新高考英语一轮复习练习考向53 阅读理解之词汇逻辑与词句猜测题的解答（2份打包，原卷版+解析版）

这是一份新高考英语一轮复习练习考向53 阅读理解之词汇逻辑与词句猜测题的解答（2份打包，原卷版+解析版），文件包含新高考英语一轮复习练习考向53阅读理解之词汇逻辑与词句猜测题的解答原卷版doc、新高考英语一轮复习练习考向53阅读理解之词汇逻辑与词句猜测题的解答解析版doc等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共38页， 欢迎下载使用。
【策略学习】
词语猜测题
词语猜测题主要考查考生猜测文章中某个单词、短语或词块的含义，或考查该词(块)能被哪个单词、短语或词块代替。此外，也会考查某一个熟词在具体语境中的特殊含义。
在猜测词义时，能利用构词法猜测的一定先利用构词法。
策略1：利用构词法猜测词义
构词法能够不借助阅读上下文便能够大体猜出词义，然后再结合语境猜测，这样事半功倍，而且有双重保险，大大提高了解题效率和正确率。所以我们主张：可以利用构词法的，一定先利用构词法，再结合语境解题。构词法主要有派生、合成和转化三种形式。例如2019年全国卷Ⅱ第25题：tug at the heartstrings中的heartstrings是合成词：heart(心)＋string(弦)→heartstrings心弦，故本单词可能与feeling有关。
【典例】 (2018·北京卷阅读D)
A study frm the University f Califrnia at Davis suggested that replacing petrl－pwered private cars wrldwide with electric，self－driving and shared systems culd reduce carbn emissins frm transprtatin 80% and cut the cst f transprtatin infrastructure(基础设施) and peratins 40% by 2050.Fewer emissins and cheaper travel sund pretty appealing.The first cmmercially available driverless cars will almst certainly be fielded by ride－hailing services，cnsidering the cst f self－driving technlgy as well as liability and maintenance issues (责任与维护问题).But driverless car wnership culd increase as the prices drp and mre peple becme cmfrtable with the technlgy.
49.What des the underlined wrd “fielded” in Paragraph 4 prbably mean?
A.Emplyed.B.Replaced.
C.Shared.D.Reduced.
【分析】 利用构词法猜测词义。field常用作名词，表示“场地，领域”，此处用作动词，引申为“使用，应用”。根据上段中画线词所在句的前半部分内容“The first cmmercially available driverless cars will almst certainly”并结合下句中的“as the prices drp and mre peple becme cmfrtable with the technlgy”可知，随着价格的降低以及人们对这项技术开始应用自如，第一批上市的无人驾驶车辆会“被应用”到“叫车服务”中。
策略2：利用反义词猜测词义
有时作者会用表示对比或转折的信号词连接意思相反的两个词或句子，这时就可根据反义词线索猜测词义。表示对比或反义的信号词(组)常见的有：(whether)，unlike，but，yet，hwever，while，althugh，nevertheless，instead，rather than，in cntrast, cntrary t，n the ther hand等。
【典例】 (2020·新高考卷Ⅰ阅读D)
Accrding t a recent study in the Jurnal f Cnsumer Research，bth the size and cnsumptin habits f ur eating cmpanins can influence ur fd intake.And cntrary t existing research that says yu shuld avid eating with heavier peple wh rder large prtins(份)，it’s the beanples with big appetites yu really need t avid.
13.What des the underlined wrd“beanples”in paragraph 1 refer t?
A.Big eaters.
B.Overweight persns.
C.Picky eaters.
D.Tall thin persns.
【分析】 利用反义词猜测词义。根据 “And cntrary t existing research that says yu shuld avid eating with heavier peple wh rder large prtins(份)，it’s the beanples with big appetites yu really need t avid.”，研究表明，与现存的研究发现(应该避免和食量大的胖人一起吃饭) 相反，你真正需要避开的是胃口大的又高又瘦的人。根据“cntrary t”可知，画线词与heavier peple含义相反。
策略3：利用上下文猜测词义
这是最常见的方法，一定要先从画线词语最近的位置找起，要求理解句子的顺序是：
本句的意思→前后句的意思→本段和前后段的意思
【典例】 (2020·全国卷Ⅲ阅读B)
Yet“Apes”is mre exceptin than the rule.In fact，Hllywd has been ht n live animals lately.One nnprfit rganizatin，which mnitrs the treatment f animals in filmed entertainment，is keeping__tabs__n mre than 2，000 prductins this year.Already，a number f films，including“Water fr Elephants，”“The Hangver Part Ⅱ”and “Zkeeper，”have drawn the anger f activists wh say the creatures acting in them haven’t been treated prperly.
26.What des the underlined phrase“keeping tabs n”in paragraph 3 prbably mean?
A.Listing cmpletely.
B.Directing prfessinally.
C.Prmting successfully.
D.Watching carefully.
【分析】 利用上下文猜测词义。根据最近句子 “One nnprfit than 2，000 prductins this year.”可知，一个非营利组织的工作就是监督在电影拍摄中动物是如何被对待的， 这个非营利组织正在密切关注今年2 000多部电影的制作。根据上下文语境，画线短语keeping tabs n与mnitr(监督)意义最为接近。
策略4：利用“语法关系”猜测词义
【典例】 (2018·全国卷Ⅰ阅读C)
In recent centuries，trade，industrialisatin，the develpment f the natin－state and the spread f universal cmpulsry educatin，especially glbalisatin and better cmmunicatins in the past few decades，all have caused many languages t disappear，and dminant languages such as English，Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking ver.
29.Which f the fllwing best explains “dminant” underlined in Paragraph 2?
A.Cmplex.B.Advanced.
C.Pwerful.D.Mdern.
【分析】 利用“语法关系”猜测词义。根据“dminant languages such as English，Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking ver”中such as后的内容可知，英语、西班牙语和汉语正在替代其他语言。由此推知，dminant languages意为“强有力的语言”。
策略5：利用“逻辑关系”猜测词义
【典例】 (2020·全国卷Ⅰ阅读B)
While I tend t buy a lt f bks，these three were given t me as gifts，which might add t the meaning I attach t them.But I imagine that，while mney is indeed wnderful and necessary，rereading an authr’s wrk is the highest currency a reader can pay them.The best bks are the nes that pen further as time passes.But remember，it’s yu that has t grw and read and reread in rder t better understand yur friends.
