高考英语语法词汇专项突破：16全解读非谓语之非谓语动词综合训练+答案+解析

这是一份高考英语语法词汇专项突破：16全解读非谓语之非谓语动词综合训练+答案+解析，共10页。试卷主要包含了语法填空，高考真题单项选择，谓语动词和非谓语动词对比练习，单项选择练习等内容，欢迎下载使用。

一、语法填空
N 1: (改编自2023年新课标全国Ⅱ卷)第二节
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Whenever I tell peple that I teach English at the Berlin Z, I almst always get a 1.______(questin) lk. Behind it, the persn is trying 2._____ (figure) ut wh exactly I teach…the animals?
Since June 2017, right befre the arrival f the tw new pandas, Meng Meng and Jia Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the z 3.______ (feel) mre cmfrtable and cnfident 4.______ (speak) English. And wh d they speak English with?
Nt the pandas, even thugh the language 5.______(use) fr the medical 6._______ (train) instructins is actually English. They talk t the fld f internatinal turists and t 7. ________ (visit) Chinese zkeepers wh ften cme 8. ______ (check) n the pandas, which are n lan frm China. They als need t be ready 9.______ ______ (give) interviews in English with internatinal jurnalists. This is why they need an English trainer.
S, what are they learning? Basically, hw 10._______ （describe）a panda’s life. It’s been an hnr t watch the panda prgramme develp and t see the pandas settle int their new hme. As a little girl, I wished 11.______ (be) a zkeeper when I grew up. Nw, I’m living ut that dream indirectly by 12._______ (help) the panda keepers d their jb in English.
Keys: 体裁：记叙文 主题：人与社会-在动物园教英语
【语篇导读】本文主要介绍了作者在动物园教英语的经历和原因。
【答案与解析】
1.questining。及物动词questin的意思“询问，怀疑，对提出异议”，其现在分词questining作形容词，意思是“询问的，表示怀疑的”，根据Whenever always的提示看出是现在分词作形容词，故填questing。表示“怀疑的表情”
2.t figure。 短语figure ut此处意思是意思是“弄清楚”，另外还有“解决、算出、想出”的意思。根据behind it“在不解的表情背后”看出应该是“那个人就会极力要弄清楚我到底教的是谁，难道是动物”，用try t d sth表示“努力做某事”。
3.t feel/feel。短语halp sb (t) d sth意思是“帮某人做某事”，help后跟动词不定式作宾语补足语，其中的t在主动语态中可有可无。故填t feel/feel。
4.speaking。现在分词作状语，相当于When they speak English, they feel mre cmfrtable and cnfident.。
5.used。根据后面的系动词is看出此处不该用谓语动词，结合句意看出是定语，use与被修饰词language是动宾关系，所以用过去分词作定语。故填used。
6.training。 根据句意和名词instructins看出用动名词作定语，表示被修饰名词instructin的用途。故填training。
7. visiting。 考查现在分词作形容词。分析句子结构可知，空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词作定语；visit对应的形容词为visiting“来访的”。故填visiting。句意：他们与蜂拥而至的国际游客和来访的中国动物园管理员交谈，这些管理员经常来检查从中国租借来的大熊猫。
8.t check。 动词不定式作目的状语。
9.t give。 根据形容词ready看出用不定式作状语，短语be ready t d sth.意思是“准备做某事”。
10.t describe。 根据What are they learning中的what看出此处用相当于名词性的词来回答what，根据特殊疑问词hw和所给动词看出是“特殊疑问词+不定式”结构。故填t describe。
11.t be。 wish跟动词不定式作宾语。
12.helping。 介词跟动词作宾语，通常不用动词不定式，by ding作方式状语，表示方式、手段。
N 2: (改编自2023年全国甲卷) 第二节
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Fr thusands f years, peple have tld fables (寓言) 1.______ (teach) a lessn r t pass n wisdm. Fables were part f the ral traditin f many early cultures, and the well-knwn Aesp’s fables date t the sixth century, B. C. Yet, the frm f the fable still 2.______ (have) values tday, as Rachel Carsn says in “A Fable fr Tmrrw.”
