考点15 高考高频考点定语从句（含答案)备战2025年高考英语一轮复习考点讲义（北京专用）

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北京近三年高考真题考点分布
附其它卷区考情分析
2. 命题规律及备考策略
【命题规律】
分析近年高考真题可知，
【备考策略】
1.系统复习并掌握关系代词的用法
2.系统分析并掌握关系副词的用法
3.系统复习并掌握介词+关系代词的用法
4.辨析限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
5.系统复习并掌握定语从句中的重难易错点
命题预测】
预测２０２５年高考语法填空对定语从句的考查仍为考查重点。

考点一 关系代词引导的定语从句
一、关系代词的基本用法
I read a reprt abut his new nvel that/which will sn be published.
我读了一篇关于他即将出版的新小说的报道。
D yu knw the prfessr that/wh will give us a speech next week?
你认识下周要给我们作演讲的教授吗？
Mr. Smith is the persn (whm/wh/that) I am wrking with.
史密斯先生是和我一起工作的人。
I like thse bks whse tpics are abut histry.
我喜欢那些以历史为主题的书。
二、关系代词的用法区别
1.that和which的区别
The TV twer is the highest building that has been built in this city.
电视塔是这个城市建的最高的建筑物。
Readers attracts s many audiences, which means that it becmes mre and mre ppular in China.
《读者》吸引了那么多的读者，这意味着它在中国变得越来越受欢迎。
2.which与as引导非限制性定语从句时的区别
Ftball，which is an interesting game, is played all ver the wrld.
全世界都踢足球，这是一项有趣的运动。
As is reprted in the newspapers, talks between the tw cuntries are making prgress.
正如报纸上报道的那样，两国之间的谈判正在取得进展。
3.其他关系代词的用法区别
They are the lazy students whse hmewrk wasn’t handed in.
他们是那些没有交作业的懒惰学生。
Actually, he is an hnest and reliable persn，whm/wh yu can rely n.
事实上，他是一个诚实可靠的人，你可以依靠他。
考点二 关系副词引导的定语从句
At the Chinese art festival, there are different stands where artists demnstrate their skills and teach the visitrs.
在中国艺术节上有不同的展台，在那里艺术家可以展示他们的技巧并教给参观者。
We will always remember the mment when my classmate Li Chng crssed the finish line.
我们将永远记得我的同学李冲越过终点线的那一刻。
[点拨]
(1)当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词，如pint, situatin, case, stage等时，如果引导词在从句中作状语，常用关系副词where引导定语从句。
(2)先行词ccasin意为“时机”时，用关系副词when；意为“场合”时，用关系副词where。
(3)当先行词way意为“方法、方式”，且在从句中作状语时，可用that, in which或省略关系词这三种形式。
考点三 “介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
1.分类
2.“介词＋关系代词”结构中介词的确定
(1)根据定语从句中动词、形容词所需要的某种习惯搭配来确定。
In the dark street, there wasn’t a single persn t whm she culd turn fr help.(turn t sb fr help)
在黑暗的街道上，没有一个她可以求助的人。
Physics is the subject in which every student in ur schl is interested.(be interested in)
物理是我们学校每个学生都很感兴趣的课程。
(2)根据与先行词搭配的具体含义而定。
I’ll never frget the time during which I spent my childhd in the cuntry.(during that time)
我永远不会忘记我在乡下度过童年的那段时光。
(3)根据所表达的意思来确定。
The clrless gas withut which we can’t live is called xygen.
这种无色的气体就是氧气，离了它我们无法生存。
【重难突破】
1.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别
He has tw sns，wh wrk in the same cmpany.(He has nly tw sns.)
他有两个儿子，他们在同一家公司上班。
He has tw sns wh wrk in the same cmpany.(Perhaps he has mre than tw sns.)
他有两个儿子在同一家公司上班。
He failed in the match，which was a great pity.(非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面的句子)
＝He failed in the match，and it was a great pity.
他在比赛中失败了，这真令人遗憾。
2.定语从句和其他句式的区别
(1)定语从句与并列句
并列句有and，but，s等并列连词或两个句子用分号连接。并列句中绝对不可再用引导定语从句的关系词。
①I have three cars，nne f is in gd cnditin.