26.What des the underlined wrd“currency”in paragraph 4 refer t?
A.Debt.B.Reward.
C.Allwance.D.Face value.
【分析】 利用“逻辑关系”猜测词义。根据But I imagine highest currency a reader can pay them.可知，作者认为，虽然金钱确实是美妙而必要的，但重读作家的著作是读者对该作家的最高奖励，因此画线词在此处指“奖励”。
代词猜测与句意猜测题
代词猜测题主要考查文章中的人称代词、不定代词、指示代词或关系代词所指代的内容。解答这类题目时候一定要遵循“就近原则”，即：代词往上找，就近原则不能忘，找出离代词最近的名词、词组或句子等。
【典例】 (2020·浙江7月卷阅读B)
The traffic signals alng Factria Bulevard in Bellevue，Washingtn，generally dn’t flash the same length f green twice in a rw，especially at rush hur.At 9：30 am，the full red/yellw/green signal cycle might be 140 secnds.By 9：33 am，a burst f additinal traffic might push it t 145 secnds.Less traffic at 9：37 am culd push it dwn t 135.Just like the traffic itself，the timing f the signals changes.
That is by design.Bellevue，a fast－grwing city just east f Seattle，uses a system that is gaining ppularity arund the US：intersectin(十字路口)signals that can adjust in real time t traffic cnditins.These lights，knwn as adaptive signals，have led t significant declines in bth the truble and cst f travels between wrk and hme.
25. What des the underlined wrd “that” in paragraph 2 refer t?
A. Increased length f green lights.
B. Shrtened traffic signal cycle.
C. Flexible timing f traffic signals.
D. Smth traffic flw n the rad.
【分析】
·第一步 确定题干中的关键信息：the underlined wrd “that” in paragraph 2
·第二步 定位到原句，并找出该词所代替的内容：根据代词永远出现在原词之后的原则，故代词所指代的内容应在这一句的前面一句或者前面几个句子中。所以该词所代替的内容为：Just like the traffic itself，the timing f the signals changes.
·第三步 综合判断得出答案：that指代第一段中的多变的交通信号灯时间。
句意猜测题一般出现在前后文有解释的特殊含义的语句或高度概括句中，要求考生用合适的句子解释这一语句或这一语句的某一部分。锁定语句前后寻，意义吻合是解题关键。
【典例】 (2019·浙江6月卷阅读B)
Mney with n strings attached.It’s nt smething yu see every day.But at Unin Statin in Ls Angeles last mnth，a bard went up with dllar bills attached t it with pins and a sign that read，“Give What Yu Can，Take What Yu Need.”
24. What des the expressin “mney with n strings attached” in paragraph 1 mean?
A. Mney spent withut hesitatin.
B. Mney nt legally made.
C. Mney ffered withut cnditins.
D. Mney nt tied tgether.
【分析】
·第一步 定位到原句，找出题干关键信息在原文中的位置：mney with n strings attached
·第二步 寻找信息句，找出与该句相关的信息句：“Give What Yu Can，Take What Yu Need.”
·第三步 分析选项，细读信息句，合理推断画线句的句意。综合判断得出画线句的意思应该是“无条件提供钱”。
·第四步 仔细比对选项，Mney ffered withut cnditins.符合句意。
【检测训练】
1
The Internatinal Mther Language Day is n February 21st and it was created by the United Natins t help preserve indigenus(土著的) languages arund the wrld.
Due t glbalizatin, indigenus languages are increasingly under threat f extinctin. Every tw weeks a language disappears, taking with it an entire culture’s heritage and thus diminishing the wrld’s cultural diversity. At least 43 percent f the estimated 6000 languages spken in the wrld are endangered, nly a few hundred are frmally taught and used and fewer than 100 are used in the digital wrld, accrding t UNESCO.
Like languages arund the wrld, indigenus Australian languages are under increasing threat f extinctin. The Australian Institute f Abriginal and Trres Strait Islander Studies understands that in Australia, there were mre than 250 indigenus Australian languages, including 800 dialects, r lcal variatins, at the time f Eurpean settlement in 1788. Tday nly abut 13 indigenus Australian languages have enugh yung peple speaking them fr them t survive.
Indigenus languages everywhere are much mre than just a way f cmmunicating. Yuin wman Anne Martin, educatr and frmer natinal NAIDOC Cmmittee C-Chair, described indigenus languages as “the breath f life”. “Indigenus languages are nt just a means f cmmunicatin, they express knwledge abut everything: Law, gegraphy, histry, family and human relatinships, philsphy, religin, anatmy, childcare, health, caring fr cuntry, astrnmy, bilgy and fd. Each language is assciated with an area f land and has a deep spiritual significance, and it is thrugh their wn languages that indigenus natins maintain their cnnectin with their ancestrs, land and law,” she said in an interview published by La Trbe University.
Internatinal Mther Language Day has been bserved every year since February 2000. In 2019, the theme is: “Indigenus languages matter fr develpment, peace building and recnciliatin(和解)”. One f UNESCO’s gals fr that year’s Internatinal Mther Language Day is t cllect prverbs in as many f the wrld’s indigenus languages as pssible. The prverbs were cmpiled and the mst apprpriate nes published by the UN n its website and ther publicatins. And the theme fr Internatinal Mther Language Day 2020 is “Languages withut brders”.
