新高考英语一轮复习练习考向33 完形填空之议论文类（2份打包，原卷版+解析版）

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议论文是一种剖析事物、论述事理、发表见解或提出主张的说理性文章。议论文的目的不仅是客观的解释事物，还力图说服读者相信并接受某一观点。英语议论文不完全等同于汉语的议论文，它涉及的范围要小得多。英语议论文主要是就某一主题，在摆出正反两方面观点的基础上，通过论证、推理辩论等手段，试图让读者最终接受作者对这一主题的某种观点。尽管有时也不一定非常明确的交待正反观点，但力图通过推理让读者赞同自己的观点始终是英语议论文的主要目的。
不管是在汉语中，还是在英语中，议论文都是由论点（作者的观点，也就是被证明的对象、论据（用来证明论点的依据，是说明论点的理由和材料）和论证（运用论据证明论点的过程与方法），这三个要素构成的，这也是一个提出问题——分析问题——解决问题的过程。因此，典型的议论文一般就由序论（提出问题，即what）、本论（分析问题，即why）和结论（解决问题，即hw）三个部分构成，其具体的结构模式又有以下三种：
模式一：引言段（提出观点）——正方论点心（支持作者的观点的较弱论点）、正方论点2（支持作者的观点的较强论点）、正方论点3（支持作者观点的最强论点）——结论段（总结+解决方法，论断或建议）
在这种模式中，文章主体段（中间部分）的每一个部分论述一个论点，这些论点以其重要性按序排列，最有力、最重要的论点在最后面，以示强调。
模式二：引言段（提出观点）——反面意见（反方观点+作者的反驳）、正方论点1（支持作者观点的较弱论点）、正方论点2（支持作者观点的较强论点）、正方论点3（支持作者观点的最强论点）——结论段（总结+解决方法，论断或建议）
在这种模式中，文章立体段的一开始就提出对立方的反面意见及作者对这种意见的反驳，以后各部分仍分别陈述作者的不同论点。
模式三：引言段（提出观点）——反方观点1+进行反驳的正方论点、反方观点2+进行反驳的正方论点、反方观点3+进行反驳的正方论点——结论段（总结+解决方法，论断或建议）在这种模式中，作者在文章主体段的每一部分都先提出一个反面观点，然后再进行反驳。
英语议论文的语言特点
由于与其他文体相比，英语议论文类似英语说明文，因此，它具有英语说明文的一些语言特点，比如：时态较为统一，多用现在时；强调语言表达的客观性；尽可能指明信息来源等等。但作为一种独立的文体，英语议论文在语言上也有一些自己特有的表达形式：
1.较多使用表达委婉语气的词语和句子
与英语说明文相比，英语议论文不仅需要说明自己的观点，而且还要让读者接受自己的观点，因此，在词语表达上除了客观之外，还必须注意委婉。在英语中，常用虚拟语气，让步状语从句和情态动词can，culd，may，might，wuld，shuld等。请看下面两组有关“面试在招生过程中的重要性”的文字：
（1）N ne shuld be admitted int（招收进）cllege withut a persnal interview（面试）.What can admissins peple（招生人员）tell frm a piece f paper？They can tell nthing.Only when they see a student face t face，can they decide what kind f a persn he is.
（2）Thugh admissins peple can learn sme things frm a piece f paper，such as hw well a persn writes and what he is interested in there may be many ther things that an applicatin （申请表）can nt tell but can nly be seen in a persnal interview.The way a persn talks，the way he thinks abut and answers questins，the way he reacts（反应），are all imprtant facts f a persn which can nt be fund n a piece f paper.
