外刊改编语法百日填空题Day 9-Day 10 -2025届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项

这是一份外刊改编语法百日填空题Day 9-Day 10 -2025届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项，共9页。

Frm: The Guardian
Anxieties abut children and reading are nt unusual, but news that fewer than half f thse aged between eight and 18 admit t actually enjying it – the _____1_____(lw) level since 2005 – shuld raise a red flag. The survey, cnducted by the Natinal Literacy Trust ahead f Wrld Bk Day last Thursday, als revealed a wrrying picture f grwing inequality.
One in 10 f 3,000 parents and carers interviewed acrss the UK said they were t stressed t read t their child because f ecnmic pressures, dubling t nearly ne in five amng thse wh described themselves as struggling financially. Meanwhile, 20% said they were spending less n bks fr their children as a result f the cst f living crisis, rising t 36% amng thse in financial difficulty.
This gap _____2______(thrw) int sharp relief by sales data fr the last year, released by market analysts Nielsen BkScan, which revealed a 15% increase in the verall number f children’s bks sld cmpared with 2019, thugh that number has fallen back by 1.2% in the first mnths f this year. If prer families are spending less f the £445m invested in children’s reading, it fllws that richer nes must be investing mre.
The Wrld Bk Day survey was nt all dm and glm: it quted gvernment data shwing that reading levels rse slightly in primary schls between 2019 and 2022. But success in getting a child t jump thrugh hps at 10 r 11 is nly a small part f _____3______(equip) that child t becme a happy and willing reader, with all the benefits that reading habits are knwn t bring.
S what is t be dne? At a time f financial stress, libraries have a key rle t play. A welcme sign that they are ding s came with brrwing figures fr last year. Fr the first time in 14 years, a children’s authr – Julia Dnaldsn, _____4______(create) f The Gruffal – tpped the lending charts, with five thers in the tp 10. Libraries are _____5______ children f all ages g t chse bks fr themselves, as ppsed t bkshps, where parental budgets, and tastes, inevitably impinge.
The dminance f Ms Dnaldsn, and her cllabratr Axel Scheffler, was nt due t _____6______ single picture bk. Because they have published s many, they have capitalised n a truism f childhd reading: that nce a child has fallen in lve with a bk, they will devur anything else like it _____7______ is available while the crush lasts.
This is why the brrwable bk is such an imprtant part f the reading eclgy. Yet libraries have lng been in the frntline f cuts t public services, and thse in schls have fared wrst f all. While prisns in the UK are legally bliged _____8______(have) libraries, primary schls are nt. The result, accrding t ne survey, is that ne in seven have n library space at all. This disadvantage is skewed twards the nrth f England, where children’s reading attainment at 10 and 11 is already lwer.
As children’s laureate in 2021, the authr Cressida Cwell wrte an pen letter t the then prime minister, Bris Jhnsn, calling _____9______ a ringfenced annual _____10______(invest) f £100m a year in primary schl libraries. Her demand shuld be taken seriusly, as it directly addresses the needs f children mst badly affected by the cst f living crisis.
原创外刊改编语法填空题打卡Day 9
Children’s reading: a gift that shuld be fr all
Frm: The Guardian
Anxieties abut children and reading are nt unusual, but news that fewer than half f thse aged between eight and 18 admit t actually enjying it – the lwest (lw) level since 2005 – shuld raise a red flag. The survey, cnducted by the Natinal Literacy Trust ahead f Wrld Bk Day last Thursday, als revealed a wrrying picture f grwing inequality.
One in 10 f 3,000 parents and carers interviewed acrss the UK said they were t stressed t read t their child because f ecnmic pressures, dubling t nearly ne in five amng thse wh described themselves as struggling financially. Meanwhile, 20% said they were spending less n bks fr their children as a result f the cst f living crisis, rising t 36% amng thse in financial difficulty.
This gap was thrwn (thrw) int sharp relief by sales data fr the last year, released by market analysts Nielsen BkScan, which revealed a 15% increase in the verall number f children’s bks sld cmpared with 2019, thugh that number has fallen back by 1.2% in the first mnths f this year. If prer families are spending less f the £445m invested in children’s reading, it fllws that richer nes must be investing mre.
