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2024届四川省成都市教育科学研究院附属中学高三下期二诊热身考试英语试题
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这是一份2024届四川省成都市教育科学研究院附属中学高三下期二诊热身考试英语试题，共22页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，完形填空，语法填空，改错，书信写作等内容，欢迎下载使用。
一、阅读理解
Grwing Green Thumbs
Children's Cmmunity Garden
2200 Bwling Green Ave.,940/349-2883
LEARN:Jin the weekend wrk at the cmmunity garden,where caregivers and master gardeners help kids aged 5 r lder plant and water new vegetables,and harvest frm the gardens. All harvested fds are either sld at the cmmunity's farmers' market r dnated t the area fd bank. The instructrs als lead games abut nutritin,beetles and butterflies and mre. Wrk begins in May, 10 a. m. - 5 p.m. n Saturdays.
COST:Free
Cppell Cmmunity Garden
255 Parkway Blvd,Cppell
LEARN: Kids(aged 6 but nt turning 12 befre Dec. 31 this year) with a parent can vlunteer at either the Helping Hands Garden, 25 Parkway Blvd. r Grund Delivery Garden, 45 S. Dentn Tap Rad. Children will have the pprtunity t till(耕）the grund, plant vegetables, ·harvest frm the garden and mre. Wrk begins every Saturday at abut 9 a. m.
COST:Free
Callie's Kids by Callway Nursery
Dentn,940/591-8865; Flwer Mund,972/691-2650
LEARN: Kids aged 5 t 10 years ld can explre and plant in the Callway gardens with a caregiver's supervisin at 9:30 a. m. n the first r third Wednesdays frm June t August. A garden expert will share tips and advice fr the best gardening practices during the 45-minute sessin beginning n June 2. Preregistratin nline is required.
COST:Free
1．Hw is Children's Cmmunity Garden different frm thers?
A．It is based in Dentn.
B．Kids may take harvests hme.
C．It is under supervisin thrughut the year.
D．It will cater t thse wh are fnd f insects.
2．What is the age range required by Cppell Cmmunity Garden?
A．5-8.B．5-10.C．6-11.D．6-12.
3．Where is this text mst likely frm?
A．A fd industry cmmitted t charity.'
B．An institutin ffering learning prgrams.
C．A supermarket ffering vluntary prgrams.
D．A website prmting kids' gardening facilities.
The persn wh set the curse f my life was a schl teacher named Marjrie Hurd. When I stepped ff a ship in New Yrk Harbr in 1949, I was a nine-year-ld war refugee, wh had lst my mther and was cming t live with the father I did nt knw. My mther, Eleni Gatzyiannis, had been imprisned and sht fr sending my sisters and me t freedm.
I was thirteen years ld when I entered Chandler Junir High. Shrtly after I arrived, I was tld t select a hbby t pursue during “club hurs”. The idea f hbbies and clubs was perplexing t my immigrant ears, but I decided t fllw the prettiest girl in my class. She led me int the presence f Miss Hurd, the schl newspaper adviser and English teacher.
A tugh wman with salt-and-pepper hair and determined eyes, Miss Hurd had n patience with lazy bnes. She drilled us in grammar, assigned stries fr us t read and discuss, and eventually taught us hw t put ut a newspaper. Her intrductin t the literary wealth f Greece gave me a new perspective n my war-trn hmeland, making me prud f my rigins. Her effrts inspired me t understand the lgic and structure f the English language. Owing t her inspiratin, during my next twenty-five years, I became a jurnalist by prfessin.
Miss Hurd retired at the age f 62. By then, she had taught fr a ttal f 41 years. Even after her retirement, she cntinually made a prject f unwilling students in whm she spied (发现) a spark f ptential. The students were mainly frm the mst trubled hmes, yet she alternately bullied and charmed them with her wn special brand f tugh lve, until the spark caught fire.
Miss Hurd was the ne wh directed my grief and pain int writing. But fr Miss Hurd, I wuldn’t have becme a reprter. She was the ne wh sent me int jurnalism and indirectly caused all the gd things that came after.
4．What des the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 mst prbably mean?
A．Hbbies and clubs inspired the authr a lt.
B．The authr turned a deaf ear t jining clubs.
C．Hbbies and clubs were ppular t immigrants like the authr.
D．The authr had n idea what hbbies and clubs were all abut.
5．Which f the fllwing caused the authr t think f his hmeland differently?
A．Stepping n the American sil fr the first time.
B．Being expsed t Greek literary wrks.
C．Her mther’s unfrtunate death.
D．Fllwing the prettiest girl in his class.
6．It can be inferred frm Paragraph 4 that ________.
A．Miss Hurd emplyed a unique way t handle these students.
B．Miss Hurd’s cntributin was recgnized acrss the natin.
C．Students frm trubled hmes preferred Miss Hurd’s teaching style.
D．The students Miss Hurd taught were all finally fired.
7．What is the text mainly abut?
A．Hw the authr became a jurnalist.
B．The imprtance f inspiratin in ne’s life.
C．The teacher wh shaped the authr’s life.
D．Factrs cntributing t a successful career.
I jined the cast guard because I wanted t help peple. Hvercraft (气垫船) are rare and special. They’ve been discntinued in mst cmmercial peratin, because they are s expensive t make, but when it cmes t search and rescue, they’re priceless.
Frm far away, a hvercraft lks like a nrmal bat. But if yu lk under its skirt, the craft is nt tuching the water — it flats n a cushin f air. That cushin allws us t travel ver everything frm water t muddy land — and even break thrugh ice. We d all f that as a 70-tnne machine, ging a maximum f nearly 120 kilmeters per hur. These features allw us t rescue a large number f peple quickly get nt land, and get smene int an ambulance far easier than with any ther device I can think f.
The advantages f hvercraft can als make them difficult t handle. We’ve gt a massive vehicle mving fast, smetimes in a thick fg bank up a narrw river. During assignments n ther cast guard ships, I had 20 minutes t make alteratins t avid a crash. In a hvercraft, I have 10 secnds. Yu have t have enugh situatinal awareness t make the right decisin every time.
Peple call us fr all srts f prblems: missing divers, n-bard fires, r even when they’ve run ut f fuel r had a mechanical breakdwn. A cntainer ship culd burst int flames. We have a strng netwrk here at the base t help everyne thrugh difficult situatins like that. Thankfully, we have captains wh train us in a safe envirnment, but yu dn’t ever get fully cmfrtable. Anything can thrw the hvercraft ff — maybe yur lift settings are ff a little, r the wind blws with a bit f extra weight. After several years perating a hvercraft, I’m still learning. Every ne f the captains here agrees: yu can drive this thing fr 20 years and still be surprised.
8．What makes hvercraft unsuitable fr cmmercial use?
A．Their safety risks.B．Their pr durability.C．Their lw efficiency.D．Their prductin csts.
9．What is paragraph 2 mainly abut?
A．Hw a hvercraft wrks.B．What cmprises a hvercraft.
C．What distinguishes a hvercraft.D．Hw a hvercraft helps victims.
10．What challenge d hvercraft pse t the pilt?
A．They have t make faster respnses.
B．They ften face mechanical breakdwns.
C．They need mre peple fr decisin making.
D．They must cnsider the envirnmental cncerns.
11．What des the authr think f perating a hvercraft?
A．Dull.B．Demanding.C．Enjyable.D．Effrtless.
When caught in the rain, we have all run fr cver — ften t a nearby tree. On the way, we step ver shrt-lived puddles and hastily-frmed streams, surprised at hw quickly the sil changes frm supprtive and predictable t untrustwrthy: slippery, sft, and spngy. At first chance we tend t flee, skipping further bservatin.
Given that direct bservatins are ften impracticable, remte bservatin systems are crucial fr capturing phenmena that are frequent and unpredictable. Hwever, the Bimbache cmmunity f ElHierr bserved water running dwn tree bark during fg events and captured it fr drinking, washing and agriculture many years ag. If mre cntemprary hydrlgists (水文学家) had watched fg by trees, frest managers might nt have lgged (伐木) the Bull Run Watershed, which reduced lcal rainfall by 30% in 1982.
Water science faces criticism because f a “techn ptimism that tries t slve all prblems”. In fact, this issue extends beynd water science. An interdisciplinary research team led by Jhn T. VanStan frm Cleveland State University argues that scientists shuld g beynd the labratry t directly bserve weather phenmena. The researchers insist that hands-n bservatin f strm events is crucial fr cmprehending the cmplexities f wet weather.
“Natural scientists seem increasingly cntent t stay dry and rely n remte sensrs and samplers, mdels, and virtual experiments t understand natural systems. Cnsequently, we can miss imprtant strmy phenmena, imaginative inspiratins, and pprtunities t build intuitin (直觉) — all f which are critical t scientific prgress,” said Van Stan’s team.
This type f “umbrella science”, they warn, can miss imprtant lcalized events. Fr instance, in describing rainwater’s flw frm the frest treetps t the sils, the authrs nte that “if several branches efficiently capture and carry strm water t the stem, rainwater inputs t near-stem sils can be mre than100 times greater.” Likewise, water vapr (水蒸气) cluds trapped beneath frest treetp cvers may escape remte detectin, yet be sensitive t scientists n the grund. At the brader scale, these versights can affect Grund Earth systems mdels, which ften underestimate frest treetp water strage.
Direct bservatin, hwever, has gne beynd making up fr the shrtcmings f “umbrella science.” Van Stan and clleagues see cre value in firsthand strm experiences — nt nly fr natural scientists, but als fr students studying climate change impacts n ecsystems.
12．Hw d peple tend t react t rain?
A．In a defensive manner.B．In a scientific manner.
C．With a wait-and-see attitude.D．With an bservatin- based attitude.
13．Why are the examples in paragraph 2 used?
A．T argue that direct bservatins are unachievable.
B．T prve that distance bservatin systems make sense.
C．T justify direct bservatin that is assumed unwrkable.
D．T jke abut techn ptimism that fails t slve all prblems.
14．What des Van Stan’s research team argue in terms f hands-n bservatin?
A．It is effrtless and precise.B．It is virtual and accepted.
C．It is cmplex yet time- saving.D．It is crucial yet verlked.
15．What des the authr think f the “umbrella science”?
A．It is grundbreaking.B．Its scientific values are nt nticed.
C．It is insufficient t trace eclgical events.D．It invlves research methds acrss disciplines.
Hw t Plitely Cancel Plans Over Text
Yu made plans with friends, but when it’s time t leave the huse, yu just dn’t have the energy. Or, maybe smething else cmes up, and yu can’t make it. 16 But with a few tips, yu can d it plitely.
◆Text them as sn as pssible.
That way, yur friends can rearrange their schedules. If yu knw yu cannt make it, try t text a day ahead f time. Otherwise, yur friends might be annyed abut the incnvenience. If there’s an emergency and yu have t cancel the plan at the last minute, that’s fine. 17
◆Be hnest abut yur situatin.
