四川省绵阳南山中学2022-2023学年高三上学期二诊热身考试（2）英语试题含答案

这是一份四川省绵阳南山中学2022-2023学年高三上学期二诊热身考试（2）英语试题含答案，共24页。试卷主要包含了 What are Dr等内容，欢迎下载使用。

四川省绵阳南山中学2022-2023学年高三上学期二诊热身考试（2）英语试题
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________

第一部分、阅读理解
A lover of hiking? Then you must know the best hiking trails in some states.
Alaska: Winner Greek Trail
This northern state has many choices for hikes, and the family-friendly Winner Greek Trail pleases everyone who visits. Located 45 minutes south of Anchorage, the most popular part is Lower Winner Creek, a bike-friendly path through Alaska’s rainforest setting.
Arkansas: Lost Valley in the Buffalo River Wilderness District
You’ll see lots of pretty sights on the journey through Lost Valley in the Buffalo River Wilderness District. It’s a journey just over two miles round-trip, which means you can bring the entire family with you, plus, the first half-mile is wheelchair accessible.
Connecticut: Hike to Gillette Castle in Gillette Castle State Park
Just visiting Gillette Castle State Park, you’ll see pretty views of the Connecticut River. But following the 1.3-mile path to the medieval-looking stone castle, you’ll get to see the former home of actor William Gillette. A steam train and riverboat might also pass by as you hang around the area — riding them is a must for most visitors.
Hawaii: Makapuu Lighthouse Trail
This ocean-view state has some of the most amazing hikes in the country. But if we had to pick just one, on Hawaii’s most popular island, Oahu, the Makapu Lighthouse Trail would be it. On a two-mile trip, you’ll see wonderful sights of the island’s southeastern coastline, including the Makapuu Lighthouse with an eye-catching red roof.
1. What do Winner Greek Trail and Lost Valley in the Buffalo River Wilderness District have in common?
A. They are both wheelchair accessible. B. They both have bike-friendly paths.
C. They are both suitable for family hikes. D. They are both famous for rainforest views.
2. What can hikers do during the visit to Gillette Castle State Park?
A. Enjoy lake views. B. Visit a stone castle. C. Meet famous actors. D. Get into a lighthouse.
3. Someone who is fond of ocean views will probably go to ________.
A. Lost Valley B. Gillette Castle C. Winner Greek Trail D. Makapuu Lighthouse Trail

When I was seven, my family and I were coming back from a T-ball game. In our driveway, we spotted two adult geese and a small gosling. The adults were frightened by our return and flew away, but their baby was still too young to fly and couldn’t follow.
Hours passed and night fell. The tiny little thing was wandering around our yard, unaware of what could happen, and it was clear that the gosling needed protection, warmth and food to make it to the morning. At that point, we had to bring him into our backyard.
We all pretty much slept with one eye open for several days. Each morning, we would try to rush the goose over to his parents, who kept coming back to our yard. He wouldn’t go to them, though, and they wouldn’t come close enough to claim him. The young goose had clearly decided we were his new family, and my twin sister Joanna called the little guy Peeper.
Almost a year passed and we settled into a routine filled with feathery hugs and company. One evening my uncle came over, and my dad threw Peeper up into the air to show he could fly around the house, but this time, Peeper just flew off. Everyone was very sad. Twenty years passed, and Peeper became a fond memory for my family.
In 2019, an aging adult goose made his way back to my home. At first, I assumed it was just another Canada goose. After two weeks of the goose coming back repeatedly, it became clear to me that this wasn’t a random goose. He did all of the same things Peeper used to, like trying to come in through the front door and sleeping in our enclosed pool area. Besides, this goose responded to the name Peeper. Much to my amazement, my old best friend had returned, 20 years later.
4. Why did the author bring the little goose home that night?
A. It couldn’t find its parents.
B. It was too fragile to survive.
C. It wanted to stay in the yard.
D. It enjoyed the author’s company.
5. What does the underlined word “claim” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Get.
B. Forgive.
C. Challenge.
D. Annoy.
6. What can we infer about the author from the text?
A. She named the goose Peeper.
B. She set Peeper free on purpose.
C. She had a deep feeling to Peeper.
D. She trained the goose to fly daily.
7. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
A. A Feathered Family Member
B. The Return of a Long Lost Friend
C. The Reunion of a Goose Family
D. An Adventurous Journey Home

Beautiful coral reefs(珊瑚礁) in Thai seas have been gradually worsening due to global warming that causes coral bleaching, in addition to certain human activities without proper control and environmental consciousness. Recently, researchers from Thai university Chulalongkom have created 3D-printed coral reefs modeled on the nature of real corals called Innovareef to accelerate the recovery of the coral reef ecosystem.
