(新高考)高考英语二轮复习课时精炼考向31 完形填空之记叙文类(2份打包，解析版+原卷版)

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考向31 完形填空之记叙文类
文体分析
记叙文是记人叙事的文章，它主要是用于说明事件的时间、背景、起因、过程及结果，即我们通常所说的五个" W "( what, who, when, where, why )和一个" H "( how )。记叙文的重点在于"述说"和"描写"，因此一篇好的记叙文要叙述条理清楚，描写生动形象。
1. 叙述的人称
英语的记叙文一般是以第一或第三人称的角度来叙述的。用第一称表示的是由叙述者亲眼所见、亲耳所闻的经历。它的优点在于能把故事的情节通过"我"来传达给读者，使人读后感到真实可信，如身临其境。如：
The other day, I was driving along the street. Suddenly, a car lost its control and ran directly towards me fast. I was so frightened that I quickly turned to the left side. But it was too late. The car hit my bike and I fell off it.
用第三人称叙述，优点在于叙述者不受"我"活动范围以内的人和事物的限制，而是通过作者与读者之外的第三者，直接把故事中的情节展现在读者面前，文章的客观性很强。如：
Little Tom was going to school with an umbrella, for it was raining hard. On the way, he saw an old woman walking in the rain with nothing to cover. Tom went up to the old woman and wanted to share the umbrella with her, but he was too short. What could he do? Then he had a good idea.
2. 动词的时态
在记叙文中，记和叙都离不开动词。所以动词出现率最高，且富于变化。记叙文中用得最多的是动词的过去的，这是英语记叙文区别于汉语记叙文的关键之处。英语写作的优美之处就在于这些动词时态的变化，正是这一点才使得所记、所叙有鲜活的动态感、鲜明的层次感和立体感。
3. 叙述的顺序
记叙一件事要有一定的顺序。无论是顺叙、倒叙、插叙还是补叙，都要让读者能弄清事情的来龙去脉。顺叙最容易操作，较容易给读者提供有关事情的空间和时间线索。但这种方法也容易使文章显得平铺直叙，读起来平淡乏味。倒叙、插叙、补叙等叙述方法能有效地提高文章的结构效果，让所叙之事跌宕起伏，使读者在阅读时思维产生较大的跳跃，从而为文章所吸引，深入其中。但这些方法如果使用不当，则容易弄巧成拙，使文章结构散乱，头绪不清，让读者不知所云。
4. 叙述的过渡
过渡在上下文中起着承上启下、融会贯通的作用。过渡往往用在地点转移或时间、事件转换以及由概括说明到具体叙述时。如：
In my summer holidays, I did a lot of things. Apart form doing my homework, reading an English novel, watching TV and doing some housework, I went on a trip to Qingdao. It is really a beautiful city. There are many places of interest to see. But what impressed me most was the sunrise.
The next morning I got up early. I was very happy because it was a fine day. By the time I got to the beach, the clouds on the horizon were turning red. In a little while, a small part of the sun was gradually appearing. The sun was very red, not shining. It rose slowly. At last it broke through the red clouds and jumped above the sea, just like a deep-red ball. At the same time the clouds and the sea water became red and bright.
What a moving and unforgettable scene!
5. 叙述与对话
引用故事情节中主要人物的对话是记叙文提高表现力的一种好方法。适当地用直接引语代替间接的主观叙述，可以客观生动地反映人物的性格、品质和心理状态，使记叙生动、有趣，使文章内容更加充实、具体。试比较下面两段的叙述效果：
I was in the kitchen, and I was cooking something. Suddenly I heard a loud noise from the front. I thought maybe someone was knocking the door. I asked who it was but I heard no reply. After a while I saw my cat running across the parlor. I realized it was the cat. I felt released.
这本来应是一段故事性很强的文字，但经作者这么一写，就不那么吸引人了。原因是文中用的都是叙述模式，没有人物语言，把"悬念"给冲淡了。可作如下调整：
I was in the kitchen cooking something. "Crash!" a loud noise came from the front. Thinking someone was knocking at the door, I asked, "Who?" No reply. After a while, I saw my cat running across the parlor. "Its you." I said, quite released.