Carsn uses a simple, direct style cmmn t fable. In fact, her style and tne (口吻) are seemingly directed at children. “There was nce a twn in the heart f America, where all life seemed 3.______ (enjy) peaceful existence with its surrundings,” her fable begins, 4.______ (brrw) sme familiar wrds frm many age-ld fables. Behind the simple style, hwever, is a serius message 5._____ (intend) intended fr everyne.
Different frm traditinal fables, Carsn’s stry ends with an accusatin instead f a mral. She warns f the envirnmental dangers 6. ______ (face) sciety, and she teaches that peple must take respnsibility fr 7.______ (save) their envirnment.
The themes f traditinal fables ften deal with simple truths abut everyday life. Hwever, Carsn’s theme is a mre weighty 8______ (warn) abut envirnmental destructin. Carsn prves that a simple literal frm that -—9._________ (pass) dwn thrugh the ages can still 10. ________ (emply) tday t draw attentin t imprtant truths.
体裁：说明文 主题：人与社会一寓言
【语篇导读】本文介绍了一种用来传递智慧、引起人们对重要真理的关注的文学形式------寓言。
【答案与解析】
1.t teach。考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构并相据空后的r可知，________(teach) a lessn和t pass n wisdm是并列结构，所以空处也应用动同不是式, 填t teach。
2.has 3.t enjy
4.Brrwing分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词begins,故空处应用非谓语动词形式。brrw与其逻辑主语her fable为主谓关系，故应用现在分词形式作状语，表主动。故填brrwing
5.Intended 分析句子结构可知句中已有谓语动词is, 所以空处应填非谓语动词形式。此句为倒装句，空处与a serius message之间是动宾关系，所以此处应用过去分词作后置定语, 故填intended。
6.facing 7. saving
8.warning 根据空前的不定冠词a和形容词weighty以及空后的abut可知，此处应填名词形式。故填warning。
9.has been passed
10.be emplyed 空处是谓语动词，emply和其逻辑主语a simple literary frm之间是动宾关系，故句子应用被动语态；上文已有情态动词can,助动词应为be, 故填be emplyed。
N 3:
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Many years ag, a yung freigner 1. _________( call) Marc pl traveled a1l the way frm Italy t China. Frm then n a windw t the east has been 2.__________( pen) fr Westerners.Tw kinds f gld cins nce 3. ___________( make) by Eurpeans shwed their respects t the great explrer.
Marc Pl was 4. __________( bear) in 1254. He lived in Venice, a rich city in Italy. Marc's father and uncle were merchants. They had traveled t the east. S when Marc was yung, he enjyed 5.____________ ( listen) t the stries abut the places 6. __________( visit ) by his father. His father decided 7. _________( take) him n a trip. When Marc Pl was just 17, he left his cuntry fr China. They were amng the first 8.________(g) alng the silk rad. They had a lt f truble in 9.___________( explre). S it was a hard trip fr Marc Pl, but he was very brave. After abut fur years, Marc met Kublai Khan (忽必烈汗) wh gave him a jb. Marc spent 17 years 10. ____________(wrk) fr him.
He visited mst parts f China. He learned lts f interesting things abut Chinese life.When he returned hme, he let thers knw abut things like cal and paper mney. He wrte abut his trip in a famus bk.
【参考答案与解析】
1.called。called用作定语修饰Marc pl, call与freigner是被动关系，故用过去分词。
2.pened。windw与pen为被动关系，用过去分词，和前面的be动词一起构成被动语态。
3.made。made作定语修饰前面的cins，make与cin为被动关系，故用过去分词。
4.brn。be brn in出生于，固定搭配。
5.listening。及物动词enjy跟动名词作宾语，enjy ding sth. 喜欢做某事。
6.visited。visited做后置定语修饰places，places与visit为被动关系，用过去分词。
7.t take。及物动词decide跟不定式作宾语，decide t d sth. 意思是“决定做某事”。
8.t g。被修饰词是序数词，所以用非谓语动词的不定式修饰序数词，应该用不定式。
9. explring。have truble (in) ding sth. 做某事有困难。固定搭配。
10.wrking。spend sme time ding sth. 花费时间做某事，固定搭配。
二、高考真题单项选择
1.（2022天津卷·第二次）________ his restless students ccupied with an indr sprt n rainy days, James Naismith created basketball.
A. T be keptB. Kept/C. T keepD. Keeping
2.（2022天津卷·第二次）The city temperatures have returned frm recrd lw t nrmal, ________ the citizens t enjy the utdrs again.