18 If yu’ve encuntered a change in yur schedule, just tell them what it is. Yur friends will be mre understanding if they can tell yu’re telling the truth. Just say things like: “I ran int an issue at wrk.” r “I’m dealing with sme family prblems.”
◆Ask if yu can reschedule.
Instead f saying “Let’s hang ut sn!”, pick a new time, s yur friends knw that yu’re serius. 19 Try t include this in yur riginal message s they knw what yu’re ding right away, and make sure it’s a plan yu can stick t s yu dn’t have t cancel again.
◆ 20
Add in ne mre nice thing t make a cmpliment (赞美) sandwich. After yu tell yur friends yu have t cancel and aplgize, let them knw hw much yu appreciate them making plans with yu. This will reassure them that yu lve spending time with them, and it can even help yu feel less guilty, t.
A．Start with yur appreciatin.
B．Thank them fr inviting yu ut.
C．Let them knw hw urgent the situatin is.
D．There’s n need t lie abut what’s ging n.
E．It shws that yu aren’t just blwing them ff.
F．Otherwise, yu shuld try t cancel ahead f time.
G．Whatever the case is, cancelling plans can be annying.
二、完形填空
Nt t lng ag, an incident that happened at Walt Disney tuched me greatly. A guest 21 f ur Plynesian Village resrt (度假胜地) at Walt Disney was asked hw she 22 her visit. She tld the frnt-desk clerk she had a (n) 23 vacatin, but was heartbrken abut 24 several rlls f Kdak clr film she had nt yet 25 . At the mment she was particularly 26 ver the lss f the pictures she had sht at ur Plynesian Luau, 27 this was a memry she especially treasured.
Nw, please understand that we have n written service rules 28 lst phts in the park. 29 , the clerk at the frnt desk 30 Disney’s idea f caring fr ur 31 . She asked the wman t leave her a cuple rlls f 32 film, prmising she wuld take care f the rest f ur shw at Plynesian Luau.
Tw weeks later the guest received a 33 at her hme. In it were phts f all the actrs f ur shw, 34 signed by each perfrmer. There were als 35 f the public prcessing (游行队伍) and firewrks in the park, taken by the frnt-desk clerk in her wn 36 after wrk. I happened t knw this 37 because this guest wrte us a letter. She said that 38 in her life had she received such gd service frm any business.
Excellent 39 des nt cme frm plicy handbks. It cmes frm peple wh 40 and frm a culture that encurages and mdels that attitude.
21．A．wrking utB．checking utC．making useD．taking charge
22．A．enjyedB．realizedC．paidD．expected
23．A．uncmfrtableB．wnderfulC．disappintingD．significant
24．A．drppingB．takingC．breakingD．lsing
25．A．develpedB．takenC．ladedD．washed
26．A．sillyB．nervusC．upsetD．calm
27．A．whereB．whenC．asD．which
28．A．keepingB．findingC．makingD．cvering
29．A．ExcitedlyB．SadlyC．FrtunatelyD．Quietly
30．A．understdB．trustedC．remindedD．discvered
31．A．guestsB．wrkersC．managersD．clerks
32．A．printedB．shtC．recrdedD．unused
33．A．filmB．cardC．packetD．camera
34．A．frequentlyB．persnallyC．actuallyD．gently
35．A．rulesB．perfrmancesC．handbksD．pictures
36．A．caseB．wrkC．timeD．psitin
37．A．placeB．stryC．phtD．shw
38．A．nlyB．almstC．neverD．nearly
39．A．adviceB．experienceC．qualityD．service
40．A．serveB．careC．likeD．knw
三、语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
The year 2023 witnessed the significant prtectin plan released fr Beijing’s Central Axis ( 轴 线), 41 (stretch) fr 7.8 kilmeters thrugh the Chinese capital. Wrld-famus landmarks like the Frbidden City, Tian’anmen Square, the Temple f Heaven are lcated alng the central axis, 42 cnstructin began in the Yuan Dynasty (1271-1368) and 43 (last) until the Ming and Qing dynasties.
The prtectin plan fr Beijing’s Central Axis frm 2022 t 2035 was released in January f 2023, marking 44 new stage in its cnservatin, sustainable develpment and applicatin as a UNESCO Wrld Heritage Site.
The plan is said t be ne f the necessary steps fr UNESCO Wrld Heritage status, and 45 (it) release and implementatin (实施) will play an imprtant rle in the prtectin and 46 (manage) f the capital’s central axis.
Alngside regulatins n the prtectin f the Central Axis 47 (carry) ut earlier, the plan is in line with the requirements f Wrld Heritage cnservatin and prvides an effective strategy 48 the cnservatin.
The 21 member cuntries f the Wrld Heritage Cmmittee will decide n whether Beijing’s Central Axis can 49 (add) t the Wrld Heritage List at the cmmittee’s 46th annual cnference in 2024. 50 the applicatin succeeds, it will reinfrce Beijing’s tp psitin amng cities wrldwide by number f Wrld Heritage Sites.
四、改错
51．假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文， 请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误， 每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及修改均仅限一词;
2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Gd mrning, everyne! It is my great hnur t be here t share with yu my pinins n hw t learn well in schl.
Firstly, we shuld learn t learn efficient. Persnally, I used t trying effective methd t achieve my academic gals. Develp a gd habit is als f imprtance. It really benefited me a lt f t preview lessns, get actively invlved in class, and review what have been taught after class. In additin, we shuld learn hw t get alng well with thers peple. In schl, I respected teachers and was friendly with classmates. It was with sincere and faithfulness that we created a harmnius atmsphere. Finally, we shuld take part in sprts and utdr activities frequently, that were really helpful t build up ur bdy and enrich ur schl life.
N pains, n gains. I am sure that with yur great effrts, yu will enjy clrful and meaningful life here.
五、书信写作
52．假定你是高三学生李华，你的好朋友 Mary在来信中谈到她最近参加的志愿者活动，并问及你参与过的一次志愿者活动。请你给她写一封回信，内容包括：
1.该志愿活动的过程；
2.你的活动感受。
注意：1.词数120左右；
2.开头可适当增加细节，使行文连贯。
Dear Mary,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs sincerely,
Li Hua
参考答案：
1．D 2．C 3．B
【分析】本文是应用文。介绍了三个适合孩子们的园艺课程。
1．细节理解题。根据Children's Cmmunity Garden中的“The instructrs als lead games abut nutritin, beetles and butterflies and mre.(教师还组织有关营养、甲虫和蝴蝶等的游戏) ”可知，这个活动适合喜欢昆虫的那些孩子，不同于其他课程。故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据Cppell Cmmunity Garden中的“Kids(aged 6 but nt turning 12 befre Dec.31 this year) with a parent can vlunteer(孩子（6岁——但在今年12月31日前不满12岁）可以有父母陪同来做志愿者)” 可知，这门课程要求孩子的年龄是六到十一岁。故选C。
3．推断判断题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了给不同年龄层次的孩子提供的园艺课程。因此推断文章来自提供学习计划的机构。故选B。
4．D 5．B 6．A 7．C
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了老师Marjrie Hurd如何通过教育和激励，引导作者走向新闻事业，转变了他的人生。
4．词句猜测题。根据划线所在句子的后半句话“but I decided t fllw the prettiest girl in my class(但我决定跟随班上最漂亮的女孩)”可知，对于新转学过来的作者来说，对爱好和俱乐部毫无概念，只是决定跟随班上最漂亮的女孩去做。所以划线所在的句子意为“作者完全不知道爱好和俱乐部是什么”。故选D。
5．细节理解题。根据第三段的“Her intrductin t the literary wealth f Greece gave me a new perspective n my war-trn hmeland, making me prud f my rigins. Her effrts inspired me t understand the lgic and structure f the English language. Owing t her inspiratin, during my next twenty-five years, I became a jurnalist by prfessin.(她对希腊文学财富的介绍让我对饱受战争蹂躏的祖国有了新的认识，让我为自己的出身感到自豪。她的努力激励我理解英语的逻辑和结构。由于她的启发，在接下来的25年里，我成为了一名职业记者)”可知，接触到希腊文学作品使作者对祖国有了不同的看法。故选B。
6．推理判断题。根据第四段“Miss Hurd retired at the age f 62. By then, she had taught fr a ttal f 41 years. Even after her retirement, she cntinually made a prject f unwilling students in whm she spied (发现) a spark f ptential.The students were mainly frm the mst trubled hmes, yet she alternately bullied and charmed them with her wn special brand f tugh lve, until the spark caught fire.(赫德62岁退休。到那时，她已经教了41年书了。即使在退休后，她也不断地让她发现的那些不情愿的学生成为潜在的火花。这些学生主要来自最困难的家庭，但她时而欺负他们，时而用她特有的坚韧之爱迷住他们，直到火花点燃)”可推知，Hurd老师运用了独特的方法来对待这些学生，激发他们内在的潜力。故选A。
