新高考英语一轮复习练习考向64 七选五之复现 替代 逻辑和连贯与试题解答（2份打包，原卷版+解析版）

这是一份新高考英语一轮复习练习考向64 七选五之复现 替代 逻辑和连贯与试题解答（2份打包，原卷版+解析版），文件包含新高考英语一轮复习练习考向64七选五之复现替代逻辑和连贯与试题解答原卷版doc、新高考英语一轮复习练习考向64七选五之复现替代逻辑和连贯与试题解答解析版doc等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共30页， 欢迎下载使用。
策略1 核心词复现法
【考法再现】
1. 2020·全国卷Ⅲ·片段 体裁：说明文 主题语境：人与社会—风俗
________ Sme peple register a list f things they want r
need fr their new hme at a lcal stre r stres. Sme cmmn things peple will put n a gift registry include kitchen tls like knives and things like curtains. Even if there isn't a registry, a gd husewarming gift is smething t decrate the new huse with, like a piece f art r a plant.
A. This isn't usual thugh.
B. It is traditinal t bring a gift t a husewarming party.
C. Yu can als bring fd r drinks t share with the ther guests.
D. If yu're lucky enugh t receive gifts, keep them in a safe place.
E. It als gives peple a chance t see what the new hme lks like.
F. The best husewarming parties encurage ld friends t get tgether.
G. This was s that the persn culd keep their hme warm fr the winter.
答案与解析 B 根据空后第二句中的关键词“a gift registry”和空后第三句中的“a gd husewarming gift”可知，该段介绍的是与礼物相关的内容。故正确选项应含有与husewarming和gift相关的词汇，锁定选项B和D。又该段列举了参加聚会所带的礼物，如厨房工具、窗帘、艺术品或绿植。这些都和参加乔迁聚会带礼物有关，故B项“带礼物去参加乔迁聚会是一种传统”概括了本段内容，引出下文，故选B。
【策略微点】
技巧依据
介绍段落主旨时， 常会有核心词的复现，但不是词语的简单重复，而是核心词以同义词、近义词或不同词性的词等形式出现。在做题时，注意选项中出现的与原文意思相同、相近或相反的词汇。
【策略图解】 核心词复现法
策略2 代词指代法
【考法再现】
2. 2020·全国卷Ⅲ·片段 体裁：说明文 主题语境：人与社会—风俗
Husewarming parties get their name frm the fact that a lng time ag peple wuld actually bring firewd t a new hme as a gift. ________ Nw mst hmes have central heating and dn't use fires t keep warm.
A. This isn't usual thugh.
B. It is traditinal t bring a gift t a husewarming party.
C. Yu can als bring fd r drinks t share with the ther guests.
D. If yu're lucky enugh t receive gifts, keep them in a safe place.
E. It als gives peple a chance t see what the new hme lks like.
F. The best husewarming parties encurage ld friends t get tgether.
G. This was s that the persn culd keep their hme warm fr the winter.
答案与解析 G 代词指代法解题。上句介绍了乔迁聚会名称的由来，根据“bring firewd t a new hme as a gift”可知，人们会带柴火作为礼物，本空应承接上文说明带柴火的目的和作用：取暖。G项“这样人们就可以在冬天的时候保持家里温暖”符合语境。选项G中的this指代上一句中提到的“bring firewd”。
3. 2019·全国卷Ⅱ·片段 体裁：说明文 主题语境：人与自我—认识自我、完善自我
Yu als need t judge the quality and depth f yur mtivatin. This is quite imprtant, because it is directly related t yur cmmitment. There are times when yur heart is nt in yur wrk. __①__ S, slw dwn and think what yu really want t d at that mment. Clarity (清晰) f thughts can help yu mve frward.
Anther way f setting realistic gals is t analyze yur shrt and lng term bjectives, keeping in mind yur beliefs, values and strengths. Remember that gals are flexible. __②__ They als need t be measurable. Yu must keep these pints in mind while setting yur gals.
A. This can affect yur wrk.
B. S hw shuld yu mtivate yurself?
C. Hwever, this shuld nt discurage yu.
D. S why shuld we try t set specific gals?
E. They can change accrding t circumstances.
F. Mtivatin is what yu need mst t d a gd jb.
G. Withut mtivatin, yu can neither set a gal nr reach it.
答案与解析 ①A 根据空前一句尤其是该句中的yur wrk这一关键信息可推断，A项“这会影响到你的工作”符合语境，且A项中的指示代词This指代前文内容，此外，空后一句“S, slw dwn and think...”提出了应对方法，因此设空处应是提到空前一句产生的影响。故选A项。
②E 根据空前一句“Remember that gals are flexible.”并结合选项可知，E项与此处语义一致。E项中的change accrding t circumstances是对flexible一词的解释，且E项中的指示代词They特指前文的gals，同时与空后一句“They als need t be measurable.”中的They相呼应。故选E项。
【策略微点】
技巧依据
英语文章中代词出现的频率很高，代词可以用来指代前面提及的名词(短语)或句子，可借助这一线索准确解题。
【策略图解】 代词指代法
策略3 逻辑关系法
【考法再现】
4. 2020·全国卷Ⅱ·片段 体裁：说明文 主题语境：人与社会—社会交往
There is als the matter f tne (语气). Wh hasn't received an email s annying that it ruined an entire day? ________. Emji can help cmmunicatin feel friendlier, and even a serius nte can be sftened with an encuraging smile.