1. What des the underlined wrd “diminishing” in paragraph 2 prbably mean?
A. Decrease.B. Add.
C. Create.D. Replace.
2. What des paragraph 3 mainly talk abut?
A. The increasing number f indigenus languages.
B. The develpment f indigenus languages.
C. The endangered situatin f indigenus languages.
D. The ppularity f indigenus languages.
3. What des Anne Martin think f indigenus languages?
A. They are just used fr cmmunicatin with each ther.
B. They are lsely cnnected with their ancestrs, land and law.
C. They are very imprtant fr indigenus natins all ver the wrld.
D. They are abut nt nly cmmunicatin but knwledge abut all fields.
4. What is the best title fr the text?
A. The Theme f Internatinal Mther Language Day.
B. An Intrductin f Internatinal Mther Language Day.
C. The Prtectin f Indigenus Languages in the Wrld.
D. The Decrease f Indigenus Languages in the Wrld.
【答案】1. A 2. C 3. D 4. B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了国际母语日的相关内容。2月21日是国际母语日，该节日由联合国发起，旨在帮助保护世界各地的土著语言。每两个星期就有一种语言消失，整个文化遗产也随之消失，世界文化的多样性也随之减少。然而，土著语言不仅仅是一种交流手段，还表达出了包罗万象各个领域的知识。于是，旨在保护土著语言的国际母语日诞生了。
1. 词义猜测题。分析划线单词所在句“Every tw weeks a language disappears, taking with it an entire culture’s heritage and thus diminishing the wrld’s cultural diversity.”可知，句中“thus”意为“因此”，由此可知，“diminishing the wrld’s cultural diversity”为之前句“Every tw weeks a language disappears, taking with it an entire culture’s heritage”造成的结果，结合之前句含义为“每两个星期就有一种语言消失，整个文化遗产也随之消失 ”，由此可推知，语言消失，就会造成该语言代表的文化的消失，进一步会造成世界文化不再那么多样性，即，世界多样性的减少。由此可推知，划线单词“diminishing”应是“减少”含义，与选项A“decrease(减少)”表达含义一致。故选A项。
2. 主旨大意题。通过阅读文章第三段内容可知，该段第一句为该段主旨句，“Like languages arund the wrld, indigenus Australian languages are under increasing threat f extinctin.(与世界各地的语言一样，澳大利亚土著语言正面临越来越大的灭绝威胁。)”，即，该段主要围绕澳大利亚土著语言面临的灭绝威胁进行讲述的。选项C“The endangered situatin f indigenus languages.(土著语言的濒危状况。)”概括了该段主旨。故选C项。
3. 细节理解题。根据文章第四段内容中Anne Martin的话“Indigenus languages are nt just a means f cmmunicatin, they express knwledge abut everything: Law, gegraphy, histry, family and human relatinships, philsphy, religin, anatmy, childcare, health, caring fr cuntry, astrnmy, bilgy and fd.(土著语言不仅仅是一种交流手段，它们表达的知识包罗万象：法律、地理、历史、家庭和人际关系、哲学、宗教、解剖学、儿童保育、保健、照料国家、天文学、生物学和食物。)”可知，在她看来，土著语言不仅仅是一种交流手段，还表达出了包罗万象的各个领域的知识。故选D项。
4. 主旨大意题。通过阅读文章可知，文章首段揭示了文章的主旨要义，“The Internatinal Mther Language Day is n February 21st and it was created by the United Natins t help preserve indigenus languages arund the wrld.( 2月21日是国际母语日，该节日由联合国发起，旨在帮助保护世界各地的土著语言。)”，即，文章主要围绕“国际母语日”这一为了保护世界各地的土著语言的节日而讲述的，并在后文段落讲到了其起因和目的。选项B“An Intrductin f Internatinal Mther Language Day.(国际母语日简介。)”贴合文章主旨要义。故选B项。
2
Fr tday’s increasingly intercnnected fd supply chains, “efficient” is what it’s suppsed t be: Each cuntry specializes in what it’s best, at and puts it n the glbal market. Prducers and prcessrs within cuntries specialize, t, as a way t minimize csts. As a result, at least in thery, prices stay lw, the wrld gets fed and everyne wins.
Hwever, the crnavirus crisis demnstrates what is wrng with this apprach. When barriers prevent fd frm reaching its markets, r demand suddenly drps — bth f which are happening nw — the system falls apart.
Specializatin f the fd system makes it hard t shift int different markets when disruptins arise. Belgium, a leading exprter f ptates, lst sales nt nly t lcal restaurants but als t ther cuntries because f lckdwns（封锁）. At least the Belgians can try t eat the ptates at hme. That strategy wn't wrk fr every crp: Ghana, the wrld’s tp cca exprter, lst markets when peple stalled fcusing n buying essential items instead f chclate.
The lss in exprt incme in Africa mre generally culd have a huge impact if the pandemic cntinues, as many cuntries there rely heavily n imprted wheat and rice. The prices f these grains have sared nt nly because f rising demand fr these grains during the crisis, but als because a few cuntries — including Russia and Vietnam — impsed exprt restrictins ut f fear that sending fd abrad wuld lead t higher prices at hme.
Cncentrated markets dminated by just a handful f cmpanies heighten fd system fragility. Fr example, just three meatpacking plants prcess ver 95 percent f Canada’s beef and nearly all f its beef exprts. Nw, thse meat prcessing plants have had t temprarily shut dwn because f utbreaks f COVID-19 amng wrkers.
Seeing the spiled prducts acrss the wrld shuld frce all f us t rethink ur “efficient” fd supplies. We need t rejuvenate（使恢复活力）lcal and reginal fd systems t reduce the vulnerabilities that cme with being t reliant n imprted and crprate-dminated fds. This desn’t mean cutting ff all trade r ablishing all packaged fds, but it des mean building diversity, and increasing pprtunities fr small and medium-scale enterprises t flurish in shrter, mre sustainable fd supply chains that are clser t hme.
One place t start is fr gvernments t shift their supprt frm the large-scale, specialized and exprt-riented fd system t building infrastructure fr mre diverse lcal fd systems. Arund the wrld, small-scale and rganic prducers have been verwhelmed with the surge in interest frm custmers wh want t buy directly frm farmers during the crisis. But these prducers ften lack the infrastructure t meet that demand. As gvernments arund the wrld pass stimulus packages t address the crisis, building mre diverse and lcalized fd systems shuld be an bvius inclusin.