②I have three cars，but nne f is in gd cnditin.
①句中cars后面是非限制性定语从句，空格中填关系代词which；②句中有并列连词but，题干是并列句，空格中填代词them。
(2)定语从句与状语从句
a.定语从句修饰、限制先行词，常放在先行词的后面，而状语从句说明动作发生的情况，可以放在主句的前面。
D yu knw the time when the meeting was ver？(when引导定语从句)
When the meeting was ver，it was already five ’clck.(when引导时间状语从句)
b.when，where和why在引导定语从句时可以用“介词＋which”的结构来替换，在引导状语从句时则不行。
This is the schl where(＝in which) I nce wrked.(where引导定语从句)
Put back the bk where it was.(where引导状语从句)
c.定语从句中的关系词在从句中充当某种句子成分，因此去掉之后从句成分不完整；而状语从句中的连接词在从句中不作任何成分，去掉后从句的成分仍然完整。
It is such an interesting bk as we all like.(as引导定语从句，作动词like的宾语)
It is such an interesting bk that we all like it.(that引导结果状语从句，不充当从句的成分)
(3)定语从句与同位语从句
a.定语从句在复合句中相当于形容词，对先行词起修饰或限制的作用，与先行词之间有从属关系。
b.同位语从句的作用相当于名词，对前面的名词给予补充说明或进一步解释，是前面名词的具体内容，与前面名词之间是同位关系。
The suggestin that he came up with is practical.(that引导的是定语从句，that代替先行词在从句中充当宾语，可省略)
He gave me a suggestin that we shuld read alud every mrning.(that引导的是同位语从句，that在从句中不作任何成分，但不可省略)
【解题指导】
典例一 非限制性定语从句
01关系代词which
When the Terractta Warrirs were riginally created, they were painted a bright array f reds, blues, and greens, are believed t have matched the clurs f the clthing wrn by the Qin sldiers.
02关系代词whse
She was much yunger than the ther members in the cnservatin and research team at the Mga Caves, leader was her father Chang Shuhng (1904-1994), a nted painter and directr f the Dunhuang Academy.
03关系代词wh
Judges will chse up t 50 hnrable mentin winners, will each receive a T-shirt in memry f Earhart's final flight.
04关系副词when
My life as a tax­paying emplyed persn began in middle schl, , fr three whle days, I wrked in a baking factry.
05关系代词whm
The ld man has three sns, nne f is a dctr.
06关系代词as
is annunced in tday’s paper, they have succeeded in slving many prblems in accrdance with the new thery.
07关系副词where
Nina recently finished her year-lng series f runs in Chicag, thusands were attending a water cnference.
08介词+关系代词
It will be guided by three “red lines”, ne f will include abut 103 millin hectares f permanent farmland with the aim f bsting safety, imprving quality and preventing nnagricultural use.
典例二 限制性定语从句
01关系代词which
Fr this reasn, there are many buildings frm the Qing and Ming eras remain unchanged in their architectural styles tday.
02关系代词whse
The lng-awaited TV series title is Blssms Shanghai was released in tw versins — Mandarin (普通话) and the Shanghai dialect—n Dec 27, quickly saring as ne f the mst ppular dramas during the New Year’s perid.
03关系代词whm/wh/that
This is the perfect pprtunity t step utside f yur cmfrt zne and intrduce yurself t peple frm anther divisin yu may nt have met.
04关系代词as
Such advice he was given prved almst wrthless.
05关系副词when
We have cme int a new era refrm and creatin happen cnstantly.
06关系副词where
wrte a letter he explained what had happened in the accident.
07关系副词why
Nne f the peple knew the reasn the car befre his huse was damaged.
1．Sales directr is a psitin interactin technique is just as vital as sales cmpetence.
2．Of curse, each persn’s cmfrt fd largely depends n the place they cme — fr a Chinese it might be a plate f dumplings with a saucer f vinegar, and fr a native f the UK it might be the classic fish and chips, served ht, salty and sur.
3．In this case, cl evening air is a slightly different temperature than the slar cell in the panel. That becmes energy, is transfrmed int electricity.