7．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“The persn wh set the curse f my life was a schl teacher named Marjrie Hurd. When I stepped ff a ship in New Yrk Harbr in 1949, I was a nine-year-ld war refugee, wh had lst my mther and was cming t live with the father I did nt knw. My mther, Eleni Gatzyiannis, had been imprisned and sht fr sending my sisters and me t freedm.(决定我人生方向的人是一位名叫马乔里·赫德的学校老师。1949年，当我在纽约港下船时，我是一名9岁的战争难民，我失去了母亲，要和我不认识的父亲住在一起。我的母亲Eleni Gatzyiannis因送我和我的姐妹们走向自由而被监禁和枪杀)”可知，本文主要讲述了老师Marjrie Hurd如何通过教育和激励，引导作者走向新闻事业，转变了他的人生。故选C。
8．D 9．C 10．A 11．B
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍作者在海岸警卫队使用气垫船的体验。
8．细节理解题。由文章第一段“They’ve been discntinued in mst cmmercial peratin, because they are s expensive t make, but when it cmes t search and rescue, they’re priceless.(它们在大多数商业运营中都已停产，因为它们的制造成本太高，但在搜救方面，它们是无价的。)”可知，气垫船的生产成本使气垫船不适合商业使用。故选D项。
9．主旨大意题。由文章第二段“Frm far away, a hvercraft lks like a nrmal bat. But if yu lk under its skirt, the craft is nt tuching the water — it flats n a cushin f air. That cushin allws us t travel ver everything frm water t muddy land — and even break thrugh ice. We d all f that as a 70-tnne machine, ging a maximum f nearly 120 kilmeters per hur.(从远处看，气垫船就像一艘普通的船。但如果你从它的裙子下面看，这艘船并没有碰到水——它漂浮在气垫上。这种缓冲垫可以让我们穿越从水到泥泞的土地的一切，甚至可以破冰。我们完成所有这些工作正如一台70吨重的机器那样，最高时速接近120公里。)”以及后文可知，本段主要介绍气垫船的与众不同之处。故选C项。
10．推理判断题。由文章第三段“During assignments n ther cast guard ships, I had 20 minutes t make alteratins t avid a crash. In a hvercraft, I have 10 secnds. Yu have t have enugh situatinal awareness t make the right decisin every time.(在其它海岸警卫队船只上执行任务时，我有20分钟的时间进行改变航线，以避免发生撞击事故。在气垫船上，我有10秒的时间。你必须有足够的情境意识，才能每次都做出正确的决定。)”可知，气垫船驾驶员必须做出更快的反应。故选A项。
11．推理判断题。由文章最后一段“Anything can thrw the hvercraft ff — maybe yur lift settings are ff a little, r the wind blws with a bit f extra weight. After several years perating a hvercraft, I’m still learning. Every ne f the captains here agrees: yu can drive this thing fr 20 years and still be surprised.(任何事情都可能使气垫船偏离——也许你的升力设置有点偏离，或者风吹得有点重。在操作气垫船几年后，我仍在学习。这里的每一位队长都同意：你可以驾驶这辆车20年，但仍然会感到惊讶。)”可知，作者认为操作气垫船是要求很高的。故选B项。
12．A 13．C 14．D 15．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要通过人们躲雨的行为，说明了远程观测系统对于捕捉频繁和不可预测的现象至关重要。进而论证了直接观察对于科学研究的重要作用。
12．细节理解题。根据第一段“When caught in the rain, we have all run fr cver — ften t a nearby tree. On the way, we step ver shrt-lived puddles and hastily-frmed streams, surprised at hw quickly the sil changes frm supprtive and predictable t untrustwrthy: slippery, sft, and spngy. At first chance we tend t flee, skipping further bservatin.(下雨的时候，我们都会跑去躲雨——通常是跑到附近的一棵树上。在路上，我们跨过了短暂的水坑和仓促形成的溪流，惊讶地发现土壤是如此迅速地从支持和可预测变成不可靠：滑，软，海绵状。一有机会，我们往往会逃跑，跳过进一步的观察)”可知，下雨时人们会迅速躲避，以防御、预防的方式对待下雨。故选A。
13．推理判断题。根据第二段“Given that direct bservatins are ften impracticable, remte bservatin systems are crucial fr capturing phenmena that are frequent and unpredictable. Hwever, the Bimbache cmmunity f ElHierr bserved water running dwn tree bark during fg events and captured it fr drinking, washing and agriculture many years ag. If mre cntemprary hydrlgists (水文学家) had watched fg by trees, frest managers might nt have lgged (伐木) the Bull Run Watershed, which reduced lcal rainfall by 30% in 1982.(鉴于直接观测往往不可行，远程观测系统对于捕捉频繁和不可预测的现象至关重要。然而，ElHierr的Bimbache社区在雾事件期间观察到水从树上流下，并在许多年前将其捕获用于饮用，洗涤和农业。如果当时有更多的水文学家观察树木产生的雾气，森林管理者可能就不会砍伐布尔朗流域的树木了，这导致1982年当地降雨量减少了30%)”可知，使用第2段中的例子是为了证明被认为不可行的直接观察是正确的。故选C。
14．细节理解题。根据第三段“The researchers insist that hands-n bservatin f strm events is crucial fr cmprehending the cmplexities f wet weather.(研究人员坚持认为，亲自观察风暴事件对于理解潮湿天气的复杂性至关重要)”以及倒数第三段“Cnsequently, we can miss imprtant strmy phenmena, imaginative inspiratins, and pprtunities t build intuitin (直觉) — all f which are critical t scientific prgress(因此，我们可能会错过重要的风暴现象、富有想象力的灵感和建立直觉的机会——所有这些对科学进步都至关重要)”可知，范斯坦的研究小组发现亲自观察是至关重要的，但被忽视了。故选D。
15．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“This type f “umbrella science”, they warn, can miss imprtant lcalized events.(他们警告说，这种“保护伞科学”可能会错过重要的局部事件)”以及“At the brader scale, these versights can affect Grund Earth systems mdels, which ften underestimate frest treetp water strage.(在更广泛的范围内，这些疏忽可能会影响地面系统模型，这些模型往往低估了森林树梢的储水量)”可知，作者认为“保护伞科学”在追踪生态事件上是不够的。故选C。
16．G 17．F 18．D 19．E 20．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章就如何礼貌地通过短信取消计划给出了一些建议。
16．空处上文“Yu made plans with friends, but when it’s time t leave the huse, yu just dn’t have the energy. Or, maybe smething else cmes up, and yu can’t make it.(你和朋友制定了计划，但当要离开家的时候，你就是没有精力。或者，可能有其他事情发生，而你无法做到。)”提到了一些你需要取消计划的情况，空处下文“But with a few tips, yu can d it plitely.(但只要有一些小技巧，你就可以礼貌地做到这一点。)”提到有一些小技巧可以帮助有礼貌地取消计划。由此可知，本空应是承上启下句，指出计划取消可能会给人带来困扰，进而引出下文对于“礼貌地取消计划的方法”的介绍，G项“Whatever the case is, cancelling plans can be annying.(不管是什么情况，取消计划都很烦人。)”说明取消计划会很烦人，承上启下，其中的the case指的是上文提到的情况，因此G选项符合语境。故选G。
17．根据本段的主旨句“◆Text them as sn as pssible.(尽快给他们发短信。)”可知，本段提出的建议是“尽快给他们发短信”，根据空处上文“That way, yur friends can rearrange their schedules.(这样，你的朋友可以重新安排他们的日程。)”和“If there’s an emergency and yu have t cancel the plan at the last minute, that’s fine.(如果有紧急情况，你不得不在最后一刻取消计划，那也没关系。)”可知，这样做的目的是让朋友们有时间重新安排日程，以避免给他们带来不便和困扰，除非你有紧急情况，不得不在最后一刻取消安排，否则都应该尽快给朋友发短信。F项“Otherwise, yu shuld try t cancel ahead f time.(否则, 你应该尽量提前取消。)”说明了要尽量提前取消，再次与本段的段落小标题相呼应，其中，ahead f time与the last minute相对应，因此符合语境。故选F。
18．根据本段的主旨句“◆Be hnest abut yur situatin.(诚实面对自己的处境。)”可知，本段提出的建议是“诚实地说明自己的情况”。根据空处下文“If yu’ve encuntered a change in yur schedule, just tell them what it is. Yur friends will be mre understanding if they can tell yu’re telling the truth.(如果你的日程安排发生了变化，直接告诉他们是什么。如果你的朋友知道你说的是实话，他们会更加理解你。)”可知，如果你的日程发生了变化，只需告诉朋友实情，这样能够建立更好的信任关系，并且朋友会更理解你的决定。D 项“There’s n need t lie abut what’s ging n.(没有必要对正在发生的事情撒谎。)”说明了要说出实情，符合此处的语境，选项中的lie abut what’s ging n与上文中的telling the truth相呼应。故选D。
19．根据本段的主旨句“◆Ask if yu can reschedule.(询问是否可以重新安排时间。)”可知，本段提出的建议是“询问你们是否可以重新约时间”。根据空处上文“Instead f saying “Let’s hang ut sn!”, pick a new time, s yur friends knw that yu’re serius.(与其说“我们快点出去玩吧!”，选择一个新的时间，这样你的朋友就知道你是认真的。)”可知，询问朋友是否可以重新约时间可以显示出自己的诚意和重视，且有助于朋友建立朋友对你的信任，并使他们更愿意与你重新安排时间。E 项“It shws that yu aren’t just blwing them ff.(这表明你并不只是敷衍他们。)”说明了重新约时间表明你没有敷衍他们，而是认真的，因此承接上文，符合语境。故选E。
20．空处为段落小标题。根据下文中的“let them knw hw much yu appreciate them making plans with yu. This will reassure them that yu lve spending time with them, and it can even help yu feel less guilty, t.(让他们知道你有多感激他们和你一起制定计划。这会让他们放心，你喜欢和他们在一起，这甚至可以帮助你减少罪恶感。)”可知，本段的建议是，在告诉朋友你需要取消计划并道歉之后，你要向朋友表达感谢，B项“Thank them fr inviting yu ut.(谢谢他们邀请你外出。)”说明了要对朋友表示感激，能够准确地表达本段的观点，因此可作为本段小标题。故选B。
21．B 22．A 23．B 24．D 25．A 26．C 27．C 28．D 29．C 30．A 31．A 32．D 33．C 34．B 35．D 36．C 37．B 38．C 39．D 40．B
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了一名迪士尼员工为游客提供优质服务的感人经历。
21．考查动词短语辨析。句意：一位客人在华特迪士尼的波利尼西亚乡村度假胜地退房时，被问及她对这次游览有何感想。A. wrking ut锻炼；B. checking ut退房；C. making use使用；D. taking charge负责。根据下文“this was a memry she especially treasured”以及“Tw weeks later the guest received a ____13____ at her hme.”可知，访问结束时，客人会进行退房。故选B。
22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一位客人在华特迪士尼的波利尼西亚乡村度假胜地退房时，被问及她对这次游览有何感想。A. enjyed享受；B. realized意识到；C. paid支付；D. expected期待。根据上文的A guest可知，作为客人，在她离开度假村时，被员工询问是否享受了这次假期。故选A。
23．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她告诉前台接待员度过了美好的假期，但因丢失尚未冲洗的几卷柯达胶卷而伤心。A. uncmfrtable不舒服的；B. wnderful美妙的；C. disappinting令人失望的；D. significant重要的。根据后面的转折连词but以及下文“this was a memry she especially treasured”可知，她在这里度过了愉快且美妙的假期。故选B。
24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她告诉前台接待员度过了美好的假期，但因丢失尚未冲洗的几卷柯达胶卷而伤心。A. drpping掉落；B. taking拿走，拍摄；C. breaking打破；D. lsing丢失。根据空前的heartbrken以及下文中的“lst phts in the park”可知，这位客人因丢失胶卷而伤心。故选D。
25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她告诉前台接待员度过了美好的假期，但因丢失尚未冲洗的几卷柯达胶卷而伤心。A. develped冲洗；B. taken拍摄；C. laded装载；D. washed洗。根据空前的“several rlls f Kdak clr film she had nt yet”可知，此处指尚未冲洗的照片胶卷。故选A。