题型分析
一、题型解读
记叙文类完形填空可分为记事和记人两种形式，记叙时间、地点、人物和事件等，文章长度在300词左右。
文章首句一般不设空，以情景意义考查为主，淡化对语法的考查，4个选项词类相同，设空以实词为主，即动词、名词、形容词、副词为主，虚词为辅，即介词、连词，代词为辅，几乎不涉及情态动词与冠词。近几年记叙文文体完形填空的选文突出了叙述上的灵活性、事件的趣味性和教育性，再加上生词量的增大，及复合句的增多，考生在此题上的失分仍然很严重。因此，如在读懂原文的情况下减少失误是目前考生面临的重大问题。
二、解答技巧
1.细读文章首句，推测全文内容
完形填空通常首句是一个完整的句子，它提供的信息是把握全文主旨的关键，是理解全文大意的一扇窗户，所以理解首句信息显得很重要。一般情况下，高考完形填空首句不设空。少数情况下，即使设空，也是在句子末尾，不影响考生对句意的把握。
【典例示例】
My previous home had a stand of woods behind it and many animals in the backyard.
That first year, I 11 feeding peanuts to the blue jays, then the squirrels. The squirrels had no 12 coming up right to me for them . As the months went by , the rabbits saw that I was no 13 and didn't escape.
【解析】
根据首句，确定出本文讲述的主题：“我”以前家的后面有一片树林，在后院有很多动物；国绕这一主题展开故事。
11.A.avoided B. started C. canceled D. suggested
【解析】：第一年，“我”开始给冠蓝码喂花生吃，然后又喂松鼠。start doing sth.“开始做某事”
12.A.business B. fun C. problem D. privilege
【解析】：松鼠毫无困难（problem),直接上来享用花生。
13.A.help B. cheat C. threat D. exception
【解析】：几个月过去了，兔子见“我”没有威胁，不逃走了。threat"威胁”，符合语境。
【答案】：11.B12.C13.C
2.通读全文，理清各个角色
一般来说，记叙文有两个或两个以上的角色，作者对这些角色的态度是不一样的，即便是对做同样一件事的人，作文突出了叙述上的灵者也不一定采用同样的态度来描述。只有把握好每个人物生词量的增大，及复：的特点和内心世界，才能更好地定位文章的中心思想，更准然很严重。因此，如何确地选出答案。
【典例示例】
I passed the clean comb back to Dad. He smiled at me and 41 placed his comb on his wallet. But this time, I noticed something 42 .Dad had aged. He had wrinkles next to his eyes when he smiled, 43 his smile was still as 44 as before, the smile of a father who just wanted a good 45 for his family.
41.A.firmly B. hurriedly C. casually D. carefully
【解析】：父亲对“我”笑了笑，小心地（carefully)把梳子放在他的钱包上。firmly“坚决地”，hurriedly“匆忙地”，casually“随便地”，均不符合文意。
42.A.different B. exciting C. interesting D. urgent
【解析】：但是，这一次，“我”注意到一些不同的（different)事情后文中的“Dad had aged. He had wrinkles...”也是暗示。
43 . A . for B. or C. so D. yet
【解析】：根据空处上下文的语境可知，此处表示意思上的转折，故要用yet“然而，但是”。
44.A.convincing B. heartwarming C. cautious D. innocent
【解析】：父亲的微笑仍然像以前一样令人感到幸福快乐(heartwarming)。convincing"令人信服的，有说服力的”；cautious"谨慎的，十分小心的”；innocent"无辜的，无罪的”，均不符合文意。
45.A.origin B. life C. reputation D. education
【解析】：从父亲的笑中，作者体会到父亲是想让自己的家人有好的生活（life)。
【答案】：41.D 42.A 43.D 44.B 45.B
3.理顺事件线索，找准发展方向
记叙文一般按事件发展的顺序来叙述（有时用倒叙）,正确把握文章的发展顺序对把握文章的主脉有着重要的意义。因此，在选择答案时要事先理清人物间的关系及各自所做的事情。
【典例示例】
Obediently(顺从地）,my class lay their heads on their desks, closed their eyes and 42 . When the music started , the room was filled with the most beautiful tones and musical colors I could have ever imagined. All the children were 43. When the music finished, I asked them all to raise their 44 slowly so that we could share our musical journeys.