5. In thery, specializatin f the fd system ________.
A. adapts t changes efficientlyB. balances supply and demand
C. fcuses n essential itemsD. reduces csts f prductin
6. The underlined wrd “fragility” in Paragraph 5 means ________.
A. weaknessB. diversity
C. unfairnessD. cmplexity
7. What can we learn frm the passage?
A. A few cuntries restrict exprts t stabilize lcal fd prices.
B. Grain prices rise due t Africa’s dependence n imprtatin.
C. Ghana might be less affected by lckdwns than Belgium was.
D. Packaged-fd cnsumptin shuld be encuraged t address the crisis.
8. The main purpse f this passage is t ________.
A. expse fd security issues during the crisis
B. advcate establishing diverse lcal fd systems
C. discuss the develpment f a sustainable ecnmy
D. prve the imprtance f sund gvernment plicies
【答案】5. D 6. A 7. A 8. B
【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章讲述了，从理论上讲，粮食系统的专业化降低了生产成本，但新冠肺炎疫情的爆发暴露了这种方法的问题，文章通过对实例的讨论表明建立多样化的地方食品体系势在必行。
5. 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Prducers and prcessrs within cuntries specialize, t, as a way t minimize csts.”（各国的生产商和加工者也进行专业化，以尽量降低成本。）可知，从理论上讲，粮食系统的专业化降低了生产成本。故选D项。
6. 词义猜测题。根据第五段第二句“Fr example, just three meatpacking plants prcess ver 95 percent f Canada’s beef and nearly all f its beef exprts. ”（例如，仅三家肉类加工厂就加工了加拿大95%以上的牛肉和几乎所有的牛肉出口。），第三句“Nw, thse meat prcessing plants have had t temprarily shut dwn because f utbreaks f COVID-19 amng wrkers.”（现在，由于工人中爆发了COVID-19病毒，这些肉类加工厂不得不暂时关闭。）和第六段第二句“We need t rejuvenate（使恢复活力）lcal and reginal fd systems t reduce the vulnerabilities that cme with being t reliant n imprted and crprate-dminated fds.”（我们需要振兴地方和区域食品体系，以减少过于依赖进口和企业主导的食品带来的脆弱性。）可知，此处是指由少数几家公司主导的集中市场加剧了食品体系的脆弱性。所以fragility意为“脆弱”。故选A项。
7. 细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“The prices f these grains have sared nt nly because f rising demand fr these grains during the crisis, but als because a few cuntries — including Russia and Vietnam — impsed exprt restrictins ut f fear that sending fd abrad wuld lead t higher prices at hme.”（这些粮食的价格飙升，不仅是因为危机期间对这些粮食的需求不断上升，还因为包括俄罗斯和越南在内的一些国家，由于担心把粮食出口到国外会导致国内价格上涨，实施了出口限制。）可知，少数国家限制粮食出口以稳定当地食品价格。故选A项。
8. 推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“One place t start is fr gvernments t shift their supprt frm the large-scale, specialized and exprt-riented fd system t building infrastructure fr mre diverse lcal fd systems.”（首先，政府将其支持从大规模、专门化和出口导向的粮食系统转向为更多样化的地方粮食系统建设基础设施。）和最后一句“As gvernments arund the wrld pass stimulus packages t address the crisis, building mre diverse and lcalized fd systems shuld be an bvius inclusin.”（随着世界各国政府通过刺激方案来应对危机，建立更加多样化和地方化的食品体系显然应该包括在内。）可知，文章的主要目的是倡导建立多样化的地方食品体系。故选B项。
3
Men hunted.Wmen gathered. But the discvery f a wman buried 9,000 years ag in the Andes Muntains with weapns and hunting tls challenges this widely accepted view. The wman, thught t be between 17 and 19 years ld when she died, was buried with items that suggested she hunted big-game animals by spear (矛) thrwing.
The bjects accmpanying peple in death tend t be thse that accmpanied them in life. Althugh sme schlars have suggested a rle fr wmen in ancient hunting, thers have dismissed this idea even when hunting tls were uncvered in female burials.
T examine whether this wman fund at this site was an exceptin, the researchers examined 429 skeletns at 107 burial sites frm arund 8,000 t 14,000 years ag. Of thse, 27 individuals were buried with hunting tls—11 were female and 15 were male. The sample was sufficient t “justify the cnclusin that female participatin in early big-game hunting was likely nntrivial,” said lead study authr Haas.
The findings add t dubts abut “man-the-hunter” assumptin abut early humans since the mid-20th century. That thery assumes that it was men wh went ut and hunted, bringing hme meat t feed wmen and children, wh were respnsible fr gathering berries, plants and nuts t enrich the dict.
But recent research suggests hunting was very much a cmmunity-based activity, needing the participatin f all able-bdied individuals t drive large animals, the study said. Meanwhile, the spears used at that time had lw accuracy, encuraging participatin, and using it was a skill learned frm childhd. Wmen may als have been freed frm child care demands by “all-parenting”—raising children was a jb shared by many.
“Our findings have made me rethink the mst basic rganizatinal structure f ancient hunter-gatherer grups, and human grups mre generally,” Haas said.
