高考英语语法词汇专项突破:11非谓语动词易错考点变式对比与解析
展开考情速递 非谓语动词一直是历年高考英语的热点和难点,本文结合相关高考真题对部分非谓语动词的考查热点通过对比的方式进行解读。
Grup 1
(1) When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are nw cld enugh 66 (cl) the huse during the ht day; at the same time, they warm up again fr the night. (XXXX新课标全国卷II语法填空题)
(2) When a lake cls, the (cl) water at the surface flws t the bttm because f its greater density.
(3) The mtr is allwed t start up nly when the water (cl) tank has been full f water.
【参考答案】(1) t cl (2) cled (3) cling
【考点设置】①不定式的固定结构;②动名词作定语;③过去分词作定语
【思路点拨】题(1)根据enugh看出是enugh+t d结构。现在分词作结果状语表示符合逻辑的结果,不定式表示结果常与nly连用表示出乎意料的结果,或者用于…, enugh t…, s…as t等结构中。题(2)由前面的状语看出水已经被cl,所以用过去分词作前置定语,句意是:当湖泊降温时,湖面的冷水,由于密度较大而流向湖底。题(3)根据full f water看出cl是tank的用途,用动名词作定语,句意是:电动机只有在冷却水箱中充满水后才允许起动。
【考例】(2023▪全国乙卷)Frm Buddhist temples t museums, narrw hutng t ryal palaces, it is hme t mre than 3,000 years f glrius histry even dwn t its layut, with the city keeping its carefully (build) system f ring rads.
答案与解析:built。考查非谓语动词过去分词作定语。句意:从佛教寺庙到博物馆,狭窄的胡同和皇家宫殿,它是3000多年辉煌历史的家园,即使是在它的布局上,这座城市也保持着精心建造的环城公路系统。这里为非谓语动词担当定语,表示“精心建造的……”,和被修饰词“system f ring rads”之间为被动关系,用过去分词。故填built。
Grup 2
(1) Abercrmbie & Kent, a travel cmpany in Hng Kng, says it regularly arranges quick getaways here fr peple 70 (live) in Shanghai and Hng Kng. (XXXX新课标全国卷I语法填空题)
(2) Grace desn’t want t mve t New Yrk because she thinks if she were (live) there, she wuldn’t be able t see her parents very ften. (改编自XXX2安徽卷31)
(3) Accrding t the literary review, Shakespeare makes his charities (live) live thrugh their language in his plays. (改编自XXXX福建卷35)
【参考答案】(1) living (2) t live (3) live
【考点设置】①现在分词作定语;②be t结构;③不定式作宾补省掉t的情况
【思路点拨】题(1)分词作定语,live是不及物动词,且与被修饰词peple之间是主谓关系,用现在分词作定语。题(2)根据were和wuldn’t看出是虚拟语气,根据句意看出表示与将来事实相反的假设,if从句谓语动词用were t d结构。“be t +动词原形”中的be t用作情态习语, 这时的be t d表示 “计划”、“安排”、“义务”、“应该”、“可能”、“命运”等。在if从句虚拟语气中用were t+动词不定式表示与将来事实相反的情况。题(3)从make看出用非谓语动词作宾语补足语,由于不及物动词live不能用被动,而且make的宾补也不用ding,所以用不定式,但是其跟不定式作宾语在主动语态中t要省掉。使役动词let, have, make跟不定式作宾补在主动语态要省掉t,如果用于被动语态则要带上t,尤其以make最常用。而使役动词get, frce跟不定式作宾语需要带t。注意make不跟现在分词作宾补,而send sb.ding sth.表示“使某人做某事”,catch sb. ding sth.表示“撞见某人做某事”。
【考例】(2017•浙江)But smething made her lk clse, and she nticed a ______________ (shine) bject.
shining
答案与解析:shining。考查非谓语动词的现在分词作定语。根据不定冠词a和名词bject,可以看出所给的动词shine要用可以作定语的形式,根据shine与bject之间的主动关系可以理解为The bject is shining,因此用其现在非常形式shining作定语修饰bject, 与bject 为主动关系,故用现在分词shining。
Grup3
(1) Jnny: Be patient! Tai Chi 66 (call) “shadw bxing” in English. It asks yu t act like water: t be flexible as well as strng. (XXXX辽宁卷 填空题)
(2) —Is Anne cming tmrrw?
—I dn’t think s. If she were t cme, she (call) me. (改编自XXXX山东卷8)
(3) We (call) a taxi yesterday if Harld hadn’t ffered us a ride hme. (改编自XXXX天津卷15)
(4) (call) me tmrrw and I’ll let yu knw the lab result. (改编自XXXX全国大纲卷33)
(5) I'll be ut fr sme time. In case anything imprtant happens, ______(call) me up immediately. (改编自XXXX四川卷8)
(6) I’ve gt int the habit f (call) in n my grandparents n my way hme frm schl. (改编自XXXX江西卷24)
(7) Listen! D yu hear smene __________(call) fr help? (改编自XXXX湖南卷21)
(8)—Have yu read bk_______ (call) Waiting fr Anya?
—Wh wrte it? (改编自XXXX北京卷22)
(9) -Did yu tell Julia abut the result?