两段文字都强调“大学生入学必须面试”，但相比之下，例（2）用了情态动词，thugh引导的让步状语从句等表达方式，语气较为委婉，更容易为读者所接受。
2.使用有辩论、推理等含义的连接词和过渡词等词语结构
英语议论文讲究辩论推理的条理性和逻辑性，因此，往往较多地使用这类性质的过渡词和连接词，常用的包括：since （既然），nw that（既然）， therefre（因而），cnsequently（因此），accrdingly（因此），hence（因而），in that case（在那种情况下），because（因为），s（所以）。另外，还有些句型也常出现在英语议论文中，比如： It fllws that…（因而……），If…，we may cnclude that…（如果……，我们可以这样下结论……）， Shuld it be the case（如果是这样的话……），Idn't want t…，but…（我并不想……，但是……）， If yu admit…，then…（如果你承认……，那么……），It is true that…，but…（诚然……，但是……）， Even if…（即使……）等。
（1）如“很多人很快就会发现，他们在物质上是富裕了，精神上却很贫乏”，可以这样达： Many peple will sn find themselves rich in gds，but ragged in spirit.（注：句中rich in与ragged in，gds与spirit具有正反对比的关系和效果。）
（2）如“利远远大于弊”，可以这样表达： The advantages far utweigh the disadvantages.（注：句中the advantages与the disadvantages具有正反对比的关系和效果。）
（3）如“他们注意到了这些说法中的一些道理，但他们却忽视了一个重要的事实”，可以这样表达：
They have nticed a grain f truth in the statements，but have ignred a mre imprtant fact.（注：句中have nticed与have ignred，a grain f truth in the statements与a mre imprtant fact具有正反对比的关系和效果。）
（4）如“这样做既有积极效果也有消极效果”，可以这样表达：
It will have bth negative and psitive effects by s ding.（注：句中negative与psitive具有正反对比的关系和效果）
3.使用重复。
英文一般讲求简洁，因此为表达强调偶尔使用重复可以使语句的强调内容得到突出。
（1）如“现在是忘掉过去一切的时候了。现在是言归正传的时候了。现在是为未来而奋斗的时候了”，可以这样表达：
Nw is the time t frget everything in the past. Nw is the time t get dwn t the business. Nw is the time t wrk hard fr the future.（注：此句为句首重复，重复部分为句首的nw it the time t）
（2）如“我们渴望成功，而且正在为成功而努力工作”，可以这样表达：
We lng fr success and we are wrking hard fr success.（注：此句为句尾重复，重复的部分为句尾的fr success.）
（3）如“我相信我们能够成功，我相信我们也一定会成功”，可以这样表达：
I am cnvinced that we can succeed，and I am cnvinced that we must succeed.（注：and所连接的两个语句的句首与句尾部分同时重复，重复的部分为句首的I am cnvinced that与句尾的succeed）
（4）如“我们现在生活在一个新的时代，而一个改革充满着风险与机遇”，可以这样表达： We are nw living in a new era，and a new era f refrm is always full f ventures and chances.（注：and之前的句尾与and之后的句首重复，重复部分为a new era.）
4.使用倒装
倒装是进行强调的一种手段，它利用了语句句首（或句尾）的特殊位置。例如，如“充满着风险与机遇的改革的新时代正向我们走来”，可以这样表达：
Nw n cming t us is the new era f refrm full f ventures and chances.