A. Messages with emjis feel mre cnversatinal
B. Even a frmal email can seem cld and unfriendly
C. Sending smiling faces t clleagues may seem strange
D. The ppularity f these platfrms is spreading glbally
E. Giving emplyees the tls enables them t cmmunicate hnestly
F. Studies shw that friendlier cmmunicatin leads t a happier wrkplace
G. An easy way t bring all wrk generatins tgether is with a chat platfrm
答案与解析 B 核心词和逻辑关系法解题。该段通过正反两方面的对比，介绍沟通中的语气问题。空前一句“ Wh hasn't received an email s annying that it ruined an entire day？”说明电子邮件带来的负面情绪；下一句从正面介绍表情符号的积极作用。结合前后正反对比的语境和设空前一句中的关键词“an email”和空后一句中的关键词“a serius nte”可知，正确选项应与电子邮件的负面作用相关，故B项“即使是一封正式的电子邮件也会显得冷淡和不友好”进一步讲述电子邮件的负面作用，故选B。even顺承上一句并加强了语气。
【策略微点】
技巧依据
一个段落中总有一些衔接过渡词或并列连词，如hwever, therefre, thus, accrdingly, yet, besides, still等和and, but, s, nt nly ... but als ..., neither ... nr ...等。
【策略图解】 逻辑关系法

策略4 相似结构线索法
【考法再现】
5. 2020·全国卷Ⅱ·片段 体裁：说明文 主题语境：人与社会—社会交往
________， and emji can cntribute directly t that psitive utcme. And when yur emplyees begin adding smiling emjis t their business cmmunicatin, yu'll knw yu have succeeded in imprving yur wrk culture.
A. Messages with emjis feel mre cnversatinal
B. Even a frmal email can seem cld and unfriendly
C. Sending smiling faces t clleagues may seem strange
D. The ppularity f these platfrms is spreading glbally
E. Giving emplyees the tls enables them t cmmunicate hnestly
F. Studies shw that friendlier cmmunicatin leads t a happier wrkplace
G. An easy way t bring all wrk generatins tgether is with a chat platfrm
答案与解析 F 根据空后的“and emji can cntribute directly t that psitive utcme” 中的连词and (并且)可知，此处是并列句，根据and后的关键词“that psitive utcme”和该段第二句中的关键词“yur emplyees”“business cmmunicatin”和“wrk culture”可知，正确选项应与表情符号对工作场所的好处相关。故选项F“研究表明，更友好的沟通会带来更快乐的工作场所”符合语境。“a happier wrkplace”与关键词“that psitive utcme”呼应。
6. 2019·全国卷Ⅱ·片段 体裁：说明文 主题语境：人与自我—认识自我、完善自我
________ Mre than that, hw shuld yu stay mtivated t achieve the gal? First, yu need t evaluate yurself, yur values, yur strengths, yur weaknesses, yur achievements, yur desires, etc. Only then shuld yu set yur gals.
A. This can affect yur wrk.
B. S hw shuld yu mtivate yurself?
C. Hwever, this shuld nt discurage yu.
D. S why shuld we try t set specific gals?
E. They can change accrding t circumstances.
F. Mtivatin is what yu need mst t d a gd jb.
G. Withut mtivatin, yu can neither set a gal nr reach it.
答案与解析 B 设空处后一句是个问句，由此可知，设空处也应是一个问句，故将答案锁定在B项和D项之间。B项中的hw shuld yu ... 与空后一句中的hw shuld yu ... 在结构上和语义上均保持一致，而D项中的why与后文内容无关。故选B项。
【策略微点】
技巧依据
阅读七选五的体裁大多是说明文，常采用总分或总分总形式，第一段说明事物的主题，下面几段从不同角度说明问题，最后总结，各段之间多是平行关系。在文章句式的使用上，多出现相似句型。有时候设空是句子的某一部分，所以可以借助相似句型和句子结构解题。
【策略图解】 相似结构线索法
【检测训练】
1
Basically, a phne interview is the first step in the hiring prcess, as it gives the emplyer a glance f yur backgrund, persnality, and verall fit fr the psitin. 1. 1. Tell Me Abut Yurself
Mre ften than nt, an interviewer will begin with “tell me abut yurself.”2. Yu dn't want t sund t rehearsed, but putting dwn a few ntes n yur backgrund can help make this a much easier questin t respnd t.
2. Prepare fr Behaviral Questins
3. While they aren't always asked n a phne interview, they can tell the interviewer a bit mre abut yur persnality withut having t meet yu in persn.
These questins, such as "teil me abut a time yu demnstrated leadership" are fairly cmmn, and als easy t prepare fr in advance. Take a few minutes t write dwn bullet pints n a time yu were a leader r vercame a difficulty.4. Therefre, writing dwn a few ideas in advance can nly help get thse creative juices flwing fr when sme unexpected questins are asked.
3. Prepare t Explain Emplyment Gaps
Sme individuals have emplyment gaps in their resume. Fr mst, this relates t cllege and schl breaks, etc.5. Thinking abut these gaps befrehand gives yu the advantage in terms f being prepared fr the line f questining.
Remember that a phne interview may be the mst imprtant part, as it's ging t slidify a gd first impressin that will help carry yu thrughut the rest f the prcess.
A. Behaviral questins are huge.
B. Hwever, these gaps shuld be avided if pssible.
C. Yu never knw what type f questin will be asked.
D. These questins need yu t describe yur preparatin fr the target jb.
E.But smetimes this means explaining them t avid making yu lk bad.
F.Preparing fr it requires yu t describe yur gals that match the psitin.
G.With that in mind, yu can prepare sme well-thught-ut answers fr the cmmnly asked questins.