4．That includes cups, bttles, and bags, mst f are nly gd fr ne use.
5．We’re just trying t reach a pint bth sides will sit dwn tgether and talk.
6．The cuntry’s highest hnr is given t thse have made great cntributins t the develpment f the Peple’s Republic f China.
7．I must thank my frmer class teacher, withut help I wuldn’t have gne t university.
8．Jhn invited abut 40 peple t his wedding, mst f were family members.
9．They talked abut the schls and teachers they had visited.
10．Many lessns are nw available nline, frm students can chse fr free.
1．The flk treatment riginated in ancient China has enjyed huge ppularity amng the lder generatin.
2．He elabrates, “In recgnitin f individual preferences, we have curated the very lineup (阵容) represents diverse music genres such as pp and rck.
3．The early abacus used small rund beads instead f lng rds, were cmparatively clumsy.
4．Many westerners cme t China ck much less than in their wn cuntries nce they realize hw cheap it can be t eat ut.
5．This is Mr Green, with help I’ve made great prgress in English.
6．T engage myself in the lcal industrial atmsphere, I chse a htel in the “industrial park”, the cexistence f advanced manufacturing and natural beauty was mst evident, as it was situated n the edge f a scenic lake, embraced by a vibrant landscape.
7．“There was nce a twn in the heart f America all life seemed t enjy peaceful c­existence with its surrundings,” her fable begins, ...
8．Adlescence is an imprtant perid in a persn’s grwth guidance is badly needed in shaping the characters f the teenagers.
9．Wesler said that ne f the reasns mdern Chinese literature has attracted him is that many wrks have strng reginal characteristics.
10．Hua Mulan, the stry f has been tld by generatins in China, is a fighter frm the Nrthern Wei Dynasty (386-534).
（2024北京卷）Tinniswd, ___17___ desn’t smke and rarely drinks, credited mderatin fr helping him stay healthy during his lng life.
（2023北京卷）Nina recently finished her year-lng series f runs in Chicag, 41 thusands were attending a water cnference.
3. （2022北京卷）That includes cups, bttles, and bags, mst f 41 are nly gd fr ne use.
4.（2024新课标I卷）The Glasshuse stands as a great achievement in cntemprary design, t huse the plants f the suthwestern part f China at the end f a path retracing (追溯) the steps alng the Silk Rute brught the plants frm their native habitat in Asia t cme t define much f the richness f gardening in England.
5.（2024新课标II卷）Chinese cultural elements cmmemrating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, ______ is knwn as “the Shakespeare f Asia,” add an internatinal character t Stratfrd-upn-Avn, William Shakespeare’s hmetwn.
6.（2024全国甲卷）Yellwstne was the largest United States natinal park - 2.2 millin acres - until Wrangell-Saint Elias in suthern Alaska, became a natinal mnument in 1978, tk the hnrs as a natinal park in 1980 with 12.3 millin acres.
7.（2024浙江1月卷）Of curse, shps are nt charities — they price gds in the way _________ will make them the mst mney.
8.（2023全国甲卷）Yet, the frm f the fable still has values tday, _________Rachel Carsn says in “A Fable fr Tmrrw”.
9.（2023全国乙卷）The clr she chse came in a bx which had a picture f a wman ________hair clr lked just perfect.
10.（2023全国甲卷）“There was nce a twn in the heart f America, _________ all life seemed t enjy peaceful existence with is surrundings,” her fable begins, brrwing sme familiar wrds frm many age-ld fables.
11.（2023全国乙卷）But fr all its ancient buildings, Beijing is als a place welcmes the fast-paced develpment f mdern life, with 21st-century architectural wnders standing side by side with histrical buildings f the past.
12.（2022新课标I卷）The GPNP is intended t prvide strnger prtectin fr all the species ___________live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly imprve the health f the ecsystem in the area.
13.（2022浙江1月卷）Kim Cbb, a prfessr at the Gergia Institute f Technlgy in Atlanta, is ne f a small but grwing minrity f academics ___________ are cutting back n their air travel because f climate change.
14.（2022全国甲卷）On the 1,100. Kilmeter jurney, the man Ca Shengkang, ___________ lst his eyesight at the age f eight in a car accident, crssed 40 cities and cunties in three prvince.