9. The discvery f the buried wman shws ________.
A. she was killed by a big-game animalB. she might use hunting tls when alive
C. wmen were gd at thrwing spearsD. wmen were buried alne after death
10. The underlined wrd “nntrivial” in Paragraph 3 prbably means “________”.
A. limitedB. directC. significantD. passive
11. Which f the fllwing lead t wmen’s invlvement in hunting?
①all-parenting ②big-game hunting ③tasks f gathering ④less accurate tls
A. ①②③B. ②③④C. ①③④D. ①②④
12. Haas prbably believes that ________.
A. mst f ur ancestrs were buried with hunting tls
B. we shuld recnsider previus views n human grups
C. divisin f labr in hunter-gatherer sciety remains unchanged
D. the tmb fund in the Andes justifies “man-the-hunter” assumptin
【答案】9. B 10. C 11. D 12. B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。研究了古代狩猎中女性所扮演的角色，介绍了狩猎群体的组织结构。
9. 推理判断题。根据第一段中“The wman, thught t be between 17 and 19 years ld when she died, was buried with items that suggested she hunted big-game animals by spear (矛) thrwing. (这名女性被认为死的时候在17岁到19岁之间，埋葬的物品表明她用长矛猎杀大型猎物) ”，研究人员发现的女性说明她活着的时候可能会用打猎工具，故选B。
10. 词句猜测题。根据第三段中“Of thse, 27 individuals were buried with hunting tls—11 were female and 15 were male. The sample was sufficient t “justify the cnclusin that female participatin in early big-game hunting was likely nntrivial,” said lead study authr Haas. (其中，27人埋葬的地方有狩猎工具，其中11人是女性，15人是男性。研究报告的主要作者Haas说，这一样本足以证明“女性参与早期大型狩猎活动可能是nntrivial”的结论)”，可知，在研究中发现的埋葬的地方有狩猎工具的男女比例相当，因此，女性在早期大型狩猎中有参与这一观点应当是正确的，是有重要意义的，故选C。
11. 细节理解题。根据第五段“But recent research suggests hunting was very much a cmmunity-based activity, needing the participatin f all able-bdied individuals t drive large animals, the study said. Meanwhile, the spears used at that time had lw accuracy, encuraging participatin, and using it was a skill learned frm childhd. Wmen may als have been freed frm child care demands by “all-parenting”—raising children was a jb shared by many. (但最近的研究表明，狩猎在很大程度上是一种以社区为基础的活动，需要所有身体健全的人参与大型动物的狩猎。同时，当时使用的长矛精度不高，所以鼓励大家都参与，使用长矛是从小学习的技能。女性也可以通 过“另类育儿”从育儿需求中解脱出来——抚养孩子是许多人共同的工作)”，可知，另类育儿解放了女性，大型狩猎以及使用的低精度的工具需要女性参与狩猎，也就是①②④导致女性参与狩猎，故选D。
12. 细节理解题。最后一段““Our findings have made me rethink the mst basic rganizatinal structure f ancient hunter-gatherer grups, and human grups mre generally,” Haas said. (Hass说：“我们的发现让我重新思考了古代狩猎采集群体最基本的组织结构，以及更普遍的人类群体 ”)”，可知，Haas认为我们应当重新思考之前对人类群体的看法。故选B。
4
In summer 2007, I jined the British Red Crss at 15. After several days f training. I was attending my first event as a fully qualified Red Crss vlunteer. Our team was prviding medical cver fr a large martial arts grading event.
Althugh I'd passed my first aid curse with flying clurs, I was nervus befre the event began. There's quite a difference between the classrm and the real thing! Tw experienced adult vlunteers wuld be wrking with me fr the day.
Rsie was taking part in the under-16s event. This was suppsed t be nn-cntact, and she was wearing full prtective clthing just in case. All these precautins didn't help, hwever, when her cmpetitr misjudged a mve and delivered a vilent blw t her head.
“Guys, we need sme help ver here!” Over we went, all three f us carrying varius bits f kit. Rsie was lying n the grund. As we apprached we culd see she was cnscius. Brian, my clleague tk the lead.
“Hey there, stay nice and still fr me. Chris here is just ging t hld yur head. Dn't wrry; it's just a precautin.”
I helped, painfully aware that hundreds f sets f eyes were fllwing ur every mve. Hwever I sn frgt all abut this as I fcused n the task at hand.
Rsie was cmplaining f pain in her neck. These are all classic signs f a pssible spinal injury. Quickly, Brian fund there were n ther injuries and an ambulance was called. I was still hlding her head and ding my best t cmfrt her.
The dctrs arrived and we put Rsie carefully int the ambulance fr a trip t hspital. Then we went back t the first aid pst quickly.
Ten years n I've met many mre peple like Rsie—in need f help. I've mved n frm being a trainee t a trainer, frm an inexperienced first aider t being part f an emergency ambulance team.
When a call cmes in, that slight feeling f nervusness is still there. Hwever, s is the feeling f making a difference, being there during a painful mment in smene's life.
13. What des the underlined part “with flying clurs” prbably mean?
A. Slwly.B. Successfully.C. Prly.D. Carefully.
14. Hw was Rsie injured?
A. She was hit by mistake.B. She made a wrng mve.
C. She didn't take precautins.D. She was nt herself and fell.
15. Hw did the authr help Rsie?
A. She tk her t hspital.B. She held her head and calmed her.
C. She checked her injuries.D. She did smething fr her pain.
16. What d we knw abut the authr nw?
A. She ften receives first aid training.
B. She's wrking as a prfessinal dctr.
C. She feels a sense f achievement abut her wrk.
D. She's n lnger nervus when perfrming first aid.
【答案】13. B 14. A 15. B 16. C
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者15岁时第一次作为一名合格的红十字会志愿者参加活动，帮助一名受伤的青少年Rsie的故事。
13. 词义猜测题。根据第一段中“In summer 2007, I jined the British Red Crss at 15. After several days f training. I was attending my first event as a fully qualified Red Crss vlunteer.( 2007年夏天，15岁的我加入了英国红十字会。经过几天的训练。这是我第一次作为一名合格的红十字会志愿者参加活动)”以及画线词上文“I'd passed my first aid curse”可知，作者成功地通过了急救课程考核，成为一名合格的红十字会志愿者。故画线词意思是“成功地”。A. Slwly.缓慢地；B. Successfully.成功地；C. Prly.差劲地；D. Carefully.仔细地。故选B。
14. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“All these precautins didn't help, hwever, when her cmpetitr misjudged a mve and delivered a vilent blw t her head.(然而，当她的对手误判了一个动作，给了她头部一记重击时，所有这些预防措施都无济于事)”可知，Rsie被误撞而受伤的。故选A。
15. 细节理解题。根据第七段中“I was still hlding her head and ding my best t cmfrt her.(我仍然抱着她的头，尽力安慰她)”可知，作者抱住 Rsie的头部并不断安抚她。故选B。
16. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“When a call cmes in, that slight feeling f nervusness is still there. Hwever, s is the feeling f making a difference, being there during a painful mment in smene's life.(当有任务来临的时候，那种轻微的紧张感仍然存在。然而，在别人生命中痛苦时刻的感受也一样)”可推知，作者对自己的工作有一种成就感。故选C。
5
That summer, I went t a small and rather remte village f Manitba’s as a substitute fr a sick teacher. It was a very pr village with a few humble wden huses. There was nthing but the spruce arund me. Culd I leave a deep impressin n the children in just a mnth? Is a mnth really wrth the effrt? I was really dubtful abut these tw questins.