42.A.slept B. nodded C. waited D. continued
【解析】：学生们趴在课桌上，闭着眼睛，等待（waited)着播放音乐。
43.A.talking B. singing C. dancing D. listening
【解析】：根据前一句的“When the music started”可知，此处指所有学生都在听着音乐。故选D。
44.A.legs B. heads C. arms D. shoulders
【解析】：根据前一句的“When the music started”可知，此处指所有学生都在听着音乐。故选D。
【答案】：42.C 43.D 44.B
4.描摩作者意图，弄清蕴含哲理
记叙文一般通过一件平常事来说明一个人生哲理，或作者的感悟，因此把握好其中的道理，对理解细节有更为准确的作用。注意不要把自己的观点放到文章中去，一切都以作者或主人公的态度和观点为线索展开。
【典例示例】
It 37 me that playing against the other team was a great 38 moment for all the girls on the team. I think it is a general principle. 39 is the best teacher. The lessons they learned may not be 40 what they would have gotten in school, but are certainly more personal and meaningful , because they had to work them out on their own .
37.A.confused B. struck C. reminded D. warned
【解析】：这不由让作者想起和其他队比赛也是一个难得的学习机会。It strikes sb. that...“让某人突然想到……”，为固定句型。
38 . A . touching B. thinking C. encouraging D. learning
【解析】：本句与文章首句“Where do you go when you want to learn something"还有下文The lessons they learned ma not...照应。
39 . A . Experience B. Independence C. Curiosity D. Interest
【解析】：结合上文的比赛情况可知，“经验”是最好的老师。
40.A.harmful to B. mixed with C. different from D. applied to
【解析】：这些经验与她们在学校学到的东西可能不会有太大的“不同”，但是肯定更加深入、更加有意义，因为这她们自己摸索出来的。different from"与……不同”，符合语境。
【答案】：37.B38.D39.A40.C
5.把握时间线索，做出正确判断
有些记叙文叙述一件事，故事情节随着时间而不断推进。我们可以抓住里面的时间线索，利用情节的变化来巧妙地做出判断。
【典例示例】
That second year, the rabbits 15 me, and one would even sit up for slices!...
By year three, the rabbits and the groundhog were back.
The groundhog 23 didn't have a problem with me scratching her back , and I got an idea .
15.A.feared B. ignored C. discovered D. remembered
【解析】：第二年，兔子记得“我”，甚至有一只会坐着享用胡萝卜片。remember"想起，记得”。
23 . A . also B. thus C. just D. still
【解析】：第三年，兔子和土拨鼠回来了。“我”用手指抓挠土拨鼠的背仍然（still)没有困难。
【答案】：15.D23.D
【检测训练】
1
There are good stories to be found in nearly every volunteer experience. But Laurie Scott is positive that 1 an exchange student produces some of the greatest.
As a long-time volunteer with an agency that helps 2 students connect with warm and caring 3 during their time in the US, Scot sees first-hand both the humor and the very deeply meaningful outcomes. Scott 4 Christine, for example, a student from Norway. 5 at a restaurant one day, Christine was asked if she wanted a soup or salad. The girl turned to Scott with 6 , “Why would I want a super salad?” Trying not to laugh too hard, Scott 7 that what the waiter had asked was whether she wanted “soup or salad”.
Scott and her husband 8 volunteered to be a host family in August 2003. They had just moved to Las Vegas, and she was looking for a way to get connected in the community. “The concept of helping 9 world peace through understanding is what makes me 10 . Through the agency I have found the best part of my community in our great families and have been able to share the 11 side of the US with our students.”
Time and again, her 12 to service has opened hearts. In fact, she says, one of their amazing experiences came from 13 one hosted student, a young man from Germany named Jens, about how Americans volunteer. In Germany, where young people are 14 to spend a year serving in the army, volunteer service is 15 . Therefore, Jens was so 16 by the concept of giving that he 17 the agency to help promote exchanges, and became very involved with local schools.
18 all stories that come out of international exchange, there’s a (an) 19 in this one: Opening our hearts and 20 is something we can all do.