/A. allwingB. being allwedC. having allwedD. having been allwed
3.(2022天津卷·第一次) Hemingway wrte nvels and shrt stries_______ n his persnal experiences f the First Wrld War.
/A.basedB. t baseC. basingD. being based
4.(2021天津卷·第一次）China's Natinal Highway 318,_________ ver 5,000 kilmeters frm Shanghai t Zhangmu, Tibet, is knwn as the “heavenly rad” fr its amazing views.
A. t extend B. extended /C. extending D. being extended
5.（2021天津卷·第二次）Mary became a baker at age 14, because her grandfather paid the lcal baker_________ her all the skills.
A. t have taught/B. t teach C. teaching D. having taught
6.（2020天津卷·第二次）_________ us prepare fr the exam, the teacher suggested reading thrugh ur ntes.
/A. T helpB. HelpedC. HelpingD. Being helped
7.（2020天津卷·第二次）The dancer’s incredible perfrmance had the audience n its feet ______ fr 10 minutes at the end f the shw.
A. being clappedB. clapC. clapped/D. clapping
8. (2020天津卷·第一次)______ in 1931, the Empire State Building, the highest skyscraper until 1954, inspired the imaginatin f the wrld.
A. Having cmpletedB. Being cmpleted /C. CmpletedD. Cmpleting
9. (2020天津卷·第一次) The lcal gvernment desn't have t sacrifice envirnmental prtectin_________ ecnmic grwth.
A. t be prmted B. being prmted C. prmting /D. t prmte
10. (2019天津卷) _________t think critically is an imprtant skill tday's children will need fr the future.
A.LearnB.Learned /C.LearningD.Having learned
11. (2019天津卷) Mst clleges nw ffer first-year students a curse specially________t help them succeed academically and persnally.
/A.designedB.designing C.t designD.being designed
(2018天津卷) I need a new passprt s I will have t have my phtgraph_________ .
A.taking/B.taken C.being takenD.take
13. (2016天津卷) The cling wind swept thrugh ut bedrm windws, _________ air cnditining unnecessary.
/A.makingB.t makeC.madeD.being made
14. (2015天津卷) __________ in painting, Jhn didn't ntice evening appraching.
A.T absrbB.T be absrbed/C.AbsrbedD.Absrbing
15.(2015天津卷) __________ fr tw days, Steve managed t finish his reprt n schedule.
A.T wrkB.WrkedC.T be wrking/D.Having wrked
16.(2011天津卷) Passengers are permitted_________ nly ne piece f hand luggage nt the plane.
/A.t carryB.carrying C.t be carriedD.being carried
1-5 CAACB 6-10 ADCDC 11-15 ABACD 16.A
三、谓语动词和非谓语动词对比练习
1. ①He vlunteered t help cntrl traffic, (dnate) an hur f his time every week.
②He vlunteered t help cntrl traffic, and (dnate) an hur f his time every week.
①The guide (lead) the way, we had n truble getting ut f the frest.
②The guide (lead) the way, s we had n truble getting ut f the frest.
3.①The party will be held in the garden, weather (permit)．
②The party will be held in the garden, if weather (permit)．
4.①Jim was listening attentively t the lecture, and all his attentin (fix) n it.
②Jim was listening attentively t the lecture, with all his attentin (fix) n it.
③Jim was listening attentively t the lecture, (fix) all his attentin n it.
5.①He went int the rm, (sit) at the table and began t read newspapers.
②They walked alng the stream tgether, (talk) and laughing.
【答案与解析】
1.①dnating ②dnated 两句的差别是连词and。分析句子结构可知，句①中空处作状语；句②中空处由and连接，与vlunteered并列作谓语。
2.①leading ②led 两句的差别是连词s。分析句子结构可知，句①为独立主格结构作原因状语；句②为s连接的两个并列句，空处所填词应与第二个并列分句的谓语动词时态一致。
3.①permitting ②permits 两句的差别是连词if。分析句子结构可知，句①为独立主格结构作条件状语；句②为if引导的条件状语从句。
4. ①was fixed ②fixed ③fixing 三句的差别是逗号后面的部分。分析句子结构可知，句①为and连接的两个并列句，通过对其时态、语态的分析可知，应用一般过去时的被动语态；句②后半句为with复合结构；句③后半句为动词-ing形式作伴随状语。
5.①sat ②talking 两句看似结构一致，但仔细分析却是大相径庭。句①为一连串的谓语动词先后发生，在最后两个动词之间加了连词and；句②由laughing及连词and可以判断，talk应使用动词-ing形式作伴随状语。
四、单项选择练习
1.Mr Smith is expecting sme visitrs this mrning and he wants t have his ffice____ clean and tidy.