【答案】1. G 2. F 3. A 4. C 5. E
【解析】这是一篇说明文。电话面试是招聘过程的第一步，因为它让雇主对你的背景、个性和整体适合该职位有一个大致的了解，文章主要就如何回答一些常见的面试问题提出了一些建议。
1. 根据上文“Basically, a phne interview is the first step in the hiring prcess, as it gives the emplyer a glance f yur backgrund, persnality, and verall fit fr the psitin.(基本上，电话面试是招聘过程的第一步，因为它让雇主对你的背景、个性和整体适合该职位有一个大致的了解)”结合后文主要介绍了一些回答常见面试问题的方法，故G选项“考虑到这一点，你可以为常见的问题准备一些深思熟虑的答案”符合语境，故选G。
2. 根据上文“Mre ften than nt, an interviewer will begin with “tell me abut yurself.”(通常情况下，面试官会以“介绍一下你自己”作为开场白)”以及后文“Yu dn't want t sund t rehearsed, but putting dwn a few ntes n yur backgrund can help make this a much easier questin t respnd t.(你不希望听起来像是排练过的，但是在你的背景上写下一些注释可以让这个问题更容易回答)”可知，上文提到“介绍一下你自己”这个问题，后文则在说明如何为这个问题作准备，可知本句属于过渡句，说明如何准备“介绍一下你自己”这个问题，故F选项“准备它需要你描述你的目标符合这个职位”符合语境，故选F。
3. 根据小标题“2. Prepare fr Behaviral Questins(为行为问题做准备)”以及后文“While they aren't always asked n a phne interview, they can tell the interviewer a bit mre abut yur persnality withut having t meet yu in persn.(虽然在电话面试中不一定会问到这些问题，但它们可以让面试官在不必见到你本人的情况下多了解一些你的个性)”可知，本段主要是关于如何准备行为问题的答案，A选项中Behaviral questins对应标题中Behaviral Questins。故A选项“行为问题很重要”符合语境，故选A。
4. 根据后文“Therefre, writing dwn a few ideas in advance can nly help get thse creative juices flwing fr when sme unexpected questins are asked.(因此，提前写下一些想法可以帮助你在遇到意想不到的问题时迸发出创造力)”可知，后文提到要写下帮助应对意想不到问题的想法，可见会被问到什么问题并不确定。故C选项“你永远不知道会被问到什么样的问题”符合语境，故选C。
5. 根据上文“Sme individuals have emplyment gaps in their resume. Fr mst, this relates t cllege and schl breaks, etc.(有些人在简历中有工作空白期。对于大多数人来说，这与大学和学校的假期等有关)”以及后文“Thinking abut these gaps befrehand gives yu the advantage in terms f being prepared fr the line f questining.(事先想好这些空白期可以为你的提问做好准备)”可知，上文提到了简历中有工作空白期，后文提到事先想好这些空白期可以为你的提问做好准备，可知本句与上文构成转折，说明如何应对这些工作空白期，故E选项“但有时这意味着解释他们，来避免让你看起来很糟”符合语境，故选E。
2
Tw thieves came t a huse t steal smething. They dug a hle in the wall f the huse. One f them crawled int the huse while the ther waited utside.
There lived many mice in the huse. 6. . “Lk! In cmes ne,” she said t the man in the huse. The thief was s frightened that he hurriedly crawled ut f the huse and said t the ne waiting utside,“ She fund me when I was just in.” But the thief utside didn’t believe him, s he said, “Let us tw try t crawl int the huse tgether.” 7. The wman saw the mice and shuted , “In cme tw. Catch them!” 8. They started running away at nce.
The tw thieves wanted t make it clear whether they had been fund r nt the night befre. The next day they acted as men selling sweet ptates and came befre the huse. The man and the wman were plughing in the fields. 9. . She saw tw men selling sweet ptates and wanted t buy sme. 10. At the time the man culdn’t wait fr her any lnger in the fields and he ran back frm the fields t hurry her up. The wman shwed the sweet ptates t the man and said, “Hw they lk like the tw f last night!” The man said, “I asked yu t fetch a rpe, why dn’t yu hurry fr it?” The tw thieves ran away very quickly withut their sweet ptates.
A. The wman in the mnlight saw a muse crawl int the huse.
B. The rein brke and the wman came hme fr a rpe.
C. The mice escaped quickly.
D. The tw thieves were terribly frightened.
E.At that time tw mice happened t crawl int the huse t.
F.She picked ut tw which lked like mice.
G.The tw men helped t catch the rpe fr the wman.