Innovareef corals are coated with calcium and phosphate nutrients(钙磷营养物) that corals need to thrive and consist of flat surfaces. The reefs’ holes serve as habitats and hiding places for many sea animals. Artificial reefs also make use of hydrodynamics technology to enhance their resistance to tidal forces and ensure that they stay in place. Finally, the PH(level of acidity) of the selected type of cement used for the reefs is close to that of seawater, and the design concept is that of Lego, easily assembled(组装) and disassembled blocks that are easy to transport and fix.
“The Innovareef is not too large. It’s light-weighted and can be carried by anyone thus saving transportation costs. You can simply put it at any desired location in the sea and then dive down to put all the units together to complete the Innovareef. Not even five minutes afterward, fish and several ocean creatures start to come in to survey and make it their new habitat, leading to biodiversity around the Innovareef. More importantly, the research data indicates that the settlement and growth rates of planula on the Innovareef are better than those on other artificial reefs,” said Associate Professor Dr. Nantarika Chansue at Chulalongkorn University.
Innovareef is the hope for the effective recovery of natural coral reefs. Now the team is focused on adding more details so that the new structures look more like natural reefs. For the future generations of Innovareef, the team will develop a more specific design for each sea species in the area.
8. What function is expected of the Innovareef?
A. To extend the life of corals.
B. To monitor the growth of corals.
C. To help restore natural coral reefs.
D. To protect coral reefs from human destruction.
9. What do we know about the Innovareef from paragraph 2?
A. It is highly resistant to heat.
B. It has low manufacturing costs.
C. It provides rich nutrients for fish.
D. It is portable and easy to assemble.
10. What are Dr. Nantarika Chansue’s words mainly about?
A. The advantages of the Innovareef.
B. The inspiration for the Innovareef.
C. The methods of improving ocean habitats.
D. The importance of protecting biodiversity.
11. What will researchers probably do in the future?
A. Apply the Innovareef on a large scale.
B. Carry out more tests on the Innovareef.
C. Make a specific design of the Innovareef.
D. Conduct further research on natural coral reefs.

A recent study in Japan has revealed that a wearable soft robot, named Relicbo, can improve the experience of patients in medical treatments, such as injections(注射) and other unpleasant therapies. The purpose of the robot is to help ease pain and defend people against anxiety. The study, led by researchers at the University of Tsukuba, was inspired in part by the numerous needles people had to endure while being vaccinated(接种疫苗) against COVID-19. Some people felt an intense dislike for these needles, which led to fewer people getting vaccinated.
The robot is soft and covered in fur. It contains small airbags internally that inflate(膨胀) in response to hand movement. Participants in the study who wore the robot while subjected to a medium heat stimulation, experienced less pain in the test than those who did not wear the robot. The test proved that the pain and anxiety being felt could be reduced sharply by lessening the experience of pain through using the robot.
The research team checked the effectiveness of the wearable robot while being handled by participants under certain conditions, based on the clenching of the hand. The team placed painful heat stimulation on the other arm that was not holding the robot. They then measured cortisol levels from the participants’ saliva samples, suggesting levels of stress hormones. The pain felt by the patients was given specific ratings and was also recorded using an assessment scale. The people in the study were given a survey test to assess their fear of injections before and after the experiment with the wearable robot was completed.
The study proved that holding the robot can case the experience of patients who were receiving injections. The research team hopes to use this study to advance the robot for use during painful situations, such as getting medical shots or similar conditions.
12. What is the function of the robot?
A. To assist doctors in injecting accurately.
B. To help relieve people’s pain from injections.
C. To evaluate patients’ physical and mental health.
D. To assess the effects of getting vaccinated against COVID-19.
13. What does the underlined word “lessening” in paragraph 2 probably mean?
A. Detecting.
B. Increasing.
C. Recording.
D. Decreasing.
14. What is the third paragraph mainly about?
A. Methods of testing the effectiveness of the robot.
B. Reasons for conducting the experiment on the robot.
C. The advantages of the new robot in the medical field.
D. The process of reducing people’s fear of injections.
15. What will researchers probably do next?
A. Evaluate the risk of the robot.
B. Develop other devices for medical treatment.
C. Promote the application of the robot.
D. Carry out more tests on the robot.


二、七选五
Have you ever done something that you didn’t really want to do, just because other people were doing it? ____16____. When we do this, we’re not being true to ourselves.
What is being true to yourself?
Being true to yourself means listening to your own thoughts and feelings. ____17____, then being true to yourself might mean saying no to friends who want you to play. Or if there’s a game that your friends are doing that you don’t enjoy, then being true to yourself might mean doing something else instead. Being true to yourself is when your actions match how you really feel.