5.使用转义
转义是一种对词语灵活运用的修辞手段，主要有比喻、拟人、夸张、反语、婉转等，比喻又包括明喻、暗喻、换喻、提喻等。
（1）如要表达“过去的经历就像图片一样总是在脑海中萦绕”，英文可为：
What had been experienced in the past was always lming in memry like a picture.（注：此句采用明喻，明喻的特点是使用了like一词）
（2）如要表达“我们的英语老师就是我们最好的英语辞典”，英文可为：
Our English teacher is ur best English dictinary.（注：此句采用暗喻，暗喻的特点是利用事物之间的相似之处进行比喻，与明喻不同之处在于不使用like一词）
（3）如要表达“我正在读莎土比亚的书呢”，英文可为：
I am reading Shakespeare.（注：此句采用换喻，换喻的特点是直接借用一事物的名称宋代替另一事物的名称，使用通过联想理解其含义，但不是所有的事物都是可以用换喻来表达的）
（4）如要表达“这里需要一个帮手”，英文可为：
A hand is needed here.（注：此句采用提喻，提喻的特点是用一个事物的部分来代表事物的整体或用一个事物的整体来代表事物的部分。这里用hand一词代表整个人）
题型分析
一、题型特点
议论文文体的完形填空一般是直接提出论点，通过论据论证，最后作者提出自己的看法或提出另一个话题供大家讨论。
议论文文体的完形填空一般都是由论点（作者的观点，也就是被证明的对象）、论据（用来证明论点的依据，是说明论点的理由和材料）和论证（运用论据证明论点的过程与方法）这三个要素构成，这也是一个提出问题→分析问题→解决问题的过程。
另外，英语议论文不仅需要说明自己的观点，而且还要让读者接受自己的观点。因此，在词语表达上除了客观之外，还比较注重委婉。作者的写作态度一般也较诚恳，在文章中通常使用的是与读者平等交流的语气，不会给人以居高临下、以势居人、逼人接受的感觉，在遣词造句方面多使用虚拟语气、让步状语从句和can, may, might, culd, wuld, shuld等情态动词。为了辩证推理的条理性和逻辑性，往往较多地使用像since, nw that, therefre, in that case, because, s, but, hwever等过渡词和连接词。
三、解答技巧
把握首段和首句完整的信息，把握全文的主旨大意
【典例示例】
All f us g thrugh sme difficult times as we apprach teenage years . It's the age when we have t deal with the mst 36_____ in ur life . This transitin(过渡） frm childhd t adulthd is 37_____ fr sme , but rugh fr thers . The mst imprtant thing abut being a teenager is 38______ . When we are teenagers , we wuld get blamed r even punished fr anything wrng we d.
B. changes C. feelings D. expectatins
【解析】：在这个阶段我们需要面对生活中的很多改变(changes)。
B. practical C. demanding D. necessary
【解析】：从童年到成年的过渡，对有些人来说是很顺利的(smth),但是对另外一些人来说却很艰难。此处用smth“顺利的”，和后面的rugh相对应。
B. independence C. cnfidence D. respnsibility
【解析】：根据此空的下一句“当我们成为青少年时，我们会因犯错受到责备甚至是惩罚”可知，此处表示“成为青少年最重要的一件事就是责任（respnsibility)”。
【答案】：36.B 37.A 38.D
把握作者的观点和态度
议论文往往体现作者对某一事物的观点，而作者的观点就是文章的论点。考生要把握作者的观点，把握作者对某一事物是襄还是贬，是赞成还是反对，而通常把握了作者的观点也就找准了文章的论点。
【典例示例】
Yu d nt have t train yurself 6_______ t feel the psychlgical benefits f exercise.
What really matters is 7______, nt intensity(强度）f yur exercise. Yu can try walking fr 30 minutes five times per week r simply gardening n weekends.
B. everywhere C. carefully D. late
【解析】：根据下文作者强调运动的关键是频度而不是强度可知：你训练的时候强度没必要很大，故选A。
B. length C. frm D. frequency
【解析】：根据文章最后一段给出的建议每周五次散步可知，运动的关键是频度而不是强度，故选D。time“次”；length“长度”；frm“形式，表格”；frequency“频度，频率”。
【答案】：6.B 7.D
论点、论据互相结合，找出选项正确答案
一般说来，能说明论据主要内容的答案可以在论点里得到印证，而论点里的某些答案也可以与论据有机地结合起来，使论点、论据形成相辅相成的关系，因而整个文章上下一致。如果我们所选的答案前后矛盾，论据与论点相惊，最后的结论与论点相矛盾，那么我们就要重新回过头来理顺文章的各个部分，直到清楚为止，这样才能选出正确答案。
【典例示例】
There are fur f us nw in the huse, but ver time I've had nine peple cme in and mve n t ther places. We'd all be in 54 _______if we hadn't banded tgether .