26．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：此刻，她对在我们波利尼西亚卢拍摄的照片丢失感到特别难过，因为这是她特别珍视的回忆。A. silly愚蠢的；B. nervus紧张的；C. upset难过的；D. calm冷静的。根据上文“but was heartbrken abut ____4____ several rlls f Kdak clr film she had nt yet ____5____.”可知，她丢失了未冲洗的胶卷，也就意味着对丢失了她美好的回忆，所以客人感觉有点难过。故选C。
27．考查原因状语从句。句意：此刻，她对在我们波利尼西亚卢拍摄的照片丢失感到特别难过，因为这是她特别珍视的回忆。A. where哪里；B. when何时；C. as因为；D. which哪一个。根据空后“this was a memry she especially treasured”可知，她丢掉胶卷难过的原因是这是她特别珍视的回忆，所以前后为因果关系，as引导原因状语从句。故选C。
28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在，请理解我们并没有关于公园内遗失照片的服务规则。A. keeping保存；B. finding查找；C. making制作；D. cvering包含。根据空前“we have n written service rules”可知，现在公园内没有包括处理丢失照片的服务规则。故选D。
29．考查副词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，这名前台接待员理解迪士尼对待客人的理念。A. Excitedly兴奋地；B. Sadly遗憾地；C. Frtunately幸运地；D. Quietly安静地。根据下文“prmising she wuld take care f the rest f ur shw at Plynesian Luau”可知，这里在员工采取了积极的行为，所以这是幸运的事。故选C。
30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，这名前台接待员理解迪士尼对待客人的理念。A. understd理解；B. trusted信任；C. reminded提醒；D. discvered发现。根据下文“prmising she wuld take care f the rest f ur shw at Plynesian Luau”可知，这位员工理解迪士尼对待客人的理念，所以采取了相应行动。故选A。
31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，这名前台接待员理解迪士尼对待客人的理念。A. guests客人；B. wrkers工人；C. managers经理；D. clerks店员。根据上文A guest以及下文“She asked the wman t leave her a cuple rlls f ____12____ film, prmising she wuld take care f the rest f ur shw at Plynesian Luau.”可知，这位女士是迪士尼的一名客人，所以此处指前台接待员理解迪士尼对待客人的理念。故选A。
32．查形容词词义辨析。句意：她请这位女士留下几卷未使用的胶卷，并承诺会帮她拍下我们波利尼西亚卢奥舞会的其余部分。A. printed已打印的；B. sht已拍摄的；C. recrded已记录的；D. unused未使用的。根据上文“but was heartbrken abut ____4____ several rlls f Kdak clr film she had nt yet ____5____”以及下文“In it were phts f all the actrs f ur shw”可知，这位客人丢失了一卷未冲洗的胶卷，所以此处是请求她留下未使用的胶卷，来为她拍摄照片。故选D。
33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：两周后，客人在家里收到了一个包裹。A. film胶卷；B. card卡片；C. packet包裹；D. camera相机。根据下文“In it were phts f all the actrs f ur shw,____14____ signed by each perfrmer. There were als ____15____ f the public prcessing (游行队伍) and firewrks in the park, taken by the frnt-desk clerk in her wn ____16____ after wrk.”可知，这位客人两周后收到一个包裹，里面是一些照片。故选C。
34．考查副词词义辨析。句意：里面装有我们演出的所有演员的照片，并且每一张都有演员的亲笔签名。A. frequently常常；B. persnally亲自地；C. actually实际上；D. gently轻轻地。根据空后“signed by each perfrmer”可知，此处代指表演者的亲笔签名。故选B。
35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：还有一些照片是前台服务员在下班后亲自拍摄的游行队伍和公园里的烟花表演。A. rules规则；B. perfrmances表演；C. handbks手册；D. pictures照片。根据下文“taken by the frnt-desk clerk”可知，包裹里还有一些前台服务员亲自拍摄的照片。故选D。
36．考查名词词义辨析。句意：还有一些照片是前台服务员在下班后亲自拍摄的游行队伍和公园里的烟花表演。A. case情况；B. wrk工作；C. time时间；D. psitin职位。根据空后“after wrk”可知，下班后属于自己的私人时间。故选C。
37．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我恰好知道这个故事是因为这位客人给我们写了一封信。A. place地方；B. stry故事；C. pht照片；D. shw表演。根据下文“She said that ____18____ in her life had she received such gd service frm any business.”可知，这位客人给作者写信告诉了他这件事，所以此处指他知道这个故事是因为一封信。故选B。
38．考查副词词义辨析。句意：她说在她的生活中从未有哪个企业能提供如此好的服务。A. nly只有；B. almst几乎；C. never从未；D. nearly几乎。根据空后“she received such gd service frm any business.”可知，这位客人在信中说她在生活中从未享受过这样服务，此处强调从未得到过的服务。故选C。
39．考查名词词义辨析。句意：优质的服务不是来自于政策手册。A. advice建议；B. experience经验；C. quality质量；D. service服务。根据上文“she received such gd service frm any business”可知，这里指优质的服务不是来自政策手册。故选D。
40．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它是来自于关心他人的人们以及鼓励并展示这种态度的文化。A. serve服务；B. care关心；C. like喜欢；D. knw知道。根据后文“and frm a culture that encurages and mdels that attitude”和全文语境可知，员工用自己的行动关心每一位客人，让客人感受到了良好的服务。故选B。
41．stretching 42．whse 43．lasted 44．a 45．its 46．management 47．carried 48．fr 49．be added 50．If
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍北京中轴线的相关情况。
41． 考查非谓语动词。句意：2023年，北京中轴线发布了一项重要的保护计划，全长7.8公里。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查非谓语，动词stretch是被修饰的名词Beijing’s Central Axis主动发出的动作，用现在分词形式，表示主动。故填stretching。
42．考查定语从句。句意：紫禁城、天安门广场、天坛等世界著名地标位于中轴线沿线，它始建于元代，一直延续到明清时期。根据句子结构和意思可知，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是the central axis，关系词替代先行词在从句中作定语，修饰后面的名词cnstructin，用关系代词whse引导。故填whse。
43．考查动词时态。句意：见第2题详解。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里应填谓语动词，cnstructin与last为主动关系，这句话描述的是过去的事情，谓语用一般过去时。故填lasted。
44．考查冠词。句意：北京中轴线2022年至2035年保护规划于2023年1月发布，标志着北京中轴线保护、可持续发展和申报联合国教科文组织世界遗产进入一个新阶段。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里需要不定冠词，表示泛指，“一个”的意思，修饰后面的名词stage，new以辅音音素开头，应用a。故填a。
45．考查代词。句意：该计划被认为是获得联合国教科文组织世界遗产地位的必要步骤之一，其发布和实施将对首都中轴线的保护和管理发挥重要作用。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里需要形容词性物主代词，修饰后面的名词短语release and implementatin。故填its。
46．考查名词。句意：见第5题详解。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里需要名词，作介词in的宾语，management表“管理”，为不可数名词，符合句意。故填management。
47．考查非谓语动词。句意：除了早先实施的中轴线保护条例外，该计划符合世界遗产保护的要求，并为保护提供了有效的战略。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查非谓语，这里的动词短语carry ut和被修饰的名词regulatins是逻辑上的动宾关系，用过去分词形式，表示被动，作后置定语。故填carried。
48．考查介词短语。句意：见第7题详解。分析句子可知，这里考查prvide sth fr sb表“为某人提供某物”，为固定搭配。故填fr。
49． 考查动词语态。句意：世界遗产委员会的21个成员国将在2024年的第46届年会上决定是否将北京中轴线列入世界遗产名录。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查谓语，动词短语add t和句子主语Beijing’s Central Axis是动宾关系，要用被动语态结构，空格前面是情态动词can，后面用动词原形。故填be added。
50．考查状语从句。句意：如果申请成功，北京的世界遗产数量将在全球城市中名列前茅。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查条件状语从句，if表“如果”，符合句意，且句首时首字母应大写。故填If。
51．1 efficient→efficiently 2 trying→try 3 methd→methds 4 Develp→Develping 5 lt后f删掉 6 have→had 7 thers→ther 8 sincere→sincerity 9 that→which 10 enjy后加a
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了在学校中如何有效学习、与人相处及丰富生活的方法。
【详解】1.考查副词。句意：首先，我们应该学会高效学习。需要用副词修饰动词learn，efficient为形容词，其副词形式为efficiently“高效地”。故将efficient改成efficiently。
2.考查固定搭配。句意：就我个人而言，我过去常常尝试有效的方法来实现我的学术目标。used t d sth.“过去常常做某事”。故将trying改成try。
3.考查名词复数。句意：就我个人而言，我过去常常尝试有效的方法来实现我的学术目标。句中的methd为可数名词“方法”。此处需要该词的复数形式表示泛指。故将methd改成methds。
4.考查动名词。句意：养成好习惯也很重要。本句话需要动名词作主语。故将Develp改成Develping。
5.考查固定搭配。句意：预习课程、积极参与课堂、课后复习所教内容对我真的很有帮助。a lt f“许多”，后面接名词。此处需要修饰动词benefited，所以将f去掉，变成a lt。故将f去掉。
6.考查时态。句意：预习课程、积极参与课堂、课后复习所教内容对我真的很有帮助。review后面接what引导的宾语从句。根据主句中的谓语动词benefited可知，主句为一般过去时态，宾语从句中的动作发生在主句动作之前，所以用过去完成时态，表示过去的过去。故将have变成had。
7.考查形容词。句意：此外，我们应该学会如何与他人相处融洽。thers为代词“其他人”，后面不接名词，单独使用。此处需要形容词ther“其他的”，修饰后面的名词peple。故将thers改成ther。
8.考查名词。句意：我们以真诚和忠诚创造了和谐的氛围。with后面接名词作宾语。sincere为形容词，其名词形式为sincerity“真诚”，和faithfulness并列作宾语。故将sincere改成sincerity。
9.考查定语从句。句意：最后，我们应该经常参加体育运动和户外活动，这确实有助于锻炼我们的身体，丰富我们的学校生活。本句话的逗号后面为定语从句。所以此处为非限定性定语从句，修饰前面的一整句，关系词在定语从句中作主语，只能用关系代词which引导该从句。故将that改成which。
10.考查冠词。句意：我相信，在你的努力下，你会在这里享受丰富多彩、有意义的生活。enjy a clrful and meaningful life“享受丰富多彩、有意义的生活”。故在enjy后加a。
52．Dear Mary,
Delighted t knw that yu enjyed yur vlunteer activity a lt, I am writing t share with yu what I cntributed t my cmmunity.
During the Spring Festival, I applied t assist passengers in the railway statin with my classmates. Arranged t different psitins, we were engaged in helping them have their tickets and luggage checked thrugh the security check prt. When necessary, I als lent a hand t thse wh have difficulty carrying their luggage dwn the steps t the parking lt.
With my service finished, I felt exhausted but extremely satisfied. It was the smile n the passengers’ faces and my heartfelt happiness that made this experience wrthwhile.
Lking frward t mre f yur stries. Best wishes!
Yurs sincerely,
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给好朋友 Mary回信，分享自己最近参加的志愿者活动。
【详解】1.词汇积累
高兴的：delighted→glad
做某事有困难：have difficulty ding sth.→have truble ding sth.
疲惫：exhausted→tired
满足的：satisfied→cntent
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：With my service finished, I felt exhausted but extremely satisfied.