1. A. adopting B. hosting C. raising D. teaching
2. A. international B. promising C. needy D. urban
3. A. relatives B. colleges C. houses D. friends
4. A. misses B. remembers C. praises D. loves
5. A. Queuing B. Working C. Calling D. Ordering
6. A. surprise B. anger C. delight D. fear
7. A. announced B. realised C. explained D. concluded
8. A. obviously B. frequently C. probably D. originally
9. A. make up B. give away C. take over D. bring about
10. A. talented B. involved C. organized D. relaxed
11. A. familiar B. flexible C. positive D. controversial
12. A. sacrifice B. devotion C. response D. addiction
13. A. teaching B. reminding C. questioning D. warning
14. A. required B. advised C. determined D. considered
15. A. compulsory B. widespread C. valid D. unusual
16. A. frightened B. relieved C. attracted D. challenged
17. A. founded B. inspired C. joined D. permitted
18. A. Except B. Like C. Rather than D. Regardless of
19. A. difference B. anecdote C. amusement D. lesson
20. A. minds B. homes C. eyes D. schools
2
Raegan Lawrence is an 11-year-old student and band member at Bonaire Middle School, in central Georgia, USA. Over the past several months, she has used the grief (悲痛) and stress 21 by the COVID-19 pandemic to 22 her best and help others in the process.
The COVID-19 pandemic has been very 23 to Raegan and her family. She lost two of her aunts as well as her great grandfather to the 24 . And she hasn’t been able to visit some of her 25 such as her grandfather.
Feeling constantly sad, she 26 to find out what she could do to make things 27 . While thinking about ways she could 28 , her band began to sell “the world’s finest chocolate bars” to raise funds.
This gave her a(n) 29 — why not buy the world’s finest chocolate bars to 30 the world’s finest people? In her mind, the finest people in the world are the healthcare workers, firemen, and first responders who have 31 themselves during this pandemic to helping others while putting themselves in 32 .
And sell she did! While Reagan is typically a 33 person, this did not stop her from promoting sales of her candy bars and then using the money 34 to buy bars for first responders. She also 35 to take all the money she had in savings from Christmas, her birthday and other gifts to buy chocolate bars for the world’s finest people.
In all, Raegan 36 over 400 bars. The first responders that received them were 37 not just for the world’s finest chocolate, but the 38 and caring actions of one of the world’s finest 11-year-old girls!
Raegan Lawrence’s story has 39 many others to help those in need during this 40 moment.
21. A. released B. caused C. damaged D. controlled
22. A. avoid B. catch C. look for D. bring out
23. A. typical B. strange C. cruel D. normal
24. A. virus B. worm C. public D. hospital
25. A. relatives B. classmates C. friends D. doctors
26. A. hesitated B. agreed C. struggled D. preferred
27. A. heavier B. higher C. clearer D. better
28. A. help B. stay C. share D. show
29. A. privilege B. excuse C. idea D. advantage
30. A. evaluate B. reward C. respect D. protect
31. A. devoted B. limited C. abandoned D. attached
32. A. silence B. stress C. comfort D. danger
33. A. stubborn B. brave C. shy D. patient
34. A. obtained B. borrowed C. found D. changed
35. A. afforded B. decided C. refused D. expected
36. A. tried out B. stored up C. broke off D. gave away
37. A. fit B. grateful C. responsible D. famous
38. A. humorous B. generous C. traditional D. honest
39. A. invited B. persuaded C. inspired D. required
40. A. necessary B. fruitful C. pleasant D. challenging
3
When my daughter, Mia, was invited to a kids’ pool party, my heart sunk. My 41 sometimes got in the way of me doing activities with her.
There were moments that should have 42 as a warning, like the family party where I had frightening heart palpitations(心悸) and saw Mia looking at me in 43 , but I just nut it to the back of my 44 .
One day, one close friend 45 me, “Seriously, you are the biggest YOU I’ve ever seen. So, from now on you’re coming to the Slimming World group with me.” Later, her words 46 in my mind. There I was, aged 33, overweight and starting to have heart 47 . What would Mia do if she lost her dad?
48 , I was pulled into the group. With the consultant’s explanation of the eating plan, I started a dinner with lots of vegetables. The next week, I was 49 to find I’d lost 6 pounds—this might actually 50 !