A. lked B. being lked C. lk D. t lk
2.If _____ green, the dr might lk mre beautiful.
A. paint B. painted C. painting D. t paint
3.It is difficult t get the car____ n cld mrning.
A. t g B. g C. ging D. gne
4. ____ mre clearly, they came up and get clse t it.
A. Seeing B. T see C. Seen D. T be seen.
5. _____ in a heavy rain, the climbers had t stp climbing the light muntain.
A. T catch B. Having caught C. Caught D. Catching
6. It’s a pity that sme students have learnt English fr a lng time, but have never heard a wrd f it ______.
A. spke B. speaking C. spken D. speak
7. ----Yu were brave enugh t raise bjectins at the meeting.
---- Well, nw I regret _____ that.
A. t d B. t be ding C. t have dne D. having dne
8. The ftball match was _____, and we were all ______.
A. exciting; exciting B. excited; excited
C. exciting; excited D. excited; exciting
9. Last night I fllwed him here and climbed in, _______.
A. swrd in hand B. a swrd was in my hand
C. with a swrd in hand D. a swrd in hand
10. I prefer ____ at hme rather than ______ t the cinema.
A. t stay; ging B. staying; t g C. t stay; g D. staying; ging
11. Dn’t let yu mther knw all the truth. She appears _____ everything.
A. t tell B. t be tld C. t be telling D. t have been tld
12. He jumped nt the table in rder t make himself _____.
A. seeing B. saw C. seen D. t be seen
13. When I passed yur rm, I heard yu ____ the new sng, but I missed the very beginning.
A. t sing B. sing C. singing D. sung
14. Jack had all wrk but n play, _____ him a dull by.
A. made B. makes C. t make D. making
15. He is said ____ English in Oxfrd fr ten year.
A. t have taught B. t be teaching C. teaching D. that he has taught.
16. ____ , I will give the bk t him.
A. The mment I will see him B. As sn as I will see him
C. On seeing him D. At seeing him
17. Thse gymnastics mvements require ____.
A. t imprve B. imprving C. being imprved D. imprved
18. ____ frm his ____ lk, he enjyed himself at the party.
A. Judging; excited B. Being judged; excited
C. T judge; exciting D. Having been judged; exciting
19. _____ f reading, he put dwn the bk and stpped ____ TV.
A. Tired; t watch B. Tired; watching
C. Tiring; watching D. Tiring; t watch
20. _____ , I dn’t like English.
A. Being hnest B. Being hnesty C. T be hnesty D. T be hnest
21. The questin_____ at present has smething imprtant t d with ur daily life.
A. t be discussed B. t discuss C. been discussed D. being discussed
22. As he had brken the windw, the by was sitting there,______.
A. nt daring make a sund B. nt daring t make a sund
C. daring nt make a sund D. daring nt t make a sund
23. ____ frm his twin at birth, he didn’t knw he had a brther until he was twenty.
A. Separating B. By separating C. Separated D. Being separated.
24. I’ll g t America next week. Have yu anything ____ t yur parents?
A. take B. taking C. t take D. t be taken
25. She’s lking frward as much t his return as he himself t _____her.
A. have seen B. seeing C. see D. gives
26. Our English teacher always des what she can _____ us with ur English.
A. help B. t help C. helping D. helps
27. ----I try ____ the rule but I always frget.
----Why dn’t yu try _____ it dwn.