拓展句：After my service was finished, I felt exhausted but extremely satisfied.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Delighted t knw that yu enjyed yur vlunteer activity a lt, I am writing t share with yu what I cntributed t my cmmunity. (运用了that引导宾语从句)
[高分句型2] When necessary, I als lent a hand t thse wh have difficulty carrying their luggage dwn the steps t the parking lt. (运用了wh引导定语从句)
题号
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
答案
D
C
B
D
B
A
C
D
C
A
题号
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
答案
B
A
C
D
C
G
F
D
E
B
题号
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
答案
B
A
B
D
A
C
C
D
C
A
题号
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
答案
A
D
C
B
D
C
B
C
D
B
一、阅读理解
Grwing Green Thumbs
Children's Cmmunity Garden
2200 Bwling Green Ave.,940/349-2883
LEARN:Jin the weekend wrk at the cmmunity garden,where caregivers and master gardeners help kids aged 5 r lder plant and water new vegetables,and harvest frm the gardens. All harvested fds are either sld at the cmmunity's farmers' market r dnated t the area fd bank. The instructrs als lead games abut nutritin,beetles and butterflies and mre. Wrk begins in May, 10 a. m. - 5 p.m. n Saturdays.
COST:Free
Cppell Cmmunity Garden
255 Parkway Blvd,Cppell
LEARN: Kids(aged 6 but nt turning 12 befre Dec. 31 this year) with a parent can vlunteer at either the Helping Hands Garden, 25 Parkway Blvd. r Grund Delivery Garden, 45 S. Dentn Tap Rad. Children will have the pprtunity t till(耕）the grund, plant vegetables, ·harvest frm the garden and mre. Wrk begins every Saturday at abut 9 a. m.
COST:Free
Callie's Kids by Callway Nursery
Dentn,940/591-8865; Flwer Mund,972/691-2650
LEARN: Kids aged 5 t 10 years ld can explre and plant in the Callway gardens with a caregiver's supervisin at 9:30 a. m. n the first r third Wednesdays frm June t August. A garden expert will share tips and advice fr the best gardening practices during the 45-minute sessin beginning n June 2. Preregistratin nline is required.
COST:Free
1．Hw is Children's Cmmunity Garden different frm thers?
A．It is based in Dentn.
B．Kids may take harvests hme.
C．It is under supervisin thrughut the year.
D．It will cater t thse wh are fnd f insects.
2．What is the age range required by Cppell Cmmunity Garden?
A．5-8.B．5-10.C．6-11.D．6-12.
3．Where is this text mst likely frm?
A．A fd industry cmmitted t charity.'
B．An institutin ffering learning prgrams.
C．A supermarket ffering vluntary prgrams.
D．A website prmting kids' gardening facilities.
The persn wh set the curse f my life was a schl teacher named Marjrie Hurd. When I stepped ff a ship in New Yrk Harbr in 1949, I was a nine-year-ld war refugee, wh had lst my mther and was cming t live with the father I did nt knw. My mther, Eleni Gatzyiannis, had been imprisned and sht fr sending my sisters and me t freedm.
I was thirteen years ld when I entered Chandler Junir High. Shrtly after I arrived, I was tld t select a hbby t pursue during “club hurs”. The idea f hbbies and clubs was perplexing t my immigrant ears, but I decided t fllw the prettiest girl in my class. She led me int the presence f Miss Hurd, the schl newspaper adviser and English teacher.
A tugh wman with salt-and-pepper hair and determined eyes, Miss Hurd had n patience with lazy bnes. She drilled us in grammar, assigned stries fr us t read and discuss, and eventually taught us hw t put ut a newspaper. Her intrductin t the literary wealth f Greece gave me a new perspective n my war-trn hmeland, making me prud f my rigins. Her effrts inspired me t understand the lgic and structure f the English language. Owing t her inspiratin, during my next twenty-five years, I became a jurnalist by prfessin.
Miss Hurd retired at the age f 62. By then, she had taught fr a ttal f 41 years. Even after her retirement, she cntinually made a prject f unwilling students in whm she spied (发现) a spark f ptential. The students were mainly frm the mst trubled hmes, yet she alternately bullied and charmed them with her wn special brand f tugh lve, until the spark caught fire.
Miss Hurd was the ne wh directed my grief and pain int writing. But fr Miss Hurd, I wuldn’t have becme a reprter. She was the ne wh sent me int jurnalism and indirectly caused all the gd things that came after.
4．What des the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 mst prbably mean?
A．Hbbies and clubs inspired the authr a lt.
B．The authr turned a deaf ear t jining clubs.
C．Hbbies and clubs were ppular t immigrants like the authr.
D．The authr had n idea what hbbies and clubs were all abut.
5．Which f the fllwing caused the authr t think f his hmeland differently?
A．Stepping n the American sil fr the first time.
B．Being expsed t Greek literary wrks.
C．Her mther’s unfrtunate death.
D．Fllwing the prettiest girl in his class.
6．It can be inferred frm Paragraph 4 that ________.
A．Miss Hurd emplyed a unique way t handle these students.
B．Miss Hurd’s cntributin was recgnized acrss the natin.
C．Students frm trubled hmes preferred Miss Hurd’s teaching style.
D．The students Miss Hurd taught were all finally fired.
7．What is the text mainly abut?
A．Hw the authr became a jurnalist.
B．The imprtance f inspiratin in ne’s life.
C．The teacher wh shaped the authr’s life.
D．Factrs cntributing t a successful career.
I jined the cast guard because I wanted t help peple. Hvercraft (气垫船) are rare and special. They’ve been discntinued in mst cmmercial peratin, because they are s expensive t make, but when it cmes t search and rescue, they’re priceless.
Frm far away, a hvercraft lks like a nrmal bat. But if yu lk under its skirt, the craft is nt tuching the water — it flats n a cushin f air. That cushin allws us t travel ver everything frm water t muddy land — and even break thrugh ice. We d all f that as a 70-tnne machine, ging a maximum f nearly 120 kilmeters per hur. These features allw us t rescue a large number f peple quickly get nt land, and get smene int an ambulance far easier than with any ther device I can think f.
The advantages f hvercraft can als make them difficult t handle. We’ve gt a massive vehicle mving fast, smetimes in a thick fg bank up a narrw river. During assignments n ther cast guard ships, I had 20 minutes t make alteratins t avid a crash. In a hvercraft, I have 10 secnds. Yu have t have enugh situatinal awareness t make the right decisin every time.
Peple call us fr all srts f prblems: missing divers, n-bard fires, r even when they’ve run ut f fuel r had a mechanical breakdwn. A cntainer ship culd burst int flames. We have a strng netwrk here at the base t help everyne thrugh difficult situatins like that. Thankfully, we have captains wh train us in a safe envirnment, but yu dn’t ever get fully cmfrtable. Anything can thrw the hvercraft ff — maybe yur lift settings are ff a little, r the wind blws with a bit f extra weight. After several years perating a hvercraft, I’m still learning. Every ne f the captains here agrees: yu can drive this thing fr 20 years and still be surprised.
8．What makes hvercraft unsuitable fr cmmercial use?
A．Their safety risks.B．Their pr durability.C．Their lw efficiency.D．Their prductin csts.
9．What is paragraph 2 mainly abut?
A．Hw a hvercraft wrks.B．What cmprises a hvercraft.
C．What distinguishes a hvercraft.D．Hw a hvercraft helps victims.
10．What challenge d hvercraft pse t the pilt?
A．They have t make faster respnses.
B．They ften face mechanical breakdwns.
C．They need mre peple fr decisin making.
D．They must cnsider the envirnmental cncerns.
11．What des the authr think f perating a hvercraft?
A．Dull.B．Demanding.C．Enjyable.D．Effrtless.
When caught in the rain, we have all run fr cver — ften t a nearby tree. On the way, we step ver shrt-lived puddles and hastily-frmed streams, surprised at hw quickly the sil changes frm supprtive and predictable t untrustwrthy: slippery, sft, and spngy. At first chance we tend t flee, skipping further bservatin.
Given that direct bservatins are ften impracticable, remte bservatin systems are crucial fr capturing phenmena that are frequent and unpredictable. Hwever, the Bimbache cmmunity f ElHierr bserved water running dwn tree bark during fg events and captured it fr drinking, washing and agriculture many years ag. If mre cntemprary hydrlgists (水文学家) had watched fg by trees, frest managers might nt have lgged (伐木) the Bull Run Watershed, which reduced lcal rainfall by 30% in 1982.
Water science faces criticism because f a “techn ptimism that tries t slve all prblems”. In fact, this issue extends beynd water science. An interdisciplinary research team led by Jhn T. VanStan frm Cleveland State University argues that scientists shuld g beynd the labratry t directly bserve weather phenmena. The researchers insist that hands-n bservatin f strm events is crucial fr cmprehending the cmplexities f wet weather.
“Natural scientists seem increasingly cntent t stay dry and rely n remte sensrs and samplers, mdels, and virtual experiments t understand natural systems. Cnsequently, we can miss imprtant strmy phenmena, imaginative inspiratins, and pprtunities t build intuitin (直觉) — all f which are critical t scientific prgress,” said Van Stan’s team.
This type f “umbrella science”, they warn, can miss imprtant lcalized events. Fr instance, in describing rainwater’s flw frm the frest treetps t the sils, the authrs nte that “if several branches efficiently capture and carry strm water t the stem, rainwater inputs t near-stem sils can be mre than100 times greater.” Likewise, water vapr (水蒸气) cluds trapped beneath frest treetp cvers may escape remte detectin, yet be sensitive t scientists n the grund. At the brader scale, these versights can affect Grund Earth systems mdels, which ften underestimate frest treetp water strage.
Direct bservatin, hwever, has gne beynd making up fr the shrtcmings f “umbrella science.” Van Stan and clleagues see cre value in firsthand strm experiences — nt nly fr natural scientists, but als fr students studying climate change impacts n ecsystems.
12．Hw d peple tend t react t rain?
A．In a defensive manner.B．In a scientific manner.
C．With a wait-and-see attitude.D．With an bservatin- based attitude.
13．Why are the examples in paragraph 2 used?
A．T argue that direct bservatins are unachievable.
B．T prve that distance bservatin systems make sense.
C．T justify direct bservatin that is assumed unwrkable.
D．T jke abut techn ptimism that fails t slve all prblems.
14．What des Van Stan’s research team argue in terms f hands-n bservatin?
A．It is effrtless and precise.B．It is virtual and accepted.
C．It is cmplex yet time- saving.D．It is crucial yet verlked.
15．What des the authr think f the “umbrella science”?
A．It is grundbreaking.B．Its scientific values are nt nticed.
C．It is insufficient t trace eclgical events.D．It invlves research methds acrss disciplines.
Hw t Plitely Cancel Plans Over Text
Yu made plans with friends, but when it’s time t leave the huse, yu just dn’t have the energy. Or, maybe smething else cmes up, and yu can’t make it. 16 But with a few tips, yu can d it plitely.
◆Text them as sn as pssible.
That way, yur friends can rearrange their schedules. If yu knw yu cannt make it, try t text a day ahead f time. Otherwise, yur friends might be annyed abut the incnvenience. If there’s an emergency and yu have t cancel the plan at the last minute, that’s fine. 17
◆Be hnest abut yur situatin.
18 If yu’ve encuntered a change in yur schedule, just tell them what it is. Yur friends will be mre understanding if they can tell yu’re telling the truth. Just say things like: “I ran int an issue at wrk.” r “I’m dealing with sme family prblems.”