____18____
When we keep doing things we don’t like and ignore our thoughts and feelings, it can make us feel uncomfortable, worried or sad. Naomi Richards, a children’s life coach said, “Children need to be aware of who they are. If children have this self-awareness then they are more likely not to compromise when they are with other people. ____19____, and they will have healthy self-esteem.” Self-esteem is how you feel about yourself.
How can I be true to myself?
____20____, and being ok with saying no. Richards explains, “You can be true to yourself by learning how to say ‘no’ and sticking by your beliefs.” However, she adds that being true to yourself is also about being honest with yourself and what you want and need.
A. If you’re free and have nothing to do
B. All of us feel pressure to fit in at times
C. When do you need to be true to yourself?
D. Why is it important to be true to yourself?
E. If you want some time alone, to relax or read a book
F. They won’t be influenced to do things they know are wrong
G. One part of being true to yourself is in how you speak to other people


三、完形填空
Kyle Cassidy and three other members of the Annenberg Running Group were stretching(伸展) on the grounds of the University of Pennsylvania,____21____ a few runners who were left behind. The Penn colleagues and other community members meet three days a week for a roughly 30-minute jog and a ____22____. That’s right — during some runs, one of them delivers a talk: topics ____23____ from the brain to Bitcoin(比特币).
But one day last January, it would not be their ____24____ run. The first evidence that something was off was the man who ____25____ them very quickly. Cassidy ____26____ why the man was so fast when another man ran by, yelling, “Help! He ____27____ my phone and laptop!”
At that, the group did what running clubs do: They ran, ____28____ the suspect down the streets of Philadelphia until he ____29____ into a construction site. The runners ____30____. Cassidy ran ____31____ to the far side of the site to cut the thief off ____32____ the others wandered the neighborhood ____33____ he had thrown the phone and laptop in a backyard.
No luck. So they decided to ask people in the ____34____ whether they’d seen the guy. When they knocked on the door of one row house, they were in for a ____35____. They didn’t know the suspect was ____36____ behind a bush by that very house. As the owner opened the door, the ____37____ rushed out from behind the bush … and right into the ____38____ of the police, who had joined the run shortly behind the runners.
“Running is typically a____39____sport where you turn fat cells into heat,” Cassidy told the Philadelphia Inquirer. “But sometimes it can be useful, and here was one of those ____40____.”
The members of this running group are not hard-core sportsmen. But they do understand the benefit of a little exercise.
21. A. looking after B. waiting for C. thinking about D. picking up
22. A. lecture B. game C. enquiry D. experiment
23. A. increase B. range C. move D. develop
24. A. social B. accidental C. actual D. normal
25. A. ran off B. ran into C. ran past D. ran down
26. A. asked B. explained C. discovered D. wondered
27. A. took B. used C. broke D. sold
28. A. cornering B. leading C. following D. driving
29. A. stepped B. slid C. marched D. disappeared
30. A. got up B. split up C. showed up D. caught up
31. A. around B. back C. out D. away
32. A. while B. because C. unless D. though
33. A. realizing B. remembering C. suggesting D. hoping
34. A. group B. university C. neighborhood D. station
35. A. relief B. surprise C. success D. break
36. A. working B. running C. wandering D. hiding
37. A. suspect B. police C. colleague D. member
38. A. traps B. camps C. cars D. arms
39. A. selfless B. useless C. careless D. endless
40. A. choices B. conclusions C. chances D. decisions


语法填空
Huang He or The Yellow River, flowing through nine provinces, is the second longest river in China. It is also the sixth longest in the world at the estimated ____41____ (long) of 5, 464 kilometers. The river takes on a distinctive yellow color. That's ____42____ it collects much silt(泥沙) and dust from the environment.
The Yellow River is called “the cradle(摇篮) of Chinese civilization” as ____43____ (it) basin — the Wei valley — was the birthplace of ancient Chinese civilizations and the most prosperous(繁荣的) region in early Chinese history. Both the river and the people along its shores have shaped each other ____44____ (deep).
Whether you’re a history fan or not, the river is ____45____ (fascinate).
Originating in the Bayan Har Mountains in Qinghai Province in western China, it flows ____46____ nine provinces of China and runs into the Bohai Sea. The Yellow River basin has ____47____ east-west extent of 1900 km and a north-south extent of 1100 km. Its total basin area is 742,443km². Two of the most popular spots ____48____ (visit) are the Hukou Falls and the Silk Road Crossing at Lanzhou.
The Yellow River used to be called “China’s Sorrow” because of the frequent floods hitting. In 1955, Chinese government ____49____ (develop) a plan to control flooding. Since 1960, tens of thousands of trees _____50_____ (plant) along the banks.