With more confidence, I decided to practise swimming, 51 one day being a body-confident dad, splashing(戏水) around 52 at a pool party with Mia. As I 53 my swimming distance, my weight loss become even 54 . Mia loved seeing the change in me and the 55 shone on her face.
I’m also proud of myself for turning my life around, for Mia.
41. A. weight B. sight C. height D. look
42. A. escaped B. served C. stopped D. disappeared
43. A. joy B. excitement C. curiosity D. horror
44. A. neck B. hand C. mind D. shoulder2
45. A. taught B. laughed C. asked D. warned
46. A. worked B. circled C. woke D. rose
47. A. examinations B. functions C. problems D. researches
48. A. Immediately B. Calmly C. Gradually D. Fairly
49. A. upset B. sad C. amazed D. nervous
50. A. fade away B. settle down C. break out D. pay off
51. A. imagining B. forgetting C. admitting D. worrying
52. A. slowly B. happily C. secretly D. cautiously
53. A. observed B. predicted C. increased D. measured
54. A. evident B. dull C. reliable D. strange
55. A. anger B. anxiety C. fear D. pride
4
Have you ever lost something precious and thought you’d never get it back? A woman named Thomas from Oregon found a bag from a bargain shop. However, little did she know that bag would change someone’s life for the 56 .
It looked brand-new so she bought it without 57 . After making it home, she noticed something interesting and turned it over to 58 , and something heavy moved. She started to think negative thoughts in fear of what was left there. Thomas also 59 why the last owner would throw away such a valuable item. Curiously, she 60 further down through a hole in the lining (衬布). Slowly she pulled a brand-new 61 out with astonishment! That left her 62 more questions. For example, who did it on earth 63 ? On seeing picture after picture, she assumed it was a mother and her child, 64 that such a loss must have got a mother upset all her life. Therefore, she shared the photos online, hoping someone would 65 them! Meanwhile, she doubted whether they remained here.
66 , the owner Conner was nearby. Thomas 67 her that she had her camera with timeless photos. She nearly burst into tears the moment she saw the photos Thomas sent her. Thomas arranged a(n) 68 with Conner. “Thank you! It never occur to me that my camera should return to my 69 ; after all, seven years.” Conner blurted (脱口而出) as she walked up to Thomas with 70 . Thanks to Thomas, all her past memories were back in her hands and heart.
56. A. richer B. better C. easier D. harder
57. A. doubt B. mercy C. hesitation D. regret
58. A. examine B. open C. match D. sew
59. A. understood B. reflected C. recalled D. wondered
60. A. looked B. reached C. bent D. stretched
61. A. camera B. photo C. record D. phone
62. A. with B. off C. into D. beyond
63. A. take to B. stick to C. belong to D. respond to
64. A. anxious B. aware C. curious D. sensitive
65. A. recognize B. confirm C. contact D. observe
66. A. Unfortunately B. Eventually C. Hopefully D. Thankfully
67. A. begged B. reminded C. informed D. convinced
68. A. meeting B. interview C. celebration D. conference
69. A. charge B. possession C. name D. collection
70. A. dignity B. surprise C. relief D. excitement
5
My family went on holiday for a week this summer. I was surprised to learn the sleeping 71 for the night — my young daughter had agreed to sleep in a first-floor bedroom by herself.
As we 72 , we discussed the deer we had 73 on our way. “I hope we could see a bear or two this 74 !” my wife shouted. At bedtime, my wife and I went to the upstairs room, and my parents-in-law (岳父母) headed for a 75 on the first floor. My wife and I were about to sleep when our daughter appeared with a/an 76 look on her face. She said a 77 was scratching (刮出刺耳声) at her window. I decided it would be best if I slept downstairs and my daughter shared the room with my wife.
On my way down, I passed my father-in-law, asleep in front of the 78 .
I was in bed only a few minutes when I heard a tap … tap on the window outside. Something was indeed out there. 79 , it wasn’t a bear — I told myself. I fell asleep soon. Some time later, I was 80 by a strange sound. I saw a large 81 in the doorway and froze as it 82 closer to me. I realized what it was — only after my father in-law bent down to give me a kiss. “It’s David.” My father-in-law jumped back. We laughed 83 at the awkward moment, and I explained his granddaughter’s bedroom 84 . I told him that the only thing 85 than a bear attack was Papa Bear coming in to kiss me good-night.