◆Ask if yu can reschedule.
Instead f saying “Let’s hang ut sn!”, pick a new time, s yur friends knw that yu’re serius. 19 Try t include this in yur riginal message s they knw what yu’re ding right away, and make sure it’s a plan yu can stick t s yu dn’t have t cancel again.
◆ 20
Add in ne mre nice thing t make a cmpliment (赞美) sandwich. After yu tell yur friends yu have t cancel and aplgize, let them knw hw much yu appreciate them making plans with yu. This will reassure them that yu lve spending time with them, and it can even help yu feel less guilty, t.
A．Start with yur appreciatin.
B．Thank them fr inviting yu ut.
C．Let them knw hw urgent the situatin is.
D．There’s n need t lie abut what’s ging n.
E．It shws that yu aren’t just blwing them ff.
F．Otherwise, yu shuld try t cancel ahead f time.
G．Whatever the case is, cancelling plans can be annying.
二、完形填空
Nt t lng ag, an incident that happened at Walt Disney tuched me greatly. A guest 21 f ur Plynesian Village resrt (度假胜地) at Walt Disney was asked hw she 22 her visit. She tld the frnt-desk clerk she had a (n) 23 vacatin, but was heartbrken abut 24 several rlls f Kdak clr film she had nt yet 25 . At the mment she was particularly 26 ver the lss f the pictures she had sht at ur Plynesian Luau, 27 this was a memry she especially treasured.
Nw, please understand that we have n written service rules 28 lst phts in the park. 29 , the clerk at the frnt desk 30 Disney’s idea f caring fr ur 31 . She asked the wman t leave her a cuple rlls f 32 film, prmising she wuld take care f the rest f ur shw at Plynesian Luau.
Tw weeks later the guest received a 33 at her hme. In it were phts f all the actrs f ur shw, 34 signed by each perfrmer. There were als 35 f the public prcessing (游行队伍) and firewrks in the park, taken by the frnt-desk clerk in her wn 36 after wrk. I happened t knw this 37 because this guest wrte us a letter. She said that 38 in her life had she received such gd service frm any business.
Excellent 39 des nt cme frm plicy handbks. It cmes frm peple wh 40 and frm a culture that encurages and mdels that attitude.
21．A．wrking utB．checking utC．making useD．taking charge
22．A．enjyedB．realizedC．paidD．expected
23．A．uncmfrtableB．wnderfulC．disappintingD．significant
24．A．drppingB．takingC．breakingD．lsing
25．A．develpedB．takenC．ladedD．washed
26．A．sillyB．nervusC．upsetD．calm
27．A．whereB．whenC．asD．which
28．A．keepingB．findingC．makingD．cvering
29．A．ExcitedlyB．SadlyC．FrtunatelyD．Quietly
30．A．understdB．trustedC．remindedD．discvered
31．A．guestsB．wrkersC．managersD．clerks
32．A．printedB．shtC．recrdedD．unused
33．A．filmB．cardC．packetD．camera
34．A．frequentlyB．persnallyC．actuallyD．gently
35．A．rulesB．perfrmancesC．handbksD．pictures
36．A．caseB．wrkC．timeD．psitin
37．A．placeB．stryC．phtD．shw
38．A．nlyB．almstC．neverD．nearly
39．A．adviceB．experienceC．qualityD．service
40．A．serveB．careC．likeD．knw
三、语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
The year 2023 witnessed the significant prtectin plan released fr Beijing’s Central Axis ( 轴 线), 41 (stretch) fr 7.8 kilmeters thrugh the Chinese capital. Wrld-famus landmarks like the Frbidden City, Tian’anmen Square, the Temple f Heaven are lcated alng the central axis, 42 cnstructin began in the Yuan Dynasty (1271-1368) and 43 (last) until the Ming and Qing dynasties.
The prtectin plan fr Beijing’s Central Axis frm 2022 t 2035 was released in January f 2023, marking 44 new stage in its cnservatin, sustainable develpment and applicatin as a UNESCO Wrld Heritage Site.
The plan is said t be ne f the necessary steps fr UNESCO Wrld Heritage status, and 45 (it) release and implementatin (实施) will play an imprtant rle in the prtectin and 46 (manage) f the capital’s central axis.
Alngside regulatins n the prtectin f the Central Axis 47 (carry) ut earlier, the plan is in line with the requirements f Wrld Heritage cnservatin and prvides an effective strategy 48 the cnservatin.
The 21 member cuntries f the Wrld Heritage Cmmittee will decide n whether Beijing’s Central Axis can 49 (add) t the Wrld Heritage List at the cmmittee’s 46th annual cnference in 2024. 50 the applicatin succeeds, it will reinfrce Beijing’s tp psitin amng cities wrldwide by number f Wrld Heritage Sites.
四、改错
51．假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文， 请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误， 每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及修改均仅限一词;
2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Gd mrning, everyne! It is my great hnur t be here t share with yu my pinins n hw t learn well in schl.
Firstly, we shuld learn t learn efficient. Persnally, I used t trying effective methd t achieve my academic gals. Develp a gd habit is als f imprtance. It really benefited me a lt f t preview lessns, get actively invlved in class, and review what have been taught after class. In additin, we shuld learn hw t get alng well with thers peple. In schl, I respected teachers and was friendly with classmates. It was with sincere and faithfulness that we created a harmnius atmsphere. Finally, we shuld take part in sprts and utdr activities frequently, that were really helpful t build up ur bdy and enrich ur schl life.
N pains, n gains. I am sure that with yur great effrts, yu will enjy clrful and meaningful life here.
五、书信写作
52．假定你是高三学生李华，你的好朋友 Mary在来信中谈到她最近参加的志愿者活动，并问及你参与过的一次志愿者活动。请你给她写一封回信，内容包括：
1.该志愿活动的过程；
2.你的活动感受。
注意：1.词数120左右；
2.开头可适当增加细节，使行文连贯。
Dear Mary,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs sincerely,
Li Hua
参考答案：
1．D 2．C 3．B
【分析】本文是应用文。介绍了三个适合孩子们的园艺课程。
1．细节理解题。根据Children's Cmmunity Garden中的“The instructrs als lead games abut nutritin, beetles and butterflies and mre.(教师还组织有关营养、甲虫和蝴蝶等的游戏) ”可知，这个活动适合喜欢昆虫的那些孩子，不同于其他课程。故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据Cppell Cmmunity Garden中的“Kids(aged 6 but nt turning 12 befre Dec.31 this year) with a parent can vlunteer(孩子（6岁——但在今年12月31日前不满12岁）可以有父母陪同来做志愿者)” 可知，这门课程要求孩子的年龄是六到十一岁。故选C。
3．推断判断题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了给不同年龄层次的孩子提供的园艺课程。因此推断文章来自提供学习计划的机构。故选B。
4．D 5．B 6．A 7．C
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了老师Marjrie Hurd如何通过教育和激励，引导作者走向新闻事业，转变了他的人生。
4．词句猜测题。根据划线所在句子的后半句话“but I decided t fllw the prettiest girl in my class(但我决定跟随班上最漂亮的女孩)”可知，对于新转学过来的作者来说，对爱好和俱乐部毫无概念，只是决定跟随班上最漂亮的女孩去做。所以划线所在的句子意为“作者完全不知道爱好和俱乐部是什么”。故选D。
5．细节理解题。根据第三段的“Her intrductin t the literary wealth f Greece gave me a new perspective n my war-trn hmeland, making me prud f my rigins. Her effrts inspired me t understand the lgic and structure f the English language. Owing t her inspiratin, during my next twenty-five years, I became a jurnalist by prfessin.(她对希腊文学财富的介绍让我对饱受战争蹂躏的祖国有了新的认识，让我为自己的出身感到自豪。她的努力激励我理解英语的逻辑和结构。由于她的启发，在接下来的25年里，我成为了一名职业记者)”可知，接触到希腊文学作品使作者对祖国有了不同的看法。故选B。
6．推理判断题。根据第四段“Miss Hurd retired at the age f 62. By then, she had taught fr a ttal f 41 years. Even after her retirement, she cntinually made a prject f unwilling students in whm she spied (发现) a spark f ptential.The students were mainly frm the mst trubled hmes, yet she alternately bullied and charmed them with her wn special brand f tugh lve, until the spark caught fire.(赫德62岁退休。到那时，她已经教了41年书了。即使在退休后，她也不断地让她发现的那些不情愿的学生成为潜在的火花。这些学生主要来自最困难的家庭，但她时而欺负他们，时而用她特有的坚韧之爱迷住他们，直到火花点燃)”可推知，Hurd老师运用了独特的方法来对待这些学生，激发他们内在的潜力。故选A。
7．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“The persn wh set the curse f my life was a schl teacher named Marjrie Hurd. When I stepped ff a ship in New Yrk Harbr in 1949, I was a nine-year-ld war refugee, wh had lst my mther and was cming t live with the father I did nt knw. My mther, Eleni Gatzyiannis, had been imprisned and sht fr sending my sisters and me t freedm.(决定我人生方向的人是一位名叫马乔里·赫德的学校老师。1949年，当我在纽约港下船时，我是一名9岁的战争难民，我失去了母亲，要和我不认识的父亲住在一起。我的母亲Eleni Gatzyiannis因送我和我的姐妹们走向自由而被监禁和枪杀)”可知，本文主要讲述了老师Marjrie Hurd如何通过教育和激励，引导作者走向新闻事业，转变了他的人生。故选C。