The Wrld Bk Day survey was nt all dm and glm: it quted gvernment data shwing that reading levels rse slightly in primary schls between 2019 and 2022. But success in getting a child t jump thrugh hps at 10 r 11 is nly a small part f equipping (equip) that child t becme a happy and willing reader, with all the benefits that reading habits are knwn t bring.
S what is t be dne? At a time f financial stress, libraries have a key rle t play. A welcme sign that they are ding s came with brrwing figures fr last year. Fr the first time in 14 years, a children’s authr – Julia Dnaldsn, creatr (create) f The Gruffal – tpped the lending charts, with five thers in the tp 10. Libraries are where children f all ages g t chse bks fr themselves, as ppsed t bkshps, where parental budgets, and tastes, inevitably impinge.
The dminance f Ms Dnaldsn, and her cllabratr Axel Scheffler, was nt due t a single picture bk. Because they have published s many, they have capitalised n a truism f childhd reading: that nce a child has fallen in lve with a bk, they will devur anything else like it that is available while the crush lasts.
This is why the brrwable bk is such an imprtant part f the reading eclgy. Yet libraries have lng been in the frntline f cuts t public services, and thse in schls have fared wrst f all. While prisns in the UK are legally bliged t have (have) libraries, primary schls are nt. The result, accrding t ne survey, is that ne in seven have n library space at all. This disadvantage is skewed twards the nrth f England, where children’s reading attainment at 10 and 11 is already lwer.
As children’s laureate in 2021, the authr Cressida Cwell wrte an pen letter t the then prime minister, Bris Jhnsn, calling fr a ringfenced annual investment (invest) f £100m a year in primary schl libraries. Her demand shuld be taken seriusly, as it directly addresses the needs f children mst badly affected by the cst f living crisis.
儿童阅读：所有孩子都应该拥有
对儿童阅读的担忧并不罕见，但有消息称，8岁至18岁的年轻人中，只有不到一半的人真正可以享有阅读，这是自2005年以来的最低水平，应该给我们敲响了警钟。这项由英国国家识字信托基金会，上周四，在世界读书日之前开展的调查还揭示了日益加剧的阅读不平等现象，令人担忧。
在英国，接受采访的3000名父母和照看者中，十分之一的人表示，由于经济压力，他们的压力太大，无法购买图书让孩子读书，而在自称经济困难的父母中，这一比例翻了一番，达到近五分之一。同时，20%的父母表示，由于生活成本危机，他们减少了为孩子买书所需的开支，在经济困难的父母中，这一比例上升至36%。
市场分析机构尼尔森图书扫描公司，发布的去年销售数据突显了这一差距。数据显示，虽然在今年头几个月总销量下降了1.2%，但与2019年相比，儿童图书的总销量增长了15%。家长投入在孩子阅读上的4.45亿英镑中，如果较贫穷的家庭投入的少，那么较富裕的家庭肯定投入更多。
世界读书日调查也不完全是悲观的：该调查引用的政府数据显示，2019年至2022年期间，小学学生的阅读水平略有上升。但是，让一个孩子在10岁或11岁时克服重重障碍，成功地学会阅读，只是让他成为一个快乐、愿意读书的人的一小部分行动，而阅读习惯所带来的所有好处都是众所周知的。
那么，我们应该做些什么呢？在家庭财政的紧张时期，图书馆发挥着关键作用。去年的借阅数据是一个可喜的迹象，表明这些家庭的孩子正在这么做。儿童作家、《咕噜牛》的作者朱莉娅·唐纳森14年来首次荣登借阅书籍榜首，其他5位作家也跻身前十。图书馆是各个年龄段的孩子都可以为自己选择书籍的地方，而书店则不可避免地会受到父母的预算和品味的影响。
唐纳森和她的合作者阿克塞尔·舍弗勒的在儿童读物方面的统治地位并非只源于一本图画书。因为他们出版了很多书，其实他们运用了童年阅读的一个真理：一旦孩子爱上了一本书，他们就会在对这本书迷恋持续的时间里，如饥似渴地阅读任何其他类似的书。
这就是为什么借阅书籍是阅读生态中这么重要的一部分。然而，图书馆长期以来一直处于政府公共服务削减的前线，而这其中学校图书馆的情况最为糟糕。在英国，法律规定监狱必须有图书馆，但小学却没有。根据一项调查，结果是七分之一的孩子根本没有图书馆可以借阅。这种劣势在英格兰北部比较明显，那里的孩子在10岁和11岁时的阅读成绩较低。
作为2021年的儿童奖得主，作家克蕾西达·考威尔给时任首相鲍里斯·约翰逊写了一封公开信，呼吁向小学图书馆每年投资1亿英镑。政府应该认真对待她的要求，因为这直接解决了那些受生活成本危机影响最严重的儿童的阅读需求。
生词积累
thrw smething int sharp relief
清楚地意识到某事；使某事清晰、明了；突出某事
jump thrugh hps
克服种种障碍；（为取悦他人或达到目的而）经受苦难；作出很大努力
as ppsed t
和…相反；而不是；与…相对