【答案】6. A 7. E 8. D 9. B 10. F
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了两个小偷想要对农夫家偷窃，却总阴差阳错以为农夫的妻子发现了他们的故事。
6. 根据上文“There lived many mice in the huse.(房子里住着许多老鼠)”以及后文““Lk! In cmes ne,” she said t the man in the huse.(她对房子里的那个人说：“看! 进来一个（老鼠）”)”可知，上文提到了房子里有很多老鼠，后文提到女人看到有一只老鼠进了屋子，故A选项“那个女人在月光下看见一只老鼠爬进了屋子”符合语境，故选A。
7. 根据后文“The wman saw the mice and shuted , “In cme tw. Catch them!”(那个女人看到老鼠就喊道：“进来两个（老鼠）。抓住他们！”)”可知，后文提到女人看到了老鼠，可知又有老鼠爬进了屋子，故E选项“这时恰巧有两只老鼠也爬进了屋子”符合语境，故选E。
8. 根据上文“The wman saw the mice and shuted , “In cme tw. Catch them!”(那个女人看到老鼠就喊道：“进来两个。抓住他们！”)”以及后文“They started running away at nce.(他们立刻开始逃跑)”可知，本句应当是说明小偷们听到女人说抓住老鼠的话后的反应：两个小偷被吓坏了，逃跑了。D选项中The tw thieves对应后文中They。故D选项“这两个小偷被吓坏了”符合语境，故选D。
9. 根据上文“The tw thieves wanted t make it clear whether they had been fund r nt the night befre. The next day they acted as men selling sweet ptates and came befre the huse. The man and the wman were plughing in the fields.(两个小偷想弄清楚前一天晚上他们是否被发现了。第二天，他们扮成卖红薯的人来到房子前。这个男人和这个女人在田里耕作)”以及后文“I asked yu t fetch a rpe, why dn’t yu hurry fr it ? (我让你去拿一根绳子，你为什么不快点？)”可知，上文提到男人和女人在田里耕作，后文提到农夫说让女人去拿绳子，可推测本句是在说明缰绳断了，女人回家拿绳子。故B选项“缰绳断了，女人回家拿绳子”符合语境，故选B。
10. 根据上文“She saw tw men selling sweet ptates and wanted t buy sme.(她看见两个男人在卖红薯，想买一些)”以及后文“At the time the man culdn’t wait fr her any lnger in the fields and he ran back frm the fields t hurry her up. (农夫在田里等得不耐烦了，赶紧从地里跑回来催她)”可知，上文提到女人看见有人卖红薯想买一些，后文则说农夫等得不耐烦，可推测本句是在说明女人买红薯的经过，她在挑选红薯。故F选项“她挑了两只看起来像老鼠的”符合语境，故选F。
3
Befre the Secnd Wrld War, everyne everywhere rde their bicycles—and then with the dawn f the 1950s the autmbile killed the cycling culture. In the 1960s Cpenhagen was very plluted and crwded with cars. It tk the city planners and pliticians a lng time t reclaim (恢复) the streets f Cpenhagen. 11. Rush hur in Cpenhagen is when 45% f the ppulatin travel by bicycle t their places f wrk r study each day. 12. It lks very different there than in my hme cuntry f Canada—where there is a very lw percentage f the ppulatin wh ride bicycles.
The envirnmental cncern is a minr part f what encurages peple t cycle in Cpenhagen. 13. Is there a linkage t cycling and why Cpenhagen is ften ranked the happiest city n the planet?
The Danish dn’t have big mnuments, they have Hans Christian Andersen’s “Little Mermaid (美人鱼),” which is life-size. This captures the spirit f the city; laid back, practical and respnsible. Their mnuments are big wind turbines (发电机).
14. There are many ther renewable energies. We just need t lk arund mther nature’s playgrund.
Trees bring rain. When they sway in the wind, they purify the air. 15. When the leaves drp t the grund, they help the sil becme fertile but hld their shape fr a lng time—n matter hw hard it rains. When yu cut dwn trees fr building, fr farming, the land and rivers dry up. The springs as Gd made them are gne, as is every living thing fund that requires water t survive.
A. Nw bikes utnumber cars.
B. We have energy available frm the wind.
C. Fr them, it’s simply a better quality f life.
D. They remve the carbn dixide frm ur xygen.
E.It takes mre than gegraphy t get peple cycling.
F.This is the clest bike prject in the wrld right nw.
G.Cycling in Cpenhagen is an imprtant means f travel.
【答案】11. A 12. G 13. C 14. B 15. D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。丹麦首都哥本哈根是“自行车上的城市”，这座城市自行车的数量远远超过了汽车。骑自行车在这座城市还意味着一种顺畅的体验。这个城市是怎样做到的呢？
11. 根据上文“It tk the city planners and pliticians a lng time t reclaim (恢复) the streets f Cpenhagen.（哥本哈根富有远见的城市规划者和政治家花了好长时间才改变了这种车辆拥堵的情况。）”可知，选项A：Nw bikes utnumber cars.（现在（在哥本哈根）自行车的数量已经超过了汽车的数量。）是对前面一句话进一步的补充，上下句之间是承接关系。故选A。
12. 根据上文“Rush hur in Cpenhagen is when 45% f the ppulatin travel by bicycle t their places f wrk r study each day.（哥本哈根的高峰时间是45%的人口每天骑自行车去工作或学习的地方。）”和下文“It lks very different there than in my hme cuntry f Canada—where there is a very lw percentage f the ppulatin wh ride bicycles.（它看起来非常不同于我的祖国加拿大，那里的人口骑自行车的比例非常低。）”可知，空处承上启下，说明自行车成为很重要的出行方式。G项：Cycling in Cpenhagen is an imprtant means f travel.（在哥本哈根骑自行车是一种重要的出行方式。）符合语境。故选G。
13. 根据上文“The envirnmental cncern is a minr part f what encurages peple t cycle in Cpenhagen.（环境问题只是鼓励人们在哥本哈根骑车的一个小原因）”可知，空处进一步解释说明人们在哥本哈根骑车的原因。C项：Fr them, it’s simply a better quality f life.（对他们而言，它（自行车）是一种高质量的生活方式。）符合语境。故选C。
14. 根据上文“Their mnuments are big wind turbines.（他们的纪念碑就是那些风力发电机）”可知，选项B: We have energy available frm the wind.(我们可以利用风力发电机得到能源)与前句前后呼应，且与下文“There are many ther renewable energies.（也有其他形式的可再生能源）”一致。选项起到了衔接前后句的作用，energy是关键词。故选B。
15. 根据上文“When they sway in the wind, they purify the air.（树木在风中摇摆，能够净化空气）”可知，选项D：They remve the carbn dixide frm ur xygen.（它们也能够清除氧气中的二氧化碳）与前句是并列关系，都是指树木的作用。故选D。
4
Fr decades, dctrs have warned patients that t much salt can be bad fr the heart. Heart attack has lng been cnsidered a grwn-up prblem. 16. Eating t much salty fd when yu're yung can lead t health prblems later.