A. t remember; writing B. remembering; t write
C. t remember; t write D. remembering; writing
28. In the ____ years, greater changes tk place in this village.
A. fllw B. fllwed C. fllwing D. having fllwed
29. Culd yu tell me the way yu have thught f ____ ut the experiment.
A. carrying B. t carry C. carry D. carries
30. He managed t prevent himself frm______.
A. discvering B. discvered C. being discvered D. having discvered
【参考答案与解题思路点拨】
KEY: 1-5 CBCBC 6-10 CDCAC 11-15 DCCDA 16-20 CBAAD 21-25 DBCDB 26-30 BABBC
1. 点拨：C 在固定结构“have+宾语+宾补”中，have表示“使得”，lk是省去t的不定式作宾补。
2. 点拨：B If painted green是过去分词短语在句中作条件状语，过去分词paint与句子的主语the dr之间是被动关系。分词短语在句中作状语时可根据意义要求在前面用一个连词，如常见的if ,when, while, nce等。
3．点拨：C get sb/sth. ding 让某人开始工作；让某物开始活动起来。
4. 点拨：B 不定式短语作目的状主语。
5. 点拨：C 过去分词短作原因状语。sb be caught in某人撞上（风、雪、雨等）。
6. 点拨：C 过去分词spken在句中作宾补，与宾语a wrd f it之间存在着被动关系。
7. 点拨：D regret ding sth后悔做了某事，ding这一行为发生在regret之前，regret t d sth很遗憾地做某事，t d 这一行为发生在regret之后，由句尾的that而知，事情已经发生。
8. 点拨： C现在分词作表语，与句子的主语在逻辑上为主谓关系。过去分词作表语，与句子主语在逻辑上为动宾关系。
9. 点拨：A swrd in hand是独立主格结构作方式伴随状语。独立主格结构中的单数名词之前习惯不用修饰语。swrd in hand= with a swrd in his hand.
10. 点拨：C I prefer t stay at hme rather than g t the cinema= I prefer staying at hme t ging t the cinema.
11. 点拨：D tell与she之间为动宾关系，tell这一动作发生在appear之前。
12. 点拨：C 站到高处是为了让自己被别人看到。过去分词作宾补表示“宾语被……”。
13. 点拨：C 感观动词之后的宾补如果用现在分词则表示“听到/看到…正在做某事”，是指这个事情的局部。而如果用不定式（省t）作宾补，则表示“听到/看到……做了某事”，是指这个事情的全过程。语境提示：I missed the very beginning.
14. 点拨：D 现在分词作结果状果。
15. 点拨：A sb/ sth be said +不定式短语=it be said that sb/sth…
16. 点拨：C n seeing him= as sn as I see him
17. 点拨：B 表示“需要”时，物作主语，动名词表被动含义，不用被动形式。Need, want有同样的用法，另外，注意也be wrth有类似的用法。
18. 点拨：A judging frm独立成份。
19. 点拨：A tired 表示“感到厌倦的”，Tiring 表示“令人厌倦的”，stp t watch TV表示“为了看电视，停下别的事”，stp watching TV表示“停止看电视”。
20. 点拨：D T be hnest为独立成分，与句子的主语不存在逻辑关系。
21. 点拨：D being discussed at present是-ing分词短语的被动式作定语，修饰The questin，意为“目前正被讨论的问题”。
22. 点拨：B nt daring t make a sund是-ing分词短语在句中作方式状语。注意nt应置于分词前面。dare是在此处为实义动词，后接带t的不定式结构作宾语。
23. 点拨：C 该句相当于because he was separated frm……
24. 点拨：D 不定式的一般形式作定语与被动形式作定语的含义不同。have yu anything t take…?中t take的动作发生者在逻辑上为主语yu；而 have yu anything t be taken？中，主语 yu并不发出 take这一动作，而是另外的人发出 take这一动作。根据语境，应选 t be taken。
25. 点拨：B himself后省略了is lking frward t, 空白处之前的t为介词。
26. 点拨：B 此处用不定式表示行为的目的；what引导的宾语从句有省略现象，应理解为 what she can d。 d what ne can t d sth相当于 d all ne can t d sth，表示“尽某人所能做某事”。
27. 点拨：A try t d sth 意为“设法做某事”；try ding sth意为“试着做某事”。此句的意思为：我设法记下规则，但总是忘记了。为什么不试着写下来呢？
28. 点拨：B fllwing作定语，这时被修饰的词years和fllw平共处之间是主动关系。
29. 点拨：B T carry是动词不定式短语作定语，修饰the way。注意：yu have thught f是一个定语从句，修饰the way ，与后面的t carry ut无关系。
30. 点拨：C discver 和himself之间存在被动关系。