五、短文改错
It was Sunday. I was doing housework while someone knocked at the door. It was a milkman who send a bottle of milk. But I didn’t order them. Feeling confused, I noticed a note sticking to it. The note said “Dear neighbor, I’m sorry about a noise made by our decoration that will last for three days. The bottle of milk is given to you as a gift show our apology.”
The next day, everyone in the neighborhood were talking about the milk and our coming neighbor. With the decoration being finished, the family finally moved into the neighborhood. People came to help. I was extreme touched by this scene which was full in consideration and appreciation.

书面表达
假设你是李华，你的英国网友David来信说他最近因经常感冒而苦恼，请你给他回一封信，包括以下要点：
1、表示关心。
2、提出防感冒的建议（至少两条）。
3、表达祝愿。
注意：1、词数100词左右。
2、可适当添加细节，使行文连贯。
Dear David,
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua

################################
1. C    2. B    3. D
这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个徒步路线的情况。
1. 细节理解题。根据Alaska: Winner Greek Trail部分中“This northern state has many choices for hikes, and the family-friendly Winner Greek Trail pleases everyone who visits.（这个北部的州有很多徒步旅行的选择，适合全家出游的Winner Greek Trail让每个来此游玩的人都很满意）”以及Arkansas: Lost Valley in the Buffalo River Wilderness District部分中“It’s a journey just over two miles round-trip, which means you can bring the entire family with you, plus, the first half-mile is wheelchair accessible.（往返路程只有两英里多一点，这意味着你可以带着全家人一起去，另外，前半英里可以坐轮椅）”可知，Winner Greek Trail和Buffalo River Wilderness District的Lost Valley的共同之处是都适合家庭远足。故选C。
2. 细节理解题。根据Connecticut: Hike to Gillette Castle in Gillette Castle State Park部分中“But following the 1.3-mile path to the medieval-looking stone castle, you’ll get to see the former home of actor William Gillette.（但沿着1.3英里的小路来到这座中世纪风格的石头城堡，你会看到演员William Gillette的故居）”可知，在参观Gillette Castle State Park期间，徒步旅行者可以参观一座石头城堡。故选B。
3. 细节理解题。根据Hawaii: Makapuu Lighthouse Trail部分中“This ocean-view state has some of the most amazing hikes in the country. But if we had to pick just one, on Hawaii’s most popular island, Oahu, the Makapu Lighthouse Trail would be it. On a two-mile trip, you’ll see wonderful sights of the island’s southeastern coastline, including the Makapuu Lighthouse with an eye-catching red roof.（这个海景州有一些全国最令人惊叹的徒步旅行。但如果我们必须选择一个，在夏威夷最受欢迎的瓦胡岛，马卡普灯塔小径会是它。在两英里的旅程中，你将看到该岛东南海岸线的美妙景色，包括醒目的红色屋顶的马卡普灯塔）”可知，喜欢海景的人可能会去Makapuu Lighthouse Trail。故选D。
4. B    5. A    6. C    7. B
本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是作者小时候和父母捡到了一只鹅，把它带回家养大，有一天飞走了，但是20年后这只鹅又回到了作者家里的故事。
4. 细节理解题。根据第二段“The tiny little thing was wandering around our yard, unaware of what could happen, and it was clear that the gosling needed protection, warmth and food to make it to the morning. At that point, we had to bring him into our backyard.（这只小东西在我们的院子里转悠，不知道会发生什么，很明显，这只小鹅需要保护、温暖和食物才能活到早晨。那时，我们不得不把它带到我们的后院）”可知，这只小鹅太脆弱了，无法生存，所以作者和家人把它带回家养。故选B项。
5. 词句猜测题。根据划线词前“He wouldn’t go to them, though, and they wouldn’t come close enough（不过，他不会去找它们，它们也不会走得太近）”可知，它们离得不够近，应该是无法“接近”它。由此推知，划线词claim此处表示“接近”，结合选项可知，get与claim意思相近。故选A项。
6. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“One evening my uncle came over, and my dad threw Peeper up into the air to show he could fly around the house, but this time, Peeper just flew off. Everyone was very sad. Twenty years passed, and Peeper became a fond memory for my family.（一天晚上，我的叔叔过来了，我的爸爸把Peeper扔到空中，想让他在家里飞一圈，但这次，Peeper却飞走了。大家都很难过。二十年过去了，Peeper成了我家人的美好回忆）”可推知，作者对Peeper有很深的感情。故选C项。