Salt is made up f tw elements: sdium and chlrine 伟内禾口氯）.Dietary guidelines recmmend that adults and kids aged 9-13 shuldn't cnsume mre than abut a teaspn f sdium daily. 17. This wrries dctrs because t much sdium results in the bdy prducing mre bld. T pump the extra bld, the heart has t wrk harder. This causes a rise in bld pressure 一- a measurement f hw stressed the heart is. High bld pressure ften leads t heart disease.
A kid with high bld pressure is mre likely t becme a grwn-up with high bld pressure.
18. British researchers recently fund that kids wh eat less salt als drink fewer sugary sft drinks. Drinking fewer fizzy （碳酸）drinks makes kids less likely t gain weight, becme bese and develp high bld pressure.
19. A recent study fund that a grwing number f kids in the US are suffering frm kidney stnes （肾结石）.This painful cnditin usually affects peple aged ver 40. Nw, kids as yung as five are getting it.
Cutting dwn n salt can be hard, but yu can retrain yurself t prefer less salty fd. The best way t reduce the amunt f sdium yu eat is t make changes gradually. 20. Switch t fresh fds instead f canned and bttled versins. And g easy n the cndiments （调味品）.Yu might als want t start reading nutritin labels. Yu may be surprised t learn that there are 1,150 mg f sdium in a duble cheeseburger, and ver 2,000 mg in many frzen meals.
A. Salt isn't the nly cause f diseases.
B. The average American eats twice this amunt.
C. Salt can affect mre than just yur heart and weight.
D. Reducing salt might als help stp childhd besity.
E.But new research suggests that salt is starting t affect children.
F.Start by adding half as much salt t yur dinner as yu nrmally d.
G.Cutting dwn n salt nw can lwer a persn's risk f heart disease.
【答案】16. E 17. B 18. D 19. C 20. F
【解析】这是一篇说明文。新的研究表明，盐开始影响儿童。文章介绍了过度的盐摄入量会给儿童健康带来的不良影响，并提出如何减少盐摄入量的建议。
16. 前文“Heart attack has lng been cnsidered a grwn-up prblem.”(心脏病一直被认为是一个成年人的问题。)和选项E中的“salt is starting t affect children”(盐开始影响到儿童)构成转折关系，对应选项E中的转折词but，根据后文“Eating t much salty fd when yu're yung can lead t health prblems later.”(当你小的时候，吃太多咸的食物会导致以后的健康问题。)可知，此处是指小时候吃太多盐会有不好的影响，所以选项E“但新的研究表明，盐开始影响儿童。”切合文意。故选E。
17. 根据前文“Dietary guidelines recmmend that adults and kids aged 9-13 shuldn't cnsume mre than abut a teaspn f sdium daily.”(膳食指南建议，成年人和9-13岁的孩子每天摄入的钠不应该超过一茶匙。)可知，选项B中的this amunt是指一茶匙，根据后文“This wrries dctrs because t much sdium results in the bdy prducing mre bld.”(这让医生们很担心，因为过量的钠会导致身体产生更多的血液。)可知，人们普遍的钠摄入量都超过了每天一茶匙，所以选项B“美国人的平均摄入量是这个的两倍。”切合文意。故选B。
18. 根据后文“British researchers recently fund that kids wh eat less salt als drink fewer sugary sft drinks. Drinking fewer fizzy(碳酸) drinks makes kids less likely t gain weight, becme bese and develp high bld pressure.”(英国研究人员最近发现，少吃盐的孩子也少喝含糖软饮料。少喝碳酸饮料会降低孩子体重、肥胖和高血压的可能性。)可知，此处是讲减少盐摄入量有助于阻止肥胖问题，所以选项D“减少盐摄入量也可能有助于阻止儿童肥胖。”切合文意。故选D。
19. 根据后文“A recent study fund that a grwing number f kids in the US are suffering frm kidney stnes”(最近的一项研究发现，美国越来越多的孩子患有肾结石)可知，此处是讲除了前文中提到的肥胖和心脏问题之外，还会有其它的问题。所以选项C“盐影响的不仅仅是你的心脏和体重。”切合文意。故选C。
20. 根据前文“The best way t reduce the amunt f sdium yu eat is t make changes gradually.”(减少钠摄入量的最好方法是逐步改变。)和后文“Switch t fresh fds instead f canned and bttled versins.”(换吃新鲜食品，而不是罐装和瓶装食品。)可知，此处是讲如何逐步减少钠摄入量。所以选项F“开始时，在你的晚餐中加入平常一半的盐。”切合文意。故选F。
5
Studying fr exams lng hurs r repeated expsure t a stressful situatin may lead t burnut(过度劳累). Suffering frm burnut can result in a reductin in ur creativity and prductivity. 21. Here are sme tips that may help yu.
Increase yur el-efficacy(自我效能). This means yu shuld believe in yur ability t cmplete a task at hand. It can help yu frm a feeling that the task is achievable and less tiring. An effective way is t fllw a self-efficacy mdel. 22. He can have a psitive effect n yu and make yu remain ptimistic and cnfident in yur abilities.
23. Nt everyne has creative aspects t their jbs, and therefre, we need t find ther appraches t shwing urselves. We culd paint, write r take part in lcal theater. All f these may help get us ut f the extreme stress that may exist in ur wrking life.