-Oh, n, I frgt. I ________ (call) her nw. (改编自2005全国卷)
【参考答案】(1) is called (2) wuld have called (3) wuld have called (4) Call (5) call (6) calling (7) calling (8) called (9) will call
【考点设置】①虚拟语气的谓语动词;②时态和语态;③现在分词作宾补;④过去分词作定语;⑤祈使句构成形式
【思路点拨】题(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (9)根据句子的结构判定用谓语动词构成句子。题(1)陈述事实,用一般现在时,主谓之间是动宾关系,所以用被动语态;题(2)根据“我认为她不会来”推出“要是她来,就给我打过电话了”,主句表示与过去事实相反,用wuld have dne结构;题(3)同题(2);题(4)是“祈使句+and+陈述句”;题(5) In case引导状语从句,所以主句动词原形构成祈使句;题(9)表示临时决定,用will d形式。题(6)介词后跟宾语,用动名词。题(7)根据Listen!看出表示正在进行的事情,由hear看出是hear sb. ding sth.结构,用现在分词作宾补表示动作正在进行。题(8)非谓语动词作定语,bk与call是动宾关系,被动意义,用过去分词。题(9)根据句意看出是表示临时做出的决定,用will d形式。
【考例】(2019·江苏改)China's image is imprving steadily, with mre cuntries __________ (recgnize) its rle in internatinal affairs.
答案与解析:recgnizing。考查非谓语动词现在非常作宾语补足语。根据介词with和名词mre cuntries。结合做给的动词recgnize看出是“with+宾语+宾语补足语”结构,即with+复合宾语结构。“更多的国家”和“认识”之间是主动关系,用with + 名词 + 现在分词结构。句意:中国的形象正在稳步提升,更多的国家认识到中国在国际事务中的作用。
Grup 4
(1) While there are 68 (amaze) stries f instant transfrmatin, fr mst f us the changes are gradual and require a lt f effrt and wrk, like cleaning up a plluted river. (XXXX新课标I 语法填空)amazing
(2) These eighteenth–century il paintings have been preserved s well that the visitrs are greatly ______(amaze). (改编自XXXX上海春招 翻译6)
【参考答案】(1)amazing (2) amazed
【考点设置】①表示情感的现在分词与过去分词区别;②分词作定语和表语
【思路点拨】题(1) 修饰stry用amaze现在分词,意思是“令人惊讶的”。 题(2) 句子主语指人,作表语用amaze过去分词,意思是“感到惊讶的”。类似的动词有:exhaust, interest, embarrass, astnish, surprise, tire, anny, cnvince, delight, disappint, discurage, disgust(使人厌恶), encurage, frighten, frustrate(使人沮丧), inspire, irritate(使人愤怒), mve, please, puzzle, satisfy, terrify, tuch(使人触动), wrry等。
【考例1】(2021新高考I卷)But that’s hw nature is — always leaving us (astnish).
答案与解析:astnished。考查非谓语动词的过去分词作宾语补足语。此处是“leave +宾语+宾语补足语”,补充说明宾语us的感受,应用-ed结尾形容词astnished,表示人的感受“感到震惊的”。故填astnished。句意:但大自然就是这样——总是让我们惊讶。
【考例2】(2021新高考II卷)I was s (excite) when he wrte back t me.
excited。考查非谓语动词的过去分词作表语。该空作was之后的表语,用形容词,修饰人,用v+ed形式的形容词,所以填excited。句意:当他给我回信时,我很兴奋。
【考例3】(2017•浙江)I gave him a quick hug and went back int the seating area, leaving him with a _____________ (surprise) smile.
答案与解析:surprised。考查非谓语动词的过去分词作定语。surprised在此用作定语修饰smile。由于surprise与smile的主人him之间是被动关系,故用过去分词。句意是:我给了他一个快速的拥抱,然后回到座位区,给他一个惊喜的微笑。
Grup 5
(1) The lecture ________(give), a lively questin-and-answer sessin fllwed. (改编自XXXX江苏卷29)
(2) _________ (give) the right kind f training , these teenage sccer players may ne day grw the internatinal stars. (改编自XXXX江西卷12)
(3) Five peple wn the “China’s Green Figure”award, a title ____(give) t rdinary peple fr their cntributins t envirnmental prtectin. (改编自XXXX山东卷29)
(4) _________ (give) bld if yu can and many lives will be saved. (改编自XXXX上海春招卷37)
【参考答案】(1) having been given/given (2) Given (3) given (4) Give
【考点设置】①分词用于独立主格结构;②过去分词作定语和状语;③谓语动词与非谓语动词辨析
【思路点拨】题(1)根据前后句看出明显有时间先后关系,即“报告结束后”,“接下来是现场提问时间”,句子中没有连词,根据名词lecture判定用独立主格,根据其与give之间的动宾关系用现在分词完成时被动语态或者过去分词。题(2)根据前后关系看出表示条件,these teenage sccer players与give是动宾关系,所以用过去分词作条件状语。题(3) a title是“China’s Green Figure”同位语,后面是定语,give与a title是动宾关系,用表示被动的过去分词作定语。题(4)由if从句看出前面是主句,由于没有主语,因此用动词原形构成祈使句。
【考例1】(2023新高考I卷)Shanghai may be the 4 (recgnize) hme f the sup dumplings but fd histrians will actually pint yu t the neighbring canal twn f Nanxiang as Xia lng Ba’s birthplace.
答案与解析:recgnized。考查非谓语动词过去分词作定语。空格在名词hme前面作定语,recgnize与hme是逻辑上动宾关系,需填过去分词recgnized作定语,recgnized“被公认的”也可以看作是形容词作定语,故填recgnized。句意:上海可能是公认的小笼包之乡,但美食历史学家会告诉你,邻近的运河小镇南翔才是小笼包的发源地。
【考例2】(2018·北京)Ordinary sap, _________(use) crrectly, can deal with bacteria effectively.
答案与解析:used。考查非谓语动词。Ordinary sap can deal with bacterial effectively是主句,_________ crrectly是条件状语,修饰rdinary sap,rdinary sap和use之间是被动关系,故要用过去分词,过去分词所表示的一个含义就是“被动”。。句意:如果正确使用的话,普通的肥皂可以有效地处理细菌。
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