Maybe the children had the same ideas, because I had never seen s depressing, sad, and even bitter facial expressins. I had little experience in teaching, and my age was like that f thse children.
Mst f them had thin eyes, dark skin, and shiny black hair, which indicated they were mixed bld children f French and Indian.
At nine ’ clck, the classrm was already as ht as a stve. I didn’t knw where I shuld start. Then I called frm a list f names, expecting the respnse. They std up, and gave me the reply. Hwever, when Ylanda was called, there was n respnse …Still n respnse …Abut 15 secnds later, a vice came frm the back f the classrm with the buzzing f flies. “She’s dead. She died last night.”
The tne f the child’ s vice was astnishing but plain, and perhaps nthing culd be mre painful than t narrate in that tne. “Ah!” I cried ut, nt knwing what t say. The children and I lked at each ther fr a lng time and we were silent. I understd that what I had seen frm the children’s eyes and faces, which I had thught was the expressin f indifference, turned ut t be a great pain.
“Since Ylanda was yur classmate, wuld yu like t see her at fur ’ clck after schl?” There was a smile n the children’s serius little faces. It was a smile, thugh frmal and sad.
After fur ’clck, I saw that many children were waiting fr me at the schl gate. There were mre than 20 children in ttal. Sme f them walked in frnt t guide me. The thers held me tightly, which almst made me unable t walk. Five r six yunger children tk my hand and gently led me frward, just like leading a blind guy. I uncnsciusly remembered thse names, and they are still fresh in my memry, including Ylanda.
17. The authr went t a small remte village t________.
A. have a summer trip
B. teach fr a shrt time
C. have a gd time with children
D. achieve mre teaching experience
18. What des the underlined wrd “indifference” in Paragraph 5 prbably mean?
A. Uncncern.
B. Dissatisfactin.
C. Disagreement.
D. Friendliness.
19. What can we infer frm the stry?
A. The children were unwilling t see Ylanda after schl.
B. The children were upset abut their mixed bld identity.
C. The authr was mved by the lve f the pr children.
D. The authr was cnfident abut his teaching at first.
【答案】17. B 18. A 19. C
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在支教的时候，在一个月的时间里学生之间的那种友爱给作者留下了深刻的印象。
17. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“That summer, I went t a small and rather remte village f Manitba’s as a substitute fr a sick teacher. (那年夏天，我去了马尼托巴省一个偏僻的小村庄，代替一位生病的老师。)”可知，作者去了一个偏僻的小村庄去教学。故选B项。
18. 词义猜测题。根据“I understd that what I had seen frm the children’s eyes and faces, which I had thught was the expressin f indifference, turned ut t be a great pain. (我明白了，我从孩子们的眼神和脸上所看到的，原本以为是___________表情，其实是一种巨大的痛苦。)”由我从孩子们的眼睛和脸上看到的，我原以为是____________表情，结果是很痛苦的，可知划线单词indifference应该是“漠不关心的”。故选A项。
19. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“After fur ’clck, I saw that many children were waiting fr me at the schl gate. There were mre than 20 children in ttal. Sme f them walked in frnt t guide me. The thers held me tightly, which almst made me unable t walk. Five r six yunger children tk my hand and gently led me frward, just like leading a blind guy. (四点钟以后，我看到许多孩子在学校门口等我。总共有20多个孩子。他们中的一些走在前面给我引路。其他人紧紧地抱着我，这几乎使我无法行走。五六岁的孩子拉着我的手，轻轻地领着我往前走，就像领着一个盲人一样。)”可知，作者应该被这些孩子的爱所感动。故选C项。
6
There is a schl in my Manhattan neighburhd that has been giving ut free meals during the Cvid-19 pandemic-and every time I walk past it the line seems lnger. A cmmunity fridge recently shwed up a cuple f blcks away; it’s ne f many that activists have fixed acrss the city t fight against grwing fd insecurity. Just arund the crner there’s a yung wman wh has becme a regular amng the beggars I usually see in the area. She lst her jb because f Cvid-19.
It’s nt all dm and glm. While the pr are getting prer, the 1% are making ut like rbbers. America’s 600-plus billinaires saw their wealth grw by mre than $700bn in the first few mnths f the pandemic. During the same perid, mre than 50 millin American wrkers lst their jbs. The US gvernment has printed trillins f dllars in ecnmic relief but many f the frgivable emergency lans fr small businesses seem t have been taken by the super-rich. My lcal independent cffee shp has clsed dwn, but Kanye West received a partially frgivable lan wrth at least $2m. It is becming increasingly clear that the US is experiencing ne f the biggest wealth transfers in histry.
Bernie Sanders has a plan t help. Last week, Sanders intrduced a bill, Make Billinaires Pay Act, that wuld establish a ne-time 60% tax n billinaires’ pandemic gains and use the mney t guarantee Americans free health care fr a year. There is very little chance the bill will get passed.
Billinaires shuldn’t exist in the first place-the idea that they shuld be taxed at a higher rate during a pandemic t help pay health care shuldn’t be remtely cntrversial. Hwever, there are sme wh think such a mve wuld be extremely unfair t “pr unfrtunate” billinaires wh, as we all knw, are ne f the mst unfairly hurt grups in the wrld.