Lk after yurself and yur surrundings. The cnsequence is that yu are surrunded by a cleaner and mre psitive envirnment. 24. Have a psitive mental attitude twards everything yu d, and yu'll feel the task is less stressful. Yu may feel mre cmpetent as well.
Schedule regular scial activities. Remember when yu used t spend time with friends? Yu were active and yu had fun when yu watched mvies and ate meals tgether. Yu can regain sme f that enjyable experience by scheduling regular activities. 25.
A. Find ways t express ur creative sides.
B. Burnut, hwever, isn't always easy t spt.
C. What can we d t avid the bad effects f burnut?
D. A cycling with yur partner every day will d just fine.
E.This in turn makes yu have healthy and psitive thughts.
F.Wrried that yu are experiencing burnut but unsure f the symptms?
G.Simply bserve a friend r clleague accmplish smething meaningful.
【答案】21. C 22. G 23. A 24. E 25. D
【解析】本文为说明文。文章就如何在学习和工作中避免过度疲劳及其不良影响给出了几点建议。
21. 空格前一句“Suffering frm burnut can result in a reductin in ur creativity and prductivity.(过度劳累会降低我们的创造力和生产力)”指出过度疲劳的危害性，C项“我们能做些什么来避免过度劳累的不良影响呢？”就此提出问题，下文是一些建议。C项在此承上启下，契合文意。故选C项。
22. 空前一句“An effective way is t fllw a self-efficacy mdel.(一个有效的方法是遵循自我效能模范)”介绍了提高自我效能的一种有效方法，即向自我效能意识强的模范学习，G项“简单地观察朋友或同事，完成一些有意义的事情”顺承文意。故选G项。
23. 空处是主题句，由空后一句“Nt everyne has creative aspects t their jbs, and therefre, we need t find ther appraches t shwing urselves.(不是每个人的工作都有创造性，因此，我们需要找到其他方法来展示自己)”可知，第三段阐述了如何通过找到表现创造力的方法来摆脱极度压力，A项“找到表达我们创造性的方式”适合作为本段主题句，故选A项。
24. 前句“The cnsequence is that yu are surrunded by a cleaner and mre psitive envirnment.(其结果是你被一个更清洁、更积极的环境包围着)”指出了照料好自己和周围事物的结果，E项指出这反过来会让你拥有健康和积极的思想，与前文内容相关联，且E项中“healthy and psitive thughts”与后文中的“psitive mental attitude”呼应，故选E项。
25. 根据空前一句“Yu can regain sme f that enjyable experience by scheduling regular activities.”可知，你可以通过安排有规律的活动来重新获得一些愉快的经历，D项“每天和你的同伴一起骑车就很好”给出的是具体的社交活动，是对前句内容的举例说明，故选D项。
6
Yur dentist has prbably been telling yu t flss fr years. 26. 36% f Americans wuld rather d smething unpleasant, like clean the tilet, than put string between their teeth.
That’s why many cheered at a news reprt that flssing might nt be necessary. The Assciated Press reviewed 25 studies and cncluded that flssing didn’t have prven health benefits. Shuld yu thrw away yur flss? Nt s fast.27. One review f 12 studies fund that peple wh brushed and flssed regularly were less likely t have bleeding gums. 28. Gum disease, left untreated, can lead t shrinking gums and tth lss. It is als linked t heart disease, and many ther health cnditins. “Yur muth is a mirrr fr the rest f yur bdy,’ experts say.
29. Sme think mre bacteria left in yur muth end up in yur bldstream, where they may cntribute t inflammatin in ther areas, like yur heart. What experts d knw is that peple wh dn’t have gum disease are less likely t have health prblems like heart disease.
In fact, many dentists say the reasn they recmmend flssing isn’t because f research. 30. “In my practice, it’s clear that peple wh flss daily have healthier gums and keep their teeth lnger,” a dentist says. It takes less than a minute, and there’s literally n dwnside t ding it. But if yu skip it, sner r later yu—and yur dentist—will ntice a difference.
A. Many dental experts aren’t n bard.
B. There are als many benefits in flssing.
C. They had lwer levels f gum disease, t.
D. If yu’ve refused t d s, yu’re nt alne.
E.Instead, it’s because f what they see in their patients.
F.It takes seven r mre years t train a prfessinal dentist.
G.The cnnectin between gum disease and health isn’t entirely clear.