71. A. schedules B. arrangements C. plots D. routines
72. A. settled in B. broke in C. looked down D. calmed down
73. A. shot B. hunted C. trained D. spotted
74. A. evening B. week C. month D. year
75. A. study B. kitchen C. bedroom D. bathroom
76. A. worried B. embarrassed C. delighted D. satisfied
77. A. dog B. deer C. cat D. bear
78. A. house B. television C. door D. fire
79. A. Besides B. Therefore C. Otherwise D. However
80. A. awakened B. interrupted C. impressed D. struck
81. A. figure B. person C. animal D. ghost
82. A. climbed B. jumped C. inched D. rolled
83. A. eagerly B. sincerely C. secretly D. nervously
84. A. preference B. switch C. difference D. choice
85. A. prettier B. funnier C. scarier D. stranger
6
He loves visiting with the people on his route and is always looking for ways to help the neighborhood during his more than 12-hour long shifts.
So, when the 86 in his Georgia community moved entirely online in the spring, Finley, or “Mr. Adam” as the kids call him, couldn’t help but feel 87 for the students stuck inside all day; some going 88 or months without seeing their classmates 89 .
One day during his daily route in Stone Mountain, Finley decided to do something to help 90 the spirits of the Jones sisters, Eva, 7, and Aria, 6. “These girls haven’t been able to go to school or see their 91 all year,” Finley told CNN. “I thought, ‘What can I do to bring a smile to their faces? Something different, something to bring some excitement for the day. ”
After checking with the girls’ parents, Finley 92 some cards out of his pocket and started the first of many games of Tic-tac-toe(井字棋).
It was an instant 93 .
Every morning for the next few weeks, Eva and Aria would run out to the 94 to make their strategic moves, leave the cards in the mailbox, and wait for “Mr. Adam” to make his 95 when he returned with their mail the following day.
Finley says he would let the girls win so he can reward them with a 96 . “They are always so excited to win,” Finley said. “I’ve surprised them with gift cards for ice cream, flavored popcorn, anything to make them 97 .”
Finley, who has two grown children of his own, says he feels for the young kids not being able to 98 the joys of in-person school this year. “When it’s 7:30 in the morning and those girls are all excited waving at the door, that’s my 99 ,” he said.
“It was what they 100 every morning, seeing what move he would make,” the girls’ mother, Erin Jones, told CNN. Jones said that although 2020 has been tough she is grateful for the 101 it taught her and her family about 102 the small moments in life.
“Insignificant moments of ‘normal’ are now extremely important,” Jones said. “The USPS (美国邮局) may have had a hard year, but there’s no doubt in the Jones house that the Christmas spirit is 103 and well because of one of their best 104 ,” she added. “Thank you, Mr. Adam, for bringing such 105 to such a dark year. ”
Nowadays Finley is playing the game with other neighborhood kids.
86. A. mails B. schools C. factories D. communities
87. A. sorry B. excited C. grateful D. ashamed
88. A. seconds B. days C. weeks D. centuries
89. A. on purpose B. by accident C. at once D. in person
90. A. upset B. control C. lift D. develop
91. A. classmates B. relatives C. parents D. scholars
92. A. drew B. put C. hid D. persuaded
93. A. game B. hit C. incident D. entertainment
94. A. house B. mailbox C. vehicle D. classroom
95. A. move B. decision C. suggestions D. comments
96. A. book B. prize C. trip D. Tic-tac-toe
97. A. calm B. proud C. smile D. sigh
98. A. observe B. satisfy C. sacrifice D. experience
99. A. misfortune B. disbelief C. program D. reward
100. A. was afraid of B. was ashamed of
C. looked up to D. looked forward to
101. A. information B. lesson C. knowledge D. policy
102. A. appreciating B. recording C. recalling D. confirming
103. A. awkward B. annoyed C. alive D. anxious
104. A. customers B. colleagues C. citizens D. employees
105. A. concept B. promise C. light D. virtue