20. Hw des the authr develp the first tw paragraphs?
A. By listing numbers.B. By giving definitins.
C. By presenting arguments.D. By making cntrasts.
21. The underlined sentence “It’s nt all dm and glm.” implies that ________.
A. the writer desn’t feel depressed at all
B. the current situatin f Cvid-19 is getting better
C. the wman has suffered mre than we can imagine
D. the billinaires still make prfits during the pandemic
22. The bill, Make Billinaires Pay Act, was put frward t ________.
A. rid the cuntry f pandemic
B. restrict the billinaires’ frtune
C. prvide shrt-term lans fr health care
D. ensure temprary free medical service
23. What is the authr’s attitude twards the billinaires?
A. Disapprving.B. Disappinted.
C. Sympathetic.D. Respectful.
【答案】20. D 21. D 22. D 23. A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了在新冠病毒期间美国的贫富差距，并提到了一个法案，通过提高富人的税率纳税来帮助支付其他美国人的医疗费用。
20. 推理判断题。根据第一段“There is a schl in my Manhattan neighburhd that has been giving ut free meals during the Cvid-19 pandemic-and every time I walk past it the line seems lnger.（我住的曼哈顿社区有一所学校，在Cvid-19大流行期间一直在发放免费餐食——每次经过它，排队的人似乎都更长了。）”可知，第一段主要讲述了在新冠病毒期间，美国一些不富裕的人依靠救济生活的状况，第二段“America’s 600-plus billinaires saw their wealth grw by mre than $700bn in the first few mnths f the pandemic. During the same perid, mre than 50 millin American wrkers lst their jbs.（在疫情爆发的头几个月里，美国600多名亿万富翁的财富增长了逾7000亿美元。在同一时期，超过5000万美国工人失去了工作。）”说明在新冠病毒期间，美国富人反而赚了更多的钱。可见，作者对第一、二段通过对比的手法展开，体现了美国的贫富差距之大。故选D项。
21. 词句猜测题。根据第二段“America’s 600-plus billinaires saw their wealth grw by mre than $700bn in the first few mnths f the pandemic. During the same perid, mre than 50 millin American wrkers lst their jbs.（在疫情爆发的头几个月里，美国600多名亿万富翁的财富增长了逾7000亿美元。在同一时期，超过5000万美国工人失去了工作。）”可知，第二段主要讲述了在新冠病毒期间，美国富人反而赚了更多的钱。第二段和第一段形成对比，以体现美国的贫富差距之大，因此，作者这里说“It’s nt all dm and glm.（这不全是厄运和阴郁。）”显然是在反讽，说明亿万富翁们在大流行期间仍在盈利。故选D项。
22. 细节理解题。根据第三段“Last week, Sanders intrduced a bill, Make Billinaires Pay Act, that wuld establish a ne-time 60% tax n billinaires’ pandemic gains and use the mney t guarantee Americans free health care fr a year.（上周，Sanders提出了一项法案——《让亿万富翁支付法案》，该法案将对亿万富翁的流行病收益征收一次性60%的税，并用这笔钱来保证美国人一年的免费医疗保健。）”可知，Sanders提出的这项法案是用富人的钱去保证美国人一年的免费治疗。因此这项法案的目的是保证美国人暂时的免费医疗服务。故选D项。
23. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Billinaires shuldn’t exist in the first place-the idea that they shuld be taxed at a higher rate during a pandemic t help pay health care shuldn’t be remtely cntrversial.（亿万富翁本来就不应该存在——在流感大流行期间，他们应该以更高的税率来帮助支付医疗保健费用，这一点根本就不应该引起争议。）”可知，作者认为亿万富翁本来就不应该存在，说明作者对亿万富翁是反对的。故选A项。
7
Whether hunting r cmpeting fr limited space and resurces, humans are the planet’s super predatr(捕食者). As the human ppulatin expands, it’s getting harder fr ther creatures t find smewhere t hide during the day. Nw new findings indicate animals arund the wrld have cme up with anther strategy: They are becming ncturnal.
In a paper published in Science, researchers analyzed 76 previus scientific studies abut human impact n animal activity. They cmpared animals’ activity during the day and night in areas f high human disturbance (frm hunting r farming t hiking and ther utdr recreatin) and lw human disturbance (relatively natural cnditins). The analysis shwed animals are becming an average f 1.36 times mre ncturnal due t high human disturbance.
Fr example, in Pland wild bars g frm 48% ncturnal in natural frests t 90% ncturnal in urban areas. Even activities peple cnsider relatively inncuus, such as hiking and wildlife viewing, strngly affected animals’ daily rhythms. “We think that we’re leaving n trace ften when we’re utdrs, but we can be having lasting cnsequences n animal behavir,” says Kaitlyn Gaynr, lead researcher fr the study.
This is nt the first time animals have had t live at night; during the time f dinsaurs, they were als ncturnal. “Dinsaurs were this ubiquitus(无处不在的), scary frce, and nly after their extinctin did mammals(哺乳动物) emerge int the daylight,” Gaynr says. “And nw humans have taken ver and are pushing ther animals back int the night.”
Scientists suspect becming ncturnal may hurt thse species highly adapted t the sun. They might nt be able t live well at night, which wuld ultimately hurt their chances f survival and reprductin. Perhaps even mre alarming effects culd be in the wider ecsystem. In Califrnia’s Santa Cruz Muntains, cytes have been mre ncturnal in respnse t hikers and have started t alter their diets frm daytime prey, such as squirrels and birds, t ncturnal prey, such as rats and rabbits.
Exactly hw eclgical cmmunities will change, and whether it will be fr better r wrse, requires further study. Sme nighttime shifts may benefit bth animals and humans, Gaynr ntes. Fr instance, tigers in Nepal are aviding ptentially deadly cnflicts with peple as they becme mre ncturnal.
Studies like this ne will eventually help cnservatin managers make better decisins abut hw t prtect ecsystems. “We’ll need t understand lcal dynamics t really understand hw we shuld be changing management f wildlife ppulatins r human activities,” Gaynr ntes, “One ptential apprach might be t manage the timing f human activities s that we leave sme f the daylight fr ther animals.”