【答案】26. D 27. A 28. C 29. G 30. E
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了使用牙线的相关研究和研究发现。对12项研究的一项综述发现，经常刷牙和使用牙线的人牙龈出血的可能性较小。每天使用牙线的人有更健康的牙龈，牙齿保存的时间也更长。
26. 根据上文“Yur dentist has prbably been telling yu t flss fr years.(你的牙医可能已经告诉你使用牙线很多年了)”以及后文“36% f Americans wuld rather d smething unpleasant, like clean the tilet, than put string between their teeth.( 36%的美国人宁愿做一些不愉快的事情，比如洗马桶，也不愿把绳子塞到嘴里)”可知，上文提到牙医建议使用牙线，后文则说36%的美国人不愿意用牙线，可知本句提出的是不愿意使用牙线的情况，故D选项“如果你拒绝这样做，你不是一个人”符合语境，故选D。
27. 根据上文“That’s why many cheered at a news reprt that flssing might nt be necessary. The Assciated Press reviewed 25 studies and cncluded that flssing didn’t have prven health benefits. Shuld yu thrw away yur flss? Nt s fast.(这就是为什么有新闻报道称使用牙线可能没有必要时，许多人欢呼雀跃。美联社回顾了25项研究，得出结论称，用牙线清洁牙齿并没有被证明对健康有益。你应该扔掉你的牙线吗？别急着扔)”可知，上文提到别急着扔掉牙线，本句为本段最后一句，可推测是在说明不要扔掉牙线的原因是：许多牙科专家并不赞同上文提到的“用牙线清洁牙齿并没有被证明对健康有益”的观点。故A选项“许多牙科专家并不赞同”符合语境，故选A。
28. 根据上文“One review f 12 studies fund that peple wh brushed and flssed regularly were less likely t have bleeding gums.(对12项研究的一项综述发现，经常刷牙和使用牙线的人牙龈出血的可能性较小)”可知，上文提到了研究发现经常刷牙和使用牙线的人牙龈出血的可能性较小，可知本句应承接上文继续说明研究发现，C选项中They指代上文中peple wh brushed and flssed regularly。故C选项“他们也有较低水平的牙龈疾病”符合语境，故选C。
29. 根据后文“Sme think mre bacteria left in yur muth end up in yur bldstream, where they may cntribute t inflammatin in ther areas, like yur heart. What experts d knw is that peple wh dn’t have gum disease are less likely t have health prblems like heart disease.(一些人认为，留在口腔中的细菌最终会进入血液，从而导致心脏等其他部位的炎症。专家们所知道的是，没有牙龈疾病的人患心脏病等健康问题的可能性较小)”可知，后文提到了口腔中的细菌进入血液，从而导致心脏等其他部位的健康问题，可知本段主要是关于牙龈疾病和健康之间的联系，G选项中health对应后文中health。故G选项“牙龈疾病和健康之间的联系并不完全清楚”符合语境，故选G。
30. 根据上文“In fact, many dentists say the reasn they recmmend flssing isn’t because f research.(事实上，许多牙医说他们推荐使用牙线的原因并不是由于研究)”可知，上文提到许多牙医说他们推荐使用牙线的原因并不是由于研究，可知本句是在说明牙医推荐使用牙线的真正原因：因为他们在病人身上看到的东西。E选项中they指代上文dentists。故E选项“相反，这是因为他们在病人身上看到的东西”符合语境，故选E。
7
Many f us like t dine ut and treat urselves t delicius fd. We are used t chsing hearty fat-filled dishes and sugar-charged desserts, which are nt easily cked at hme.
31. Accrding t Ecnmic Daily, lw-calrie, lw-fat and high-fiber meals have becme ppular in China’s restaurants and nline delivery platfrms.
32. Accrding t a reprt released by a majr nline fd delivery platfrm, the number f light meals rdered nline als rse 75 percent frm the previus year.
Having a light meal, hwever, desn’t mean eating nly vegetables. Different frm the meat-free lifestyle, a typical light dish avids ily, salty and spicy fd. 33. Healthy nutrients are the theme f the light meal.
These dishes are useful fr keeping healthy and cntrlling yur weight. 34. Diners see it as “a great way t avid blating (变胖),’’ wrte the Telegraph.
These changes in eating behavir are cnnected t deeper changes in hw peple think abut fd, says Walter Willett, chair f the nutritin department at the Harvard T. Chan Schl f Public Health, US. “Diet quality, nt quantity, is imprtant fr bth weight cntrl and lng-term well-being,” Willett tld The New Yrk Times.
S next time yu have a party with friends, try a light meal. 35.
A. S light meals have a prmising future.
B. Peple tend t chse the fd that suit their taste.
C. It will satisfy nt nly yur stmachs but maybe als yur hearts.
D. The recent rise f light meals, hwever, gives diners a smarter chice.
E.The cuntry saw a rapid expansin f restaurants specializing in light meals.
F.Instead, it cntains things like biled meat, whle grains, fruits and vegetables.
G.That’s prbably why s many peple，especially millennials (千禧一代) are int them.
【答案】31. D 32. E 33. F 34. G 35. C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了现在很流行的清淡饮食，作者建议下次你和朋友聚会的时候，试着吃一顿清淡的饭菜。
31. 根据上文“Many f us like t dine ut and treat urselves t delicius fd. We are used t chsing hearty fat-filled dishes and sugar-charged desserts, which are nt easily cked at hme.”（我们很多人都喜欢外出就餐，享受美味的食物。 我们习惯于选择丰盛的高脂肪食物和含糖甜点，这些在家里不容易做）可知这里指出了一种现象。根据下文“Accrding t Ecnmic Daily, lw-calrie, lw-fat and high-fiber meals have becme ppular in China’s restaurants and nline delivery platfrms.”（据《经济日报》报道，低热量、低脂肪、高纤维餐食在中国的餐厅和在线外卖平台上很受欢迎）可知这里说明了低热量、低脂肪、高纤维餐食在中国的餐厅和在线外卖平台上很受欢迎。该空承上启下，指出一种新型餐食的兴起，D选项“然而，近来清淡饮食的兴起给了就餐者一个更明智的选择”切题，选项中的light meals对应下文中的Ecnmic Daily, lw-calrie, lw-fat and high-fiber meals，故选D。
32. 根据下文“Accrding t a reprt released by a majr nline fd delivery platfrm, the number f light meals rdered nline als rse 75 percent frm the previus year.”（据某大型在线食品配送平台发布的一份报告显示，在线订餐的数量也比去年增长了75%）可知该空引出下文，总体上说明在中国，以清淡饮食为主的餐馆迅速增长。E选项“在中国，以清淡饮食为主的餐馆迅速扩张”切题，选项中的a rapid expansin对应下文中的rse 75 percent frm the previus year，故选E。
33. 根据上文“Different frm the meat-free lifestyle, a typical light dish avids ily, salty and spicy fd.”（与不吃肉的生活方式不同，典型的清淡菜肴不吃油腻、咸和辣的食物）和下文“Healthy nutrients are the theme f the light meal.”（健康营养是这顿清淡餐的主题）可知这里说明了清淡饮食的特点。该空承上启下，说明清谈饮食的具体内容，F选项“相反，它含有煮熟的肉、全谷物、水果和蔬菜”切题，选项中的biled meat, whle grains, fruits and vegetables与下文中的Healthy nutrients相呼应，故选F。
34. 根据上文“These dishes are useful fr keeping healthy and cntrlling yur weight.”（这些菜对保持健康和控制体重很有用）可知这里说明了这些菜的好处，该空与上文构成因果关系，G选项“这可能就是为什么这么多人，尤其是千禧一代喜欢它们的原因”切题，故选G。
35. 根据上文“S next time yu have a party with friends, try a light meal.”（所以下次你和朋友聚会的时候，试着吃一顿清淡的饭菜）可知这里作者给出一个建议，该空承接上文，解释原因，C选项“它不仅能满足你的胃，也许还能满足你的心”切题，故选C。
8
Ways t prtect eyes frm screens
T much screen time may cause serius eye strain (眼疲劳) and even a sharp decline f eyesight. That's a big prblem a lt f peple are faced with nwadays, especially thse wh wrk n a cmputer. The fllwing tips may be helpful.