7. 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，作者小时候养了一只大鹅，之后飞走了，结合最后一段“Besides, this goose responded to the name Peeper. Much to my amazement, my old best friend had returned, 20 years later.（此外，这只鹅回应了Peeper这个名字。令我惊讶的是，20年后，我最好的老朋友回来了）”可知，这只大鹅在二十年后回到了作者的家里。由此可知，选项B“失散已久的朋友归来。”适合作本文最佳标题。故选B项。
8. C    9. D    10. A    11. C
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家打印3D珊瑚礁Innovareef来帮助恢复天然珊瑚礁。
8. 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Recently, researchers from Thai university Chulalongkom have created 3D-printed coral reefs modeled on the nature of real corals called Innovareef to accelerate the recovery of the coral reef ecosystem.（最近，泰国朱拉隆科大学的研究人员以真实珊瑚的本质为模型，创建了3D打印的珊瑚礁，称为Innovareef，以加速珊瑚礁生态系统的恢复。）”可知，科学家打印3D珊瑚礁Innovareef的目的是帮助恢复天然珊瑚礁。故选C。
9. 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“Finally, the PH(level of acidity) of the selected type of cement used for the reefs is close to that of seawater, and the design concept is that of Lego, easily assembled(组装) and disassembled blocks that are easy to transport and fix.（最后，选择用于礁石的水泥类型的PH值（酸度水平）接近海水，设计理念是乐高，易于组装和拆卸的积木，便于运输和固定。）”可知，Innovareef携带方便，易于组装。故选D。
10. 推理判断题。根据第三段“The Innovareef is not too large. It’s light-weighted and can be carried by anyone thus saving transportation costs. You can simply put it at any desired location in the sea and then dive down to put all the units together to complete the Innovareef. Not even five minutes afterward, fish and several ocean creatures start to come in to survey and make it their new habitat, leading to biodiversity around the Innovareef. More importantly, the research data indicates that the settlement and growth rates of planula on the Innovareef are better than those on other artificial reefs,（Innovareef并不太大。它很轻，任何人都可以携带，从而节省了运输成本。你可以简单地把它放在海中的任何想要的位置，然后潜到水下，把所有的装置放在一起，就完成了Innovareef。不到五分钟后，鱼类和其他海洋生物就开始来考察，并将其作为新的栖息地，从而形成了Innovareef周围的生物多样性。更重要的是，研究数据表明，浮虱在Innovareef上的沉降和生长速度比其他人工礁要好。）”可知，Nantarika Chansue博士的话是想要告诉我们Innovareef的优点。故选A。
11. 细节理解题。根据最后一段“For the future generations of Innovareef, the team will develop a more specific design for each sea species in the area.（对于未来几代的Innovareef，该团队将为该地区的每一种海洋物种制定更具体的设计。）”可知，科学家在将来会对Innovareef进行具体设计。故选C。
12. B    13. D    14. A    15. C
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了日本的一项最新研究：可穿戴的软体机器人可以帮助减轻痛苦和保护人们免受焦虑。
12. 细节理解题。根据第一段“The purpose of the robot is to help ease pain and defend people against anxiety.（该机器人的目的是帮助减轻疼痛和保护人们免受焦虑）”可知，机器人的功能是帮助人们减轻注射带来的疼痛。故选B项。
13. 词义猜测题。根据文章第二段“The test proved that the pain and anxiety being felt could be reduced sharply（试验证明，疼痛和焦虑感可以大大减轻）”和“the experience of pain（痛苦的体验）”可以推知，此处应该是指“减轻”痛苦的体验，所以推测出画线词是“减轻”的意思。故选D项。
14. 主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“The research team checked the effectiveness of the wearable robot while being handled by participants under certain conditions, based on the clenching of the hand.（研究小组以握紧手的姿势为基础，检查了参与者在特定条件下使用可穿戴机器人时的效果）”可知，本段主要是讲测试机器人有效性的方法。故选A项。
15. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“The research team hopes to use this study to advance the robot for use during painful situations, such as getting medical shots or similar conditions.（研究团队希望通过这项研究来改进机器人在疼痛情况下的使用，例如进行医疗注射或类似情况）”可推知，研究人员下一步可能会促进机器人的应用。故选C项。