24. Hw d animals respnd t increasing human disturbance?
A. By limiting fd intake.B. By leaving their habitat.
C. By cntrlling ppulatin.D. By adjusting daily rutine.
25. What des the underlined wrd “inncuus” in Paragraph 3 prbably mean?
A. Harmless.B. Recreatinal.C. Organized.D. Irregular.
26. Why des the authr mentin dinsaurs?
A. T highlight the imprtance f daylight.
B. T indicate the dminatin f humans.
C. T illustrate mammals’ adaptability.
D. T demnstrate dinsaurs’ pwer.
27. What can we learn abut animals’ becming ncturnal?
A. It has led t a new eclgical balance.
B. It demands mre cnservatin areas.
C. It may encurage bi-diversity.
D. It might be duble-edged.
【答案】24. D 25. A 26. B 27. D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。随着人类人口的增长，其他生物在白天更难找到藏身之处。现在，新的发现表明，世界各地的动物想出了另一种策略：它们正变成夜行动物。
24. 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“The analysis shwed animals are becming an average f 1.36 times mre ncturnal due t high human disturbance.”（分析显示，由于人类的干扰，动物的夜间活动平均增加了1.36倍。）可知，动物们通过调整日常作息来应对日益增加的人类干扰。故选D。
25. 词义猜测题。根据第三段第三句“We think that we’re leaving n trace ften when we’re utdrs, but we can be having lasting cnsequences n animal behavir”（我们认为我们在户外时通常不会留下任何痕迹，但我们可能会对动物行为产生持久的影响）可知，划线部分所在句子“Even activities peple cnsider relatively inncuus, such as hiking and wildlife viewing, strngly affected animals’ daily rhythms.”即使是我们认为相对没有害处的活动也会极大地影响动物的日常节奏。所以inncuus意为“无害的”，与harmless同义。故选A。
26. 推理判断题。根据第四段第二句“Dinsaurs were this ubiquitus(无处不在的), scary frce, and nly after their extinctin did mammals(哺乳动物) emerge int the daylight”（恐龙是如此无处不在，令人恐惧的力量，只有在它们灭绝后，哺乳动物才会出现在阳光下）和第三句“And nw humans have taken ver and are pushing ther animals back int the night.”（现在人类取代了恐龙，把其它动物们赶回黑夜。）可推知，作者提到恐龙是为了表明人类的统治。故选B。
27. 推理判断题。根据第五段第一句“Scientists suspect becming ncturnal may hurt thse species highly adapted t the sun.”（科学家怀疑，夜间活动可能会伤害那些高度适应阳光的物种。）和第六段第二句“Sme nighttime shifts may benefit bth animals and humans”（一些夜间转变可能对动物和人类都有利）可知，动物变成夜间活动对动物和人类既有好处又有坏处，所以是一把双刃剑。故选D。
8
A New Jersey cuple and a hmeless man have been accused f making up a feel﹣gd stry that raised mre than ＄400,000 thrugh GFundMe.
The cuple, Kate McClure and Mark D'Amic, and the man, Jhnny Bbbitt Jr., face a charge f secnd-degree theft, Burlingtn Cunty Prsecutr Sctt Cffina said Thursday.
The cuple said they met Bbbitt when he gave his last ＄20 t McClure, wh was stranded n Interstate 95 in Philadelphia, s she culd put gas in her car，then started the GFundMe campaign as a way t thank him.
The paying-it-frward stry that drve this fundraiser might seem t gd t be true, Cffina said at a press cnference.
Unfrtunately, it was. The entire campaign was based n a lie.
After fees, the mney f the campaign netted abut ＄367, 000, all depsited int McClure's accunts, Cffina said. Bbbitt received ＄75,000, and within mnths McClure and D'Amic had wasted their share n buying a car, high-end handbags and trips, Cffina said. They als used it at casins(赌场), he said.
Cffina stressed that while Bbbitt, a veteran (老兵), deserves thanks fr his service t the cuntry and sympathy fr his situatin; he was fully invlved in the crime, using media t help "prmte the dishnest campaign".
Accrding t Cffina, McClure and D'Amic first met Bbbitt at an ff-ramp（驶出匝道）near a casin they regularly went, at least a mnth befre the GFundMe campaign went live.
They went back t the spt a mnth later, Cffina said. D'Amic tk a picture f McClure and Bbbitt that became the face f the GFundMe campaign that they started hurs later, Cffina said.
28. What's the actual purpse f the GFundMe campaign started by the cuple?
A. T express their appreciatin fr Bbbitt's help.
B. T help Bbbitt pay ff his heavy debt.
C. T raise mney fr their wn benefit.
D. T make peple believe in Bbbitt's genersity.
29. What des the underlined wrd "stranded" in Paragraph 3 mean?
A. Impssible t finish.
B. Unable t mve.
C. Withut any chice.
D. Out f service.
30. Hw much mney did the cuple get frm the GFundMe campaign?
A. Abut ＄292, 000.
B. Abut ＄367, 000.
C. Abut ＄325, 000.
D. Abut ＄400, 000.
31. What was Bbbitt accused f?
A. Pretending t be a veteran.
B. Rbbing the cuple f ＄75, 000.
C. Failing t serve his cuntry.
D. Helping invent the stry.
【答案】28. C 29. B 30. A 31. D
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。叙述了新泽西州的一对夫妻和一个流浪汉被指控诈骗的故事。
28. 推理判断题。根据第一段句子“A New Jersey cuple and a hmeless man have been accused f making up a feel﹣gd stry that raised mre than ＄400，000 thrugh GFundMe.”新泽西州一对夫妇和一名流浪汉被指控编造了一个让人感觉良好的故事，通过GFundMe筹集了40多万美元。可见这对夫妻发起这项运动的真实目的是为自己的利益筹资，故选C。
29. 猜测词义题。根据后文句子“The cuple said they met Bbbitt when he gave his last ＄20 t McClure”这对夫妇说，他们是在博比特把最后20美元给麦克卢尔。“s she culd put gas in her car，then started the GFundMe campaign as a way t thank him.”然后给车加油，可见画线单词是困在路上无法运动的意思，A：Impssible t finish不可能完成；B：Unable t mve无法移动；C：Withut any chice别无选择；D：Out f service停用。故选B。
30. 细节理解题。 根据第六段句子“After fees，the mney f the campaign netted abut ＄367，000，all depsited int McClure's accunts，Cffina said. Bbbitt received ＄75，000.”扣除费用后，竞选资金净赚约36.7万美元，全部存入麦克卢尔的科夫纳账户博比特说收到75000美元，可见这对夫妇的非法收入是292.000美元，故选A。
31. 细节理解题。根据第一段句子“A New Jersey cuple and a hmeless man have been accused f making up a feel﹣gd stry that raised mre than ＄400，000 thrugh GFundMe.”新泽西州一对夫妇和一名流浪汉被指控编造了一个让人感觉良好的故事，通过GFundMe筹集了40多万美元。倒数第三段句子“he was fully invlved in the crime，using media t help "prmte the dishnest campaign".”他完全参与犯罪，利用媒体帮助“宣传不诚实的运动”。可见Bbbitt全程参与了编造故事的诈骗活动，因此被起诉，故选D。