@163.cm.
Welcme and jin us nw!
Yurs,
Li Huapprtunity individual acquire ptential independent senir detail