16. B    17. E    18. D    19. F    20. G
本文是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了什么是忠于内心，其重要性，以及如何忠于内心。
16. 根据上文“Have you ever done something that you didn’t really want to do, just because other people were doing it?”（你曾经做过一件你不想做的事，只是因为别人在做？）和下文“When we do this, we’re not being true to ourselves.”（当我们这样做的时候，我们并没有对自己诚实。）可知，空处讲的是我们有时候会迫于压力做事情。B. All of us feel pressure to fit in at times.（我们每个人都有适应的压力。）承上启下，故选B。
17. 根据下文“then being true to yourself might mean saying no to friends who want you to play.”（那么，对自己诚实可能意味着拒绝那些想让你玩游戏的朋友。）可知，此空讲的是不想和朋友玩游戏，E. If you want some time alone, to relax or read a book（如果你想一个人呆会儿，放松一下或者读本书）引起下文，符合段意，故选E。
18. 根据下文“When we keep doing things we don’t like and ignore our thoughts and feelings, it can make us feel uncomfortable, worried or sad.”（当我们继续做我们不喜欢的事情，忽视我们的想法和感觉，它会让我们感到不舒服，担心或悲伤。）可知，本段主要讲述对自己诚实的重要性。D. Why is it important to be true to yourself?（为什么对自己诚实很重要？）符合本段主旨，故选D。
19. 根据上文“If children have this self-awareness then they are more likely not to compromise when they are with other people.”（如果孩子有这种自我意识，那么当他们与他人在一起时，他们更有可能不妥协。）可知，下文讲的是孩子的自我意识强。F. They won’t be influenced to do things they know are wrong（他们不会受影响去做他们知道是错的事情）承接上文文意，故选F。
20. 根据小标题“How can I be true to myself?”（我怎么能对自己真实？）可知，本段主要意思是对自己诚实。根据下文“and being ok with saying no.”（也不介意拒绝别人。）可知，此空讲的是对自己诚实的方法。G. One part of being true to yourself is in how you speak to other people（对自己真实的一部分是你对别人说话的方式）承上启下，故选G。

21. B    22. A    23. B    24. D    25. C    26. D    27. A    28. C    29. D    30. B    31. A    32. A    33. D    34. C    35. B    36. D    37. A    38. D    39. B    40. C
这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了Kyle Cassidy和跑步小组的成员在例行跑步中，抓住了一名嫌疑人的故事。
21. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：Kyle Cassidy和安嫩伯格跑步小组的其他三名成员在宾夕法尼亚大学的场地上伸展身体，等待几名被落下的跑步者。A. looking after照顾；B. waiting for等待；C. thinking about思考；D. picking up捡起。根据后文“a few runners who were left behind”可知几名跑步者被落下了，所以在等待他们。故选B。
22. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：宾夕法尼亚大学的同事和其他社区成员每周聚会三天，进行大约30分钟的慢跑和讲座。A. lecture演讲；B. game游戏；C. enquiry询问；D. experiment实验。呼应后文“delivers a talk”指成员会进行讲座。故选A。
23. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：没错，在一些跑步过程中，其中一人会发表演讲：话题从大脑到比特币都有。A. increase增加；B. range变化；C. move移动；D. develop发展。根据后文“from the brain to Bitcoin”指话题的变化，应用range…from…。故选B。
24. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但去年1月的一天，他们的跑步不大寻常。A. social社会的；B. accidental意外的；C. actual实际的；D. normal正常的。根据后文他们追逐嫌疑犯可知这次的跑步不寻常。故选D。
25. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：有个男人从他们身边飞快地跑过，这是第一个证明事情不对劲的证据。A. ran off逃跑；B. ran into遇见；C. ran past跑过；D. ran down撞倒。根据上文“something was off was the man who”以及后文这个男人是嫌疑犯，可知他快速跑过他们身边。故选C。
26. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Cassidy好奇为什么这个人跑得那么快，这时另一个人跑过，喊道：“帮帮忙！他拿走了我的手机和笔记本电脑！”A. asked询问；B. explained解释；C. discovered发现；D. wondered想知道。根据后文“why the man was so fast”可知，Cassidy好奇为什么这个人跑得那么快，故选D。
27. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Cassidy发现了为什么这个人跑得那么快，这时另一个人跑过，喊道：“帮帮忙！他拿走了我的手机和笔记本电脑！”A. took带走；B. used使用；C. broke打破；D. sold出售。根据后文“my phone and laptop”可知这个男人拿走了另一个人的手机和笔记本电脑。故选A。
28. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：于是，这群人做了跑步俱乐部会做的事：他们跟着嫌疑人沿着费城的街道跑，直到他消失在一个建筑工地。A. cornering陷入困境；B. leading带领；C. following跟随；D. driving驾驶。根据后文“the suspect down the streets of Philadelphia”可知这群跑步者选择跟随嫌疑人。故选C。
29. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：于是，这群人做了跑步俱乐部会做的事：他们跟着嫌疑人沿着费城的街道跑，直到他消失在一个建筑工地。A. stepped踏入；B. slid滑动；C. marched前进；D. disappeared消失。根据后文“whether they’d seen the guy”可知这个人不见了，故选D。
30. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：跑步者散开了。A. got up起床；B. split up散开，分裂；C. showed up出现；D. caught up抓起。根据后文的描述“Cassidy ran ____11____ to the far side of the site to cut the thief off ____12____ the others wandered the neighborhood”可知跑步者们分头行动，散开了。故选B。
31. 考查介词词义辨析。句意：Cassidy跑到现场的另一边去截住小偷，而其他人则在附近徘徊，希望他把手机和笔记本电脑扔到了后院。A. around在周围；B. back向后；C. out出去；D. away远离。根据后文“to the far side of the site to cut the thief off”指Cassidy跑到现场的另一边去截住小偷，故选A。
32. 考查连词词义辨析。句意：Cassidy跑到现场的另一边去截住小偷，而其他人则在附近徘徊，希望他把手机和笔记本电脑扔到了后院。A. while当……时候，然而；B. because因为；C. unless除非；D. though虽然。此处指前后文的对比，应用while。故选A。
33. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Cassidy跑到现场的另一边去截住小偷，而其他人则在附近徘徊，希望他把手机和笔记本电脑扔到了后院。A. realizing意识到；B. remembering记得；C. suggesting建议；D. hoping希望。根据后文“he had thrown the phone and laptop in a backyard”可知，其他人则在附近徘徊，希望他把手机和笔记本电脑扔到了后院。故选D。
34. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以他们决定问问附近的人是否见过这个人。A. group队伍；B. university大学；C. neighborhood社区；D. station车站。根据后文“When they knocked on the door of one row house”可知他们在询问附近街区的人，故选C。
35. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当他们敲一排房子的门时，他们大吃一惊。A. relief安慰；B. surprise惊讶；C. success成功；D. break休息。根据后文“behind a bush by that very house”可知，嫌犯就藏在那栋房子旁边的灌木丛后面，这让他们吃惊。故选B。
36. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们不知道嫌犯就藏在那栋房子旁边的灌木丛后面。A. working工作；B. running奔跑；C. wandering漫游；D. hiding隐藏。根据后文“behind a bush by that very house”以及常识，偷了东西的嫌犯就藏在那栋房子旁边的灌木丛后面。故选D。
37. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当店主打开门的时候，嫌疑人从灌木丛后面冲了出来，正好投入了警察的怀抱，警察紧随其后加入了赛跑。A. suspect嫌疑犯；B. police警察；C. colleague同事；D. member成员。上文提到嫌犯就藏在那栋房子旁边的灌木丛后面，所以这里是嫌疑人从灌木丛后面冲了出来，故选A。
38. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当店主打开门的时候，嫌疑人从灌木丛后面冲了出来，正好投入了警察的怀抱，警察紧随其后加入了赛跑。A. traps陷阱；B. camps露营；C. cars汽车；D. arms胳膊。根据后文“of the police, who had joined the run shortly behind the runners”指嫌疑犯从灌木丛后面冲了出来，正好投入了警察的怀抱，故选D。
39. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：卡西迪告诉《费城问询报》：“跑步是一项典型的无用运动，它会把脂肪细胞转化为热量。”A. selfless无私的；B. useless无用的；C. careless粗心的；D. endless无尽的。根据后文“sometimes it can be useful”和表示转折意义的but可知，此处是在说跑步无用，故选B。
40. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但有时它会很有用，这就是其中一个机会。A. choices选择；B. conclusions结论；C. chances机会；D. decisions决定。根据上文“But sometimes it can be useful, and here was one of those”可知这次抓捕嫌疑人的事情就是跑步发挥作用的一次机遇。故选C。

41. length    42. because    43. its    44. deeply    45. fascinating    46. through    47. an    48. to visit    49. developed    50. have been planted
本文是说明文。文章主要介绍中国第二长的河流——黄河。介绍了黄河的地理特性以及它的文化渊源。
41. 考查名词。句意：它也是世界上第六长的，估计长度为5464公里。填空处前有“the estimated（估计的）”形容词结构以及“of”结构，说明填空处需要填一个名词，提示词long是形容词，需要变成名词形式。故填length。
42. 考查表语从句。句意：这是因为它从环境中收集了大量的淤泥和灰尘。填空处前面有be动词，并且后面有“it collects”主谓结构，说明填空处后面有从句，需要填一个连接词，本句与前一句有因果关系，说明黄河河水变黄是有原因的。故填because。
43. 考查代词。句意：黄河被称为“中华文明的摇篮”，因为它的流域——渭河流域——是中国古代文明的发源地，也是中国早期历史上最繁荣的地区。填空处后面出现名词“basin（盆地）”说明填空处需要填写形容词性物主代词，括号中提示词it的形容词性物主代词是its。故填its。
44. 考查副词。句意：这条河和它沿岸的人民彼此深深地影响着。填空处前有谓语动词结构“have shaped（使成形，塑造）”，括号中提示词deep是形容词，修饰动词需要副词形式。故填deeply。