。
15.（2021新课标II卷）I decided that if I learned f a cmpany ___________used a lt f plastic, I'd send it an email urging it t cut back.
16.（2021北京卷）When yu sleep, yur brain srts thrugh everything ___________ happened during the day, trying t link new experiences t ld memries.
17.（2021浙江1月卷）BMI is an internatinally recgnized measurement tl ___________ gives an indicatin f whether smene is a healthy weight.
18.（2021天津卷）At the Chinese art festival, there are different stands _________ artists demnstrate their skills and teach the visitrs.
19.（2021天津卷）William Hastie nce suggested that histry infrms us f past mistakes frm __________we can learn withut repeating them.
考点
题型
定语从句
语法填空
2024
考查方向
考查点
考例
非限制性定语从句
关系代词wh
Tinniswd, ___17___ desn’t smke
2023
非限制性定语从句
关系副词where
…in Chicag, 41 thusands were attending a water cnference.
2022
非限制性定语从句
关系代词which
…mst f 41 are nly gd fr ne use.
年份
卷别
语法填空
短文改错
2024
新高考II卷
that/which
全国甲卷
which
浙江卷1月
that/which
2023
全国甲卷
as; where
what-which
全国乙卷
that/which
that-whse
2022
新高考I卷
that
全国甲卷
wh
全国乙卷
what-which
浙江卷1月
that/wh
2021
新高考II卷
that/which
2020
全国I卷
where
全国II卷
what-which
全国III卷
whse
what-that
考点一
考查定语从句关系代词that, which的用法区别，这是高频考点也是难点。
考点二
考查定语从句关系代词wh, whm, whse, as的用法及区别。
考点三
考查定语从句关系副词when, where, why的用法区别。
考点四
考查定语从句主谓一致的用法。
考点五
考查定语从句“介词+关系代词”的用法，尤其是关系代词which和whm的选择。
关系代词
先行词
在从句中所充当的成分
that
人/物
主语、宾语、表语
which
物
主语、宾语、表语
wh
人
主语、宾语
whm
人
宾语
whse
人/物
定语
as
物
主语、宾语、表语
只用that
的情况
先行词是all，everything，anything，nthing，smething，little，much，nne，few，the ne等不定代词时。(如先行词指人，可用wh代替that)
先行词被the nly, the very (正是、恰是), the last等修饰时。(如先行词指人，可用wh代替that)
先行词被all, any, few, every, n, little, much, sme等词修饰时。(如先行词指人，可用wh代替that)
先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词时
先行词中既有人也有物时
只用which
的情况
引导非限制性定语从句时
关系代词前有介词时
which
as
位置上
只能放在先行词的后面
位置灵活，可位于句首、句中，也可置于句末
搭配上
无动词的限制
谓语动词通常是表示感觉或心理活动的动词，如see, hear, knw, expect, remember等
意思上
这一点，这件事
正如……，正像……的那样
关系代词
先行词
在从句中所充当的成分
wh
人
主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)
whm
人
宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)
whse(＝f whm/f which)
人或物
定语
先行词
关系副词
在从句中所充当的成分
与“介词＋关系代词”的关系
表示时间的名词：time, day, year等。
when
时间状语
＝at/in/n/during which
表示场所的名词：park, place, cuntry, huse等。
where
地点状语
＝in/at/t/n which
表示理由的名词：the reasn
why
原因状语
＝fr which
类别
句法功能
示例
介词＋关系代词(which/whm)
状语
He is the persn n whm yu can depend.
他是你可以信赖的人。
介词＋whse＋名词
状语
He was the man frm whse rm the thief had stlen his bag.
他就是被小偷从房间里偷走包的那个人。
名词/代词/数词＋介词＋关系代词(which/whm)
主语
Last Sunday I bught sme bks frm the bkstre，three f which were English nvels.
上星期日我从书店买了一些书，其中三本是英文小说。
分类
用法
定语
从句
限制性定语从句
对先行词起修饰限制作用
非限制性定语从句
对先行词起补充说明作用。在非限制性定语从句中，先行词与定语从句往往用逗号隔开。非限制性定语从句相当于并列句、状语从句等