impinge
v. 侵犯；对…有明显作用（或影响）；妨碍
dminance
n. 优势；控制；权势
truism
n. 老生常谈；不言而喻的道理；自明之理
blige
v. 效劳；迫使
laureate
n. 荣誉获得者；获奖者
ringfenced
adj. 专款专用的
dm and glm
令人沮丧的，悲观的
devur
v. 吞食；吞吃；挥霍；如饥似渴地阅读
skew
v. 歪曲；曲解；使不公允；影响…的准确性；有……倾向性
原创外刊改编语法填空题打卡Day 10
Can exercise help brain health?
Frm: The Glbe and Mail
A pair f studies published last mnth was whiplash-inducing: first, a majr critical review suggesting that hard evidence fr the brain-bsting effects f exercise is thin t nn-existent; and secnd, a few days later, a ______1_____(mass) study with mre than a quarter-millin subjects using a cutting-edge new technique t affirm that the benefits are, indeed, real. With the dust still settling, here’s where we stand.
Fr years, bservatinal studies ______2_____(pint) t the benefits f exercise in warding ffcgnitive decline. Take a large grup f peple, assess hw much they exercise and then check back t see whse cgnitive perfrmance has drpped fastest. One meta-analysis fund that even lw-t-mderate exercise levels reduced the risk f subsequent cgnitive impairment by 35 per cent; anther cncluded that ne in seven cases f Alzheimer’s disease culd be prevented by meeting minimum exercise recmmendatins f 150 minutes per week.
The prblem is that these bservatinal studies can’t prve causatin. Maybe exercise helps the brain. Or maybe there are ther factrs that affect bth mind and bdy: Perhaps peple wh eat lts f vegetables tend t exercise a lt and have healthy brains, fr example. A better ptin fr establishing causality is ______3_____ interventin study: Assign sme peple t exercise a lt and thers t sit arund n the sfa, and see whse brains fare best. These are very difficult studies t run, s they tend have nt many subjects and nly last fr a few mnths r years at mst, limiting the cnclusins that can ______4_____(draw).
The new critical review, published in Nature Human Behaviur by a team f researchers in Spain led by Luis Ciria f the University f Granada, fcused nly n these mre rigrus interventin studies. They aggregated the results f 109 individual trials with a ttal f 11,266 ______5_____(participate), and adjusted the results t accunt ______6_____ factrs like publicatin bias, which culd predispse researchers t nt bther publishing negative results.
The results were underwhelming. Even ______7_____ the majrity f individual trials had fund a psitive effect, the pled and adjusted results fund nly “negligible” evidence f cgnitive benefits. “Imprtantly, ur study des nt rule ut the existence f these effects,” Ciria nted in an e-mail. “It nly cncludes that the current evidence is nt strng enugh t draw cnclusins.” Still, he suggested that rganizatins like the WHO shuld refrain frm citing brain health as a reasn t exercise until better evidence is available.
It was n this backdrp ______8_____ a grup f researchers frm Canada, Switzerland and the United States, including Matthieu Bisgntier f the University f Ottawa, published their wn paper in the jurnal Scientific Reprts a few days later. “We say ‘Nt s fast!’” explains Bisgntier, “because we d have additinal causal evidence suggesting lifelng cgnitive benefits f bth mderate and vigrus physical activity.”