8．D 9．C 10．A 11．B
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍作者在海岸警卫队使用气垫船的体验。
8．细节理解题。由文章第一段“They’ve been discntinued in mst cmmercial peratin, because they are s expensive t make, but when it cmes t search and rescue, they’re priceless.(它们在大多数商业运营中都已停产，因为它们的制造成本太高，但在搜救方面，它们是无价的。)”可知，气垫船的生产成本使气垫船不适合商业使用。故选D项。
9．主旨大意题。由文章第二段“Frm far away, a hvercraft lks like a nrmal bat. But if yu lk under its skirt, the craft is nt tuching the water — it flats n a cushin f air. That cushin allws us t travel ver everything frm water t muddy land — and even break thrugh ice. We d all f that as a 70-tnne machine, ging a maximum f nearly 120 kilmeters per hur.(从远处看，气垫船就像一艘普通的船。但如果你从它的裙子下面看，这艘船并没有碰到水——它漂浮在气垫上。这种缓冲垫可以让我们穿越从水到泥泞的土地的一切，甚至可以破冰。我们完成所有这些工作正如一台70吨重的机器那样，最高时速接近120公里。)”以及后文可知，本段主要介绍气垫船的与众不同之处。故选C项。
10．推理判断题。由文章第三段“During assignments n ther cast guard ships, I had 20 minutes t make alteratins t avid a crash. In a hvercraft, I have 10 secnds. Yu have t have enugh situatinal awareness t make the right decisin every time.(在其它海岸警卫队船只上执行任务时，我有20分钟的时间进行改变航线，以避免发生撞击事故。在气垫船上，我有10秒的时间。你必须有足够的情境意识，才能每次都做出正确的决定。)”可知，气垫船驾驶员必须做出更快的反应。故选A项。
11．推理判断题。由文章最后一段“Anything can thrw the hvercraft ff — maybe yur lift settings are ff a little, r the wind blws with a bit f extra weight. After several years perating a hvercraft, I’m still learning. Every ne f the captains here agrees: yu can drive this thing fr 20 years and still be surprised.(任何事情都可能使气垫船偏离——也许你的升力设置有点偏离，或者风吹得有点重。在操作气垫船几年后，我仍在学习。这里的每一位队长都同意：你可以驾驶这辆车20年，但仍然会感到惊讶。)”可知，作者认为操作气垫船是要求很高的。故选B项。
12．A 13．C 14．D 15．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要通过人们躲雨的行为，说明了远程观测系统对于捕捉频繁和不可预测的现象至关重要。进而论证了直接观察对于科学研究的重要作用。
12．细节理解题。根据第一段“When caught in the rain, we have all run fr cver — ften t a nearby tree. On the way, we step ver shrt-lived puddles and hastily-frmed streams, surprised at hw quickly the sil changes frm supprtive and predictable t untrustwrthy: slippery, sft, and spngy. At first chance we tend t flee, skipping further bservatin.(下雨的时候，我们都会跑去躲雨——通常是跑到附近的一棵树上。在路上，我们跨过了短暂的水坑和仓促形成的溪流，惊讶地发现土壤是如此迅速地从支持和可预测变成不可靠：滑，软，海绵状。一有机会，我们往往会逃跑，跳过进一步的观察)”可知，下雨时人们会迅速躲避，以防御、预防的方式对待下雨。故选A。
13．推理判断题。根据第二段“Given that direct bservatins are ften impracticable, remte bservatin systems are crucial fr capturing phenmena that are frequent and unpredictable. Hwever, the Bimbache cmmunity f ElHierr bserved water running dwn tree bark during fg events and captured it fr drinking, washing and agriculture many years ag. If mre cntemprary hydrlgists (水文学家) had watched fg by trees, frest managers might nt have lgged (伐木) the Bull Run Watershed, which reduced lcal rainfall by 30% in 1982.(鉴于直接观测往往不可行，远程观测系统对于捕捉频繁和不可预测的现象至关重要。然而，ElHierr的Bimbache社区在雾事件期间观察到水从树上流下，并在许多年前将其捕获用于饮用，洗涤和农业。如果当时有更多的水文学家观察树木产生的雾气，森林管理者可能就不会砍伐布尔朗流域的树木了，这导致1982年当地降雨量减少了30%)”可知，使用第2段中的例子是为了证明被认为不可行的直接观察是正确的。故选C。
14．细节理解题。根据第三段“The researchers insist that hands-n bservatin f strm events is crucial fr cmprehending the cmplexities f wet weather.(研究人员坚持认为，亲自观察风暴事件对于理解潮湿天气的复杂性至关重要)”以及倒数第三段“Cnsequently, we can miss imprtant strmy phenmena, imaginative inspiratins, and pprtunities t build intuitin (直觉) — all f which are critical t scientific prgress(因此，我们可能会错过重要的风暴现象、富有想象力的灵感和建立直觉的机会——所有这些对科学进步都至关重要)”可知，范斯坦的研究小组发现亲自观察是至关重要的，但被忽视了。故选D。
15．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“This type f “umbrella science”, they warn, can miss imprtant lcalized events.(他们警告说，这种“保护伞科学”可能会错过重要的局部事件)”以及“At the brader scale, these versights can affect Grund Earth systems mdels, which ften underestimate frest treetp water strage.(在更广泛的范围内，这些疏忽可能会影响地面系统模型，这些模型往往低估了森林树梢的储水量)”可知，作者认为“保护伞科学”在追踪生态事件上是不够的。故选C。
16．G 17．F 18．D 19．E 20．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章就如何礼貌地通过短信取消计划给出了一些建议。
16．空处上文“Yu made plans with friends, but when it’s time t leave the huse, yu just dn’t have the energy. Or, maybe smething else cmes up, and yu can’t make it.(你和朋友制定了计划，但当要离开家的时候，你就是没有精力。或者，可能有其他事情发生，而你无法做到。)”提到了一些你需要取消计划的情况，空处下文“But with a few tips, yu can d it plitely.(但只要有一些小技巧，你就可以礼貌地做到这一点。)”提到有一些小技巧可以帮助有礼貌地取消计划。由此可知，本空应是承上启下句，指出计划取消可能会给人带来困扰，进而引出下文对于“礼貌地取消计划的方法”的介绍，G项“Whatever the case is, cancelling plans can be annying.(不管是什么情况，取消计划都很烦人。)”说明取消计划会很烦人，承上启下，其中的the case指的是上文提到的情况，因此G选项符合语境。故选G。
17．根据本段的主旨句“◆Text them as sn as pssible.(尽快给他们发短信。)”可知，本段提出的建议是“尽快给他们发短信”，根据空处上文“That way, yur friends can rearrange their schedules.(这样，你的朋友可以重新安排他们的日程。)”和“If there’s an emergency and yu have t cancel the plan at the last minute, that’s fine.(如果有紧急情况，你不得不在最后一刻取消计划，那也没关系。)”可知，这样做的目的是让朋友们有时间重新安排日程，以避免给他们带来不便和困扰，除非你有紧急情况，不得不在最后一刻取消安排，否则都应该尽快给朋友发短信。F项“Otherwise, yu shuld try t cancel ahead f time.(否则, 你应该尽量提前取消。)”说明了要尽量提前取消，再次与本段的段落小标题相呼应，其中，ahead f time与the last minute相对应，因此符合语境。故选F。
18．根据本段的主旨句“◆Be hnest abut yur situatin.(诚实面对自己的处境。)”可知，本段提出的建议是“诚实地说明自己的情况”。根据空处下文“If yu’ve encuntered a change in yur schedule, just tell them what it is. Yur friends will be mre understanding if they can tell yu’re telling the truth.(如果你的日程安排发生了变化，直接告诉他们是什么。如果你的朋友知道你说的是实话，他们会更加理解你。)”可知，如果你的日程发生了变化，只需告诉朋友实情，这样能够建立更好的信任关系，并且朋友会更理解你的决定。D 项“There’s n need t lie abut what’s ging n.(没有必要对正在发生的事情撒谎。)”说明了要说出实情，符合此处的语境，选项中的lie abut what’s ging n与上文中的telling the truth相呼应。故选D。
19．根据本段的主旨句“◆Ask if yu can reschedule.(询问是否可以重新安排时间。)”可知，本段提出的建议是“询问你们是否可以重新约时间”。根据空处上文“Instead f saying “Let’s hang ut sn!”, pick a new time, s yur friends knw that yu’re serius.(与其说“我们快点出去玩吧!”，选择一个新的时间，这样你的朋友就知道你是认真的。)”可知，询问朋友是否可以重新约时间可以显示出自己的诚意和重视，且有助于朋友建立朋友对你的信任，并使他们更愿意与你重新安排时间。E 项“It shws that yu aren’t just blwing them ff.(这表明你并不只是敷衍他们。)”说明了重新约时间表明你没有敷衍他们，而是认真的，因此承接上文，符合语境。故选E。
20．空处为段落小标题。根据下文中的“let them knw hw much yu appreciate them making plans with yu. This will reassure them that yu lve spending time with them, and it can even help yu feel less guilty, t.(让他们知道你有多感激他们和你一起制定计划。这会让他们放心，你喜欢和他们在一起，这甚至可以帮助你减少罪恶感。)”可知，本段的建议是，在告诉朋友你需要取消计划并道歉之后，你要向朋友表达感谢，B项“Thank them fr inviting yu ut.(谢谢他们邀请你外出。)”说明了要对朋友表示感激，能够准确地表达本段的观点，因此可作为本段小标题。故选B。
21．B 22．A 23．B 24．D 25．A 26．C 27．C 28．D 29．C 30．A 31．A 32．D 33．C 34．B 35．D 36．C 37．B 38．C 39．D 40．B
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了一名迪士尼员工为游客提供优质服务的感人经历。
21．考查动词短语辨析。句意：一位客人在华特迪士尼的波利尼西亚乡村度假胜地退房时，被问及她对这次游览有何感想。A. wrking ut锻炼；B. checking ut退房；C. making use使用；D. taking charge负责。根据下文“this was a memry she especially treasured”以及“Tw weeks later the guest received a ____13____ at her hme.”可知，访问结束时，客人会进行退房。故选B。
22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一位客人在华特迪士尼的波利尼西亚乡村度假胜地退房时，被问及她对这次游览有何感想。A. enjyed享受；B. realized意识到；C. paid支付；D. expected期待。根据上文的A guest可知，作为客人，在她离开度假村时，被员工询问是否享受了这次假期。故选A。
23．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她告诉前台接待员度过了美好的假期，但因丢失尚未冲洗的几卷柯达胶卷而伤心。A. uncmfrtable不舒服的；B. wnderful美妙的；C. disappinting令人失望的；D. significant重要的。根据后面的转折连词but以及下文“this was a memry she especially treasured”可知，她在这里度过了愉快且美妙的假期。故选B。
24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她告诉前台接待员度过了美好的假期，但因丢失尚未冲洗的几卷柯达胶卷而伤心。A. drpping掉落；B. taking拿走，拍摄；C. breaking打破；D. lsing丢失。根据空前的heartbrken以及下文中的“lst phts in the park”可知，这位客人因丢失胶卷而伤心。故选D。
25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她告诉前台接待员度过了美好的假期，但因丢失尚未冲洗的几卷柯达胶卷而伤心。A. develped冲洗；B. taken拍摄；C. laded装载；D. washed洗。根据空前的“several rlls f Kdak clr film she had nt yet”可知，此处指尚未冲洗的照片胶卷。故选A。
26．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：此刻，她对在我们波利尼西亚卢拍摄的照片丢失感到特别难过，因为这是她特别珍视的回忆。A. silly愚蠢的；B. nervus紧张的；C. upset难过的；D. calm冷静的。根据上文“but was heartbrken abut ____4____ several rlls f Kdak clr film she had nt yet ____5____.”可知，她丢失了未冲洗的胶卷，也就意味着对丢失了她美好的回忆，所以客人感觉有点难过。故选C。
27．考查原因状语从句。句意：此刻，她对在我们波利尼西亚卢拍摄的照片丢失感到特别难过，因为这是她特别珍视的回忆。A. where哪里；B. when何时；C. as因为；D. which哪一个。根据空后“this was a memry she especially treasured”可知，她丢掉胶卷难过的原因是这是她特别珍视的回忆，所以前后为因果关系，as引导原因状语从句。故选C。