The American Dream I believe in nw is a shared ne. It's nt s much abut what I can get fr myself ; it's abut 55_______we can all get by tgether
B. shelters C. camps D. cttages
【解析】：如果不是大家齐心协力，那么我们都将会栖身于避难所，因此选shelters。
B. what C. whether D. hw
【解析】：D 本句点明中心：美国梦不是关于一个人能够获得什么，而是关于我们在一起如何去实现它，因此选hw。
【答案】：54.B 55.D
4.通篇阅读，围绕主题（论点）推敲有疑问的题目，并最终确定答案
逐题按照文章的内容及语境选择完毕后，一篇完整的文章便呈现出来，此时，要注意一定要通读全文，以验证个别题目的答案是否与主题偏离，以求更高的准确度。
【检测训练】
1
My car sweeping past the green pastures(草地), I felt the cl breeze n my face,eyes clsed. The breeze felt refreshingly 1 and gave me a 2 f newly defined freedm and happiness. The breeze suddenly came t a halt 3 the car stpping due t a bit f traffic 4 by the grazing f sme cute lambs.
Climbing ut f the car in excitement,I 5 I was in a new wrld, 6 my nly cmpanin was the sparkling beauty f nature all arund me. Standing there, I 7 understd the meaning f freedm! In this fast paced wrld,where smartphnes are a(n) 8 and life withut internet might just be the next step t insanity(疯狂), we’ve 9 the simple pleasures in life.
Just 10 fr a mment t ask yurself 11 it’s been since yu’ve just sat dwn fr a while, ding abslutely 12 yet feeling perfectly happy and cntented!
Peple tend t find happiness in cmmdities r 13 arund them, but the perfect place t start searching fr happiness is 14 within yu!
Happiness is like a 15 . It can be spread t thers, if nly we are willing t splash (撒) a few 16 n urselves! True happiness is said t be 17 when we are the 18 behind a persn’s beautiful smile and immense happiness!
S the next time yu see smene upset r feeling lw, 19 them a bit f yur time and supprt. It desn’t cst much, but dubles the happiness in yur 20 !
1. A. familiarB. newC. ldD. strange
2. A. senseB. kindC. typeD. matter
3. A. asB. sinceC. withD. fr
4. A. happenedB. ccurredC. inventedD. created
5. A. realizedB. thughtC. recgnizedD. discvered
6. A. whichB. whenC. whereD. what
7. A. suddenlyB. finallyC. graduallyD. immediately
8. A. necessityB. equipmentC. tlD. treasure
9. A. cnductedB. finishedC. rememberedD. frgtten
10. A. waitB. stpC. hldD. stay
11. A. hw lngB. hw ftenC. hw manyD. hw much
12. A. smethingB. anythingC. nthingD. everything
13. A. thingsB. gdsC. dataD. basics
14. A. crrectB. rightC. prperD. suitable
15. A. riverB. wellC. springD. perfume
16. A. drpsB. bttlesC. piecesD. bags
17. A. madeB. achievedC. develpedD. grew
18. A. pssessinB. cmpnentC. partD. reasn
19. A. bringB. takeC. lendD. give
20. A. sulB. mindC. heartD. spirit
2
Nine years ag when I went t an English crner fr the first time, nbdy tried t talk t me. Hwever, I have nw becme a(n) 21 participant at the English crner. I always give a(n) 22 smile t new cmers.
There have been times when I feel unable t 23 thse wh have an excellent cmmand f English. But as lng as I remember the 24 I received nine years ag, I feel better 25 fr the challenge, fr I 26 there is n pint in being srry fr my wn inability and the nly 27 way frward is t start again frm the very beginning with full 28 .
The determinatin t start again indicates yur 29 f the many pprtunities ahead. Yu’ve all 30 read the nvel Gne with the Wind, and are 31 by Scarlett, the herine, wh brings herself and the family thrugh the 32 years f the Civil War and Recnstructin and regains her fting in Atlanta. At the end f the bk, she says 33 , “After all, tmrrw is anther day.” Scarlett’s persistence (坚持) and self-cnfidence in face f difficulty prbably 34 the ever-appealing attractin f the character, and the everlasting ppularity f the nvel.