The randmizatin effectively ccurs at birth. Sme peple are brn with particular gene variants that predispse them t exercise mre ver the curse f their lives. These gene variants have n knwn effect n cgnitive functin, s if peple carrying these variants scre better n cgnitive tests, it suggests that their higher levels f exercise made the difference.
Sure enugh, that’s what the results shwed. In a database f 257,000 peple wh had undergne genetic and cgnitive testing fr a previus study, thse wh had gene variants assciated with higher exercise levels scred better n the cgnitive tests. ______9_____(interest), the effects f mderate exercise were abut 50 per cent strnger than vigrus exercise, ______10_____(suggest) that yu dn’t need t push yurself t exhaustin t gain the benefits.
原创外刊改编语法填空题打卡Day 10
Can exercise help brain health?
Frm: The Glbe and Mail
A pair f studies published last mnth was whiplash-inducing: first, a majr critical review suggesting that hard evidence fr the brain-bsting effects f exercise is thin t nn-existent; and secnd, a few days later, a massive (mass) study with mre than a quarter-millin subjects using a cutting-edge new technique t affirm that the benefits are, indeed, real. With the dust still settling, here’s where we stand.
Fr years, bservatinal studies have pinted (pint) t the benefits f exercise in warding ffcgnitive decline. Take a large grup f peple, assess hw much they exercise and then check back t see whse cgnitive perfrmance has drpped fastest. One meta-analysis fund that even lw-t-mderate exercise levels reduced the risk f subsequent cgnitive impairment by 35 per cent; anther cncluded that ne in seven cases f Alzheimer’s disease culd be prevented by meeting minimum exercise recmmendatins f 150 minutes per week.
The prblem is that these bservatinal studies can’t prve causatin. Maybe exercise helps the brain. Or maybe there are ther factrs that affect bth mind and bdy: Perhaps peple wh eat lts f vegetables tend t exercise a lt and have healthy brains, fr example. A better ptin fr establishing causality is an interventin study: Assign sme peple t exercise a lt and thers t sit arund n the sfa, and see whse brains fare best. These are very difficult studies t run, s they tend have nt many subjects and nly last fr a few mnths r years at mst, limiting the cnclusins that can be drawn (draw).
The new critical review, published in Nature Human Behaviur by a team f researchers in Spain led by Luis Ciria f the University f Granada, fcused nly n these mre rigrus interventin studies. They aggregated the results f 109 individual trials with a ttal f 11,266 participants (participate), and adjusted the results t accunt fr factrs like publicatin bias, which culd predispse researchers t nt bther publishing negative results.
The results were underwhelming. Even if/thugh the majrity f individual trials had fund a psitive effect, the pled and adjusted results fund nly “negligible” evidence f cgnitive benefits. “Imprtantly, ur study des nt rule ut the existence f these effects,” Ciria nted in an e-mail. “It nly cncludes that the current evidence is nt strng enugh t draw cnclusins.” Still, he suggested that rganizatins like the WHO shuld refrain frm citing brain health as a reasn t exercise until better evidence is available.
It was n this backdrp that a grup f researchers frm Canada, Switzerland and the United States, including Matthieu Bisgntier f the University f Ottawa, published their wn paper in the jurnal Scientific Reprts a few days later. “We say ‘Nt s fast!’” explains Bisgntier, “because we d have additinal causal evidence suggesting lifelng cgnitive benefits f bth mderate and vigrus physical activity.”
The randmizatin effectively ccurs at birth. Sme peple are brn with particular gene variants that predispse them t exercise mre ver the curse f their lives. These gene variants have n knwn effect n cgnitive functin, s if peple carrying these variants scre better n cgnitive tests, it suggests that their higher levels f exercise made the difference.
Sure enugh, that’s what the results shwed. In a database f 257,000 peple wh had undergne genetic and cgnitive testing fr a previus study, thse wh had gene variants assciated with higher exercise levels scred better n the cgnitive tests. Interestingly (interest), the effects f mderate exercise were abut 50 per cent strnger than vigrus exercise, suggesting (suggest) that yu dn’t need t push yurself t exhaustin t gain the benefits.