28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在，请理解我们并没有关于公园内遗失照片的服务规则。A. keeping保存；B. finding查找；C. making制作；D. cvering包含。根据空前“we have n written service rules”可知，现在公园内没有包括处理丢失照片的服务规则。故选D。
29．考查副词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，这名前台接待员理解迪士尼对待客人的理念。A. Excitedly兴奋地；B. Sadly遗憾地；C. Frtunately幸运地；D. Quietly安静地。根据下文“prmising she wuld take care f the rest f ur shw at Plynesian Luau”可知，这里在员工采取了积极的行为，所以这是幸运的事。故选C。
30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，这名前台接待员理解迪士尼对待客人的理念。A. understd理解；B. trusted信任；C. reminded提醒；D. discvered发现。根据下文“prmising she wuld take care f the rest f ur shw at Plynesian Luau”可知，这位员工理解迪士尼对待客人的理念，所以采取了相应行动。故选A。
31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，这名前台接待员理解迪士尼对待客人的理念。A. guests客人；B. wrkers工人；C. managers经理；D. clerks店员。根据上文A guest以及下文“She asked the wman t leave her a cuple rlls f ____12____ film, prmising she wuld take care f the rest f ur shw at Plynesian Luau.”可知，这位女士是迪士尼的一名客人，所以此处指前台接待员理解迪士尼对待客人的理念。故选A。
32．查形容词词义辨析。句意：她请这位女士留下几卷未使用的胶卷，并承诺会帮她拍下我们波利尼西亚卢奥舞会的其余部分。A. printed已打印的；B. sht已拍摄的；C. recrded已记录的；D. unused未使用的。根据上文“but was heartbrken abut ____4____ several rlls f Kdak clr film she had nt yet ____5____”以及下文“In it were phts f all the actrs f ur shw”可知，这位客人丢失了一卷未冲洗的胶卷，所以此处是请求她留下未使用的胶卷，来为她拍摄照片。故选D。
33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：两周后，客人在家里收到了一个包裹。A. film胶卷；B. card卡片；C. packet包裹；D. camera相机。根据下文“In it were phts f all the actrs f ur shw,____14____ signed by each perfrmer. There were als ____15____ f the public prcessing (游行队伍) and firewrks in the park, taken by the frnt-desk clerk in her wn ____16____ after wrk.”可知，这位客人两周后收到一个包裹，里面是一些照片。故选C。
34．考查副词词义辨析。句意：里面装有我们演出的所有演员的照片，并且每一张都有演员的亲笔签名。A. frequently常常；B. persnally亲自地；C. actually实际上；D. gently轻轻地。根据空后“signed by each perfrmer”可知，此处代指表演者的亲笔签名。故选B。
35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：还有一些照片是前台服务员在下班后亲自拍摄的游行队伍和公园里的烟花表演。A. rules规则；B. perfrmances表演；C. handbks手册；D. pictures照片。根据下文“taken by the frnt-desk clerk”可知，包裹里还有一些前台服务员亲自拍摄的照片。故选D。
36．考查名词词义辨析。句意：还有一些照片是前台服务员在下班后亲自拍摄的游行队伍和公园里的烟花表演。A. case情况；B. wrk工作；C. time时间；D. psitin职位。根据空后“after wrk”可知，下班后属于自己的私人时间。故选C。
37．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我恰好知道这个故事是因为这位客人给我们写了一封信。A. place地方；B. stry故事；C. pht照片；D. shw表演。根据下文“She said that ____18____ in her life had she received such gd service frm any business.”可知，这位客人给作者写信告诉了他这件事，所以此处指他知道这个故事是因为一封信。故选B。
38．考查副词词义辨析。句意：她说在她的生活中从未有哪个企业能提供如此好的服务。A. nly只有；B. almst几乎；C. never从未；D. nearly几乎。根据空后“she received such gd service frm any business.”可知，这位客人在信中说她在生活中从未享受过这样服务，此处强调从未得到过的服务。故选C。
39．考查名词词义辨析。句意：优质的服务不是来自于政策手册。A. advice建议；B. experience经验；C. quality质量；D. service服务。根据上文“she received such gd service frm any business”可知，这里指优质的服务不是来自政策手册。故选D。
40．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它是来自于关心他人的人们以及鼓励并展示这种态度的文化。A. serve服务；B. care关心；C. like喜欢；D. knw知道。根据后文“and frm a culture that encurages and mdels that attitude”和全文语境可知，员工用自己的行动关心每一位客人，让客人感受到了良好的服务。故选B。
41．stretching 42．whse 43．lasted 44．a 45．its 46．management 47．carried 48．fr 49．be added 50．If
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍北京中轴线的相关情况。
41． 考查非谓语动词。句意：2023年，北京中轴线发布了一项重要的保护计划，全长7.8公里。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查非谓语，动词stretch是被修饰的名词Beijing’s Central Axis主动发出的动作，用现在分词形式，表示主动。故填stretching。
42．考查定语从句。句意：紫禁城、天安门广场、天坛等世界著名地标位于中轴线沿线，它始建于元代，一直延续到明清时期。根据句子结构和意思可知，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是the central axis，关系词替代先行词在从句中作定语，修饰后面的名词cnstructin，用关系代词whse引导。故填whse。
43．考查动词时态。句意：见第2题详解。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里应填谓语动词，cnstructin与last为主动关系，这句话描述的是过去的事情，谓语用一般过去时。故填lasted。
44．考查冠词。句意：北京中轴线2022年至2035年保护规划于2023年1月发布，标志着北京中轴线保护、可持续发展和申报联合国教科文组织世界遗产进入一个新阶段。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里需要不定冠词，表示泛指，“一个”的意思，修饰后面的名词stage，new以辅音音素开头，应用a。故填a。
45．考查代词。句意：该计划被认为是获得联合国教科文组织世界遗产地位的必要步骤之一，其发布和实施将对首都中轴线的保护和管理发挥重要作用。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里需要形容词性物主代词，修饰后面的名词短语release and implementatin。故填its。
46．考查名词。句意：见第5题详解。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里需要名词，作介词in的宾语，management表“管理”，为不可数名词，符合句意。故填management。
47．考查非谓语动词。句意：除了早先实施的中轴线保护条例外，该计划符合世界遗产保护的要求，并为保护提供了有效的战略。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查非谓语，这里的动词短语carry ut和被修饰的名词regulatins是逻辑上的动宾关系，用过去分词形式，表示被动，作后置定语。故填carried。
48．考查介词短语。句意：见第7题详解。分析句子可知，这里考查prvide sth fr sb表“为某人提供某物”，为固定搭配。故填fr。
49． 考查动词语态。句意：世界遗产委员会的21个成员国将在2024年的第46届年会上决定是否将北京中轴线列入世界遗产名录。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查谓语，动词短语add t和句子主语Beijing’s Central Axis是动宾关系，要用被动语态结构，空格前面是情态动词can，后面用动词原形。故填be added。
50．考查状语从句。句意：如果申请成功，北京的世界遗产数量将在全球城市中名列前茅。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查条件状语从句，if表“如果”，符合句意，且句首时首字母应大写。故填If。
51．1 efficient→efficiently 2 trying→try 3 methd→methds 4 Develp→Develping 5 lt后f删掉 6 have→had 7 thers→ther 8 sincere→sincerity 9 that→which 10 enjy后加a
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了在学校中如何有效学习、与人相处及丰富生活的方法。
【详解】1.考查副词。句意：首先，我们应该学会高效学习。需要用副词修饰动词learn，efficient为形容词，其副词形式为efficiently“高效地”。故将efficient改成efficiently。
2.考查固定搭配。句意：就我个人而言，我过去常常尝试有效的方法来实现我的学术目标。used t d sth.“过去常常做某事”。故将trying改成try。
3.考查名词复数。句意：就我个人而言，我过去常常尝试有效的方法来实现我的学术目标。句中的methd为可数名词“方法”。此处需要该词的复数形式表示泛指。故将methd改成methds。
4.考查动名词。句意：养成好习惯也很重要。本句话需要动名词作主语。故将Develp改成Develping。
5.考查固定搭配。句意：预习课程、积极参与课堂、课后复习所教内容对我真的很有帮助。a lt f“许多”，后面接名词。此处需要修饰动词benefited，所以将f去掉，变成a lt。故将f去掉。
6.考查时态。句意：预习课程、积极参与课堂、课后复习所教内容对我真的很有帮助。review后面接what引导的宾语从句。根据主句中的谓语动词benefited可知，主句为一般过去时态，宾语从句中的动作发生在主句动作之前，所以用过去完成时态，表示过去的过去。故将have变成had。
7.考查形容词。句意：此外，我们应该学会如何与他人相处融洽。thers为代词“其他人”，后面不接名词，单独使用。此处需要形容词ther“其他的”，修饰后面的名词peple。故将thers改成ther。
8.考查名词。句意：我们以真诚和忠诚创造了和谐的氛围。with后面接名词作宾语。sincere为形容词，其名词形式为sincerity“真诚”，和faithfulness并列作宾语。故将sincere改成sincerity。
9.考查定语从句。句意：最后，我们应该经常参加体育运动和户外活动，这确实有助于锻炼我们的身体，丰富我们的学校生活。本句话的逗号后面为定语从句。所以此处为非限定性定语从句，修饰前面的一整句，关系词在定语从句中作主语，只能用关系代词which引导该从句。故将that改成which。
10.考查冠词。句意：我相信，在你的努力下，你会在这里享受丰富多彩、有意义的生活。enjy a clrful and meaningful life“享受丰富多彩、有意义的生活”。故在enjy后加a。
52．Dear Mary,
Delighted t knw that yu enjyed yur vlunteer activity a lt, I am writing t share with yu what I cntributed t my cmmunity.
During the Spring Festival, I applied t assist passengers in the railway statin with my classmates. Arranged t different psitins, we were engaged in helping them have their tickets and luggage checked thrugh the security check prt. When necessary, I als lent a hand t thse wh have difficulty carrying their luggage dwn the steps t the parking lt.
With my service finished, I felt exhausted but extremely satisfied. It was the smile n the passengers’ faces and my heartfelt happiness that made this experience wrthwhile.
Lking frward t mre f yur stries. Best wishes!
Yurs sincerely,
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给好朋友 Mary回信，分享自己最近参加的志愿者活动。
【详解】1.词汇积累
高兴的：delighted→glad
做某事有困难：have difficulty ding sth.→have truble ding sth.
疲惫：exhausted→tired
满足的：satisfied→cntent
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：With my service finished, I felt exhausted but extremely satisfied.
拓展句：After my service was finished, I felt exhausted but extremely satisfied.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Delighted t knw that yu enjyed yur vlunteer activity a lt, I am writing t share with yu what I cntributed t my cmmunity. (运用了that引导宾语从句)
[高分句型2] When necessary, I als lent a hand t thse wh have difficulty carrying their luggage dwn the steps t the parking lt. (运用了wh引导定语从句)
题号
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
答案
D
C
B
D
B
A
C
D
C
A
题号
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
答案
B
A
C
D
C
G
F
D
E
B
题号
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
答案
B
A
B
D
A
C
C
D
C
A
题号
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
答案
A
D
C
B
D
C
B
C
D
B
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