It is true that the age in which we live is nt 35 . There are a lt f hardships and barriers ahead. But, if we 36 that we always have tmrrw befre us, we will nt be that 37 with everything arund us nw. Tmrrw will be a new day. This is the 38 n which we rely. With this faith, we will 39 all that was disagreeable yesterday and discver glden pprtunities t achieve that which we’ve never befre 40 .
21. A. rudeB. anxiusC. carelessD. active
22. A. gratefulB. encuragingC. familiarD. winning
23. A. keep up withB. take pride inC. get rid fD. make fun f
24. A. adviceB. trainingC. treatmentD. prtectin
25. A. allwedB. preparedC. blamedD. supprted
26. A. suspectB. knwC. prmiseD. remember
27. A. seriusB. awkwardC. prperD. bearable
28. A. scheduleB. determinatinC. curisityD. puzzlement
29. A. shareB. experienceC. memryD. awareness
30. A. prbablyB. graduallyC. bviuslyD. frequently
31. A. impressedB. annyedC. scaredD. cnfused
32. A. recentB. gldenC. rmanticD. bitter
33. A. casuallyB. wrnglyC. hpefullyD. naturally
34. A. admitB. explainC. predictD. reduce
35. A. perfectB. reasnableC. meaningfulD. difficult
36. A. declareB. frgetC. realizeD. dubt
37. A. patientB. busyC. cnnectedD. dissatisfied
38. A. prideB. realityC. faithD. benefit
39. A. thrw awayB. shw upC. seek frD. depend n
40. A. analyzedB. acceptedC. designedD. btained
3
It is almst impssible t be left alne in a digital wrld, where peple are meant t be cnnected. In this respect, digital technlgies have 41 ur life.
The pssibility t be cnnected all the time has brught ur persnal space t a(n) 42 as we've knwn it. Peple have becme s 43 in the wrld f netwrks that ne can ften be cntacted even if they'd rather nt be. Tday we can talk, text and e-mail, nt nly frm ur 44 , but frm ur mbile phnes as well.
Mst peple have becme 45 n digital technlgy simply because it has becme a necessary part f life, and at this pint nt 46 it wuld make them an scial utsider. 47 , many jbs and careers require peple t be cnnected. Frm this pint f view, being reachable might feel like a 48 t thse wh may nt want t be able t be cntacted at all times.
But slitude(独处) still can be pssible fr thse wh 49 want it. Cmputers can be 50 and mbile phnes can be turned ff. Of curse, the chice t be “ff” and “n” has many 51 as well as disadvantages. When travelers end up 52 in muntains, and mbile phnes can mean life r death, althugh they can als make peple feel 53 and frced t answer unwanted calls.
Actually, attitudes twards digital technlgies as a sciety 54 widely. Sme find them a gift. Others cnsider them a curse. Whether yu like it r nt, it's hard t imagine what life wuld be like withut the 55 in digital technlgies.
41. A. reshapedB. respectedC. ignredD. preserved
42. A. alarmB. stageC. endD. balance
43. A. sensitiveB. intelligentC. cnsiderateD. reachable
44. A. neighbrsB. cmputersC. friendsD. mnitrs
45. A. impressedB. hardC. dependentD. fcused
46. A. findingB. usingC. prtectingD. changing
47. A. Als.B. Instead.C. Otherwise.D. Therefre.
48. A. pleasureB. benefitC. burdenD. shame
49. A. slightlyB. barelyC. merelyD. really
50. A. sld utB. brken upC. shut dwnD. jined in
51. A. aspectsB. advantagesC. weaknessesD. exceptins
52. A. hiddenB. lstC. relaxedD. deserted
53. A. trappedB. excitedC. cnfusedD. amused
54. A. varyB. ariseC. spreadD. exist
55. A. hpesB. testsC. interestsD. achievements
4
A famus therist nce said, “I dn’t divide the wrld int the weak and the strng: r the successes and the divide the wrld int the learners and the nn-learners.”