锻炼会有助于大脑健康吗？
上个月发表的两项研究令人震惊：首先，一项重要的批判性评论认为，锻炼对大脑有益的确凿证据几乎没有，甚至可以说是根本不存在；其次，几天之后，一项涉及超过25万名参与者的庞大研究运用了一种前沿的新方法，却肯定了这些益处的真实性。局势尚未明朗，我们就处于这样的境地。
多年来，观察性研究显示，锻炼有助于避免认知能力的衰退。找一大批人，测量他们的运动量，然后再看看谁的认知表现下降得最快。一项荟萃分析发现，哪怕是低到中等程度的运动也能把以后出现认知障碍的风险降低35%；另一项研究则推断，每周至少锻炼150分钟可以预防七分之一的阿尔茨海默氏症病例。
问题是这些观察性研究无法确定因果关系。也许运动对大脑有益，或者也许还存在其他共同影响身心的因素：比如，吃很多蔬菜的人也许更爱锻炼，大脑也更健康。要验证因果关系，一个更佳的方法是干预研究：安排一些人多做运动，另一些人少动或不动，看看谁的大脑表现更好。这类研究难以开展，所以通常样本量不大，而且最多只能持续几个月或几年，这就限制了能够得出的结论。
由西班牙格拉纳达大学的路易斯·西里亚领导的一个研究团队在《自然人类行为》杂志上发表了一篇新的评论文章，只专注于这些更有力度的干预研究。他们综合了109个单独实验的结果，涉及11,266名参与者，并根据发表偏差等因素对结果进行了修正。发表偏差可能会导致研究人员不愿意发表负面结果。
结果令人失望。尽管大部分单独的实验都发现了正面的效果，但汇总和修正后的结果只发现了“微不足道”的认知好处的证据。西里亚在一封电子邮件中说：“重要的是，我们的研究并没有否定这些效果的存在，它只是得出结论，目前的证据还不够充分”。因此，他建议，在有更好的证据之前，像世界卫生组织这样的机构不应该以大脑健康为理由来推荐锻炼。
就在这种情况下，来自加拿大、瑞士和美国的一批研究人员，其中包括渥太华大学的Matthieu Bisgntier，在几天后的《科学报告》期刊上发表了他们自己的论文。Bisgntier说：“别急着下结论！因为我们还有更多的因果证据显示，中度和高强度的体育锻炼对终身认知都有益处”。
随机分配实际上是在出生时就发生了。有些人天生具有某些基因变异，这让他们在一生中更倾向于锻炼。这些基因变异对认知功能没有已知的作用，所以，如果带有这些变异的人在认知测试中得分更高，这说明他们更高程度的锻炼产生了效果。
正如预期的那样，结果证实了这一点。在一个包含25.7万人的数据库中，这些人曾经参加过一项基因和认知测试的研究，那些具有与更高运动水平相关联的基因变异的人在认知测试中表现更好。有意思的是，适度运动的效果比激烈运动高出50%左右，这说明你不必把自己累得精疲力竭才能得到益处。
生词积累
whiplash-inducing
adj. 像车祸里的猛烈甩头一样令人震惊的
cutting-edge[考研]
adj. 先进的
with the dust still settling
在某种事件或情况之后，人们需要等待一段时间来让尘埃落定
ward ff
避开；防止；挡住
cgnitive
adj. 认知的；感知的；认识的
impairment
n. 障碍；某种缺陷
causatin
n. 原因；诱因；起因；因果关系
interventin
n. 干预；介入；调解
rigrus
adj. 谨慎的；细致的；彻底的；严格的
aggregate
v. 合计；总计
underwhelming
adj. 不起眼的；平庸的；索然无味的
negligible
adj. 微不足道的；不重要的；不值一提的
backdrp
n. （舞台的）背景幕布；（事件发生时）周围陪衬景物
vigrus
adj. 充满活力的；充满激情的；激烈的；精力旺盛的
blster
v. 加强；改善
dissuade
v. 劝（某人）勿做（某事）；劝阻