Get regular eye tests
Experts recmmend having a cmprehensive eye exam every year t detect (探测) prblems befre they develp. During this test, yu shuld tell the dctr hw ften yu use yur phne and yur cmputer. 36. Tell yur dctr abut it, and yur eyes can be tested mre accurately at that distance.
Give yur eyes space
37. Studies n cmputer-related eye strain suggest that screens shuld be n clser than 40 cm frm yur face. If this makes it hard fr yu t read, cnsider increasing the size f the text rather than mving the screen clser.
Take breaks
This may nt always be practical if yu're quite busy, but it's imprtant nt t stare directly at a screen fr t lng. 38. While surveys have shwn that many ffice wrkers take n mre than half an hur a day away frm their cmputer, it's recmmended that yu take a 15-minute break after every tw hurs spent at yur screen.
39. Staring at a screen cntinuusly fr hurs n end may make it difficult fr yu t fcus. T avid this, many eye experts recmmend the “20-20-20 rule” — lking away frm yur phne/cmputer screen every 20 minutes and fcusing n an bject at least 20 feet away fr at least 20 secnds. The science behind his trick is that lking at bjects at a distance relaxes the fcusing muscle in the eye. 40.
A. Exercise yur eyes.
B. Give yur eyes a chance t rest.
C. Make yur screen mre eye-friendly.
D. Studies shw it's an effective way t reduce tiredness.
E.Yu shuld als measure the distance frm yur eyes t yur screen at wrk.
F.The clser yur phne/cmputer screen is t yur eyes, the harder they have t wrk t fcus.
G.Make sure that yu use yur phne r cmputer in a rm where the lighting is bright enugh.
【答案】36. E 37. F 38. B 39. A 40. D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了当今许多人面临的一个大问题——经常面对电子屏幕导致眼睛疲劳，文章提出了几种保护眼睛免受屏幕伤害的方法。
36. 通过下文“Tell yur dctr abut it, and yur eyes can be tested mre accurately at that distance. (把这件事告诉你的医生，这样你的眼睛就能在这个距离上得到更准确的检测)”可知，作者建议将距离告诉医生，以寻求更准确的检测，可推知，上文是建议大家测距离。E项“你还应该在工作时测量眼睛到屏幕的距离。”符合文意，且E项中的“distance”与下文一致。故选E项。
37. 通过本段标题“Give yur eyes space (给你的眼睛留点空间)”可知，本段主要建议给眼睛留点空间。下文“that screens shuld be n clser than 40 cm frm yur face (屏幕距离脸部的距离不应小于40厘米)”说明屏幕与脸部之间应该保持适当距离。F项“手机或电脑屏幕离你的眼睛越近，你的眼睛就越难聚焦。”指出了眼睛离手机或电脑屏幕近的危害，引出了下文应保持适当距离的建议，符合文意。故选F项。
38. 上文“it's imprtant nt t stare directly at a screen fr t lng (不要长时间盯着屏幕很重要)”建议人们不要长时间盯着屏幕，设空处承上启下。下文“it's recmmended that yu take a 15-minute break after every tw hurs spent at yur screen (建议你每看两个小时屏幕后休息15分钟)”建议人们适当休息。B项“给你的眼睛一个休息的机会。”承上启下，符合文意。故选B项。
39. 通过下文“T avid this, many eye experts recmmend the “20-20-20 rule” — lking away frm yur phne/cmputer screen every 20 minutes and fcusing n an bject at least 20 feet away fr at least 20 secnds. (为了避免这种情况，许多眼科专家推荐“20-20-20规则”，也就是每20分钟让眼睛离开手机或电脑屏幕，盯着20英尺（约合0.9米）以外的物体看至少20秒)”可推知，本段主要建议大家锻炼眼睛来缓解疲劳。A项“锻炼你的眼睛。”符合段意。故选A项。
40. 上文“The science behind his trick is that lking at bjects at a distance relaxes the fcusing muscle in the eye. (这个把戏背后的科学原理是，看远处的物体会放松眼睛的聚焦肌肉)”解释了为什么“20-20-20规则”可以放松眼睛，缓解疲劳。D项“研究表明这是减少疲劳的有效方法。”承接上文，符合文意。故选D项。