45. 考查非谓语动词。句意：不管你是不是历史迷，这条河都很迷人。括号中提示词fascinate是动词，填空处前面有谓语动词is，这里需要非谓语动词作为表语，表示黄河迷人的特征。故填fascinating。
46. 考查介词。句意：它发源于中国西部青海省的巴彦喀尔山，流经中国九个省份，最后流入渤海。本句填空处前有“flow”表示“流动”，根据句意这里表示黄河流动穿过九个省份，需要介词搭配flow，从而表示穿过的意思。故填through。
47. 考查冠词。句意：黄河流域向西延伸1900公里，向南延伸1100公里。填空处后面出现了名词短语结构“east-west extent（东西向的延伸）”，说明前面需要填写冠词，而“extent”是可数名词单数，并且“east”首字母是元音音素发音。故填an。
48. 考查非谓语动词。句意：最值得参观的两个景点是湖口瀑布和兰州丝绸之路十字路口。填空处前有名词“spots（景点）”，括号提示词visit，表示参观的意思，这里是使用不定式作后置定语对名词进行修饰。故填to visit。
49. 考查动词时态。句意：1955年，中国政府制定了防洪计划。本句缺少谓语动词，因此括号中的提示词要使用谓语动词结构，并且时间提示词“1995年”表示过去时间，因此使用动词一般过去时态。故填developed。
50. 考查动词时态。句意：自1960年以来，沿河岸种植了数万棵树。本句除了填空词以外没有其他动词，说明本句缺少谓语动词，填空词要用谓语结构，而标志词“since”表示自从1960年起至今，要使用现在完成时态。而且主语“tree”与谓语动词有被动关系。故填have been planted。
51. 1. while→when
2. send→sent
3. them→it
4. sticking→stuck
5. a→the
6. 在show前添加to
7. were→was
8. 删除being
9. extreme→extremely
10. in→of
本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者的一位邻居因为考虑到自己装修的噪音会影响大家，给邻居们送牛奶以表歉意的故事。
1. 考查固定句型。句意：有人敲门时，我正在做家务。固定句型be doing sth. when...“正在做某事，就在这时”。故将while改为when。
2. 考查动词时态。句意：是一个送牛奶的人送来了一瓶牛奶。由主句was可知，此处定语从句的谓语动词send需用一般过去时，表示过去发生的事情。故将send改为sent。
3. 考查代词。句意：但我没有点。此处指代前文“a bottle of milk”，应用代词it。故将them改为it。
4. 考查非谓语动词。句意：我感到很困惑，发现上面贴着一张纸条。谓语动词是noticed，此处应用非谓语动词，stick与note是逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语，表被动。故将sticking改为stuck。
5. 考查冠词。句意：纸条上写着：“亲爱的邻居，我很抱歉我们的装修造成的噪音将持续三天。这瓶牛奶是作为礼物送给你的，以表示我们的歉意。”由noise后的定语“made by our decoration”可知，此处特指装修造成的噪音，需用定冠词the。故将a改为the。
6. 考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。本句已有谓语动词give，动词show应该用其非谓语动词形式；结合句意可知，此处作目的状语，应用不定式。故在show前添加to。
7. 考查主谓一致。句意：第二天，附近的每个人都在谈论牛奶和我们即将到来的邻居。结合“The next day”可知句子时态是一般过去时，everyone作主语时，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故将were改为was。
8. 考查非谓语动词。句意：装修完成后，这家人终于搬进了这个社区。根据“the family finally moved into the neighborhood”可知，装修已完成，with的复合结构中应用过去分词，表被动、完成；being done表示正在被做，不符合语境。故删除being。
9. 考查副词。句意：我被这充满了体贴和理解的场景深深地感动了。修饰动词touch需用副词extremely（很，非常）作状语。故将extreme改为extremely。
10. 考查介词。句意：我被这充满了体贴和理解的场景深深地感动了。固定短语be full of“充满”。故将in改为of。
Dear David,
I am so sorry to learn from your letter that your study suffers due to your constant colds. And I’m quite concerned about that and hope you are feeling better now.
I have some suggestions for you to prevent colds. First of all, have a balanced diet, which is vital for your body to function well. The better your body functions, the less likely you are to catch a cold. Besides, keep a positive mind and take regular exercise to guarantee a strong body. And you know a strong body really matters even when exposed to viruses.
I hope my suggestions are helpful to you. Wish you a speedy recovery.
Yours,
Li Hua
本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英国网友David回信，对他经常感冒的苦恼表达关心，并提出建议。
1. 词汇积累
担心：be concerned about→worried about
首先：First of all→To begin with
对……是至关重要的：be vital for→be essential to
另外：Besides→Additionally
2. 句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：I have some suggestions for you to prevent colds.
拓展句：I have some suggestions that can prevent you from colds.
高分句型1：First of all, have a balanced diet, which is vital for your body to function well.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句）
高分句型2：And you know a strong body really matters even when exposed to viruses.（运用了时间状语从句的省略）