What n earth wuld make smene a nn-learner? Everyne is brn with an intense 56 t learn. Babies rise t the learning challenge daily. Nt just fr 57 tasks, but the mst difficult nes f a lifetime, like leaning t walk and talk. They never decide it’s t hard r nt wrth the 58 . Babies dn’t wrry abut making mistakes r 59 themselves. They walk, they fall, they 60 .
What puts an end t this fearless learning? A fixed mindset. As sn as children becme able t evaluate themselves, sme f them becme 61 f challenges. They wrry abut nt being 62 . My research team have studied thusands f peple frm preschlers n, and It’s breathtaking hw many 63 an pprtunity t learn.
We ffered fur-year-lds a 64 ：they culd red an easy jigsaw (拼图) r try a harder ne. Even at this yung age, children with a fixed mindset stuck with the 65 ne. They believe smart kids dn’t make 66 .
Children with a grwth mindset, hwever, thught it was a 67 chice. Why wuld anyne want t keep ding the same puzzle 68 ? They chse increasingly difficult-nes instead.
Believing that success is abut learning, children with a grwth mindset seized the chance. But thse with a fixed mindset didn’t want t expse their 69 . This is hw a fixed mindset makes peple int 70 .
56. A. fearB. driveC. cmpetitinD. cncentratin
57. A. crucialB. mentalC. rdinaryD. particular
58. A. attentinB. effrtC. interestD. time
59. A. cnfusingB. behavingC. punishingD. hurting
60. A. get upB. give upC. shw upD. shut up
61. A. afraidB. ashamedC. cnfidentD. ignrant
62. A. adrableB. curiusC. mdestD. smart
63. A. seizeB. ruinC. rejectD. require
64. A. lessnB. chiceC. giftD. game
65. A. challengingB. interestingC. newD. simple
66. A. decisinsB. jigsawsC. mistakesD. predictins
67. A. strangeB. prmisingC. prfitableD. difficult
68. A. repeatedlyB. unwillinglyC. autmaticallyD. prperly
69. A. secretsB. thughtsC. preferencesD. weaknesses
70. A. theristsB. perfectinistsC. nn-learnersD. risk-takers
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The lazy beach vacatins and study-abrad years are gne because f the pandemic （流行病）. Many, wh believe travel is in their genes, find it 71 t be kept in the same place fr s lng. My friend James is ne f them and is grwing bred and upset, 72 fr the ld travelling days. Hw t pull thrugh the depressing situatin? There are many ways t answer the questin, but “ being 73 is nt ne f them.
Peple always have a strng 74 t be n the g. Hwever, it shws ur true ability when that demand can't be 75 instantly. Travel is a gd way t meet new peple and 76 new things, but we have 77 if we can't make it.
We can g ff the 78 path and travel in the ff-seasn. By cnnecting with cmmunities and spending ur mney in ways that supprt 79 , it will be a mre meaningful way t 80 the differences that make the wrld clrful.
We can plan a trip instead while we can't 81 be there. “Expectatins play a 82 rle in ur life. And ur future — mindedness can be a surce f 83 if we knw gd things are 84 In every way, travel is a great thing t 85 , ” said Matthew Killingswrth, a prfessr at the University f Pennsylvania. S 86 a trip is nearly as enjyable as actually taking ne. Making plans is its wn 87 It makes us remember there is a big, 88 wrld ut there.
Many f us, me included, have taken what we have fr granted. Tm Swick, a travel writer, tells me he 89 t view travel as a rutine. "Nw, I lk frward t experiencing it as a 90 , ” says he.
71. A. unbearableB. unpredictableC. unreliableD. uncertain
72. A. headingB. cmpetingC. switchingD. lnging
73. A. ptimisticB. activeC. desperateD. hesitant
74. A. pressureB. srrwC. fancyD. desire
75. A. reservedB. satisfiedC. explainedD. ignred
76. A. experienceB. recverC. riskD. prvide
77. A. curisityB. alternativesC. advancesD. regret
78. A. hiddenB. brkenC. beatenD. frzen
79. A. hbbiesB. sheltersC. fictinsD. lcals
80. A. refuseB. appreciateC. decreaseD. avid
81. A. mentallyB. rarelyC. physicallyD. merely
82. A. negativeB. mildC. valuelessD. significant
83. A. cncernB. chasC. independenceD. jy
84. A. ff the trackB. in the wayC. arund the cmerD. t the pint
85. A. lk frward tB. lk dwn nC. lk ut frD. lk back at
86. A. cancelingB. plttingC. adjustingD. denying
87. A. rewardB. fcusC. priceD. frm
88. A. frighteningB. rllingC. appealingD. resting
89. A. usedB. hpedC. agreedD. wanted
90. A. serviceB. giftC. trendD. play
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Certainty：Over-rated and Over-rewarded
Type the wrds “kind f” r “perhaps” int an email in Micrsft Outlk and the prgram might well tell yu t think again. If the Al-pwered “Micrsft Editr” judges that yu are nt sunding 91 enugh, it will sn give yu a wrd f warning：“Wrds expressing uncertainty will 92 yur impact.”
T me, this suggestin precisely expresses smething we’ve gt wrng in sciety. We live in a wrld that 93 thse wh speak with cnfidence-even when that is misplaced-and gives very little pprtunity t perfrm t thse wh 94 dubt. “We tend t listen t thse experts wh tell us a simple, clear and cnfident stry. Why? Because that’s 95 satisfying,” says Dan Gardner, authr f Future Babble, “That’s saying let me sweep away the uncertainty fr yu’.”
Research shws that the human brain is “prgrammed” t hate 96 ：a 2016 study fund that when vlunteers were given electric shcks, their stress levels were highest when they had n idea whether they were ging t be given a shck-higher even than subjects wh were tld they wuld 97 get ne.
We shuld first knw that while cnfident-sunding experts might be giving us what ur brains desire, the 98 they are prviding is prbably false. Psychlgist Philip Tetlck divided up frecasters int “fxes” and “hedgehgs”. Fxes cnsider all srts f different appraches sand perspectives, and cmbine thse int distinct cnclusins. 99 , hedgehgs tend t view the wrld thrugh the lens f ne single defining idea. That makes the hedgehgs 100 frecasters but mre likely t get attentin.
Perhaps we care less abut the truth and mre abut enjying sme sense f 101 hwever shrt-lived that might be. But wuldn’t it be better if we held experts t accunt? Mr. Gardner suggests tagging speakers with sme kind f recrd f previus 102 much as we are given perfrmance statistics fr racehrses r baseball players.
Highly cnfident statements als 103 plarizatin（两极化）, encuraging thers t respnd in the same kind f language when they disagree. “There’s a natural tendency t push back with equal amunts f 104 says Daniel Drezner, a plitical scientist.
Is it time t give a bit mre attentin t the 105 ? Full f certainty n the need t stp paying s much attentin t thse expressing certainty, I say yes.
91. A. timidB. reasnableC. decisiveD. mature
92. A. assessB. reverseC. enhanceD. lessen
93. A. rewardsB. relaxesC. cnfusesD. weakens
94. A. eliminateB. acknwledgeC. emphasizeD. cnceal
95. A. physicallyB. psychlgicallyC. pliticallyD. prfessinally
96. A. uncertaintyB. cnfidenceC. dishnestyD. stress
97. A. readilyB. frtunatelyC. definitelyD. prbably
98. A. desireB. depressinC. shckD. relief
99. A. Fr instanceB. In additinC. Even sD. In cntrast
100. A. funnierB. wrseC. less cnfidentD. mre reliable
101. A. achievementB. respnsibilityC. securityD. justice
102. A. apprachesB. attentinC. predictinsD. significance
103. A. prhibitB. prmteC. sacrificeD. separate
104. A. firmnessB. encuragementC. carefulnessD. statement
105. A. fxesB. hedgehgsC. frecastersD. scientists